高中英语Unit11 单元语法一_被动语态学案含解析北师大版必修4

Unit 11 The Media 语法篇____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________1.被动语态。

一，2.动名词。

二，被动语态当句子的主语是动作的承受者时, 谓语部分需用被动语态形式, 即“系动词be+过去分词”。

1.例: English is spoken all over the world today.被动语态常用于需要强调动作的承受者；不知道谁是动作的执行者, 没有必要说出动作的执行者以及科技文章中。

2.例: The bridge was made of stones.3.各种时态的被动语态时态被动语态一般现在时am/is/are + 过去分词一般过去时was/were + 过去分词一般将来时will be + 过去分词过去将来时would be + 过去分词现在进行时am/is/are + being + 过去分词过去进行时was/were + being + 过去分词现在完成时have/has + 过去分词过去完成时had been + 过去分词例: I f they are caught, they will die.We shall be punished if we break the rule.A computer center is being built for the students.All the broken windows have been repaired.4.被动语态的特殊结构①含有情态动词的被动语态。

其结构为: can/may/must/need/should/…+ be + 过去分词例: The children should be taken good care of.②带有双宾语动词的被动语态, 一般是把间接宾语变为被动语态的主语, 另一宾语仍然保留在谓语后面。

Unit 11 The MediaPeriod Five Communication Workshop, Culture Corner & Bulletin BoardⅠ.重点单词1．ahead adv. 在前面2．tobacco n. 烟草，烟叶3．section n. 部分，片段4．false adj. 错误的；不真诚的5．royal adj. 王室的；皇家的6．editor n. 编辑；剪辑者→edit v. 编辑→edition n. 版；版本7．harmful adj. 有害的→harm n. & v. 伤害8．faithfully adv. 忠实地，真诚地→faithful adj. 忠实的→faith n. 信任，信条9．unemployment n. 失业(状态)→unemploy v. 使失业→employ v. 雇用10．interrupt v. 打断(讲话或动作)；打扰→interruption n. 打断11．environmental adj. 自然环境的→environment n. 环境12．protection n. 保护，防卫→protect v. 保护13．inconvenient adj. 不方便的→inconvenience n. 不方便14．independent adj. 独立自主的→independence n. 独立自主Ⅱ.核心短语1．be_against反对2．go_ahead_with 开始做，着手干3．be_popular_with 受到……的欢迎4．even_if/though 即使，纵然5．be_harmful_to 对……有害6．be satisfied with 对……感到满意7．have an effect on 对……有影响8．owe...to... 把……归功于……9．come out 结果是……10．in one's opinion 按照某人的看法，在某人看来Ⅲ.经典句式1．“no matter＋疑问词”引导让步状语从句No matter what the government says, it is clear that the airport will also affect our health.无论政府说什么，显而易见，机场还会影响我们的健康。

Period Six Grammar & WritingⅠ.被动语态一、被动语态概述语态是动词的一种形式，用以说明主语与谓语动词之间的关系。

英语的语态共有两种：主动语态和被动语态。

主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者；被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。

被动语态是动词的一种特殊形式，一般说来，只有需要动作对象的及物动词才有被动语态。

汉语往往用“被”、“受”、“给”等词来表示被动意义。

二、被动语态各时态的构成被动语态由“be＋及物动词的过去分词”构成。

人称、数和时态的变化是通过be的变化体现的。

几种常用时态的被动语态构成如下：一般现在时：am/is/are＋过去分词一般过去时：was/were＋过去分词一般将来时：will/shall be＋过去分词过去将来时：would be＋过去分词现在进行时：am/is/are being＋过去分词过去进行时：was/were being＋过去分词现在完成时：have/has been＋过去分词过去完成时：had been＋过去分词English is taught in most schools.大多数学校都开英语课。

Their wedding was held in a church.他们的婚礼在教堂举行。

Do you think the book will be reprinted?你觉得这本书会重印吗？He knew he would be punished for it.他知道自己会为此受到惩罚。

注意：含有情态动词的被动语态：情态动词＋be＋过去分词。

Such work can be done in an hour or so.这样的工作可以在一个小时左右做完。

三、主动语态变为被动语态的方法1．把主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。

2．把谓语变成被动结构，时态不变。

3．有时把主动语态中的主语放在介词by之后作宾语，原作主语的人称代词要用宾格。

All the people laughed at him.→He was laughed at (by all the people)．They were building the new bridge.→The new bridge was being built (by them)．We haven’t told her about it yet.→She hasn’t been told about it yet.四、使用被动语态的场合1．不知道或没有必要指出谁是动作的执行者时。

