写作教程课后答案 上海外国语教育出版社

Unit 1PART Ⅱ FOCUSDenotation and ConnotationSuggested answer to the questionIf it is your teacher, most probably you will choose b, as the word portly has an implication of a more or less dignified and imposing appearance (e.g. an elderly gentleman, large and portly). However, if it is a doorkeeper, an amiable middle-aged woman, you may choose the word plump as it implies a pleasing fullness of figure (e.g. the plump goddesses of Renaissance paintings). From this exercise we can conclude that words that share the same denotative meanings can be diverse in their connotative meanings.Reference for the Classroom Activities1.father: the male parent. It connotes support and sternness; it also connotesprotection but in a serious fashion.wildflower: uncultivated plant; it connotes vitality and pleasantness.2. a. In the West, every male person has the good qualities of males, such as bravery,spirit, and toughness.b. Anyway, she has the characteristics of a woman, such as frailty and delicacy. AttitudeReference for the Classroom Activities2. a. unique b. pigheaded c. flattered d. fossil e. spinsterCollocationSuggested answers to the exercisea.do somebody a favorb.do somebody goodc.make a gestured.do evile.do harmf.make an effortReference for the Classroom Activities1.1) D 2) D 3) A 4) B 5) C 6) C 7) BFalse FriendsSuggested answers to the questionThe misunderstanding occurs due to the use of homonyms or false friends—flour or flower, ground (as the past participle of the verb grind) and ground (meaning the solid surface of the earth). In this excerpt, the use of false friends adds a humorous effect to the text.Reference for the Classroom Activities1.The false friends are lie meaning to keep one’s body in a flat position, and liemeaning to say something dishonest.2. a. Your fever rose yesterday.b. That racket is bad enough to make Aunt Ella’s eyebrows raised.c. Jack has been lying around all day.d. The soldiers laid aside their weapons.e. A heavy fog lay over the land.f. White stationery is always appropriate.g. Is that table stationary, or can it be moved to another corner of the room?h. It is easier to talk about a principle than to live by it.i. Our principal played on the faculty football team against the schoolall-stars.3. Some other false friends:fair vs. fareIt’s not fair to put all the blame on him.Bus fares are going up again.passed vs. pastI passed the landlady on the stairs this morning.Several boys went past us on mountain bikes.intense vs. intensiveShe suddenly felt an intense pain in her stomach.He took an intensive course on English.farther vs. furtherThe fog’s so thick; I can’t see farther than about five meters.Every day she thinks further and further into depression.PART III GARMMARSubject-Verb AgreementWhen the subject is compoundReference for the Classroom Activitiesa.He was one of the candidates who were able to carry out their campaign pledges.He was the only one of the candidates who was able to carry out his campaign pledges.b.What he wants is just a little love from his foster parents.What one thinks and says are not always the same.c.There is a cherry tree and several orchid flowers in the garden.Reference for the Classroom Activitiesa.Nobody in town admits seeing him.b.Does anyone want to go with me?c.Are any of you going to the exhibition?d.None works/work so hard as he does.e.Books are her chief source of enjoyment.f.The one thing you must be ready for is their attempts to break up the meeting.g.The jury is finally complete.h.The jury were divided in their opinions.i.New York Times is his bible.PART ⅣWRITINGNotes (I)Sample 1Suggested answers to the questions1.Notes are the simplest and shortest form of written communication and they arequick, easy and convenient.2. A note has three essential components:--the addressee—the person(s) to whom the note is written;--the message;--the sender.3. Notes are characterized by their brevity, informality in style, and dedication to a single topic.Sample 2Suggested answers to the questions1.The date is put at the upper right-hand corner. Besides the date or weekday, youmay, at times, need to state the hour or even the minute.2.You can add the word Dear before the addressee’s name and a complimentaryclose.3. A complimentary close is put before your signature as the sample show.PART V FOLLOW-UP EXERCISES1.a. The little boy was chicken-hearted.b. The statesman is a respectable figure in the political arena.c. We sat down by the oak tree, enjoying the breeze coming from the lake.d. We need to drink the milk before it sours.e. The child had difficulty finding his way to school.f. The young woman received a lot of flowers and gifts.g. My father drew back the curtain a little lest I see him.h. Our university can accommodate 4000 students.i. Social customs vary greatly from country to country.2. The writer’s attitude changes from negative to positive in each pair of sentences.3. (1) experienced (2) elapsed (3) attempting (4) with(5) take up (6) made (7) endeavor (8) true4. a. The state attorney said that the man would be prosecuted.b. We suppose that a referee should be disinterested but not uninterested.c. Tony can hit a ball farther than I can.d. We must pursue this matter further.e. The principles behind our constitution are a principal reason for its astounding success.f. All the band instruments except the tuba will be carried to the auditorium for the music contest.g. The federal government comprises the legislative, judicial, and executive branches.h. The whole region was struck by an economic disaster.i. (correct)j. He was awaked to the risk.5. My sister Lulu accepted a scholarship to study in the UK. She had done very well in school and the principal thought that living with a British family would teach her a lot. Mother said she would let her go if she bought a box of stationery and promised to write home every week. She said that she would live up to her promise and she always does pretty well in living up to her principles. Soon after she arrived in the UK., she adapted to her new environment. Her new life did not affect her a great deal. She knew that as a student she had to be economical and she was not self-conscious of her poor clothing and strange accent. These were the things she was uninterested in; what fascinated her instead was the cultural differences between the two countries. She found people there liked to pay compliments and were more credulous to what she said. Of course, she never lied to them about her motherland. Though she experienced cultural shocks continually, she developed a fair attitude towards the other culture. In the proceeding years, she settled down in the UK. and became a person with an alternative cultural identity.6. a. Sixty hours is the amount of work time I contracted for.b. The jury is expected to reach its decision very quickly.c. Each of the candidates for the position has exceptionally high qualifications.d. Every boy and girl in the sixth grade was/is eager to win the contest.e. Corn bread and milk is a popular breakfast in the rural South.f. The instructor as well as the students was at fault.g. He is one of the students who plan to attend the speech contest.h. The jury are to be isolated in individual hotel rooms each night during the trial.i. Sam sprawled in the chair and knocked over one of the lamps which were on display.j. The symptoms of mercury poisoning vary with each individual case.k. He believes that athletics improves school morale.l. Up goes the starter’s gun, and each of the runners becomes tense.m. Either The Times or The Tribune is a reliable source of news.n. The first thing that catches your eye is the headlines.o. She is one of the women who have made this country what it is.。

