北理珠2019英语专业step by step听力入门3000第一册U6听力原文及答案

必修一Unit 3 Topic Talk课题UNIT 3 CELEBRA TIONSPeriod 1 Topic Talk学科英语班级授课教师主题语境人与社会内容分析Topic Talk包括两篇听力对话材料，第一篇呈现了两个朋友对中秋节的探讨，包括庆祝的时间和活动；第二篇说话者两人提前计划给Jenny一个生日惊喜的故事。

情境符合学生认知需求，贴近生活实际，也呈现了本单元的主要话题——节日和特殊场合。

作为本单元的起始课，起到了激活主题相关背景知识的作用，并为本单元后面的教学内容做了话题、词汇以及思维的铺垫。

教学目标By the end of this section, students will be able to:1. grasp the meaning of celebrations and special occasions by listing some festivals and special occasions;2. listen to two dialogues about celebrations;3. talk about their favourite festivals or occasions with their partners;4. write a short paragraph about a traditional Chinese festival to a foreign friend;5. discuss some quotes and their relation to festivals.教学重点1. 引导学生通过举例掌握“celebrations”和“special occasions”的含义；2. 引导学生听两段有关庆祝的对话；3. 引导学生和同伴谈论他们最喜欢的节日或场合。

教学难点1. 引导学生用所学知识，写一篇短文，向一位外国朋友介绍一个中国的传统节日；2. 引导学生谈论有关节日的引言。

英语听力入门3000第一册答案本文档格式为WORD,感谢你的阅读。

最新最全的学术论文期刊文献年终总结年终报告工作总结个人总结述职报告实习报告单位总结演讲稿英语听力入门3000第一册答案以下是小编为大家整理的英语听力入门3000第一册答案，希望对大家有所帮助!Unit 1 Part I A1. Oxford / commitment / academic record2. oldest/ largest / reputation / research / science3. first / Australia / 150 years / excels4. excellence / 17.000 / location5. largest / 1883 / situated / 26,0006. 1636 / enrollment / 18,500/ schools7. awards / degrees / 20,000 8. located / 135 / third1. 2,700 languages / 7,000 dialects / regional / pronunciation2. official / language3. One billion / 20 percent4. Four hundred million / first / 600 million / second / foreign5. 500,000 words / Eighty percent / other6. Eighty percent / computers7. African country / same8. 1,000 / Africa9. spaceship / 1977 / 55 / message / the United StatesC 1ndash; (a) 2ndash; ( c) 3ndash; ( d) 4ndash; (b )All right, class. Today we”re going to be looking at different language learning styles. You may be surprised to find that there are different ways of going about learning languages, none of which is necessarily better than the others. Researchers have identified four basic learner ―types‖ndash; the communicative learner, the analytical learner, the authority-oriented learner and the concrete learner. Communicative learners like to learn by watching and listening to native speakers. At home, they like to learn by watching TV and videos. Theylike to learn new words by hearing them. In class, they like to learn by having conversations. Now,concrete learners like to lean by playing games, by looking at pictures and videos in class, talking in pairs, and by listening to cassettes at home and school. Now, authority-oriented learners, on the other hand, like the teacher to explain everything. Theylike to write everything down in their notebook, and they like to have a textbook. They like to learn new words by seeing them. And finally, we have analytical learners. These learners like to learn by studying grammar. At home, they like to learn by studying English books, and they like to study by themselves. They like to find their own mistakes. Now, of course, it”s unusual for a person to be exclusivelyone ―type‖ rather than another. Most of us are mixtures of styles. What type of learner do you think you are?Part II A3GCSE examinations students / higher educationstudent/ second year / high school / college general exam / School Certificatesitting University Entrance Examinationbachelor”s degree: 3/ 4 yearsmaster”s degree: another year or two doctorate: a further 3-7 yearsWell, in Britain, from the ages of five to about eleven you start off at a primary school, and then from eleven to sixteen you go on to a secondary school or a comprehensive school and at sixteen you take GCSE examinations. After this, some children take vocational courses or even start work. Others stay on at school for another two years to take A levels. And at the age of eighteen, after A levels, they might finish their education or go on to a course of higher education at a college or university, and that”s usually for three years.Well, it depends on what state you”re in but most kids in the United States start school at about six when they go to elementary school and that goes from the first grade up to the sixth grade. Somekids go to a kindergarten the year before that. Then they go on to junior high school, that”s about eleven, and that”s the seventh, eighth and ninth grades. And then they go on to senior high school around age fourteen starting in the tenth grade and finishing in the twelfth grade usually. Some students will leave school at sixteen and they”ll start work, but most of them stay on to graduate from high school at age eighteen. In the first year at high school or college students are called ―freshmen‖, in the second they”re called ―sophomores‖, in the third year we call them ―juniors‖ and in the fourth year they”re called ―seniors‖. Now a lot of high school graduates then go to college or university and they doa four-year first degree course. Some of them might go to junior college which is a two-year course.Well, in Australia, well most states anyway, children start their primary education at five after perhaps a brief time in kindergarten. They will stayat primary school until they”re about eleven, then they”ll either stay there or go to an intermediate school for a couple of years. Then they start high school usually twelve or thirteen, which you start in the third form. Now, after three years at high school you sit a general exam, some states call it School Certificate and that is a sort of generalqualification and that if a sort of general qualification. After that you can leave school at sixteen or you can go on and sit your University Entrance Examination, which then gives you entr eacute;e into a university or it”s another useful qualification, and from then on you go to varioussorts of higher education.Education in Canada is a provincial responsibility, but schools are administered by local school boards.Kindergarten is for children who are four or five years old. Children begin formal full-day schooling in Grade 1, when they are about six years old. They must stay in school at least until they are sixteen. However, most students continue to finish high school.Some go to college or university. Each year of schooling represents one grade. (The school year extends from the beginning of September to the end of June.) Elementary school includes kindergarten to about Grade 8. Secondary school (or high school) may start in Grade 8, 9, or 10 and it usually continues until Grade 12.In Canada, students may go to university or to a community college. If they want to learn skills for specific job, they attend college for one or four years to get a diploma or certificate. For example, lab technicians, child-care workers, and hotel managers go to college. Universities offer degree programs as well as training professions, such as law, medicine, and teaching.Universities offer three main levels of degrees. Students earn a bachelor”s degree after three or four years of study. A master”s degree can take another year or two. A doctorate may take a further three to seven years to complete.B1 Idioms / vocabulary / French / spelling / pronunciationB2 1. F 2. T 3. Fndash; Interviewer Pndash; ProfessorI: And now we have an interview with Professor J. T. Lingo, Professor of Linguistics at Chimo University, who is here to talk to us about the growing businessof teaching English. Good morning, professor Lingo.P: Good morning.I: I understand that teaching English isbecoming ―big business‖ all around the world.P: It seems that language schools are springing up everywhere.I: Why is that?P: With the move toward a global economy, English has become the most widely used language in the world. It is the language of business, aviation, science and international affairs and people find that they must learn English to compete in those fields.I: And do people find English an easy language to learn?P: Well, every language has something about itthat other people find difficult to learn. English is such a hodgepodge of different languagesndash; it”s essentially Germanic but a lot of its vocabulary comes from French, and technical words stem from Latin and Greek. This feature makes Englishfairly adaptablendash; which is a good thing for a world language ndash; but it causes irregularity in spelling and pronunciation.I: English spelling baffles me, too.P: English also has the largest vocabulary. Often there are words for the same thing, one is Anglo-Saxon and one from the Frenchndash; like ―buy‖ which is Anglo-Saxonand ―purchase‖ which is from the French. The French word often has more prestige.I: Anglo-Saxon?P: That”s the