省略、插入语和反意疑问句

初中英语中的“反意疑问句”作者：李凤琴来源：《杂文月刊·教育世界》2016年第10期反义疑问句是疑问句的一种，它对陈述部分的事实提出相反的疑问，形式上是一个省略问句，附加在陈述句后，即：陈述句+逗号+省略问句+问号。

英语中的反意疑问句是学生学习的难点和重点，也是中考的难点和重点。

它的内容多而复杂，识记困难，运用不便，解题时常觉得无从下手。

因此，为了便于学生更好地掌握运用反意疑问句的要领，我这里以“归纳法”对其进行说明，并且举例，以便学生识记与运用。

反意疑问句的规则是“前肯后否，前否后肯”，就是说若前边句子是肯定句，简短反问句就用否定形式加上人称；若前边句子是否定句，后面的简短反问句就用肯定形式加上人称。

另外，反问句是由前后两部分构成，若前句是肯定句，后面的反问句就是系动词/助动词/情态动词等+not+人称；反之，去掉not就可以了。

此外还应注意前后人称必须保持一致，名词必须换成代词。

一、含系动词的反意疑问句系动词一般包括am， is， are， was， were等。

若前边句子含系动词，那么反问句也用和前边一致的系动词。

例如：He is a worker，isn’t he？They are not teachers， are they？但也有个特殊情况，如“I am a worker”这个句子的反问句不能用成“am not I”，而是“aren’t I”。

还有“there be”句式亦需要注意，例如：There is a watch on the desk，isn’t there？There will be a meeting tomorrow，won’t there？另外还有一种情况是主语为不定代词又含有系动词的反意疑问句，通常若主语是人，反问句人称用they或he，例如：Everyone was here ，wasn’t he /weren’t they？若主语是物，则人称一律用it，例如：Everything is ready，isn’t it？二、暗含助动词的反意疑问句常见助动词的分类如下：1.一般现在时的助动词是do或does；2.一般过去时的助动词是did；3.一般将来时的助动词是will或shall；4.现在完成时的助动词是have或has。

反义疑问句用法总结一.反意疑问句的定义反意疑问句（The Disjunctive Questions ）是疑问句的一种，它对陈述部分的事实提出相反的疑问，形式上是个省略句，附在陈述部分之后，并用逗号与陈述部分隔开（主语一般用相应的代词；有时这种问句并没有反意疑问句的意味，而是提出一个事实上听话人承认的问题。

所以，人们统称为附加疑问句（Tag Questions ）。

附加疑问句主要是由“陈述句 + 附加疑问”构成，附加疑问部分的动词一般要与陈述部分的动词相对应，附加疑问部分的主语要与陈述部分的主语相对应，如果陈述部分的主语是名词词组，则附加疑问部分用相应的代词表示。

二.附加疑问句的类型附加疑问句的类型为：陈述句 + 反意附加疑问。

该类型又可以分为以下两种情况阐述：①当陈述句为肯定式时，附加疑问句用否定形式，即肯定的陈述句+否定的附加疑问句。

It's very hot today, isn't it ? Yes, it is . 今天天气很热，是不是？是的，很热。

That clock is slow ,isn't it? Yes, it is. 这钟是缓慢的，不是吗？是的，它是。

You want to get your TV set back , don't you ? Yes , I do. 你想您的电视机回来，不是吗？是的，我是这样想的。

②当陈述句用否定式时，附加疑问句用肯定形式，即否定的陈述句+肯定的附加疑问句。

It isn't very hot today, is it ? 今天不是很热，是吗？ That clock isn't slow ,is it ? 这钟不是缓慢的，是吗？注意这一类型的附加疑问句的回答，不管问题的提法如何，若事实是肯定的，就要用yes，事实是否定的，就要用no，这与汉语不一样，应特别注意。