写作教程(一)unit-1标准答案Unit 1PART Ⅱ FOCUSDenotation and ConnotationSuggested answer to the questionIf it is your teacher, most probably you will choose b, as the word portly has an implication of a more or less dignified and imposing appearance (e.g. an elderly gentleman, large and portly). However, if it is a doorkeeper, an amiable middle-aged woman, you may choose the word plump as it implies a pleasing fullness of figure (e.g. the plump goddesses of Renaissance paintings). From this exercise we can conclude that words that share the same denotative meanings can be diverse in their connotative meanings.Reference for the Classroom Activities1.father: the male parent. It connotes support and sternness; it also connotesprotection but in a serious fashion.wildflower: uncultivated plant; it connotes vitality and pleasantness.2.Word Denotation Connotation Sentencegold a precious yellow metal wealth, value,preciousness, etcSilence is gold.moon the natural body that moves around the earthonce every 28 days tranquility, purity,something out ofreach, etc.There’s no pointhoping for peace inthe country. It’s likeasking for the moon.ice water frozen so that it has become solid coldness,indifference, cruelty,death, etc.The ice in his voicewas only to hide thepain.blood red liquid flowing through the bodies ofhumans and animals family background,descent, race,temperament, etc.Blood is thicker thanwater.bravery, spirit, and toughness.b. Anyway, she has the characteristics of a woman, such as frailty anddelicacy.AttitudeReference for the Classroom Activities1.Favorable Neutral Unfavorableunique, quaint strange bizarre, abnormal resolute, steadfast stubborn, dogged pigheadedcompliment (v.) praise, commend, flatter lick one’s bootssenior citizen old person fossilbachelor girl single woman spinsterCollocationSuggested answers to the exercisea.do somebody a favorb.do somebody goodc.make a gestured.do evile.do harmf.make an effortReference for the Classroom Activities1.1) D 2) D 3) A 4) B 5) C 6) C 7) BFalse FriendsSuggested answers to the questionThe misunderstanding occurs due to the use of homonyms or false friends—flour or flower, ground (as the past participle of the verb grind) and ground (meaning the solid surface of the earth). In this excerpt, the use of false friends adds a humorous effect to the text.Reference for the Classroom Activities1.The false friends are lie meaning to keep one’s body in a flat position, andlie meaning to say something dishonest.2. a. Your fever rose yesterday.b. That racket is bad enough to make Aunt Ella’s eyebrows raised.c. Jack has been lying around all day.d. The soldiers laid aside their weapons.e. A heavy fog lay over the land.f. White stationery is always appropriate.g. Is that table stationary, or can it be moved to another corner of theroom?h. It is easier to talk about a principle than to live by it.i. Our principal played on the faculty football team against the schoolall-stars.3. Some other false friends:fair vs. fareIt’s not fair to put all the blame on him.Bus fares are going up again.passed vs. pastI passed the landlady on the stairs this morning.Several boys went past us on mountain bikes.intense vs. intensiveShe suddenly felt an intense pain in her stomach.He took an intensive course on English.farther vs. furtherThe fog’s so thick; I can’t see farther than about five meters.Every day she thinks further and further into depression.PART III GARMMARSubject-Verb AgreementWhen the subject is compoundReference for the Classroom ActivitiesSummary1. A compound subject with and takes a plural verb in most cases, but when itexpresses a singular meaning or when each of the singular subjects is considered individually, it takes a singular verb.2.After a compound subject with or, nor, either…or, neither…nor, not…but, theverb agrees in number and person with the nearer part of the subject.3.Intervening phrases or clauses not introduced by coordinating conjunctionsdo not affect the number of a verb. Such phrases are normally introduced by prepositions or prepositions or prepositional phrases such as as well as, asmuch as, rather than, along with, in addition to, together with, with, plus, and including.Reference for the Classroom ActivitiesSummary1.Nominal phrases of time, money, weight and measurement normally take asingular verb.2.Some words or phrases, such as all, most, half, the last, the rest, take asingular or plural verb, depending on the meaning of the noun or pronoun that follows.3.Phrases like l ots of, heaps of, loads of take singular or plural verbs dependingon the form of the nouns that follow.4.In sentences with more than one or many a modifying the subject noun, theverb should take a singular form though it is plural in meaning.Reference for the Classroom Activitiesa.He was one of the candidates who were able to carry out their campaignpledges.He was the only one of the candidates who was able to carry out his campaign pledges.b.What he wants is just a little love from his foster parents.What one thinks and says are not always the same.c.There is a cherry tree and several orchid flowers in the garden.There are hundreds of applicants on the waiting list for the job.Summary1.After a relative pronoun (who, which, that), the verb has the same person andnumber as the antecedent. (In the second sentence in Pair a, the antecedent is the only one, not the candidates.)2.After a what-clause, the verb is usually singular. But if the what-clause is in acompound structure plural in meaning, the verb is in plural form.3.In the there-be structure, the verb is singular or plural depending on thenumber of the subject. The singular there is may be used to introduce a compound subject when the first noun or nominal phrase is singular. Reference for the Classroom Activitiesa.Nobody in town admits seeing him.b.Does anyone want to go with me?c.Are any of you going to the exhibition?d.None works/work so hard as he does.e.Books are her chief source of enjoyment.f.The one thing you must be ready for is their attempts to break up themeeting.g.The jury is finally complete.h.The jury were divided in their opinions.i.New York Times is his bible.j.Semantics is the study of meanings.Summary1.Indefinite pronouns such as anybody, anyone, each, everybody, nobody, no one,and somebody generally require a singular verb.2.The pronouns any and none take either singular or plural verbs.3.The complement of the verb be does not affect its number.4. A collective noun takes a singular verb when the class it names is thought ofas a unit, but a plural verb when the members of the class are thought of as individuals.5.Titles of books, magazines, movies, newspapers, plays, and the like take asingular verb.6.Certain nouns which are plural in form but singular in meaning generallytake a singular verb. Some of these are physics, mechanics, news statistics, and whereabouts.Notes (I)Sample 1Suggested answers to the questions1.Notes are the simplest and shortest form of written communication and theyare quick, easy and convenient.2. A note has three essential components:--the addressee—the person(s) to whom the note is written;--the message;--the sender.3. Notes are characterized by their brevity, informality in style, and dedication toa single topic.Sample 2Suggested answers to the questions1.The date is put at the upper right-hand corner. Besides the date or weekday,you may, at times, need to state the hour or even the minute.2.You can add the word Dear before the addressee’s name and acomplimentary close.3. A complimentary close is put before your signature as the sample show. PART V FOLLOW-UP EXERCISESa. The little boy was chicken-hearted.b. The statesman is a respectable figure in the political arena.c. We sat down by the oak tree, enjoying the breeze coming from the lake.d. We need to drink the milk before it sours.e. The child had difficulty finding his way to school.f. The young woman received a lot of flowers and gifts.g. My father drew back the curtain a little lest I see him.h. Our university can accommodate 4000 students.i. Social customs vary greatly from country to country.2. The writer’s attitude changes from negative to positive in each pair of sentences.3. (1) experienced (2) elapsed (3) attempting (4) with(5) take up (6) made (7) endeavor (8) true4. a. The state attorney said that the man would be prosecuted.b. We suppose that a referee should be disinterested but not uninterested.c. Tony can hit a ball farther than I can.d. We must pursue this matter further.e. The principles behind our constitution are a principal reason for its astounding success.f. All the band instruments except the tuba will be carried to the auditoriumfor the music contest.g. The federal government comprises the legislative, judicial, and executive branches.h. The whole region was struck by an economic disaster.i. (correct)j. He was awaked to the risk.5. My sister Lulu accepted a scholarship to study in the UK. She had done very well in school and the principal thought that living with a British family would teach her a lot. Mother said she would let her go if she bought a box of stationery and promised to write home every week. She said that she would live up to her promise and she always does pretty well in living up to her principles. Soon after she arrived in the UK., she adapted to her new environment. Her new life did not affect her a great deal. She knew that as a student she had to be economical and she was not self-conscious of her poor clothing and strange accent. These were the things she was uninterested in; what fascinated her instead was the cultural differences between the two countries. She found people there liked to pay compliments and were more credulous to what she said. Of course, she never lied to them about her motherland. Though she experienced cultural shocks continually, she developed a fair attitude towards the other culture. In the proceeding years, she settled down in the UK. and became a person with an alternative cultural identity.6. a. Sixty hours is the amount of work time I contracted for.b. The jury is expected to reach its decision very quickly.c. Each of the candidates for the position has exceptionally high qualifications.d. Every boy and girl in the sixth grade was/is eager to win the contest.e. Corn bread and milk is a popular breakfast in the rural South.f. The instructor as well as the students was at fault.g. He is one of the students who plan to attend the speech contest.h. The jury are to be isolated in individual hotel rooms each night during the trial.i. Sam sprawled in the chair and knocked over one of the lamps which were on display.j. The symptoms of mercury poisoning vary with each individual case.k. He believes that athletics improves school morale.l. Up goes the starter’s gun, and each of the runners becomes tense.m. Either The Times or The Tribune is a reliable source of news.n. The first thing that catches your eye is the headlines.o. She is one of the women who have made this country what it is.。

写作教程考试题目和答案一、单项选择题（每题2分，共20分）1. 写作教程中提到，写作是一种（）。

A. 语言技能B. 思维技能C. 社交技能D. 艺术技能答案：A2. 在写作过程中，确定文章主题的步骤是（）。

A. 选择材料B. 组织结构C. 确定论点D. 起草初稿答案：C3. 写作教程中强调，写作应该遵循（）的原则。

A. 客观性B. 逻辑性C. 创造性D. 所有上述选项答案：D4. 写作教程中提到，文章的开头应该（）。

A. 直接进入主题B. 引入背景信息C. 提出问题D. 描述个人经历答案：B5. 在写作教程中，关于文章结构的描述，以下哪项是正确的？（）A. 引言-主体-结论B. 结论-主体-引言C. 主体-引言-结论D. 引言-结论-主体答案：A6. 写作教程中提到，文章的结尾应该（）。

A. 重复引言B. 总结全文C. 提出新观点D. 引入新问题答案：B7. 在写作教程中，关于论据的使用，以下哪项是错误的？（）A. 论据应该支持论点B. 论据应该具体、明确C. 论据应该与论点无关D. 论据应该具有说服力答案：C8. 写作教程中提到，修改文章时应该关注（）。

A. 语法错误B. 拼写错误C. 逻辑结构D. 所有上述选项答案：D9. 在写作教程中，关于引用他人观点的正确做法是（）。

A. 直接复制粘贴B. 用自己的话重新表达C. 忽略引用来源D. 随意篡改原文答案：B10. 写作教程中提到，文章的标题应该（）。

A. 复杂难懂B. 简单明了C. 包含所有信息D. 包含专业术语答案：B二、多项选择题（每题3分，共15分）11. 写作教程中提到的写作技巧包括（）。

A. 使用比喻B. 避免使用被动语态C. 使用专业术语D. 保持段落的一致性答案：A, B, D12. 在写作教程中，关于文章段落的描述，以下哪些是正确的？（）A. 每个段落应该有一个中心思想B. 段落应该按照逻辑顺序排列C. 段落应该包含过渡句D. 段落应该尽可能长答案：A, B, C13. 写作教程中提到的写作风格包括（）。