word for Old English. The Norman Conquest in 1066 brought the French language toBritain and helped English evolve into the English it is today.I: Is there anything else particularly difficult about English?P: Well, the idioms in informal English pose a problem for some students.I: Informal English?P: As with any language, there are different varieties: slang, colloquial. Formal, written, as well as the different dialectsndash; British, American and Canadian English.I: And how is Canadian English different from American and British?P: Canadian English is closer to American in pronunciation and idiom. Some of our words and our spellings do reflect British usage, however. We wouldn”t use the British term ―lorry‖ for truck, but we have kept the ―o-u-r‖ spellings in words such as ―honour‖ and ―colour‖.I: This has been very interesting. I”m afraid we”re out of time. It has been a pleasure talking to you.Part III University Life A1 I. Age / Foreign student population II. 15 hrs (+2 or 3 for lab) / Discussion group: 15-20 / much smaller / informal, friendly / 2-3 hrs: 1 hrToday I”d like to give you some idea about how life at an American university or college might be different from the way it is in your country. To be sure, the student body on a U. S. campus is a pretty diverse group of people. First of all, you will find students of all ages. Although most students start college at around the age of 18, you will see students in their 30s and 40s and even occasionally in their60s and 70s. Students on a U.S. campus come from a wide variety of socioeconomic backgrounds. Manystudents work at least part-time, some of them workfull-time. Many students live in dormitories on campus, some have their own apartments usually with other students, and others live at home. Some colleges and universities have a very diverse student population with many racial and ethnic minorities. Some schools have a fairly large foreign student population. So you can see that one meets all kinds of people on a U.S. college or university campus. Now that you have some general idea of differences in the student population, I”d like to talk a few minutes about what I think an average student is and then discuss with you what a typical class might be like.Let”s begin my talking about an average student entering his or her freshman year. Of course, such a person never really exists, but still it”s convenient to talk about an ―average‖ student for ourpurposes. Foreign students are often surprised at how poorly prepared American students are when they enter a university. Actually, at very select schools the students are usually very well prepared, but at less selective schools, they may not be as well prepared as students in your country are. Schools in the States simply admit a lot more students than is usual in most other countries. Also, most young American university students have not traveled inother countries and are not very well-versed ininternational matters and do not know a lot about people from other countries. Foreign students usually find them friendly but not very well-informed about their countries or cultures.What kind of academic experiences will this so-called ―average‖ student have? The average undergraduate student takes five classes a semester and is in class for 15 hours a week. If her or she takes a class that has a laboratory, this will require tow or three more hours. Many introductory undergraduate classes are given in large lectures of 100 or more students. However, many of these classes will have small discussion groups of 15 to 20 students that meet once a week. In these smaller groups, a teaching assistant will lead a discussion to help classify points in the lectures. Other kinds of classesndash; for example, language classesndash; will be much smaller so that students can practice language. In general, American professors are informal and friendly with their students, and, as much as possible, they expect and invite participation in the form of discussion. A large amount of reading and other work is often assigned to be done outside class, and students are expected to take full responsibility for completing these assignments and asking questions in class about those areas theydon”t und erstand. As a rule of thumb, students spend two to three hours preparing for each hour they spend in class. American professors often encourage theirstudents to visit them during office hours, especially if the students are having problems in the class.A2 II. Examinations / quizzesIII. Graduate school / Seminars / some area of interest / a research paperLet”s move on now to discuss student obligations in a typical American class. These obligations are usually set down in the course syllabus. A syllabus is generally handed out to students on the first or second class meeting. A good syllabus will give students a course outline that mentions all the topics to be covered in class. It will also contain all the assignments and the dates they should be completed by. An average university course of one semester might have three examinations or two examinations and a paper. The dates of the examinations and what the examinations will cover should be on the syllabus. If a paper id required, the date it is due should also be in the syllabus. The professor may also decide that he or she will be giving quizzes during the semester, either announced or unannounced. For students coming from a system where there is one examination in each subject at the end of the year, all this testing can be a little surprising at first. By the by, maybe this would be a good place for me to mention the issue of attendance. Another real difference in our system is out attendance policies. Perhaps you come from a system where attendance is optional. Generallyspeaking, American professors expect regular attendance and may even grade you down if you are absent a lot. All this information should be on your syllabus, along with the professor”s office numberand office hours.I have only a couple of hours left, and I”d like to use them to talk about how graduate school is somewhat different from undergraduate school. Of course, it”s much more difficult to enter graduate school, and most students are highly qualified andhigh motivated. Students in graduate school are expected to do much more independent work than thosein undergraduate schools, withregularly scheduled exams, etc. some classes will be conducted as seminars. In a seminar class, there may be no exams, butstudents are expected to read rather widely on topics and be prepared for thorough discussion of them in class. Another possibility in graduate classes is that in addition to readings done by all students, each student may also be expected to work independently in some area of interest and later make a presentationthat summarizes what her or she has learned. Usually each student then goes on to write a paper on what he or she has researched to turn in to the professor for a grade.I hope that today”s lecture has given you some idea about student life on an American campus and that you have noticed some difference between our systemand yours.B2 to make mistakes / every new thing / the language/ Working outside the classroomPassive / the teach / stick his neck out / more likely to be right than himselfHow would you describe a good student or a bad student, sort of things they do or don”t do in the classroom?He”s eager to experiment with every new thingthat he learns, whether it be a structure of afunction or a new word, he immediately starts trying to use it.He”s interested in the mistakes he makes, he”s not afraid to make them.He”s not simply interested in having it corrected and moving on?He plays with language.I”ve done this chapter I know this, withouttrying to experiment at all, without really testing himself.He”s usually passive, he won”t speak up much in the classroom. He”ll rarely ask you why this ----- Just sort of accepts what you give him and doesn”t do anything more with it.