SectionⅠTopicTalk&Lesson1LivinginaCommunity一、单句语法填空1.You’d better spare more time to negotiate your son.2.The patient was so weak that he even couldn’t blow the candle .3.Seeing her son in danger,she rushed to him a flash.4.He was so selfish that I couldn’t tolerate (work) with him!5.After a long discussion,they finally came to a(resolve).6.Flights should be confirmed 48 hours before(depart).二、完成句子1.It was in the morning that(他打包了所有行李).2.If(我没有犯这样的错误),I could have completed the assignment better.3.She sat at the river,(回忆着幸福的童年).4.Many forms of cancer can be cured(如果发现得早).5. (让我苦恼的是) was that my son didn’t spend much time on his lessons.6.Who do you think in our company can(解决这个问题)?三、阅读理解On March 7,1907,the English statistician Francis Galton published a paper which illustrated what has come to be known as the “wisdom of crowds” effect.The eation he conducted showed that in some cases,the average of a large number of independent estimates could be quite accurate.This effect capitalizes on the fact that when people make errors,those errors aren’t always the same.Some people will tend to overestimate,and some to underestimate.When enough of these errors are averaged together,they cancel each other out,resultingin a more accurate estimate.If people are similar and tend to make the same errors,then their errors won’t cancel each other out.In more technical terms,the wisdom of crowds requires that people’s estimates be independent.If for whatever reasons,people’s errors become correlated or dependent,the accuracy of the estimate will go down.But a new study led by Joaquin Navajas offered an interesting twist(转折) on this classic phenomenon.The key finding of the study was that when crowds were further divided into smaller groups that were allowed to have a discussion,the averages from these groups were more accurate than those from an equal number of independent individuals.For instance,the average obtained from the estimates of four discussion groups of five was significantly more accurate than the average obtained from 20 independent individuals.In a follow-up study with 100 university students,the researchers tried to get a better sense of what the group members actually did in their discussion.Did they tend to go with those most confident about their estimates?Did they follow those least willingto change their minds?This happened some of the time,but it wasn’t the dominant response.Most frequently,the groups reported that they “shared arguments and reasoned together”.Somehow,these arguments and reasoning resulted in a global reduction in error.Although the studies led by Navajas have limitations and many questions remain,the potential implications for group discussion and decision-making are enormous.1.What is paragraph 2 of the teethods of estimation.B.The underlying logic of the effect.C.The causes of people’s errors.D.The design of Galton’s experiment.2.Navajas’studyfoundthattheaverageaccuracycouldincreaseevenif.A.thecrowdswererelativelysmallB.therewereoccasionalunderestimatesC.individualsdidnotcommunicateD.estimateswerenotfullyindependent3.Whatdidthefollow-upstudyfocuson?A.Thesizeofthegroups.B.Thedominantmembers.C.Thediscussionprocess.D.Theindividualestimates.4.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardNavajas’studies?A.Unclear.B.Dismissive.C.Doubtful.D.Approving.四、七选五阅读理解It is not so easy to disagree with your parents.Here are a few quick tips on how to show your opinion in the right way.1 Don’t let angry words fly out of your mouth if you don’t really want to say them,or you will have a lot of work to do later.2 How would you feel if you were your mother or father?Why do they do that?Is it really bad?Try to stay calm.If you find yourself getting too angry,ask for a short time to be alone. 3Learn to listen.Maybe your parents aren’t as persuasive(具有说服力的) as you think. 4Pay attention to needs rather than problems. 5 Tell your parents that you want to discuss the problem with them rather than work against them.A.Think before you speak.B.Never listen to your parents.C.It is quite common to disagree with one’s parents.D.Think about the problem from your parents’ point of view.E.Hear them out and then decide how to deal with the problem.F.Be clear about what you need,rather than focus on why you disagree.G.If you can,try to discuss the problem with your parents at another time.五、完形填空A mother and her daughter living in my community are two of the most unfriendly people I have ever come across in my life.They are totally separated,mie they have is making a nuisance(令人讨厌的人) of themselves to the local police station by 2 music played too loud,dogs barking more than once a day and any other pretty little gripe(不满).On moving into this neighbourhood,I was 3 of these two but decided I would make up my own mind.This proved quite a 4 to me as more than once either the mother or the daughter would knock on my door and blast(猛烈抨击) me with some 5 or other.I 6 answered politely and made sure I greeted them as they went past my place and also made the effort now and then to make a 7 remark about their garden or pets.Time passed by.Their 8 remained unchanged,however,and I continued to be as friendly as possible.During the New Year’s Day,we decided once again to 9 these two unhappy ladies to our list and left a packet of cookies on their gate.Imagine my 10 when two days later they stopped at my gate and 11 said they were considering hanging their gifts on their gate,and they brought me a bunch of flowers!So,my fellow gifters,do not 12 on your random gifts of kindness.You may never know just what this 13 to others,nor how many broken-hearted or 14 people you may just change with a simple act of 15 .1.A.nobody B.someoneC.anyoneD.nothingposing B.requestingC.reportingD.getting3.A.accused B.warnedC.remindedD.convinced4.A.challenge B.jobC.taskD.matter5.A.jokes B.adviceC.eplaints6.A.seldom B.neverC.alwaysD.sometimes7.A.kind B.rudeC.sympatheticD.approving8.A.smile B.attitudeC.decisionD.anger9.A.add B.recommendC.reduceD.drive10.A.interest B.smileC.surpriseD.face11.A.angrily B.jokinglyC.anxiouslyD.seriously12.A.take in B.take upC.give inD.give up13.A.refers B.meansC.relatesD.contributes14.A.kind-hearted B.light-heartedC.hard-heartedD.warm-hearted15.A.sorrow B.hopeC.imaginationD.kindnessSectionⅠTopicTalk&Lesson1LivinginaCommunity一、1.with 2.out 3.in 4.working 5.resolution6.departure二、1.he packed all his luggage 2.I hadn’t made such a mistake3.recalling her happy childhood4.if detected early5.What bothered me6.resolve the problem三、1.B 段落大意题。