Unit1 W ays of LearningPart II Reading TaskComprehensionContent QuestionPair W ork1.They were studying arts education in Chinese kindergartens and elementaryschools in Nanjing.2.Their 18-month-old son Benjamin was fond of trying to place the key into the slot ofthe key box during their stay at the Jinling Hotel.3.They would come over to watch Benjamin and then try to teach him how to do itproperly.4.Because he realized that this anecdote was directly relevant to their assigned tasksin China: to investigate early childhood education and to throw light on Chinese attitudes toward creativity.5.Most of them displayed the same attitude as the staff at the Jinling Hotel.6.He emphasized that the most important thing is to teach the child that on can solvea problem effectively by oneself.7.He means that this incident pointed to important differences in educational andartistic practices betw een China and the USA.8.The manner in which the Chinese staff saw the need to teach the child by guidinghis hand in the characteristic of a broader attitude to education, one that stands in contrast to the W estern preference for leaving the child to explore and learn unaided.9.One example is of children at the age of 5 or 6 painting flow ers, fish and animalsskillfully and confidently; in a second example, calligraphers 9 and 10 years old were producing works; and in a third, young artists w ork on perfecting their craft for several hours a day.10.Americans think that unless creativity has been acquired early, it may never emerge,and skills can be picked up later. Chinese think that if skills are not acquired early, they may never be acquired, and there is no hurry to promote creativity.11.This is mainly due to the difference in their way of thinking.12.The author makes the suggestion that w e should strike a better balance betw een thepoles of creativity and basic skills.T ext OrganizationW orking On Y our Own1.1The text begins with an anecdote.2His thoughts are mainly about different approaches to learning in China andthe W est.3He winds up the text with a suggestion in the form of a question.2.Chinese1Show a child how to do something, or tech by holding the hand2Give greater priority to developing skills at an early age, believing that creativity can be promoted over timeAmericans1T each children that they should rely on themselves for solutions to problems 2Put more emphasis on fostering creativity in young children, thinking skills can be picked up laterLanguage Sense Enhancement(1Summarizing(2value originality andindependence(3contrast between (4in terms of(5harbor(6fearful(7comparable(8promote creativity(9emerge(10picked upLanguage Focus V ocabularyI1.1insert2on occasion3investigate4In retrospect 5initial6phenomena7attached8make up for9is awaiting10not; in the least11promote12emerged2.1 a striking contrast betw een the standards of living in the north of the country and the south.2is said to be superior to synthetic fiber.3as a financial center has evolved slowly.4is not relevant to whether he is a good lawyer.5by a little-known sixteen-century Italian poet have found their way into some English magazines.3.1be picked up; can’t accomplish; am exaggerating2somewhat; the performance; have neglected; they apply to3assist; On the other hand; are valid; a superiorII1.1continual2continuous 3continual4continuous2.1principal2principal3principle 4principles5principalIII1.themselves2.himself/herself3.herself/by herself/on her own4.itself5.ourselves6.yourself/by yourself/on your own Comprehensive Exercises I.cloze 1.(1contrast(2exaggerating(3priority(4on the otherhand (5promoting(6pick up(7assist(8accomplish(9occasion(10neglecting(11worthwhile(12superior2.(1end(2perform(3facing(4competent (5equipped(6designed(7approach(8rest(9definitely(10qualityII.translation1.(1It takes an enormous amount of courage to make a departure from the tradition.(2Tom used to be very shy, but this time he was bold enough to give a performance in front of a large audience.(3Many educators think it desirable to foster the creative spirit in the child at anearly age.(4Assuming this painting really is a masterpiece, do you think it’s worthwhile tobuy it?(5If the data is statistically valid, it will throw light on the problem we areinvestigating.2.To improve our English, it is critical to do more reading, writing, listening and speaking. Besides, learning by heart as many w ell-written essays as possible is also very important. Without an enormous store of good English writing in your head you cannot express yourself freely in English. It is also helpful to summarize our experience as w e go along, for in so doing, w e can figure out which way of learning is more eff ective and will produce the most desirable result. As long as w e keep working hard on it, we will in due course accomplish the task of mastering English.Unit2 V aluesPart II Reading TaskComprehensionContent QuestionPair W ork1.The Salvation Army is a religious charitable organization. A Salvation Army bellringer is a volunteer who help it collect donations.2.The boy asked him: Are you poor? He did it simply out of confusion and curiosity.Obviously he knew nothing about the Salvation Army bell ringer.3.He said, “I have more than some people, but not as much as others.”This meansthat he was neither poor nor rich.4.The boy’s mother scolded him because the question was social inappropriate,especially to a person who looked poor.5.Y es, economically he is poor. He lives in a small bas ement apartment. He doesn’teven have a color TV. He falls into the low est income category. And so on.6.No, the writer does not f eel poor. This is because he has enjoyed good health andcreativity which he thinks are much more important than material goods.7.He f eels out of place among people who are primarily interested in material things.8.She told him that she was interested in what’s on the inside. but after he took hertohis poorly furnished apartment, she changed her mind completely.9.It only show s that to her the most important thing was still material goods ratherthan what she had claimed before.mercial can put people under pressure to purchase more than is reallynecessary.11.Because December is the time for to work for the Salvation Army as a bell ringer,which gives him a genuine sense of belonging and brings him happiness in helping others.12.The boy’s question has helped the writer realize that, despite his lack of expensivepossessions, he is rich in many other ways and should be thankful for that.T ext OrganizationW orking On Y our Own1.1 a.√2the essay is meant to explain something that is, the author’s view of life.3That one can live a lif e full of riches without being rich financially.2.Part One: The writer’s encounter with a boy who raised the question “are you poor?”Part Two: In search of an answ er the writer finds that not having expensive possessions doesn’t make him feel poor mainly because he enjoys life in many other ways. Part Three: In conclusion, the write r thinks he’s grown to understand more about himself because of the boy’s question.Language Sense Enhancement1.(1attain(2wear and tear(3dependable(4modest (5primarily(6minimal(7exceptionally(8illness-free(9spirited(10energizingLanguage Focus V ocabulary I1.1abrupt2emotional3bless4wear and tear 5dated6consequences7seemingly8in contrast to9Curiosity10genuine11primarily12sentiments2.1confronted with more than one problem, try to solve the easiest one first.2vital to the existence of all forms of life.3some confusion among the students about what to do after class to follow up on the subj ect.4nothing more than a job and an apartment to be happy.5tickled him to think that she’d come to ask his advice3.a a seemingly1; fabricating; sentiments2fill out; every item; vital; consequences3be denied; tangible; cherish; attainII1.It is a long trip and will take us five hours by bus.2.She arrived early and took a front row seat.3.Don’t take me for a fool.4.It takes a lot of imagination to fabricate such a story.5.My uncle will take me (along on his trip to the Arctic this summer.6.He took the dinner plate I passed to him.7.Kevin took second prize in the w eight-lifting competition.8.If you don’t take my advice, you will regret it.III1.hanging2.to give3.to return4.being praised5.not having written6.to say7.to open8.being helpedComprehensive Exercises I.cloze1.(1well-off/affluent(2dated(3falling into(4bracket (5deny(6tangible(7pursuit(8cherishes(9out of place (10abrupt(11focus(12donations2.(1consume(2fueled(3annual(4plain (5physically (6security(7indicates(8equally(9traditional(10followIII. Translation1.1The company denied that its donations had a commercial purpose.2Whenever he was angry, he would begin to stammer slightly.3Education is the most cherished tradition in our family. That’s why my parentsnever took me to dinner at expensive restaurants, but sent me to the bestprivate school.4Shortly after he recovered from the surgery, he lost his job and thus had to gothrough another difficult phase of his lif e.5In contrast to our affluent neighbors, my parents are rather poor, but they havealways tried to meet our minimal needs.2.With more and more donations coming in, our university will be much better off financially next year. W e will thus be able to focus on the most important task that w e, educators, must take on: to encourage students to attain their scholarly/academic goals, to train them to be dependable and responsible individuals, to prepare them for the life ahead, and to guide them in their pursuit of spiritual as w ell as material satisfaction.Unit3 The Generation GapPart II Reading TaskComprehensionContent QuestionPair W ork1.There are seven characters---Father, Mother, Heidi, Diane, Sean, Restaurant Manager, and Mrs. Higgins.2.No. Because what he does usually ends up embarrassing them.3.To buy a guitar.4.To check if Sean was going to embarrass him.5.He knew his father was going to embarrass him.6.It was unnecessary and embarrassing.7.He wanted Dan to pressure his son into asking Diane to the senior prom.8.He would speak to his son and insist that the latter give Diane a call.9.She f elt humiliated.10.Because the Thompson had just moved.11.He tried to let her know how exceptionally talented a young woman Heidi was.12.Because she couldn’t bear being embarrassed by her father.T ext OrganizationW orking On Y our Own1.1. A fast-food restaurant2.The Thompson family dining room3.An office at a high school2.Scene One: Father embarrassed Sean by talking too proudly to the restaurant manager. Scene Two: Father embarrassed Diane by persuading a colleague into pressing his son to ask her to the senior prom.Scene Three: Father embarrassed Heidi by boating to an official at her new school about how talented she was.Language Sense Enhancement1.(1once in a while(2for(3the problem(4he thinks (5humiliated(6class president(7have(8Actually(9stop to think(10interferenceLanguage Focus V ocabularyI 1.1typical2dumb3junior4glorious 5welfare6came over7interference8fading9narrowed down10frank11schemes12at any rate2.1consists of five generals and four police officers.2will be in a location overlooking the lake.3was humiliated by her comments about my family background in front of so many people.4have any proof that it was Henry who stole the computer?5was exhausted after the long cycle ride.3.1hysterical; was handed down by; should have known better than2twisted; over and over; talented son3patience; not to keep him in suspense; assured; repeatedly II.Collocation1.adequate2.anxious3.certain4.content5.crazy6.likely7.fortunate8.keenage1.be admitted2.live3.be postponed4.buy5.be banned6.beComprehensive Exercises I.cloze1.(1typical(2welfare(3constant(4frank(5talent(6dumb (7know better than that (8repeatedly(9dread(10interference(11bet(12assure2.(1despite(2really(3same(4contact (5admitted(6attempt(7not(8tend(9different(10mannerII.Translation1.(1Have scientists found proof of water on Mars?(2The planning committee has narrowed down the possible locations for thenuclear pow er plant to two coastal towns.(3Sam not only lost his job but also both legs; he had to live on welfare for therest of his lif e.(4 A jury consisting of 12 members voted in unison that Mary was guilty.