----- and in a test he”s the one person who”s likely to suddenly realize that he wasn”t too sure about that after all.And peep over at his neighbor”s paper.An alternative learning strategy.He invariably decides that the other person is more likely to be right than himself. That”s theresult of this sort of unwillingness to make mistakes and stick his neck out.That characterizes the good or bad learner?He”ll do more off his own bat as well, he won”t rely entirely on the teacher.He”ll work outside the classroom as well as in it.Students who make most progress are first of all those who experiment and secondly those who read books.Part IV University Campus A2. the History Department3. the Psychology Department4. the Library5. the Education Department6. the Philosophy Department7. the Geography Department8. the Sports Ground 9. the Foreign Languages Department 10. the Chinese Department11. the Physics Department 12. the Mathematics Department 13. the Chemistry Department14. the Clinic 15. the Auditorium 16. the Administration BuildingLook at the map. At the bottom of the page, fine the gate (1). Now locate 16. It is between the river and the lake, close to the Main Road. The building behind the Ad ministration is 15. Where is 4? It”s on the right-hand side of the Main Road, close to the river. Across the Main road from the Library, the building by the river is 5. The first building on the left-hand side of the Main Road is7. 6 is between the Education and the Geography. The building at the end of the Main Road is 12.on its left is 11 and on its right, near the lake, is 13. Another building behind the like is 14. 10 is facing the lake, across the Main Road. The building between the Chinese Department and the river is 9. 2is the first building on the right of the Main Road. Next to the History Department is 3. And last, 8 is behind the Education, Philosophy and Geography Departments.B Robert Martin / biology / next fall / six yearsin a public school in the hometown; two years in a military school, high school in the hometown / science (biology in particular), sportsSo I had to earn a little money to help pay my way.It sounds as if you”re a pretty responsible fellow. I see that you attended two grade schools. I don”t find a transcript among your papers.But it”s hard to keep up with both sports and studies.I”ll hold your application until we get the transcript.What did your guidance counselor tell you?He told me I had a real knack for scientific things. I have been fascinated with science since I was a child. An interest of that kind really signifies something.Unit 2 Colorful lands, colorful people16,998,000 / 64,186,300/ 840,000 / 1,000,000 /3,320,000 / 143,244 / 32,483 / 2,966,000 / 5,105,700 / 29,028 / -1,312 / 5,315 / 36,198 / 4,145 /The biggest continent in the world is Asia. It covers 16,998,000 square miles.The Pacific Ocean is the largest ocean with64,186,300 square miles.Which is the biggest island? It”s Greenland. It occupies an area of 840,000 square miles.The Arabia Peninsula is the largest peninsula and has an area of 1, 000,000 square miles.Do you know which is the largest desert? Yes,it”s the Sahara Desert in North Africa. It c overs3,320,000 square miles.The biggest saltwater lake is the Caspian Sea, which is 143,244 square miles large.Lake Superior is the biggest fresh water lake and it covers a total area of 32,483 square miles.The smallest continent is Oceania, with an area of 2,966,000 square miles, and the smallest ocean is the Arctic Ocean with 5,105,700 square miles.You all know the world”s highest peak, don”t you? Mt. Qomolangma (or Mt. Everest) is 29,028 feet above sea level. In contrast, the lowest altitude in the world is the Dead Sea, 1,312 feet below sea level, or you can say -1,312 feet.The deepest lake is Baykal in Russia. The depth is 5,315 feet.Mariana Trench near the Philippines is the deepest oceanic trench, with a depth of 36, 198 feet. The longest river in the world is the Nile in Africa. Itis 4, 145 miles long.1,243,738,000 / 955,220,000 / 267,901,000 /199,867,000 / 159,884,000 / 147,105,000 / 138,150,000 / 125,638,000 / 122,013,000 / 118,369,000 / 96,400,000 / 82,071,0001. The country with the largest population in the world is China. According to the 1997 census,the total population was 1,243,738,000.2. The second largest in population is India. It listed a population of 955,220,000 in 1997.3. And the third largest is the United States,with its estimated population of 267,901,000 in1997.4. Which country is the fourth largest in population? It”s Indonesia. About 199,867,000 peoplelive there.8. Brazil ranks the fifth in its population. There the population was 159,884,000. Next comes the Russian Federation, with a population of 147,105,000. The seventh in line is Pakistan, with an estimated population of 138,150,000. Japan is the country with the eighth largest population. Its population estimated in 1997reached 125,638,000.9. The next larges country in population is Bangladesh. The estimated population was122,013,000 in 1997.10. Nigeria in Africa ranks the tenth in its population. There are about 118,369,000 people livingthere.11. The eleventh? Mexico. According to statistics, its population was 96, 400, 000 in 1997.12. And last, the twelfth larges is Germany. Its 1997 census showed it had a population of82,071,000.Chinese 1,300 million / Spanish 332 million/English 322 million / 189 million / 182 million / 170 million / Russian 170 million / Japanese 125 million / German 98 million / 75.5 million / Korean 75 million / French 72 million / Vietnamese 67 million / 66 million / 64 million / 63 million / Turkish 59 million / 58 million / 44 million / Polish 44 million / Arabic 42.5 million / 41 millionDo you know which languages are spoken by more than 40 million people?Chinese has the largest number of speakers, more than 1,300 million. Next, Spanish is spoken by 332 million people. The next on the line is English, which has more than 322 million speakers. Number 4, Bengali is spoken by 189 million people. Next comes Hindi, the language spoken chiefly in India, which has 182million speakers. Portuguese and Russian are next on the line and they are both spoken by 170 million people. Number 8, Japanese is spoken by 125 million. Next, German has 98 million speakers, while Javanese has 75.5 million. We have Korean on the list with 75 million, and it is followed by French, which is spoken by 72 million. Number 13, Vietnamese is spoken by 67 million and Telugu is spoken by 66 million. Next, wehave Marathi on the list and it has 64 million speakers. Marathi is followed by Tamil, with 63million speakers. Next comes Turkish, the language spoken in Turkey, and it has 59 million speakers. Number 18, Urdu is spoken by 58 million people. Gujarati has 44 million speakers, and Polish is also spoken by 44 million people. Number 21, which 42.5 million people speak, is Arabic and last, the number of people who speak Ukrainian is 41 million.Part II1. A baby boy2. social/ ecological/ populations3. longer/ healthierA baby boy born in Bosnia-Herzegovina overnight has officially been named the world”s six billionth inhabitant.Although several other babies are likely to have been born at the same time elsewhere in the world, the United Nations had declared that the first child to be delivered at the Kosovo Hospital in Sarajevo today would symbolize the passing of the mark.The U Secretary General is visiting the mother and her son as a UN attempt to draw attention to thesocial and ecological problems of rapidly expanding populationsThe boy who came into the world a short time agoin Bosnia to such international acclaim willbe sharing a birthday with a few hundred thousand people and in the next year another eighty millionwill be joining him on the planet. The earth”s population has doubled since 1960 and with more than a billion young people just entering their productive years. The population growth has plenty of momentum. But birth control programs are beginning to have an impact. Demographers predict that by the middle of the new century the global count will level off at something under ten billion. The UN population agency has presented today”s achievement as a success for humanity, pointing out that people are living longer and healthier lives than any generation in the history.B b c aThe boy will be sharing a birthday with a few hundred thousand people and in the next year, another eighty million will be joining him on the planet.The earth”s population has doubled since 1960 and with more than a billion young people just entering their productive years.Demographers predict that by the middle of the new century, the global count will level off at something under ten billion.Part III Awater/ 70% red or brown/ plant cover snow/ continents islands arms of the ocean connecting a channel valleys plainsB 12 million / 2/ 10 million/ 10/ 3/ 6/ 4/16 million/ 18 million1. Mexico City2. Sao Paulo3. Rio de Janeiro4. Bombay5. Delhi6. Shanghia7. SeoulI-Interview E-ExpertI: In Britain we are often told that people are leaving the big cities to live in the countryside but is this the case worldwide?E: Not at all. If you look at the biggest citiesin 