She isn't a teacher , is she? 她不是教师，是吗？Yes , she is. 不，她是。

（完整版）反意疑问句的用法归纳反意疑问句：由两部分构成，前一部分是对事物的陈述(即陈述句)，后一部分是简短的提问(即省略的一般疑问句)。

1. 前部分肯定，后部分否定。

2. 前部分否定，后部分肯定。

陈述句疑问句尾is /was are/were There be can will have 表示“有”或在 has 完成时中当助 had 动词 have 表示“有”或 has 当实义动词 had isn't/ wasn't aren't /weren't be there can't won't haven't hasn't hadn't don't doesn't didn'tHe is/ was a student, isn't /wasn't he? They are/ were here, aren't /weren't they? There is a book on the desk, isn't there? He can speak English, can't he? They will wait for you, won't they? They have a room, haven't they? He hasn't cleaned his room, hasn't he? You had a dog last year, hadn't you? They have a class meeting , don't they? He has breakfast at home, doesn't he? The girl had a good time, didn't she?have /has /had todon't/doesn't/didn'tYou have to stay at home, don't you?had better 行为动词的一般现在时一般过去时No,not,nothing,never, hardly,few,little,seldom 祈使句let us let's 含有 un-,in,im,il,ir,dis 否定前缀或否定后缀 less 构成的派生词 must be 表推测 must 表必须 mustn't 表禁止 can't 表推测hadn't/shouldn't don't doesn't didn't 用肯定形式will/won't/would you will/won't you shall we 用否定形式aren't/isn't+主语 needn't must 跟 can't 后的动词一致We'd better go now, hadn't/shouldn't we? They like playing football, don't they? He likes music, doesn't he? The woman bought a book, didn't she? He has hardly done his homework, has he? Please turn it on, will/won't/would you? Let us help him, will/won't you Let's have a rest, shall we? She dislikes it, doesn't she? You are unhappy, aren't you? You are hopeless, aren't you? He must be happy, isn't he ? You must do it today, needn't you? You mustn't talk like that, must you? He can't be a doctor, is he?I am 主从复合句 I think/believe/guess/ suppose+宾语从句并列句 used toaren't /ain't I; am I not I am your friend, aren't I一般跟主句一致He said she had been there, didn't he?动词和主语跟从句一 I think he'll come to help us, won't he? 致，用肯定还是否定 I don't think he is clever, is he? 根据主句来确定与邻近的分句一致Mary is here, but she was here just now, wasn't she?usedn't/didn'tHe used to be a teacher, usedn't/didn't he?5陈述句主语疑问句尾主语例句this, thatitThis is your brother, isn't it?These, thosetheyThese are not books, are they?oneone, heOne can't be always young, can one/he?something, anythingitNothing is serious, is it?everything, nothingEverything seems all right, doesn't it?everybody, everyoneEveryone knows this, don't they/doesn't he?somebody, someoneNobody likes to lose money, does he?anybody, anyonethey ,heNo one came , did they?nobody, no one,noneeither, neithereach ofthey ,heEach of the boys had an apple, didn't he /they?some(none) ofIt 或 they ,you None of the food was delicious, was it?Some of the men have come back, haven't they?or, and , neither…nor, either…or, both…and 复数代词Neither you nor I am wrong, are we? Both Tom and Jack came, didn't they?not only… but also not...but 等连接的并列主语不定式，动名词，从句或词组 the+ 形容词表示一类人 there 引起的句子it 复数代词 thereTo learn English well isn't easy, is it? Swimming is great fun,isn't it? The poor had no right to speak at that time, did they? There stands a house and a lot of trees, doesn't一、选择填空they? 6.--That's wrong, isn't it? -- ______1.Jim is a driver,_____?A. Yes, it is.B. Yes, it isn't.A. does heB. doesn't heC. is heD. isn't heC. No, it is.D. Yes, it was.2.You have a sports meeting every year,___? 