语法·剖析·活用被动语态本单元我们主要讨论被动语态的时态问题:时态结构一般现在时am/is/are done一般过去时was/were done一般将来时is going to/will/shall+bedone现在进行时am/is/are being done过去进行时was/were being done现在完成时has/have been done过去完成时had been done含有情态动词can/may/must...be done注意:要特别留心的是被动语态的进行时态:be being doneThey are repairing the street this month。

→The street are being repaired this month。

They were cooking dinner when I arrived.→Dinner was being cooked when I arrived。

动名词动名词是由动词词尾加—ing而来，在句子中可以作主语、宾语、表语、定语和补语。

现列表举例如下：功用例句主语（真正的主语,形Saving is having。

节约即是收入。

式主语）It’s great fun sailing a boat.扬帆驾舟是十分有趣的。

宾语（实义动词的宾语，介词的宾语）You should try to avoid making such mistakes.你应该试着避免这种错误。

Are you afraid of being left alone at home?一个人被留在家里,你害怕吗？表语His job is covering and reportingemergency events.他的工作就是采访和报道紧急事件.定语Let's have a rest in the waitingroom。

我们去候车室歇会儿吧。

高中英语学习材料（灿若寒星*制作整理）随堂演练及时体验巩固提升Ⅰ.单句语法填空(不多于3个单词)1．They demanded that the books ________ (return) to the school library at once.答案与解析(should) be returned demand后接宾语从句时，从句中的谓语动词应用“should＋动词原形”，should可省略。

句中的return与books之间存在动宾关系，故用被动形式。

2．I'm firm in my belief ________ he is a promising basketball player.答案与解析that in the/one's belief that ...“相信；怀有……的信念”。

句意：我坚信他是一名有前途的篮球运动员。

3．All of my family are greatly delighted ________ (learn) that you are getting along very well with your lessons.答案与解析to learn句意：我们全家人获悉你学习顺利的消息后都特别高兴。

be delighted to do sth.为固定搭配，意为“高兴做某事”。

4．The letters CPC stand ________ the Communist Party of China.答案与解析for句意：字母CPC代表中国共产党。

因此应选stand for表“代表”。

5．— Michael was late for Mr. Smith's oral class this morning.— ________ come? As far as I know, he never came late to class.答案与解析How How come？常用于口语，表示惊讶，意为“为什么？怎么搞的？”6．________ is mentioned above, the number of the students in senior high school is increasing.答案与解析As虽说which, as都可以引导非限制性定语从句，又可代替整个句子内容，但有下列区别：as引导的非限制性定语从句可放于句首，而which引导的则不能；as引导的定语从句有“正如”之意，而which引导的则没有。