1950, seven out of the top ten were in the developed countries but by the year 2000, the developing countries will have eight out of the top ten. New York, which in 1950 was number one with a population of around 12 million, will only be thesixth largest city in the world but with an extra 2 million.I: And London?E: London, which was number two, won”t even be in the top ten. Its population in 1950, by the way, was about 10 million.I: And why is this happening? Why are people moving to the big cities from the country in the developing countries?E: The reasons are complex but many are moving to look for work. And the problems this creates are enormous. It”s estimated that 26 million people will be living in Mexico City by the year 2000, with Sao Paulo in Brazil not far behind.I: It”s difficult to believe.E: I know. Rio de Janeiro will have a populationof a mere 13 million. Well, just imagine the kinds of difficulties this is going to cause in terms of health, transport and education.I: Yes. What about the cities of Asia? Will theybe experiencing a similar sort of growth?E: In some cases, yes. Calcutta in India which was No. 10 in the league in 1950 is expected to be thefourth biggest city in the world with a population of 16 million- quadrupling its size in just 50 years. Bombay and Delhi too are expected to be in the top ten.I: What about Japan?E: Ah! Well, Tokyo was number three in 1950 and that”s where it”ll be at the beginning of the nextcentury, although its population will have trebled to about 18 million. Looking at the other major cities in Asia, Shanghai and Seoul will be in the top ten as well but, perhaps surprisingly, not Beijing or Hong Kong.I: Now, if we could turn our attention to home, what about the trend of people moving out of thecities-----Part IV skills /the mainidea/what/recognize/central / important/direction/ purpose/inform/compare/answer/stated/a topic sentence/ first/ details/ difficult/ persuade/ end/ implied/ hinted at/a wholeUnit 3 Traveling from Place to Place Part Ⅰ ABA912/11:20/17 BA877/11:20/14 BA292/11:25/19TW695/11:30/16 4 EA831/11:35/24BA838/9 IB290/11:35/15 LH039/11:40/9BA666/11:40/18 AI141/6 BA560/22 Last call for British。

P3Oxford牛津大学Cambridge 剑桥大学the University of Sydney悉尼大学the University of Victoria 维多利亚大学the University of Auckland新西兰奥克兰大学Harvard University哈佛大学Columbia University哥伦比亚大学Boston University 波士顿大学commitment责任undertake承担innovation改革，创造excel突出，擅长cosmopolitan世界性的，周游世界的人stimulating刺激性的enrollment招生人数P4languages语言dialects方言official language官方语言disc磁盘Somalia索马里P5language learning styles语言学习风格communicative语言交际能力的analytical分析性的authority-oriented权威导向性的concrete具体的identity身份P6primary school 小学secondary school中学（英式）high school中学（美式）higher education高等教育college大学universitycomprehensive school综合学校GCSE examination英国普通中灯教育证书考试A level高级水平sophomore大二学生provincial省的，一级行政区的school board学校董事会diploma文凭certificate证书P7widely used广泛使用difficult 困难的hodgepodge综合体irregularity不规则，无规律largest vocabulary最多词汇量idioms习语varieties不同种类linguistics语言学Spring up突然出现aviation航空hodgepodge混合物stem from基于baffle使困惑prestige威信evolve进化pose产生slang俚语P9life生活American University美国大学student body学生群undergraduate school本科学校graduate school研究生院minority少数民族well-versed知识渊博的rule of thumb经验判断seminar研讨会P11experiment实验play with the language玩弄语言testing试验passive消极的unwillingness to make mistakes不情愿犯错rely on依赖read阅读peep偷看invariably一贯地stick one’s neck out有冒险行为off one’s own bat独自P12administration行政部门Auditorium大礼堂Clinic校医院mathematics数学chemistry化学physics物理学library图书馆history历史Chinese语文education教育philosophy哲学geography地理foreign languages外语sports ground运动场pshchology心理学auditorium礼堂P13application申请表university大学transcript成绩单major in主修counselor辅导员knack技能，本领P17peninsula半岛altitude海拔trench海沟Greenland格林兰岛the Sahara Desert撒哈拉沙漠the Caspian Sea里海Lake Superior苏必利尔湖Mt. Qomolangma(Mr. Everest) 珠穆朗玛峰Baykal贝加尔湖Mariana Trench马里亚纳海沟the Nile尼罗河P18country国家population人口census人口统计estimate预估rank排名federation联邦statistics统计数据Indonesia印度尼西亚Pakistan巴基斯坦Bangladesh孟加拉国Nigeria尼日利亚speaker发言人language语言Bengali孟加拉语Hindi印地语Portuguese葡萄牙语Javanese爪哇语Korean韩语Vietnamese越南语Telugu泰卢固语Marathi马拉塔语Tamil泰米尔语Urdu乌尔都语Gujarati古吉拉特语Ukrainian乌克兰语P20baby boy婴儿Bosnia-Herzegovina波斯尼亚和黑塞哥维那the world's six billionth inhabitant世界第60亿居民social and ecological problems 社会和生态问题birth control计划生育global count全局计数humanity人类overnight一夜之间inhabitant居民deliver发表，接生symbolize标志ecological生态的acclaim称誉某人momentum动能势头impact巨大影响demography人口统计学predict预测count计数level off趋势平稳agency机构Bosnia-Herzegovina波斯尼亚黑塞哥维那the United Nations联合国Kosovo科索沃Sarajevo萨拉热窝the UN Secretary General联合国秘书长P22earth地球water水land area大陆bare光秃秃的gulf海湾bay（海或湖）湾isthmus地峡plateau高原canyon峡谷plain平原P23the biggest cities最大的城市the top ten前十名developed countries发达国家developing countries发展中国家complex复杂的enormous巨大的mere稀有的in terms of就......而言quadruple四倍treble三倍Sao Paulo圣保罗Rio de Janeiro里约热内卢Calcutta孟加拉语Bombay孟买Delhi德里Seoul汉城P29call登机flight航班passenger乘客depart出发board上船、飞机、火车等depart起程，出发due规定shuttle来往于两地之间的航班(或班车、火车)check in进房Albania阿尔巴尼亚Frankfurt法兰克福Karachi卡拉奇Edinburgh爱丁堡Nairobi内罗毕Madrid马德里Hamburg汉堡Muscat马斯科特Kuala Lumpur吉隆坡Dublin都柏林P30chief steward乘务长buffet car自助餐车on sale大售卖steward乘务员buffet自助餐toast干杯ham火腿cress水芹licensed有营业许可的P31journey旅行plane飞机jet travel乘飞机旅行train火车marvellous极好的Victoria维多利亚Plymouth普利茅斯P32Villa Rentals别墅租赁holiday villa度假村bedroom卧室bathroom浴室kitchen厨房sitting-room客厅terrace阳台car小汽车video录像片rent租fishing village渔村villa别墅facilities设备grand豪华的inclusive包容的advert广告whereabouts所在地convertible敞篷车divan矮长沙发agency代理机构Naples那不勒斯Metro巴黎地铁Renault雷诺Ford Fiesta福特嘉年华the Mediterranean地中海Minorca班诺卡Gatwick盖特威克P34-35to excel in在.....表现优异off one’s own bat靠自己to have a knack for偏向于the 2nd(3rd,4th...)largest in population人口第二、三、四...大...ranks 1st (2nd ,3rd ...)in its population（GDP）人口排名第一、二、三......大The population is/was ...人口数量是......with a population of人口数量是The population reached人口到达(A language) has ... speakers（一种语言有）......人讲(A language) is spoken by ... people（一种语言）有......人讲...symbolize the passing of the mark象征着跨越重要关口passengers for/on ...flight ...to... ...... 的乘客飞往......due to depart即将出发check in登机检票be situated坐落于P39gift礼物luck运气symbol象征even甚至set放置Argentina阿根廷P41greet见面traditional传统的friends朋友hug拥抱firm紧紧的holiday假日celebration庆祝observe庆祝feast节日in honor of纪念commemorate纪念celebrate庆祝P42seasonal季节性的affection情感的anonymously匿名地lunar月亮unsuspecting未察觉的victim受害者annual每年的tradesman商人staff员工patroness支持者spinster老姑娘missionary传教士patron saint守护圣人movable灵活的the Canal Zone运河区Philippine Islands菲律宾群岛Saint Catherine圣凯瑟琳节Saint Patrick圣帕特里克节P43museum博物馆visit拜访reproduction复制品audience观众appearance外貌guided tour有导游的观光旅游educational service教育服务children’s department儿童部privileged有特权的vacationer度假者metropolitan大都市reproduction再生品stegosaurus剑龙architecture建筑represent代表lifestyle生活方式Stockholm斯德哥尔摩P44amusing娱乐的confuse困惑understand明白French法语canoe独木舟squid鱿鱼deposit存款P45trip旅行Brazil巴西street vendors街头摊贩unusual things不寻常事情fortune-teller算命先生eating吃France法国performer表演者portrait肖像vendor小贩specialty特长P47busy繁忙的summer夏天winter冬天mountainous多山的crowded拥挤的humid潮湿的compact小型的Osaka大坂P48sign标志gesture手势approval赞成disapproval反对positive积极的nagative消极的nonverbal非言语的obscene下流的offence冒犯smack打巴掌suck吮吸index finger食指thumb大拇指fingertip指尖tilt倾斜screw螺丝钉poke戳twist弯曲utter说palm手掌pucker皱起toss扔irritating惹人生气的brush-off漠视，不理睬P51do business做生意tip小贴士nationality国籍punctual准时的contact联络人designer clothes名牌服装casual随意的title标题business card名片deal协议chaos混乱career职业P57email message电子邮件信息addresses地址Queen Elizabeth II伊丽莎白二世Jimmy Carter吉米·卡特email accounts电子邮件账户hoax骗术crash电脑崩溃coordinate协调account账户Maine美国缅因州P58information superhighway信息高速公路shorthand速记法abbreviations缩写techie技师zoom激增decode解码standby替代品make the rounds网络上流传Tim Berners-Lee蒂姆·伯纳斯-李World Wide Web互联网primitive原始的P60connection连接systems系统broadcasting广播television电视computers电脑relations关系costly昂贵的P62wire线dormitories集体宿舍high-speed Internet access互联网接口a top priority优先考虑的事情merger公司兼并pipeline渠道envision想象priority优先权meager不足的budget开支fraction一小部分bulk大部分toll收费mow down破坏simultaneously同时地antiquated老式的P63future未来everywhere任何地方experimenting anarchy无政府状态实验asset资产threat恐吓vague模糊的clerical秘书工作Internet World Trade Show互联网世贸展networked individualism网络个人主义social networks社交网络electronic interaction电子相互作用interact与......交流contradict矛盾flesh-and-blood骨肉相连hermit头盔make-believe虚构flicker点亮的child-rearing抚养孩子P71the “first”第一Olympic奥运会hemisphere半球Melbourne墨尔本Munich慕尼黑the most popular sport最受欢迎运动different meanings不同含义measure措施the number of people人口数量P74neighbors邻居football match足球比赛fans粉丝trouble麻烦large crowds大批人affectionate关爱的aggressive好斗的，挑衅的knock out淘汰smash打杂monster怪物terrace大型体育看台rugby英式橄榄球Wimbledon(伦敦郊区)温布尔登(网球场) P75sport运动goodwill亲善大使competitive有竞争性的win赢mimic warfare模拟战争attitude态度cricket板球inclination趋势orgy狂欢deduce推理utmost最多的patriotism爱国主义disgrace尽失颜面combative好斗的instinct才能mimic模仿warfare战争spectator观众absurd荒谬的at any rate在任何情况下virtue美德P77Paralympics残奥会sports competition运动比赛physical or mental limitations身体或精神残疾disabilities残疾spinal cord脊髓wheelchair轮椅scuba diving潜水yoga瑜伽visual interpreter视译员。