(5Sean f elt humiliated to hear his talent being questioned.2.George, the son of Mr. Johnson, liked listening to heavy metal music in the evenings, which made it hard for other residents in the community to fall asleep. Eventually the exhausted neighbors lost their patience and decided on direct interf erence. They called Mr. Johnson to tell him in a frank manner what they were thinking. Mr. Johnson assured them that he would certainly settle the issue. As soon as he put down the phone he scolded his son, “What has come over you? Y ou should know better than to disturb others for your own amusement.”In the end George traded his CD’s for computer games software from his classmates.Unit4 The V irtual W orldPart II Reading TaskComprehensionContent QuestionPair W ork1.She used to be a television producer, but now she is a writer.2.She writes and edits articles online, submits them via email, and communicates withcolleagues via the Internet, too.3.She could stay computer-assisted at home for weeks, going out only t get mail,new spapers and groceries.4.They feel as if they had become one with the computer, and life seems to be unreal.5.That people who grew used to a virtual life would f eel an aversion to outside formsof socializing.6.She gets overexcited, speaks too much, and interrupts others.7.She is bad-tempered, easily angered, and attacks everyone in sight, all because shehas long become separated from others and lacks emotional face-to-face exchanges with people.8.She fights her boyfriend, misinterpreting his intentions because of the lack ofemotional cues given by their typed dialogue.9.Because w e rely on co-works for company.10.She calls people, arrangers to meet the few friends remaining in the City, gets to thegym, arranges interview s for stories, doctor’s appointments---anything to get her out of the house and connected with others.11.No, she doesn’t f eel happy. She feels being face to face is intolerable.12.She makes her excuses and flees, re-enters her apartment, runs to the computer,clicks on the modem, and disappears into the virtual world again.T ext OrganizationW orking On Y our Own1.1.2-32.1,4-10,133.114.122.The first paragraph describes the consequences of living a virtual life and the last tells of the author’s escape back into it. Together, they bring out the dilemma people atpresent are in: Because of modern technology, w e have a choice betw een a virtual life and real life, but find both unsatisfactory.Language Sense Enhancement1.(1routine(2for company(3unemployment(4externally (5drug abuse(6restore(7fled(8gym(9set apart(10appointmentsV ocabulary I1.1conversely2but then3symptom4spitting 5abusing6tone7took; in8editing9have arranged10in sight11stretched12data2.1smoking cigarettes jars on me.2find themselves getting sucked in.3has arranged for a technician from the computer store to check and repair it. 4fled their country to avoid military service/fled to other countries to avoid military service.5restore people’s confidence in it.3.1the virtual; on line; via2nightmare; routine; any appointment; arrange for3cue; remarks; his tuneII.Collocation1.W e came here all the way on foot.2.Private cars are not allow ed on campus.3.They are on vacation in Florida.4.Mary has been talking to her friend on the phone for an hour.5.Don’t w orry, Lucy is always on time.6.Industrial demand on fuel is on the rise.age1.hard2.difficult3.impossible4.tough5.hard6.easy Comprehensive Exercises I.cloze1.(1Internet(2click(3virtual(4routines(5arrange(6nightmare (7annoying (8connection(9crawls(10take in(11spit(12data(13sucked into(14At times(15flee(16on line2.(1companion(2deliver(3access(4enables (5customers (6delights(7provides(8small(9remote(10informationII.Translation1.1Research shows that laughter can bring a lot of health benefits.2 A slow Internet connection speed is really annoying.3As the law stands, helping someone commit suicide is a crime.4In her report, Mary tries to interpret the data from a completely differentangle.5Sue is a girl of great talent. Her amazing memory sets her apart from herclassmates.2.Perhaps you envy me for being able to work from home on the computer. I agree that the Internet has made my job a lot easier. I can write, submit and edit articles via email, chat with my colleagues on line and discuss work with my boss. With a click of the mouse, I can get all the data I need and keep up with the latest new s. But then, communicating through the Net can be frustrating at times. The system may crash. W orse still, without the emotional cues of face-to-face communication, the typed words sometimes seem difficult to interpret.Unit5 Overcoming ObstaclesPart II Reading TaskComprehensionContent QuestionPair W ork1.Because the pole was set at 17 f eet which was three inches higher than his personalbest.2.Because pole-vaulting combines the grace of a gymnast with the strength of a bodybuilder.3.His childhood dream was to fly. His mother read him numerous stories about flyingwhen he was growing up.Nesting: fitting closely inside another thing or each other 镶嵌Progressively: a little at a time 渐进地;逐步地Dwarf: a person of much less than the usual size 矮子Giant: a person who is much bigger than usual 巨人;伟人Core: the basic and most important of sth 核心;中心(12fantasy(13sw eat(14congratulateFaçade: outward (especially deceptive(欺诈的 appearance 外观Cover-up: an attempt to prevent sth dishonorable from being publicly known 掩饰;掩盖Challenge: sth new and difficult that forces one to make a lot of effort Conscience: one’s own feeling about whether what one is doing right or wrong 道德;良知Enrich: improve the quality of 使丰富;使充实Succumb: give in 屈服;屈从Seductive: hard to refuse 有诱惑力的;诱人的Win the day: be successful 获胜;取得成功Unit12Clutter: cover or fill a space or room with too many things, so that it looks very untidy 杂乱;混乱(1engineer的;疏远的;遥远的Spot: a particular place or area, especially a pleasant place where you spend time 地点;现场(4how (5build(6accident(7thought(8only(9sharp(10touched(11instructions(12finallyII.Translation1.Tip: a helpful piece of advice 贴士Transition: the act or process of changing from one form or state to another 过渡;转变Goody: sth that is nice to eat 糖果Stroke: move your hand gently over sth 抚摸;轻抚Bolt: run away suddenly 逃跑;冲出Sway: move slowly from one side to another 摇摆Smear: spread a liquid or soft substance over a surface, especially carelessly or untidily 弄脏;污点Let go of: stop holding sth or sb 放手;释放Unit13Observer: sb who sees or notices sth 观察者To date: up to now 迄今为止Narcissistic: having a tendency to admire your own physical appearance or abilities 自恋的;自我陶醉的Converse: engage in(从事conversation 交谈;谈话Enunciate:pronounce words clearly and carefully 清晰地发音Conversely: if turned the other way around 相反地Invariably: almost always 不变地;总是2.To convert a gas-guzzling SUV into a hybrid electric vehicle.3.Because she didn’t know anything about cars and was afraid of being cheated bythe mechanic.4.She was craving independence and wanted to live away from home for some time.Orderly: sb who does unskilled jobs in a hospital 护理员Intone: say sth, especially in a slow and serious or solemn way 吟诵Approximately: not exactly, but nearly or roughly 大约Disposition: a particular type of character which makes sb more likely to behave or react in a certain way 性情;性格;气质Desert: be absent when needed 遗弃;抛弃Blurt out: say sth suddenly and without thinking, usually because you are nervous or excited 脱口而出Ridiculous: silly or unreasonable 可笑的;荒谬的Misconception: a mistake idea or view resulting from a misunderstanding of sth 误解;错觉;错误的想法Turn down: refuse an offer, request, or invitation 拒绝Qualification: an examination that you have passed, especially at school or university 资格证书Frustration: the feeling of being annoyed, upset, or impatient, because you cannot control or change a situation, or achieve sth 挫折;挫败Disillusioning: making sb realize that sth which they thought was true or good is not really true or good 醒悟Exclusion: a situation in which sb or sth is not allowed to take part in an activity 排除;排斥she had studied more.9.No, she wasn’t always confident. She had moments of panic, worried that as awoman she would be unable to understand thermodynamics.10.She considers it wrong because it is based on a faulty premise.Come upon: find or discover sth or sb by chance 偶然发现Unit14Access: the possibility or means of entering or approaching a place 进入Remote: far away in space or time 遥远的;偏僻的Mockingly: in a way to laugh at sb or sth 取笑地;愚弄地judgment.T ext OrganizationW orking On Y our Own1.Part One: The author describes how she stumbled into engineering.Part Two: The author writes about how she has overcome obstacles, including the bias against w omen, on her way to success.Part Three: The author draws the conclusion that women can do anything men can so long as they believe in their own abilities.2.1she was not a tomboy.not to an engineering department.she didn’t know the first thing about engineering.because she craved independence from her parents.already earned her six credits in engineering.2math and design.she participated in a national competition to convert an SUV into a hybrid electric vehicle.work harder at it.that she should study more.had to work hard at courses she found difficult, which encouraged her to keep going.Language Sense Enhancement1.(1limit(2denying(3favor(4others(5relevant (6translating(7hard and fast conclusions(8focus(9incredibly flexible(10consider the possibilityV ocabulary I1.1cultural/culture2indication3miniature4ironic 5stumbled into6decent7buzzing8abnormal9mechanical10Shuddering11implied12leap2.1convert RMB into US dollars in the foreign exchange office at the airport. 2didn’t know the first thing about cooking as she looked puzzled a s to how to cook rice with the rice cooker.3their faulty equipment the team had accomplished some very useful work. 4allowing me to work flexible hours as long as I work eight hours a day.5couldn’t help thinking the book must be quite fascinating.3.1wi ll not panic/feel panic; ’ll be at a disadvantage2hybrid; transmissions3crave; One indication; to distinguishII.Synonyms in Context1.also2.as w ell/too3.too4.also5.as w ell/too6.too7.also8.Alsoage1.I’ve had enough2.When I was old enough to work and earn money3.can’t got enough sleep at night4.has so far collected enough of them5.have strong enough arms6.have just enough money to live on Comprehensive ExercisesI.cloze1.(1stumbled into(2not know the first thing about(3mechanical(4when it comes to(5hybrid(6gritted her teeth (7premise(8at a disadvantage(9panic(10cultural(11flexible(12imply2.(1chair(2force(3secrets(4painstaking (5recognized(6steered(7essentially(8observations(9women(10tutor(11inspired(12unlessII.Translation1.1He is a man of few words, but when it comes to playing computer games, he is far too clever for his classmates.2Children who don’t know any better may think these animals are pretty cute and start playing with them.3There is no way to obta in a loan, so to buy the new equipment, I’ll just have to grit my teeth and sell my hybrid car.4The hunter would not have fired the shots if he had not seen a herd of elephants coming towards his campsite.5I find it ironic that Tom has a selective memory---he does not seem toremember painful experiences in the past, particularly those of his own doing. 2.Nancy Hopkins is a biology prof essor at MIT. She craves knowledge and works hard. How ever, as a scientist, she could not help noticing all kinds of indications of genderinequality on campus. Men and women prof essors did the same work, but when it came to promotion the administrators w ere rather selective. It was ironic that after so much cultural progress, women w ere still at a disadvantage in institution of higher education. When her request for more lab space was refused, she knew she had to fight. So she gritted her teeth and complained to the President. The fight ended in victory and Nancy was converted into a gender-equity advocate.Unit7 Learning about EnglishPart II Reading TaskComprehensionContent QuestionPair W ork1.It has borrowed and is still borrowing massively from other languages. T oday it hasan estimated vocabulary of over one million words.2.They don’t like borrowing foreign w ords. They try to ban words from English.3.Old English or Anglo-Saxon English.4.The Germanic tribes brought it to the British Isles in the 5th century.5.They are usually short and direct.6.They use w ords derived from Old English.7.An English judge in India noticed that several words in Sanskrit closely resembledsome words in Greek and Latin. A systematic study later revealed the Indo-European parent language.8.Greek, Latin, Sanskrit, English, etc.9.There w ere three languages competing for use in England.10.W ords from Greek and Roman classics came into the English language.11.The great principles of freedom and rights of man were born in England, then theAmericans carried them forward.12.No. English is and has always been the tongue of the common people. There shouldnot be any fence around it to protect its so-called purity.T ext OrganizationW orking On Y our Own1.Part One: Massive borrowing from other languages is a major feature of the English language.Part Two: the history of the English language from the Indo-European parent language to modern English.。