7. Let's take a short rest, ______?A. have youB. do youA. do weB. aren't weC. haven't youD. don't youC. will youD. shall we3. He has never watched such an important8. Five-year-old children are too young to gomatch , _____ he?to school, ________ they?A. hasn'tB. hasC. isD. isn'tA. areB. aren'tC. wereD. have4.They have to work at once,______ they?9. Hundreds of people lost their lives in theA. haveB. haven'tC. doD. don'taccident,_______ they?5. She often feels tired,______ she?A. don'tB. didn'tC. doD. didA. doesn'tB. doesC. isD. isn't10.There isn't any bread on the table, ______?6A. isn't thereB. is thereC. has thereD. is it11. Mr King can not speak Chinese,____ he?A.doesn'tB. doesC. can'tD. can12. Lily didn't come to school, did she?____. She was ill in bed.A.No ,she didB. Yes , she did.C. No ,she didn't.D. Yes ,she didn't13.--She isn't a teacher, is she?--_____. She works in a hospital.A.No ,she isB. Yes , she is.C. No ,she isn't.D. Yes ,she isn't14.Lily looks like Lucy,_______?A. is LilyB. isn't sheC. does LillyD. doesn't she15.Tom often has lunch at school,_____?A. doesn't TomB. doesn't heC. does TomD. doesn't he16. Your family has no colour TV___it?A. hasn'tB. doesn'tC.isD. has17.You could hardly believe what he had said, _____ you?A. couldB. couldn'tC. canD. were18. --You don't smoke, do you?--______.A. Yes, I don'tB. No, I doC. No, I don'tD. Yes, I am.二、完成下列反意疑问句.1.You are late, ________ __________?2.He is on time,_________ _________?3.They were in the classroom just now，________ _________?4.She was ten years old last year_________________?5. They are going hiking next Sunday，________ _________?6.That cat is running up the tree.7.Ann is going to help me with my English8 There is some water in the bottle,___________________?9.There are many soldiers over there, _______ __________?10.He can skate, __________ ___________? 11.My parents can play chess,_____ ______? 12. They will work on the farm，________ _________? 13. My parents will visit my grandparents next Monday，________ _________? 14. They have written nine books since 1995，________ _________? 15, The woman has already found her son. ，________ _________? 16. They have three balls,_______ ______? 17. Jack has two sister,________ _______? 18.They have six classes every day，________ _________? 19.Tom has lunch at home,_____ _________?20.The students had a good time last Sunday,___________ ____________? 21. We have to finish it,______ ________? 22. The workers had to take the first bus, ________ _________? 23. You had better stay at home today, _________ __________? 24.We clean our classroom every day， ________ _________? 25. He watches TV on Saturday evening，________ _________? 26. The boys often play football on the playground，________ _________? 27.The singerswent to H.K yesterday， ________ _________? 28.They studied hard last year,________ _________? 29.They planted many trees last month，________ _________? 30.This pen is yours,_________ __________? 31.That was a wonderful film,______ _____?32.Everything is ready, ________ ________? 33.There is nothing wrong with the radio,___734.He did little homework yesterday, _______ __________?35.You'd like some coffee,______ ______? 36.Let's have a rest, _______ ____________? 37.Let us read the text, ________ ________?38.Don't read in bed, _________ _________? 39. Stop laughing,_______ __________? 40. He has to go there at eight,______ _____? 41.He has never been to Beijing, _____ ____? 42.She can hardly speak,_______ ________? 43.Few people know her here______ _____? 44.His mother was unhappy when she heard the news, _____ _______? 45.She dislikes watching football match____ ______? 46.He used to swim in the river,____ _____? 47.I think your brother is right, ____ ______?48. I don't think he will go there,____ _____?选择疑问句选择疑问句说话人对问题提出两个或两个以上的选项，让对方选择回答。