英语听力入门3000第一册答案（28）英语听力入门3000第一册答案C.1. 93,000,0002. 97,000,000/ 133,000,0003. 1.5 %, 16%4. 100,000,0005. 210, 000,000,000/ 5.1%6. 17,500,0007. 1.3% 8. 9.5%, 0.1%, 10,500,0009. 27,000,000,000 10. 0.6%Part II A1. large forces/ national or international level2. unemployment and inflation/ job creation3. too high/ demands in the present/ growth and investment in the futureB1. letting inflation increase/ higher inflation2. a very high savings rateTape script:Edmund Phelps has been awarded this year’s Nobel Prize for Economics. Mr. Phelps is a professor of economics at Columbia University in New York City. The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences honored Mr. Phelps for his work in macroeconomics. That is the study of large forcesthat affect economies at the national or international level.Mr. Phelps correctly identified the relationship between unemployment and inflation. Since the 1930s, policymakers in many nations dealt with unemployment in the same way. They would let inflation increase to create jobs.For example, they would make credit easier to get. As a result, people would buy more goods. Business would hire workers tomeet growing demand, forcing prices up. For many years, policymakers accepted that reducing unemployment required higher inflation.Mr. Phelps found that inflation did temporarily increase employment. But he discovered that, over the long term, inflation hurt job creation. His ideas were proved by economic conditions in America in the 1970s. That period was known for ―stagflation having high unemployment and high inflation at the same time.‖Edmund Phelps also found that if employers expect low inflation in the future, they are more likely to hire workers.Today, economic policy experts believe the best way to create job is to fight inflation.Mr. Phelps also studied national savings over long periods of time. Common sense suggests that a very high savings rate is best. But, Mr. Phelps showed that national savings rates can be too high. He argued that saving too much limited demand in the present, which could slow growth. The best savings rate is not so high that it limits demand in the present. And it is not so low that it limits growth and investment in the future. Still, he argued that governments should take action to raise national savings.Edmund Phelps did much of his research in macroeconomics during the late 1960s and early 1970s. His work continues to influence economists. And it has helped change policy at central banks, which now consider fighting inflation a main goal.Part III A.1. noisy place/ bell/ lighted messages/ computers/ talk on the telephone/ shout/ run around2. experts/ salespeople/ buy & sell shares of companies3. shares4. a list of stocks sold on the New York Stock Exchange5. prices/ go down6. prices/ go up7. a company that does not earn enough profit8. a sharp increase in the value of a stock/ something wonderful that happens unexpectedlyB.1. in 1837 in a newspaper in Illinois2. old story/ sold the skin of a bear/ before caught it3. a long connection/ bulls and bears/ in sports/ popular years ago/ England4. fish/ turn over on their backs/ die5. England/ centuries ago/ poor people/ banned/ cutting trees/ the wind blew down the tree/ take for fuelTape script:Today we tell about some American expressions that are commonly used in business.Bell sound, lighted messages appear, men and women work at computers, they talk on the telephone, at times they shout and run around. This noisy place is a stock exchange. Here experts, salespeople called brokers, buy and sell shares of companies. The shares are known as stocks. People who own stock in a company own part of that company. People pay brokers to buy and sell stocks for them. If a company earns money, its stock increases in value. If the company does not earn money, the stock decreases in value. Brokers and investors carefully watch for any changes on the big board. That is the name given to a list of stocks sold on the New York Stock Exchanges. The first written use of the word with that meaning was in a newspaper in Illinois in 1837. It said, ―The sales on the board were $ 1,700 in American gold.‖ Investors and brokers watch the big board to see if the stockmarket is a bull market or a bear market. In a bear market, prices go down. In a bull market, prices go up. Investors in a bear market promise to sell a stock in the future at a set price, but the investor does not own the stock yet. He or she waits to buy it when the price ducks. The meaning of a bear market is thought to come from an old story about a man who sold the skin of a bear before he caught the bear. An English dictionary of the 1660s said, ―To sell a bear is to sell what one has not.‖ Word experts dispute the begi nning of the word ―bull‖ in the stock market. But some say it came from a long connection of the two animals bulls and bears in sports that were popular years ago in England. Investors are always concerned about the possibility of a company failing. In the modern world, a company that does not earn enough profit is said to go belly up. A company that goes belly up dies like a fish. Fish turn over on their backs when they die. So they’re stomach or belly up. Stock market investors do not want that to happen to a company. They want a company whose stock they own to earn more profit that expected. This would sharply increase the value of the stock. Investors are hoping for a windfall. The word ―windfall‖ comes from England of centuries ago. There poor people were banned from cutting trees in forests owned by rich landowners. But if the wind blew down a tree, the poor person could take the tree for fuel. So a windfall is something wonderful that happens unexpectedly.下载文档。

Item three America’s national road system makes it possible to drive coast to coast. From the Atlantic Ocean in the east to the Pacific Ocean in the west is a distance of more than 4,000 kilometers. Or you could drive more than two thousand kilometers and go from the Canadian border south to the Mexican border. The highway system has made it possible for people to work in a city and live outside it. And it has made it possible for people to travel easily and quickly from one part of thecountry to another. Item four The way you look at someone conveys important cultural messages. Without your even knowing it, your gaze speaks volumes. ―The eyes are the window of the soul,‖ according to the old sayings. Staring is acceptable in some cultures but not in others. A wink can mean a compliment or an insult, depending on the cultures. A direct gaze can be a sign of honesty or an indication of disrespect and rudeness, according to the culture that surrounds the gazer. The way a person gazes thus expresses a strong message-but this message can be easily misunderstood if cultural norms are not shared. Item five This time of the year Americans spend lots of time shopping for holiday gifts for their family members and friends. Many people visit a lot of stores in large shopping centers to buy their gifts. Others order goods by telephone from catalogues, the magazines that offer company’s products. And many are doing their holiday shopping on the Internet. Industry experts say American business should have about 184,000 million dollars in sales during November and December. 63% of people who use the Internet say they expect to buy at least some gifts there. Item six IOC stands for International Olympic Committee, which governs the Olympics in general. It was founded in Paris on 23 June 1894. Its headquarters are in the Swiss city of Lausanne. Its official languages are English and French. IOC members come from five different continents-Africa, America, Asia, Europe and Oceania. They choose Olympic cities six years in advance. All the Olympic movement’s rules are contained in a book called The Olympic Charter. There is an Olympic Museum and Studies Center in Lausanne. It contains posters, documents, medals, books, photos, paintings, films and sculptures. Item seven There are far too many road accidents in this country, too many deaths and too many people injured. One wonders who most to blame, drivers or pedestrians. Some people say that the blame can not be put fairly without considering the state of the roads and the whole transport system. On the other hand, many experts are convinced that the larger part of the blame for the death toll must be put on persons and persons alone. To be fair, pedestrians, drivers and road conditions are all to blame. One looks forward to the day when the motor-car has been replaced by some less dangerous means of transport. Item eight Petroleum has been important since ancient times. In Latin, the name means ―rock oil.