第三部分练习答案（部分）第一讲常见语言错误分析句子层面错误1. 句子片段/不完整句子（Sentence Fragment）练习：1. The man who talked for an hour did not realize everyone was bored.2. I spent almost two hours on the phone yesterday, trying to find a garage to repair my car.3. He looked forward to the study period at school. It was the only time he could situnbothered and dream about his future.4. Sam received all kinds of junk mail. Then he complained to the post office. Eventually,some of the mail stopped.5. He took courses in the humanities, such as French Literature and the Russian Novel.6. Among the courses he failed before he earned his degree were English, Economics andGeneral Biology.2.串句(run-on sentence)练习：1. I bought a used boat this past summer from a friend. It needed several repairs.2. The sky was bright blue with a few white clouds in it, so it was a beautiful day for thepicnic.3. He spends eight hours a day in a factory; it’s a relief to get out in the open air after work.4. The food was fine except for the cake which I didn’t like.3.不一致（disagreement）练习：1. I am extremely sorry you are injured.2. If I were rich and she were single, I would marry her.3. When you try hard enough, you can do almost anything.4．When a person gets an early start, eats a big breakfast and jogs ten miles to school, he (or she) works efficiently.5. She came over to me and asked whether I had talked to John and whether he wascoming to the dance.第二讲句子写作（一）长短句结合3)使用非谓语动词变换句式参考答案(4)：The mongoose is a small, very fierce animal that lives in Africa and southern Asia. It eats all sorts of small creatures, including snakes. A mongoose will even fight a deadly cobra. The mongoose moves very quickly and the cobra cannot strike it. Since Mongooses can be tamed, they are often kept around homes to drive away snakes.参考答案(5)：Handwriting analysis is an inexact science. When expert at handwriting analysis are called on to discover forgery, they use only their eyes and a microscope as tools. They compare two documents side by side to look for telling details, such as the dots above i’s and the crosses through t’s, the angle of the pen, and they also analyze the beginnings and ends of pen strokes. Sometimes experts disagree, so many people doubt the reliability of handwriting analysis.第三讲段落写作一，段落的构成练习2：主题句参考答案1), 45th Street is a great place for shopping.2), Westlake’s team is a strong team.二，段落的特点练习1：Public transportation usually provides priority seat for the elderly or the handicapped.练习2：句子顺序依次为：7), 3), 4), 2), 1), 5), 6)练习3：1) The beginning of our vacation was full of disasters. First, our car would not start when we were ready to leave. It took a full hour to fix the problem. Then, we discoveredthat the dog had disappeared. After looking around the neighborhood, we found hiunder the house. At last, we pulled out onto the highway. Before long, we heard asiren screaming behind us. A police officer pulled us over and told us that we werespeeding. Finally, with a sixty-dollar speeding ticket and a late start on our vacation,we were on our way.2) Many people think rabbits and hares are the same animals, but that is not true. Forexample, the animal often called a hack rabbit is not a rabbit at all. It is a hare. Hareshave always lived in all parts of the world. Rabbits, on the other hand, were once foundonly in Europe. They are smaller than hares. Also, rabbits have shorter legs and ears.Although rabbits dig burrows in the ground, hares do not build burrows. Furthermore,hares are much faster than rabbits.第四讲四级写作命题解析（二）评分原则和标准：练习：五篇作文分数依次为：11,2，5,14,8分该题目为2010 年 6 月四级题Due Attention Should Be Given to SpellingOutline：1. 如今不少学生在英语学习中不重视拼写2. 出现这种现象的原因是……3. 为了改变这种状况，我认为…第五讲议论文常见考题概述课后练习(1)：College Students’ Use of Credit Cards （网上押题）1. 近年来越来越多的大学生开始使用信用卡2、分析产生该现象的原因3、针对大学生使用信用卡提出你的建议At present, a wide variety of credit cards issued by major banks and shopping malls are thriving in colleges and universities across the nation, with a significant part of college students making up a growing population of card holders. Indeed, one out of five students is estimated to be in possession of at least one credit card, and the figure is expected to be on the steady increase, the latest data published by Yangtze Evening Post suggests.Like anything prior to the emergence of this small piece of plastic, the increasing popularityof credit card on campus has both bright and dark sides. On the one hand, young adults in college, now free from the trouble of pocketing much cash, could enjoy the convenience of credit cards and purchase expensive goods by installments. On the other hand, however, the irresponsible and excessive use of the cards by these youngsters, the majority of whom are fresh out of middle school incapable of budgeting their money, may end up putting themselves heavily in debt which will take them years to pay off.In my understanding, while enjoying a host of conveniences the credit card may bring, we couldn't afford to ignore a conspicuous fact: in most cases, parents are our sole financial sources. Instead of spending without any planning or thinking, we are supposed to always put our studies first, try hard to be a reasonable shopper, careful with each spending, no matter with cash or cards.课后练习(2)：Is a Test of Spoken English Necessary？（2000年6月）Outline:1. 很多人认为有必要举行英语口语考试，理由是......2. 也有人持不同意见，......3. 我的看法和打算As has been declared by the Ministry of Education, a test of spoken English will be included as an optional component of the CET (College English Test) from 2000. Some people contend that it is absolutely necessary to hold a test of spoken English in China. They point out the embarrassing fact that most college students who have learnt English for years actually can hardly express themselves in English, let alone communicate with a native speaker. After all, they argue, English should be acquired and used as a language, a tool for communication instead of a course only requiring passive learning. Therefore, a test of spoken English will bring the importance of oral English to the awareness of college students, and thus help them with their communication skills. （第一段：引出文章话题并引述第一种观点）However, some others maintain that good reading and writing skills would be enough for the English learners. They claim that college students are already under considerable pressure from their coursework so another required test will only add to their burden. In addition, they believe some students may take the shortcut and only practice the questions according to the fixed format of the test, which will not actually help improve their spoken English. （第二段：引述第二种观点）In my opinion,a test of spoken English will do more good than harm. Since China will continue its policy of opening-up and reform, the ability to speak fluent English is a must for anyone who wants to surpass others in a highly competitive society. Whether I take the test or not, I shall make great efforts to practice my oral English in the following years in college. （第三段：表明作者的观点）课后练习(3)：Recreational Activities （2008年6月）1. 娱乐活动多种多样，2. 娱乐可能使人们受益，也可能有危害性，3. 作为大学生，我的看法。