反义疑问句It looks like rain, doesn’t it?He doesn’t need to work so late, does he?This is a dictionary, isn’t it?Those are shelves, aren’t they?There once was a man named Saint Nicholas, wasn’t there?I am very interested in learning English, aren’t I?4）陈述句的主语是动词不定式，动词的-ing形式或从句时，疑问部分的主语多用it来体现。

如：Taking care of our environment is very important, isn’t it?What he said is right, isn’t it?5）陈述句中含有not, no, hardly, neither, never, few, little, too …to等否定词或具有否定意义的词时，疑问部分常用肯定形式。

如：Few people knew the news, did they?Tom has never been to England , has he?She is unhappy, isn’t she?No one knows him, do they?Someone is waiting for you, isn’t he?Nobody says a word about the accident, do they?Everything seems all right, doesn’t it?7）陈述句是主从复合句时，如果主句的谓语动词是think, believe, expect, feel, guess等词，且主语是第一人称I或we时，反意疑问部分的人称、时态与宾语从句保持一致，同时还要考虑到否定的转移（否定前移）。

语法知识：省略、倒装和插入语（人教版高三英语下册教学论文）语法知识：省略、倒装和插入语I.省略为了使讲话和行文简洁，句中某些成分有时可以省略。

省略可分为以下几种情况：（一）简单句中的省略1、省略主语(1)祈使句中的主语通常被省略。

如：(I)Beg your pardon.(请再说一遍。

--括号内为省略的词语，下同)(2)其它省略主语多限于少数现成的说法。

如：①（I）Thank you for your help.②（I）See you tomorrow.③（It）Doesn’t matter.2、省略主谓语或主谓语的一部分。

如：①（There is）No smoking.(禁止吸烟。

)②(Is there)Anything else?(还有其它事吗？)③(You come)This way,please.(请这边走。

)④(Will you)Have a smoke?(吸支烟？)⑤What(do you think)about a cup of tea?(来杯茶怎么样？)⑥Why(do you)not say hello to him?(为何不向他问好呢？)3、省略宾语（1）省略宾语的全部。

如：①---Do you know Miss Gao? -----I don’t know (her).②----Which of the two is the better choice?----Well,it’s hard to tell (it).(2)在一定的语境中，在某些动词（如want,wish,hope,like,love 等）之后，可省略作宾语的不定式短语，只保留to。

如：①-----Are you going there?-----I’d like to (go there).②He didn’t give me the chance,though he had promised to (give me the chance).如果该宾语是be动词或是动词的完成时态，则须在to之后加be 或have。

专题十一_倒装句、省略句、强调句、插入语、反意疑问句2010届高三二轮复习专题十一倒装句、省略句、强调句、插入语、反意疑问句【考纲展现】高考试题每年都要涉及此类句法知识，这些特殊的句型结构，每年单项填空题都会出现1—2道。

考纲要求对这些句型结构的往往是以测试它们中的特殊结构为主，例如倒装句中否定副词位于句首；as引导让步状语从句的倒装；省略if 的虚拟条件句等。

反义疑问句往往要求掌握前肯后否，前否后肯的基本用法以及反义疑问句的简易回答，掌握祈使句、主从复合句、表示猜测的句式的反义疑问句，把握反义疑问句前后时态和人称的一致特点。

按照考纲要求，考生应能够恰当地使用词语和强调句式对表达的内容进行强调，近几年的高考试题主要考查考生对谓语动词的强调的理解和强调句型的灵活使用，考查复合句中的强调句式；考生应掌握英语省略的一些基本原则，在行文中正确地使用省略；而近几年的高考试题主要考查定语从句、宾语从句、状语从句、简单句中和交际语境中的省略；依据不同语境能正确使用插入语，分析近几年的高考题多以考查短语的形式，在交际用语中或句中进行辨析。

【真题评析】(2009年各地高考真题汇编解析)1 Not until I came home last night ________ to bed.A. Mum did goB. did Mum goC. went MumD. Mum went【答案】B【解析】考查倒装语序的用法。

not until 位于句首时要用半倒装的句型，把助动词did提到主语Mum的前面。

所以答案为：B2. So sudden ________that the enemy had no time to escape.A. did the attackB. the attack didC. was the attackD. the attack was【答案】C【解析】本题考查倒装，so ..that.., such ..that..的句子结构中，若so, such 和与其所修饰的词置于句首，实行部分倒装，又因为sudden是形容词，作表语，所以选C。

高考英语一轮复习语法部分第14讲省略、插入语与反义疑问句精品学案新人教版在英语中，有时为了避免结构上或内容上的重复，并使上下文紧密连接；有时因为语法的客观要求，句子中的一个或几个成分不需要表达出来，这种现象称为省略。

省略有词法上的省略，也有句法上的省略，还有一种替代省略。

省略部分的成分和含义可从上下文或具体语言环境中找到而且是有章可循的。

【省略的类型】一、简单句中的省略【翻译句子】(1)好久不见了！ Havent seen you for ages! (省略主语)(2)你要什么东西吗？(Is there)Anything you want? (省略谓语)(3)我不知道他是谁。