‖ Petroleum is a fossil fuel. The liquid comes from the remains of plants and animals that died millions of years ago. These remains were buried deep below levels of rock over time and under great pressure. This geological process created complex molecules of hydrogen and carbon. Oil can also contain other elements. Crude oil, or unprocessed petroleum, is called sour when it contains a lot of sulfur, an impurity. Sour crude requires more refining than sweet crude, which is often more valuable. Item nine In September of 2000, world leaders set eight goals for bringing millions of people out of poverty. These became known as the United Nations millennium development goals. Among them: cut in half the number of people living on less than one dollar a day and halt the spread of AIDS and malaria. The goals also include improving survival rates for pregnant women and young children, and educating all children. Working for equality between women and men and dealing with environmental needs like safe water also are included. The target date for reaching the goals is 2015. Item ten One way to think about time is to imagine a world without time. There could be no movement, because time and movement cannot be separated. A world without time could exist only as long as there were no changes. For time and change are linked. We know that time has passed when something changes. In the real world-the world with time-changes never stop. Some changes happen only once in a while, like an eclipse of the moon. Others happen repeatedly, like the rising and setting of the sun. Humans always have noted natural events that repeat themselves. When people began to countsuch events, they began to measure time. Item eleven The World Future Society has published a special report about forces changing the world. One of them is population growth. The report says the world is expected to have more than nine thousand million people by the middle of this century. Population growth in many industrial nations, however, is expected to drop. But medical progress helps their people to live longer lives. International migration is also shaping the future. The report says there is some resistance, but also growing acceptance of cultural differences. The world economy is also becoming more integrated. On the issue of energy, the use of oil is expected to reach 110 million barrels a day by 2020.。

Unit 1 Part I A1. Oxford / commitment / academic record2. oldest/ largest / reputation / research / science3. first / Australia / 150 years / excels4. excellence / 17.000 / location5. largest / 1883 / situated / 26,0006. 1636 / enrollment / 18,500/ schools7. awards / degrees / 20,000 8. located / 135 / thirdB1.2,700 languages / 7,000 dialects / regional / pronunciation2.official / language3.One billion / 20 percent4.Four hundred million / first / 600 million / second / foreign5.500,000 words / Eighty percent / other6.Eighty percent / computers7.African country / same8.1,000 / Africa9.spaceship / 1977 / 55 / message / the United StatesC 1 – (a) 2 – ( c) 3 – ( d) 4 – (b )All right, class. Today we’re going to be looking at different language learning styles. You may be surprised to find that there are different ways of going about learning languages, none of which is necessarily better than the others. Researchers have identified four basic learner “types”–the communicative learner, the analytical learner, the authority-oriented learner and the concrete learner. Communicative learners like to learn by watching and listening to native speakers. At home, they like to learn by watching TV and videos. They like to learn new words by hearing them. In class, they like to learn by having conversations. Now, concrete learners like to lean by playing games, by looking at pictures and videos in class, talking in pairs, and by listening to cassettes at home and school. Now, authority-oriented learners, on the other hand, like the teacher to explain everything. They like to write everything down in their notebook, and they like to have a textbook. They like to learn new words by seeing them. And finally, we have analytical learners. These learners like to learn by studying grammar. At home, they like to learn by studying English books, and they like to study by themselves. They like to find their own mistakes. Now, of course, it’s unusual for a person to be exclusively one “type” rather than another. Most of us are mixtures of styles. What type of learner do you think you are?Part II A3GCSE examinations students / higher educationstudent/ second year / high school / collegegeneral exam / School Certificatesitting University Entrance Examinationbachelor’s degree: 3/ 4 yearsmaster’s degree: another year or two doctorate: a further 3-7 yearsWell, in Britain, from the ages of five to about eleven you start off at a primary school, and then from eleven to sixteen you go on to a secondary school or a comprehensive school and at sixteen you take GCSE examinations. After this, some children take vocational courses or even start work. Others stay on at school for another two years to take A levels. And at the age of eighteen, after A levels, they might finish their education or go on to a course of higher education at a college or university, and that’s usually for three years.Well, it depends on what state you’re in but most kids in the United States start school at about six when they go to elementary school and that goes from the first grade up to the sixth grade. Somekids go to a kindergarten the year before that. Then they go on to junior high school, that’s about eleven, and that’s the seventh, eighth and ninth grades. And then they go on to senior high school around age fourteen starting in the tenth grade and finishing in the twelfth grade usually. Some students will leave school at sixteen and they’ll start work, but most of them stay on to graduate from high school at age eighteen. In the first year at high school or college students are called “freshmen”, in the second they’re called “sophomores”, in the third year we call them “juniors”and in the fourth year they’re called “seniors”. Now a lot of high school graduates then go to college or university and they do a four-year first degree course. Some of them might go to junior college which is a two-year course.Well, in Australia, well most states anyway, children start their primary education at five after perhaps a brief time in kindergarten. They will stay at primary school until they’re about eleven, then they’ll either stay there or go to an intermediate school for a couple of years. Then they start high school usually twelve or thirteen, which you start in the third form. Now, after three years at high school you sit a general exam, some states call it School Certificate and that is a sort of general qualification and that if a sort of general qualification. After that you can leave school at sixteen or you can go on and sit your University Entrance Examination, which then gives you entrée into a university or it’s another useful qualification, and from then on you go to various sorts of higher education.Education in Canada is a provincial responsibility, but schools are administered by local school boards.Kindergarten is for children who are four or five years old. Children begin formal full-day schooling in Grade 1, when they are about six years old. They must stay in school at least until they are sixteen. However, most students continue to finish high school. Some go to college or university. Each year of schooling represents one grade. (The school year extends from the beginning of September to the end of June.) Elementary school includes kindergarten to about Grade 8. Secondary school (or high school) may start in Grade 8, 9, or 10 and it usually continues until Grade 12.In Canada, students may go to university or to a community college. If they want to learn skills for specific job, they attend college for one or four years to get a diploma or certificate. For example, lab technicians, child-care workers, and hotel managers go to college. Universities offer degree programs as well as training professions, such as law, medicine, and teaching.Universities offer three main levels of