Unit 1PART Ⅱ FOCUSDenotation and ConnotationSuggested answer to the questionIf it is your teacher, most probably you will choose b, as the word portly has an implication of a more or less dignified and imposing appearance (e.g. an elderly gentleman, large and portly). However, if it is a doorkeeper, an amiable middle-aged woman, you may choose the word plump as it implies a pleasing fullness of figure (e.g. the plump goddesses of Renaissance paintings). From this exercise we can conclude that words that share the same denotative meanings can be diverse in their connotative meanings.Reference for the Classroom Activities1.father: the male parent. It connotes support and sternness; it also connotesprotection but in a serious fashion.wildflower: uncultivated plant; it connotes vitality and pleasantness.2. a. In the West, every male person has the good qualities of males, such as bravery,spirit, and toughness.b. Anyway, she has the characteristics of a woman, such as frailty and delicacy. AttitudeReference for the Classroom Activities2. a. unique b. pigheaded c. flattered d. fossil e. spinsterCollocationSuggested answers to the exercisea.do somebody a favorb.do somebody goodc.make a gestured.do evile.do harmf.make an effortReference for the Classroom Activities1.1) D 2) D 3) A 4) B 5) C 6) C 7) BFalse FriendsSuggested answers to the questionThe misunderstanding occurs due to the use of homonyms or false friends—flour or flower, ground (as the past participle of the verb grind) and ground (meaning the solid surface of the earth). In this excerpt, the use of false friends adds a humorous effect to the text.Reference for the Classroom Activities1.The false friends are lie meaning to keep one’s body in a flat position, and liemeaning to say something dishonest.2. a. Your fever rose yesterday.b. That racket is bad enough to make Aunt Ella’s eyebrows raised.c. Jack has been lying around all day.d. The soldiers laid aside their weapons.e. A heavy fog lay over the land.f. White stationery is always appropriate.g. Is that table stationary, or can it be moved to another corner of the room?h. It is easier to talk about a principle than to live by it.i. Our principal played on the faculty football team against the schoolall-stars.3. Some other false friends:fair vs. fareIt’s not fair to put all the blame on him.Bus fares are going up again.passed vs. pastI passed the landlady on the stairs this morning.Several boys went past us on mountain bikes.intense vs. intensiveShe suddenly felt an intense pain in her stomach.He took an intensive course on English.farther vs. furtherThe fog’s so thick; I can’t see farther than about five meters.Every day she thinks further and further into depression.PART III GARMMARSubject-Verb AgreementWhen the subject is compoundReference for the Classroom Activitiesa.He was one of the candidates who were able to carry out their campaign pledges.He was the only one of the candidates who was able to carry out his campaign pledges.b.What he wants is just a little love from his foster parents.What one thinks and says are not always the same.c.There is a cherry tree and several orchid flowers in the garden.Reference for the Classroom Activitiesa.Nobody in town admits seeing him.b.Does anyone want to go with me?c.Are any of you going to the exhibition?d.None works/work so hard as he does.e.Books are her chief source of enjoyment.f.The one thing you must be ready for is their attempts to break up the meeting.g.The jury is finally complete.h.The jury were divided in their opinions.i.New York Times is his bible.PART ⅣWRITINGNotes (I)Sample 1Suggested answers to the questions1.Notes are the simplest and shortest form of written communication and they arequick, easy and convenient.2. A note has three essential components:--the addressee—the person(s) to whom the note is written;--the message;--the sender.3. Notes are characterized by their brevity, informality in style, and dedication to a single topic.Sample 2Suggested answers to the questions1.The date is put at the upper right-hand corner. Besides the date or weekday, youmay, at times, need to state the hour or even the minute.2.You can add the word Dear before the addressee’s name and a complimentaryclose.3. A complimentary close is put before your signature as the sample show.PART V FOLLOW-UP EXERCISES1.a. The little boy was chicken-hearted.b. The statesman is a respectable figure in the political arena.c. We sat down by the oak tree, enjoying the breeze coming from the lake.d. We need to drink the milk before it sours.e. The child had difficulty finding his way to school.f. The young woman received a lot of flowers and gifts.g. My father drew back the curtain a little lest I see him.h. Our university can accommodate 4000 students.i. Social customs vary greatly from country to country.2. The writer’s attitude changes from negative to positive in each pair of sentences.3. (1) experienced (2) elapsed (3) attempting (4) with(5) take up (6) made (7) endeavor (8) true4. a. The state attorney said that the man would be prosecuted.b. We suppose that a referee should be disinterested but not uninterested.c. Tony can hit a ball farther than I can.d. We must pursue this matter further.e. The principles behind our constitution are a principal reason for its astounding success.f. All the band instruments except the tuba will be carried to the auditorium for the music contest.g. The federal government comprises the legislative, judicial, and executive branches.h. The whole region was struck by an economic disaster.i. (correct)j. He was awaked to the risk.5. My sister Lulu accepted a scholarship to study in the UK. She had done very well in school and the principal thought that living with a British family would teach her a lot. Mother said she would let her go if she bought a box of stationery and promised to write home every week. She said that she would live up to her promise and she always does pretty well in living up to her principles. Soon after she arrived in the UK., she adapted to her new environment. Her new life did not affect her a great deal. She knew that as a student she had to be economical and she was not self-conscious of her poor clothing and strange accent. These were the things she was uninterested in; what fascinated her instead was the cultural differences between the two countries. She found people there liked to pay compliments and were more credulous to what she said. Of course, she never lied to them about her motherland. Though she experienced cultural shocks continually, she developed a fair attitude towards the other culture. In the proceeding years, she settled down in the UK. and became a person with an alternative cultural identity.6. a. Sixty hours is the amount of work time I contracted for.b. The jury is expected to reach its decision very quickly.c. Each of the candidates for the position has exceptionally high qualifications.d. Every boy and girl in the sixth grade was/is eager to win the contest.e. Corn bread and milk is a popular breakfast in the rural South.f. The instructor as well as the students was at fault.g. He is one of the students who plan to attend the speech contest.h. The jury are to be isolated in individual hotel rooms each night during the trial.i. Sam sprawled in the chair and knocked over one of the lamps which were on display.j. The symptoms of mercury poisoning vary with each individual case.k. He believes that athletics improves school morale.l. Up goes the starter’s gun, and each of the runners becomes tense.m. Either The Times or The Tribune is a reliable source of news.n. The first thing that catches your eye is the headlines.o. She is one of the women who have made this country what it is.。

