环境规制
- 格式：doc
- 大小：29.00 KB
- 文档页数：5
41
2.2.1.2环境规制的内涵
环境规制作为社会性规制的一项重要内容，是指由于环境污染具有外部
不经济性，政府通过制定相应政策与措施对厂商等的经济活动进行调节，以
达到保持环境和经济发展相协调的目标，具体包括工业污染防治和城市环境
保护。
工业污染防治是中国环境保护工作的重点。与过去相比，中国工业污染防治战略目前正在发生重大变化，逐步从末端治理向源头和全过程控制转变，从浓度控制向总量和浓度控制相结合转变，从点源治理向流域和区域综合治理转变，从简单的企业治理向调整产业结构、清洁生产和发展循环经济转变。与1995年相比，2004年全国单位国内生产总值（GDP）工业废水、工业化学需氧量、工业二氧化硫、工业烟尘和工业粉尘排放量分别下降了58%、72%、42%、55%和39%。与1990年相比，2004年全国每万元人民币GDP能耗下降45%，累计节约和少用能源7亿吨标准煤；火电供电煤耗、吨钢可比能耗、水泥综合能耗分别降低11.2%、29.6%和21.9%。
中国城市化率已从1995年的29.04%提高到2004年的41.76%。针对城市化快速发展中的环境问题，中国政府采取一系列综合措施，使城市环境逐步改善，部分城市环境质量有明显改善。与1996年相比，2005年空气质量达到国家二级标准的城市比例增加了31个百分点，空气质量劣于国家三级标准的城市比例下降了39个百分点。
近年来，国家大力开展城市园林绿化工作，建设国家园林城市，改善人居环境。到2004年底，全国城市绿化覆盖率为31.66%，绿地率为27.72%，人均公共绿地面积为7.39平方米，分别比2000年增长3.51%、4.05%和3.7平方米，其中人均公共绿地面积翻了一番。目前，全国已命名国家园林城市83个、园林城区4个，国家园林县城10个，并有12个城市获得了“中国人居环境范例奖”。
综上，只有做好工业污染防治和城市环境保护，并加强对环境的控制与管理才能有效地将环境改善，真正的做到环境规制。环境使我们赖以生存的基础，只有我们自己认识到环境的重要性之后才能从自身出发做到环境规制
英文版
Environmental regulation as a social regulation of an
important content, is because the environment pollution
have external
Don't economy, the government through the formulate the
corresponding policies and measures to the manufacturer
of economic activities such as to adjust to
To keep the environment and economic development to be
coordinate goal, concrete including industrial pollution
prevention and control the urban environment
Protection.
Industrial pollution control is the key work of environmental
protection in China. Compared with the past, China's industrial pollution control strategy is currently produces
major change, and gradually from the end to the source
and management control process transformation from
concentration control to total concentration control and
combining transformation from point to river basin
management and regional comprehensive management
change, from simple enterprise management to adjust the
industrial structure, the clean production and development
cycle economy. Compared with 1995, 2004 national unit of
gross domestic product (GDP) industrial waste water,
industrial chemical oxygen demand (cod), industrial sulfur
dioxide, industrial smoke and industrial dust emissions
were down 58%, 72%, 42%, 55% and 39%. Compared
with 1990, 2004 national every ten thousand yuan GDP fell
45% energy consumption, accumulative total saving less
and use energy 700 million tons of BiaoZhunMei; Thermal
power the power supply coal consumption, energy
consumption per ton steel, cement than comprehensive
energy consumption were reduced by 11.2%, 29.6% and
21.9%.
China's urbanization rate already from 1995 to 29.04% in
2004. According to the fast development of the
urbanization environmental problems, the Chinese
government took a series of comprehensive measures to
gradually improve the urban environment, part of the urban
environment quality was improved. Compared with 1996,
2005 years in air quality to achieve national secondary
standard city ratio increased by 31%, the air quality in
national levels of bad standard city scale down 39%.
In recent years, the country to develop
urban landscape work, the construction of
national garden city, to improve the living
environment. By the end of 2004, the
national city green coverage rate is
31.66%, the rate was 27.72%, and the per
capita public green land area of 7.39 square meters, respectively, a 3.51%
increase over 2000, 4.05% and 3.7 square
meters per capita public green land area is
doubled. At present, the national named
national garden city 83, park city 4, country
garden county 10, and 12 city won the
"Chinese living environment example
prize"
In conclusion, only making industrial pollution
control and urban environmental protection,
and to strengthen the management and control
of the environment can be effectively will
environmental improvement, the real do
environmental regulation. The environment
that we live foundation, only our own
understanding to the importance of
environment from the ego only after do
environmental regulation