degrees. Students earn a bachelor’s degree after three or four years of study. A master’s degree can take another year or two. A doctorate may take a further three to seven years to complete.B1 Idioms / vocabulary / French / spelling / pronunciationB2 1. F 2. T 3. FI – Interviewer P – ProfessorI: And now we have an interview with Professor J. T. Lingo, Professor of Linguistics at ChimoUniversity, who is here to talk to us about the growing business of teaching English. Good morning, professor Lingo.P: Good morning.I: I understand that teaching English is becoming “big business” all around the world.P: It seems that language schools are springing up everywhere.I: Why is that?P: With the move toward a global economy, English has become the most widely used language in the world. It is the language of business, aviation, science and international affairs and people find that they must learn English to compete in those fields.I: And do people find English an easy language to learn?P: Well, every language has something about it that other people find difficult to learn. English is such a hodgepodge of different languages–it’s essentially Germanic but a lot of its vocabulary comes from French, and technical words stem from Latin and Greek. This feature makes English fairly adaptable – which is a good thing for a world language– but it causes irregularity in spelling and pronunciation.I: English spelling baffles me, too.P: English also has the largest vocabulary. Often there are words for the same thing, one is Anglo-Saxon and one from the French – like “buy” which is Anglo-Saxon and “purchase” which is from the French. The French word often has more prestige.I: Anglo-Saxon?P: That’s the word for Old English. The Norman Conquest in 1066 brought the French language to Britain and helped English evolve into the English it is today.I: Is there anything else particularly difficult about English?P: Well, the idioms in informal English pose a problem for some students.I: Informal English?P: As with any language, there are different varieties: slang, colloquial. Formal, written, as well as the different dialects – British, American and Canadian English.I: And how is Canadian English different from American and British?P: Canadian English is closer to American in pronunciation and idiom. Some of our words and our spellings do reflect British usage, however. We wouldn’t use the British term “lorry” for truck, but we have kept the “o-u-r” spellings in words such as “honour” and “colour”.I: This has been very interesting. I’m afraid we’re out of time. It has been a pleasure talking to you.PartIIIUniversity Life A1 I. Age / Foreign student population II. 15 hrs (+2 or 3 for lab) / Discussion group: 15-20 / much smaller / informal, friendly / 2-3 hrs: 1 hrToday I’d like to give you some idea about how life at an American university or college might be different from the way it is in your country. To be sure, the student body on a U. S. campus is a pretty diverse group of people. First of all, you will find students of all ages. Although most students start college at around the age of 18, you will see students in their 30s and 40s and even occasionally in their 60s and 70s. Students on a U.S. campus come from a wide variety of socioeconomic backgrounds. Many students work at least part-time, some of them work full-time. Many students live in dormitories on campus, some have their own apartments usually with other students, and others live at home. Some colleges and universities have a very diverse student population with many racial and ethnic minorities. Some schools have a fairly large foreign student population. So you can see that one meets all kinds of people on a U.S. college or university campus. Now that you have some general idea of differences in the student population, I’d like to talk a few minutes about what I think an average student is and then discuss with you what a typical class might be like.Let’s begin my talking about an average student entering his or her freshman year. Of course, such a person never really exists, but still it’s convenient to talk about an “average”student for ourpurposes. Foreign students are often surprised at how poorly prepared American students are when they enter a university. Actually, at very select schools the students are usually very well prepared, but at less selective schools, they may not be as well prepared as students in your country are. Schools in the States simply admit a lot more students than is usual in most other countries. Also, most young American university students have not traveled in other countries and are not very well-versed in international matters and do not know a lot about people from other countries. Foreign students usually find them friendly but not very well-informed about their countries or cultures.What kind of academic experiences will this so-called “average”student have? The average undergraduate student takes five classes a semester and is in class for 15 hours a week. If her or she takes a class that has a laboratory, this will require tow or three more hours. Many introductory undergraduate classes are given in large lectures of 100 or more students. However, many of these classes will have small discussion groups of 15 to 20 students that meet once a week. In these smaller groups, a teaching assistant will lead a discussion to help classify points in the lectures. Other kinds of classes – for example, language classes – will be much smaller so that students can practice language. In general, American professors are informal and friendly with their students, and, as much as possible, they expect and invite participation in the form of discussion. A large amount of reading and other work is often assigned to be done outside class, and students are expected to take full responsibility for completing these assignments and asking questions in class about those areas they don’t understand. As a rule of thumb, students spend two to three hours preparing for each hour they spend in class. American professors often encourage their students to visit them during office hours, especially if the students are having problems in the class.A2 II. Examinations / quizzesIII. Graduate school / Seminars / some area of interest / a research paperLet’s move on now to discuss student obligations in a typical American class. These obligations are usually set down in the course syllabus. A syllabus is generally handed out to students on the first or second class meeting. A good syllabus will give students a course outline that mentions all the topics to be covered in class. It will also contain all the assignments and the dates they should be completed by. An average university course of one semester might have three examinations or two examinations and a paper. The dates of the examinations and what the examinations will cover should be on the syllabus. If a paper id required, the date it is due should also be in the syllabus. The professor may also decide that he or she will be giving quizzes during the semester, either announced or unannounced. For students coming from a system where there is one examination in each subject at the end of the year, all this testing can be a little surprising at first. By the by, maybe this would be a good place for me to mention the issue of attendance. Another real difference in our system is out attendance policies. Perhaps you come from a system where attendance is optional. Generally speaking, American professors expect regular attendance and may even grade you down if you are absent a lot. All this information should be on your syllabus, along with the professor’s office number and office hours.I have only a couple of hours left, and I’d like to use them to talk about how graduate school is somewhat different from undergraduate school. Of course, it’s much more difficult to enter graduate school, and most students are highly qualified and high motivated. Students in graduate school are expected to do much more independent work than those in undergraduate schools, withregularly scheduled exams, etc. some classes will be conducted as seminars. In a seminar class, there may be no exams, but students are expected to read rather widely on topics and be prepared for thorough discussion of them in class. Another possibility in graduate classes is that in addition to readings done by all students, each student may also be expected to work independently in some area of interest and later make a presentation that summarizes what her or she has learned. Usually each student then goes on to write a paper on what he or she has researched to turn in to the professor for a grade.I hope that today’s lecture has given you some idea about student life on an American campus and that you have noticed some difference between our system and yours.B2 to make mistakes / every new thing / the language/ Working outside the classroomPassive / the teach / stick his neck out / more likely to be right than himselfHow would you describe a good student or a bad student, sort of things they do or don’t do in the classroom?He’s eager to experiment with every new thing that he learns, whether it be a structure of a function or a new word, he immediately starts trying to use it.He’s interested in the mistakes he makes, he’s not afraid to make them.He’s not simply interested in having it corrected and moving on?He plays with language.I’ve done this chapter I know this, without trying to experiment at all, without really testing himself.He’s usually passive, he won’t speak up much in the classroom. He’ll rarely ask you why this …Just sort of accepts what you give him and doesn’t do anything more with it.