精品文档Unit OnePart V Follow-up Exercises1.a.mouse-hearted: →chicken-heartedb.politician: →statesmanc.wind:→breezed.utilize: →drinke.ascertaining: →findingf.was bombarded with→received a lot ofg.opened→drew backh.contain→accommodatei.habits→customs2. The writer's attitude changes from negative to positive in each pair of sentences.3.(1)___(4) experienced, elapsed, attempting, with(5)___(8) take up, made, endeavor, true4. a. The state attorney said that the man would be prosecuted.b. We suppose that a feferee should be disinterested but notuninterested..精品文档c. Tony can hit a ball farther than I can.e. The principles behind our constitution are a principal reason for its astounding success.f. All the band instruments except the tuba will be carried to the auditorium for the music contest.g. The federal government comprises the legislative, judicial, and executive branches.h.The whole region was struck by an economic disaster.i.(correct)j. He was awake to the risk.5. The first line: principle→principalThe second line: stationary →stationeryThe fourth line: adopted →adaptedThe fifth line : effect →affectThe sixth line: economic →economical; self-conscience→self-consciousThe seventh line: disinterested→uninterestedThe ninth line: credible →credulousThe eleventh line: continuously →continually6. a. is.精品文档b. is expectedc. hasd.was/ise. isf. wasg. planh. arei. werej. varuk.improvesl.becomesm. isn. iso. haveAnswer to Unit 22. Translate the following Chinese idioms into English and see if they are literally translateda. play a minor roleb. That's Greek to me.c. belated action/advice.精品文档d. Where there is smoke, there is fire.e. an evil creaturef. walk into the trapg. one's face glowing with health3. Delete unnecessary words or repeated meaning in the sentences below and make improvemnents. Then compare the two versions and see how the two differ.a. We must practice economy. /We must reduce unnecessary expenditures.b. It is essential to control environmental pollution.c. We must arrive at the station on time.d. Financial wxpenditures should be arranged in order of priority.e. We should speed up constructions of urban housing so as to improve the housing condition.f. To be allowed to make profits, private capital has to meet two conditions：1) the profits must be legal, and 2)they must not be excessive.g. During the period of the Tenth Five-Year Plan we must neverneglect grain production. Instead,m we must steadily increase it.4. Reference version|In feudal China, women had low social status, and were regarded as inferior to men. Thanks to the women's liberation.精品文档movement, women have achieved equal status with men, which is established by the law. But in fact, they still can't enjoy equal rights with men.At home, wives are expected to do all the housework, which is obviously unfair.Husband and wife should share the housework and family responsibilities. But in some families husbands usually get angry when they find the cleaning or cooking unfinished by their wives. One can't help wondering why they don't it by themselves.I think women should be spiritually and financially independent if they want real equality. In order to do that , they have to learn as much as men so as to find a good job. Appearance is no longer important to women. It is their ability that can bring them a good job rather than their appearance. So I think the best way for women to win more rights is to receive good education.5. a._____e ：me, who, I, me/myselff._____j ：each other's, who, us, whom, us, whom, Somek______n ：one's, his, his; his, his6. a. We are all born into this world as equals, but for various reasons, not all of us are treated as equals. This inequality begins when we reach the age of five, for this is when we will enter elementary school. In school, we are no longer “Mommy's little darling.”We now have to proveourselves to the other children and also to our teacher., If we seem.精品文档different from the other students, we are treatred differently, and these differnces could be anything: pants, shoes, speech, religion and so forth. Rigtht from the start, we think that as long as we are different, there is something wrong with us.b. There are those who assume that since I can't see, I obviously cannot hear.Very often people will talk with me at the top ot their lungs, uttering each word very carefully. On the other hand, people will also often whisper, assuming that since my eyes don't work, my ears don't either. For example, when I go to the airport and ask the ticket agent for assistance to the plane, he or she will invariably pick ud the phone, call a ground hostess and whisper:“Hi, Jane, we've got a 76 here.”I have concluded that the word “blind”is not used for one of two reasonsLeither they fear that if the dread word is spoken, the ticket agent'retina will detach, or they are reluctant toinform me of my condition of which I may not have been previously aware.Unit 3 Part V1. a. When I was aggigned a certain task, I did it to my best ability.b. Fog can cause blindness.c. Recently I joined a social club which raises money for the care of needy.精品文档children, and we meet every Wednesday afternoon.d. An essay should be understandable to the reader.e. Many items are expensive at discount stores.f. Bears that have just come out of hibernation are usually hungry and dangerous.g. The author should have shortened the story by half.h. The city's enviromnmentalsurroundings are not the most comfortable.i. I learned certain facts that I believe are vital to every freshman.2. a. simmer: cook food fently at or just below boiling point.saute: fry quickly in a little hot fatbake: cook by using diret heat in an ovenb. Other verbs about cooking include roast, steam, braise, fry,dee-fry, boil, poach, scramble, grill, stew, curry, baste, barbecue.3. a. For dinner we had barbecued steaks and sweet corn.b. Last week my brother John joined an insurance company.c.He is not a friendly and easy-goibg colleague.d. Our view of the sea at sunset was splendid/breathtaking.e. It was a fine day to play outdoors.f. What impressed me most about the city was the hustle and buslte in the streets..精品文档4. There are seize, hurl, choke, blind,m leap, flee, etc.5.a. I admire Jenny's long black glossy hair so much..b.The fearless explorer finally landed at the South Pole.c. Fast driving on a smooth road can be great fun.d. John and I often wrote each other long e-mails full of jokes.e. The pale skinny woman fainted suddenly.6. a. I invited the vistiting professor to the English Club.b. Shooting stars warn us of catastrophe.c. The deleted sentence was unnecessary.d. Stephanie tiptoed up the carpeted steps.e. The students attending the art school are highly active.f. The taped dollar bill split in half.g. Amy was the only winning contestant who was below 10.h. The freshly painted house shone in the sun.7. a. indescribably b. dark c. occasional d. steadily e. surely, bad f. terribly8. a. At his mother's request, he agreed to wait at least a year before getting married.b.Half of the girls in town were in love with Ben, but he wanted to marry Christine only.c. Hohn hopes that in the years to come he can be as successful as his .精品文档father has been.d. The winter of the contest ate almost three soxen frankfurters.e. Debbie knew that chicken when fried always please Ed.f. May could not resist the temptation to whisper in her friend's ear about what she has seen.Unit 4 Part V Follow_Up Exercise1. a. I can see the Central Park frim my window..b. He insisted on seeing the manager, only to anger the saleswoman.c. I has to control my urge to laugh at his predicament.d. We must contimue measuring and assessing children's performance.e. A presidential commission has already investigated the causes of the nuclear accident.f. Mary had to give up the plan to travel as far as Denver, because her money ran out while she was still in Chicago.2. At the sound of a bell, I entered the huge red building along with hundreds of others. Just inside the entrance, a mean-looking old lady was yelling instructions at us. I clutched my lunchbox, and followed a crowd of six-year-olds down a long hallway, up some steps, and down.精品文档another corridor. We were looking for Mrs. Nearing's room. I knew we had reahed our destination when a tall, black-haired woman greeted me loudly. She asked me my name. Then she printed it on a sticky tag, pressed it to my chest. Inside the room I could see several othersix-year-olds, some of them big. Finally Mrs. Nearing closed the classroom door and make a loud bang. A network of wires prevented the small pane of glass near the top from shattering. To my imagination, the wires looked like the bars in a prison. I was back in school.3. As Prime Minister of Britain from 1940-1945, Churchill led his country through Workd War II, but immediately after the war he was voted outofoffice. Later he regained his position as prime minister. After he left that offie in 1955, he enjoyed great popularity for the rest of his life, and when he died in 1965, he was acclaimed as a national hero.4. a. The trees stand nearly barren;their leaves lie on the ground.b. The actor opens the Bible and begins reading the Song of Solomon.c. The Puritans were in some ways severe, but they led lives of deep devotion to what they believed.d. That experience taught me that family ties are the most enduring.e. When their party came back to the camp site, ours had already arrived two hours earlier.f. It seems a long time since we last met.g. Sherry flew home, but her grandfather had already died..精品文档h.I will visit you whenever I get the chance.i. His mother insists that he return now.j. If Siberia were in a warmer region, its population would be larger.k. That bell sounds as though it were cracked.l. It is important that he find a suitable job.5. 1._____10 was attacked , robbed, was taken, released, spent, left, had promised, be, waswalking ,was attacked.11______20 described, took, containing, was (just) turning, occurred, saw, was happening, rushed , ran, warn21_______25 be , walk, had, commented, beUnit 5 Follow-up Exercises1. a. that her cat likes bestb. Who doesn't like the seac. why we hate the writing classd. you bought him as his birthday present.精品文档e.(No relative clause)f. which is a western way to entertain friends and relativeswho prefer the western life styleg. I should ask forh. where he was born 50 years agoI. (No relative clause)j.who was always telling me to be scrupulous2.a. June 19th, 1978 was the day on which Garfied was born..b.Mom's kitchen was the place where Garfield was born.c. Pirate and Masked Avenger are some of the nicknames that his friends give him.d. Taking a long nap is the sport that Garfield kikes most.e. Garfield himself is the person that he likes most.f. Hunger is the pressure that Garfield hates most.g.His glass is the friend that Garfield likes best.h. Italian noodles are the food Garfield likes most.i. Monday is the day that Garfield hates most.j. Hotdog is the “dog”that Garfield likes most.k. Coffee is the drink that Garfield likes most.l.“There have never been Italian noodles that I don't like”is a quotation that Garfield uses.精品文档most often.3.Reference version:But he didn't like the big, deep pond. It was full of strange plants. The water- snails that were supposed to be polite were rude to him, and he was afraid of the ducks that always tried to swallow him. The fish whichhad been described as fine didn't like him, and he was the smallest frog there. He found that he was living a lonely and unhappy life.He sat on a broad water-lily leaf and croaked sadly to himself, “I don't like it here. I think I will go back to my lovely tittle pond tomorrow.”But just at this moment, a hungry heron flew down and swallowed him up for supper.4. a. the old lady's five kittensb. her second marriagec. all her blue French crystal wine cupsd. those two large shining diamond rings of yourse. My three jazz records bought in the States/the three jazz records I bought in the Satesf. half the delicious Ferman chocolate in the cang. some Brazilian footballers playing abroad.精品文档5. Reference VersionSecond, advertisements can improve the reputation ot the company. More and more companies have knoen that advertisements can hilpthem, so they make use of advertisements. If everyone knows their products, the products will be very famous. More people will buy them and the company can get more money. If the products are really good, many people will use them and then this company will become famous. Therefore, advertisements can help the company get better reputation .