I dont know (who he is)、(省略宾语)(4)你有墨水吗？(Have you)Got any ink? (省略主语和谓语或谓语的一部分，只剩下表语、宾语、状语或其他成分)【结论1】有些简单句中可以省略主语、谓语、宾语或主语和谓语。

二、并列句中的省略【翻译句子】(5)他教英语，他弟弟教数学。

H e teaches English and his brother maths、【结论】在并列句中，如果后面的分句与前面的分句有相同的部分，这一部分则常被省略掉，以免重复。

三、复合句中的省略1、在含有状语从句的复合句中【翻译句子】(6)当被问到她是谁的时候，她一句话也没说。

W hen (she was)asked, she didnt answer a word、【结论1】在含有状语从句的复合句中，若从句的主句是it或与主句的主语相同，且在谓语中含有be时，常省略从句的主语和be。

【疑难1】Should it rain tomorrow, we would have to put off the visit till next week、要是明天下雨的话，我们将不得不将访问推迟到下个礼拜。

【疑难剖析1】虚拟条件句中，含had, were, should时，若将它们提到句首，则需省略if。

反义疑问句的用法归纳反义疑问句是一种特殊的疑问句，由一个陈述句和一个附加的简短疑问句组成，用于询问对方对陈述句所述情况的确认。

反义疑问句通常用于日常对话中，特别是在需要对方确认或同意的情况下。

以下是反义疑问句的用法归纳：一、反义疑问句的结构反义疑问句由两部分组成：陈述句和附加的疑问句。

陈述句通常是一个简单句，表示某种事实或观点。

附加的疑问句通常是一个简短的不带疑问词的句子，其形式和时态与陈述句保持一致。

例如：- You are a teacher, aren't you?- She is going to the party, isn't she?二、反义疑问句的语气反义疑问句的语气通常是非正式的，常用于口语交流中。

它带有询问对方意见的语气，期待对方对陈述句的内容进行确认或补充。

三、反义疑问句的用途1. 确认信息：询问对方对陈述句所述情况的确认，以获取更多信息。

2. 寻求同意：询问对方对陈述句所述情况的看法，以寻求对方的同意或支持。

3. 表示惊讶：对陈述句所述情况表示惊讶，并通过反义疑问句寻求对方的确认。

四、反义疑问句的回答反义疑问句的回答通常有以下几种形式：1. 肯定回答：表示同意陈述句所述情况，例如："Yes, I am." 或"Yes, she is."2. 否定回答：表示不同意陈述句所述情况，例如："No, I'm not." 或"No, she isn't."3. 不知道回答：表示不知道陈述句所述情况，例如："I don't know."4. 转移话题回答：不直接回答反义疑问句，而是转移话题，例如："That's interesting. Have you ever been there?"五、反义疑问句的注意事项1. 保持陈述句和疑问句的一致性：在时态、语态、主语等方面，陈述句和疑问句要保持一致。

反义疑问句的用法1．陈述部分肯定式+疑问部分否定式2．陈述部分否定式+疑问部分肯定式They work hare, don’t they?He can’t ride a bike, can he?一、反意疑问句的一般情况1．当陈述部分的主语是：等everyone, everybody, someone, no one, nobody, none, somebody 合成代词时，附加疑问句的主语用they或he.Everyone here knows him well, don’t they\ doesn’t he?2．当陈述部分以one不定代词做主语时，附加问句的主语在正式常场用one，非正式场合用he。

One can’t be careful enough, can he?\ can one?3．当陈述部分的主语是不定式、动名词、从句、this或that，附加疑问句的主语用it。

（是those, these则用they）This isn’t a fast train, isn’t it?What you want to do is to finish your work before she comes, isn’t it?4．当陈述部分的主语是表示物的不定代词everything, anything, nothing等，附加问句的主语用it。

Nothing could make him interested in politics, could it?5．陈述部分带有否定词或半否定词，例如：never, hardly, scarcely, seldom, no, none, no one, rarely, nowhere, nothing, nobody, few, little等，附加疑问句的动词要用肯定形式。

You have never been to America, have you?6．如果陈述部分中的否定词仅带有否定的前缀或后缀，那么该陈述句应作肯定句处理，附加疑问句应用否定形式。