答案Unit Six Follow-up Exercises1. a. missing, describing the boyb. (No descriptive participle in this sentence)c. holding , describing the magiciand.(No descriptive participle in this sentence)e. sleeping, describing shef. living, describing everybody.精品文档g.(No descriptive participle in this sentence)i. knowing, describing Ij. (No descriptive participle in this sentence)2.Excerpt Aa. bringing (describing a 23-year-old Korean woman) to 15 the death tollb. staying (describing a 47-year-old American man) in the southern port of BusanExcerpt Ba. with doors locked(describing doors) and windows barred (describing windows)b. turning (describing cafes) them into fire trapsc. aging (describing students) about 18 or 19Excerpt Cd. responding(describing 7,000 people) to a major surveye. released (describing the survey) at the international Aids conference in Barcelona.精品文档Excerpt Df. affecting (describing heavy downpours) more than 15 million peopleg. causing (describing flood) 22 deaths and 15,000 houses to collapse3. A Wolf who had a bone stuck in his throat hired a Crane, for a large sum, to put her head into his mouth and draw out the bone. When the Crane had extracted the bone and demanded the promised payment, theWolf, grinning and grining his teeth, exclaimed, “Why, you have surel already had a sufficient recompense, in having been permitted to draw out your head in safety from the mouth and jaws of a wolf.”4. Important PointsSpiders destroy so many insects, and insects include some of the greatestenemies of the human race.We owe a lot to the birds and beasts who eat insects but all of them put together kill only a fraction of the number destroyed by spiders.Spiders never do the least harm to us or our belongingsThere were more than 2,250,000 spiders in one acre of grass field.Spiders are busy for at least half the year in killing insects.精品文档The weight of all the insects destroyed by spiders in Britain in one year would be greater than the total weight of all the human beings in the country.Reference version (omitted)Unit 71. a.____________e. or; and; and; but; butf._____________j but; and; but; yet/but, so; and2. a. Many children spend a lot of tume watching TV, and (they) like to talk about TV programswhen they meet.b. History repeats itself; historians repeat each other.c. I like beer, but I never drink beer in the morning or when the temperature drops below 5 degrees.d. I looked for the paper in my office, and ( I ) searched for it in my bedroom, but I couldn't find it ..精品文档e. You can not learn to write well unless you really want to write well, ( you) practice a lot, and (you) learn from your own mistakes.f. A money lender serves you in the present tense, lends you in the conditional mood, keeps you in the subjunctive mood, snd ruins you in the future tense.3. Paragraph1: (1)____________(5) either; or; and; or; and Paragraph2: (6)____________(10) and; and; and; and; butUnit 8Part V Follow-Up Exercises1. a. That you have to teach the same textbook year after year doesn't mean that you have to teach it in the same way year after year.b. I doubt that this machine can greatly improve your listening ability within a week.c. Whether the chicken appeared before the egg or the other way round is a question that has puzzled people for a long time.d. They still cannot find out why the professor failed them in the exam..精品文档e. What has been troubling me is whether universities should simply serve as career training places.2. a. The baby wouldn't stop crying unless his mother held him in her arms.b. What I want you to explain is why your wallet is empty now.c. The boy talks as if he were the teacher.d. Whether I should find a job or go on studying for a master's degree is hard to decide.e. I'll also give you the number of his mobile phone in case he isn't in his office.3. a. Although very common about five years ago, beepers have almost disappeared now.b. If having tried harder, you might have persuaded your boss to postpone the deadlines for your project.c. When studying in the States, she used to take every chance to travel.d. If produced on the same assembly line, these products probably have the same quality.e. After working for four hours without stop, Tom appeared exhausted.4. The tired hikers slept for almost ten hours in the trail shelter. Then .精品文档Rick woke up and hurried out of his cot when, looking out of the corner of his eye, he saw a black spider. At this point, his brother Hal woke up with a start and sneezed several times.Because Hal was coming down with a cold, Rick agreed to prepare the breakfas. He first fetched a canteen of orange juice which had cooled overnight from a nearby stream. Next, he strted a fire and set about boiling water for coffee and frying up some bacon and eggs. Meanwhile, Hal, wearing a heavy sweatshirt and gloves, sniffled, sipped some orange juice, and waited by the fire for a cup of coffer. Afer both had eaten, Rich was ready to plan another day's hiking. But Hal was interested only in hiking to the nearby highway, to the bus that could drop him a block from his house.5. For year, students have been using the same methods of cheating on exams. One tried-and-true technique is the casual glance. Pretending to stare thoughtfullly out of the window, peripheral vision will be used to look at another student's paper. Another all-time favorite methos, the pencil or pen drop, requires a helper. Dropping a pen and the diving for it, “Number seventeen”(or the number of some other question ) is whispered. Then, making a similar pen drop, the answer is whispered by the helper. The most elaboraate system, though, is writingup cheat sheets. Tucked up a shirtsleeve, pages of textbook material are condensed into tiny scraps of paper. No matter how smooth a cheater's .精品文档style is , however, the time-tested methods are often ineffective. Having been a student at one time , the same ones are probably familiar to inspector.5. (omitted)Extra Exercisea. John Denver's last album sold nearly five million copies.b. She sat there in her nightgown, waiting for the coffee.c. Duiring the National Day holiday, you can find in every travel agency plans for both short-distance and long-distance trips.d. During the National Day holiday, you may see different styles of celebrations which represent the local culture.e. Packed tightly in a small bag, the clothes are very hard (for me ) to take out.f. (correct)g. When trying to lose weight, you should avoid all types of snacks.h. While I was going in the street, a white car rushed at me.i. At the age of mine, he had already been accepted as talented by many people around him.j. Tired and sleepy, we had no interest in the supper at all..精品文档Unit 9Part V Follow-up Exercises1. Paragraph AAfter years of trial and error, Disney finally found the character he was looking for. This character, called “Mickey Mouse,”was first introduced inthe carton Plane Crazy and later found ultimate fame in Steamboat Willie, the first sound cartoon ever made and a great achievement for Disney, By 1930, after his fame had spread all over the world, Mickey wasestablished as the cinema's most popular cartoon character. Because Mickey was a moralist with a sense of fun, he became a character loved by all ages. In him, Walt Disney reached his peak of success.Paragraph BEnviromental protection will benefit us a lot. First, by making our air purer and water cleaner, we can improve our living condition. As we all know, a healthful living condition is essentila to our work and study. Second, environmental protection does good for the younger generation. It not only improves our children's health, but also teaches our children a.精品文档good attitude toward the environment. Third, environmental protection saves our resources. Since we can recycle used materials instead of throwing them away, we can get more material but produce less waste.2. There is only one child in many families in China, so many parents and grandparents love the child to such an extent that they do not allow them to do anything when think there may be a slight chance of their child getting hurt. May parents escort thir chil to school every morning. Therefore, when the child grows up, he still can't do anything.Look at the picture. The girl wants to learn to ride a bike, but her parents and granparents wouldn't let go. I think these parents should have let the girl ride the bike by herself.It is bad for parents to love their children too much. If they help their children in everything, their children will always be unable to do their own work. When they grow up, these children will find thatthings are totally different in their woeking place.Therefore , parents should let their children do things on their own.3. a. A boy wants something very special from his father.b. A favor may not be a favor at all.c. I do play roles..精品文档Unit 10 Part V Follow-Up Exercise1. a. Mr. Longman has played the cellow for many years, but he now conducts an orchestra.b. The grass was growing wildly, but the crop, unfortunately, was dyinng.c. As I turned around, I heard a loud noise, for the bookshelf had collapsed.d The house was clean, the table set, and the porch light on; everything was ready for the guests' arrival.e. The computer could calculate much faster and better han man;however, it could not think.f. The blizzard continued for a week; subsequently, they began to run out of food.g. In the first place, it was too cold to travel at this time of year; in the second place, we had no money.h. Kunming is my favourite city; in fact, I plan to spend a month there this summer.i. The young couple worked day and night to pay off the loan; at least ,.精品文档they thought they could do it.j. I had to complete the assignment by Friday; otherwise, I would have failed the course.2. a. Nevertheless, I do not want to see him.b. Having decided to reduce weight, she had to give up all of her favorite snacks.c. As the ship turned about, a soxen solphins began to follow it.d. (correct)e. As I have mentioned, the machine breaks down occasionally.f. To give Mary a warm welcome, the family has prepared for a whole week.g. The four boys in the band are John, Calvin, Henry, and Steve.h. (correct)i. (correct)3. a. John decided, nonetheless, not to buy the car.b. Sam, having forgotten to save his work, lost all of his revisions when his computer crashed.c. Did you know that James Lee, the novelist and essayist, was also an art .精品文档critic?d. Charm, the women's fashion magazine, recently incorporated with She,another fashion journal.e. (No revision is needed)f. Oil, which is lighter than water, rises to the surface.g.(No revision is neede)h. My cousin, who is a surgeon, went to America last month.i. Mr. Peterson—later to be nominated for Chairperson of the Small Enterprise Committee—had been charfed with bribery.j. However, Bernard Shaw's main purpose is not to show the tragedy of St. Joan(that is alredy quite evident), but to explain the character ofSt.Joan .k. He requested (actually he pleaded)that his name be withheld.l. There was only one thing to do—study till dawn.4. a. Quotation marks should be used honestly and sparingly, when there is agenuine quotation at hand, and it is necessary to be very rigorous about the words enclosed by the marks. If something is to be quoted, the exact words must be used. If part of it must be left out because of space limitations, it is good manners to insert three dots to indicate the omission, but it is unethical to do this if it means connecting two thoughts which the original author did not intend to have tied together..精品文档b. The old man was thrown into confusion. One eye? How am I to know? He tried to recall what his wife Zeinab looked like, with her long gown and black headdress, the veil, and sometimes the black covering enveloping her face and sometimes removed and lying on her neck. He could picture her as she walked and sat, chewing a morsel and then taking it out of her mouth so as to plae it in that of her first-born. Her children. One eye. How am I to know? He could picture her stretchedout on the bed, her eyes closed. The old man was in confusion and foundhimself saying,“When I call her she will know my voice.”The nurse soubted whether he was in fact visiting his wife; however, giving him another glance, she laughed at her suspicions and asked him, “How long have the two of you been married?”Again he was confused as he said, “Allah knows best—thirty, forty years…”.。