… and in a test he’s the one person who’s likely to suddenly realize that he wasn’t too sure about that after all.And peep over at his neighbor’s paper.An alternative learning strategy.He invariably decides that the other person is more likely to be right than himself. That’s the result of this sort of unwillingness to make mistakes and stick his neck out.That characterizes the good or bad learner?He’ll do more off his own bat as well, he won’t rely entirely on the teacher.He’ll work outside the classroom as well as in it.Students who make most progress are first of all those who experiment and secondly those who read books.Part IV University Campus A2. the History Department3. the Psychology Department4. the Library5. the Education Department6. the Philosophy Department7. the Geography Department8. the Sports Ground9. the Foreign Languages Department 10. the Chinese Department 11. the Physics Department 12. the Mathematics Department 13. the Chemistry Department 14. the Clinic 15. the Auditorium 16. the AdministrationBuildingLook at the map. At the bottom of the page, fine the gate (1). Now locate 16. It is between the river and the lake, close to the Main Road. The building behind the Administration is 15. Where is 4? It’s on the right-hand side of theMain Road, close to the river. Across the Main road from the Library, the building by the river is 5. The first building on the left-hand side of the Main Road is 7. 6 is between the Education and the Geography. The building at the end of the Main Road is 12.on its left is 11 and on its right, near the lake, is 13. Another building behind the like is 14. 10 is facing the lake, across the Main Road. The building between the Chinese Department and the river is 9. 2 is the first building on the right of the Main Road. Next to the History Department is 3. And last, 8 is behind the Education, Philosophy and Geography Departments.B Robert Martin / biology / next fall / six years in a public school in the hometown; two years in a military school, high school in the hometown / science (biology in particular), sportsSo I had to earn a little money to help pay my way.It sounds as if you’re a pretty responsible fellow. I see that you attended two grade schools.I don’t find a transcript among your papers.But it’s hard to keep up with both sports and studies.I’ll hold your application until we get the transcript.What did your guidance counselor tell you?He told me I had a real knack for scientific things. I have been fascinated with science since I was a child. An interest of that kind really signifies something.Unit 2 Colorful lands, colorful people16,998,000 / 64,186,300/ 840,000 / 1,000,000 / 3,320,000 / 143,244 / 32,483 / 2,966,000 / 5,105,700 / 29,028 / -1,312 / 5,315 / 36,198 / 4,145 /The biggest continent in the world is Asia. It covers 16,998,000 square miles.The Pacific Ocean is the largest ocean with 64,186,300 square miles.Which is the biggest island? It’s Greenland. It occupies an area of 840,000 square miles.The ArabiaPeninsula is the largest peninsula and has an area of 1, 000,000 square miles.Do you know which is the largest desert?Yes, it’s the SaharaDesert in North Africa. It covers 3,320,000 square miles.The biggest saltwater lake is the Caspian Sea, which is 143,244 square miles large.Lake Superior is the biggest fresh water lake and it covers a total area of 32,483 square miles. The smallest continent is Oceania, with an area of 2,966,000 square miles, and the smallest ocean is the Arctic Ocean with 5,105,700 square miles.You all know the world’s highest peak, don’t you? Mt.Qomolangma (or Mt.Everest) is 29,028 feet above sea level. In contrast, the lowest altitude in the world is the Dead Sea, 1,312 feet below sea level, or you can say -1,312 feet.The deepest lake is Baykal in Russia. The depth is 5,315 feet.Mariana Trench near the Philippines is the deepest oceanic trench, with a depth of 36, 198 feet. The longest river in the world is the Nile in Africa. It is 4, 145 miles long.B1,243,738,000 / 955,220,000 / 267,901,000 / 199,867,000 / 159,884,000 / 147,105,000 / 138,150,000 / 125,638,000 / 122,013,000 / 118,369,000 / 96,400,000 / 82,071,0001.The country with the largest population in the world is China. According to the 1997 census,the total population was 1,243,738,000.2.The second largest in population is India. It listed a population of 955,220,000 in 1997.3.And the third largest is the United States, with its estimated population of 267,901,000 in1997.4.Which country is the fourth largest in population? It’s Indonesia. About 199,867,000 peoplelive there.5.Brazil ranks the fifth in its population. There the population was 159,884,000.6.Next comes the Russian Federation, with a population of 147,105,000.7.The seventh in line is Pakistan, with an estimated population of 138,150,000.8.Japan is the country with the eighth largest population. Its population estimated in 1997reached 125,638,000.9.The next larges country in population is Bangladesh. The estimated population was122,013,000 in 1997.10.Nigeria in Africa ranks the tenth in its population. There are about 118,369,000 people livingthere.11.The eleventh? Mexico. According to statistics, its population was 96, 400, 000 in 1997.12.And last, the twelfth larges is Germany. Its 1997 census showed it had a population of82,071,000.CChinese 1,300 million / Spanish 332 million /English 322 million / 189 million / 182 million / 170 million / Russian 170 million / Japanese 125 million / German 98 million / 75.5 million / Korean 75 million / French 72 million / Vietnamese 67 million / 66 million / 64 million / 63 million / Turkish 59 million / 58 million / 44 million / Polish 44 million / Arabic 42.5 million / 41 millionDo you know which languages are spoken by more than 40 million people?Chinese has the largest number of speakers, more than 1,300 million. Next, Spanish is spoken by 332 million people. The next on the line is English, which has more than 322 million speakers. Number 4, Bengali is spoken by 189 million people. Next comes Hindi, the language spoken chiefly in India, which has 182 million speakers. Portuguese and Russian are next on the line and they are both spoken by 170 million people. Number 8, Japanese is spoken by 125 million. Next, German has 98 million speakers, while Javanese has 75.5 million. We have Korean on the list with 75 million, and it is followed by French, which is spoken by 72 million. Number 13, Vietnamese is spoken by 67 million and Telugu is spoken by 66 million. Next, we have Marathi on the list and it has 64 million speakers. Marathi is followed by Tamil, with 63 million speakers. Next comes Turkish, the language spoken in Turkey, and it has 59 million speakers. Number 18, Urdu is spoken by 58 million people. Gujarati has 44 million speakers, and Polish is also spoken by 44 million people. Number 21, which 42.5 million people speak, is Arabic and last, the number of people who speak Ukrainian is 41 million.Part II1. A baby boy2.social/ ecological/ populations3.longer/ healthierA baby boy born in Bosnia-Herzegovina overnight has officially been named the world’s six billionth inhabitant.Although several other babies are likely to have been born at the same time elsewhere in the world, the United Nations had declared that the first child to be delivered at the KosovoHospital in Sarajevo today would symbolize the passing of the mark.The U Secretary General is visiting the mother and her son as a UN attempt to draw attention to the social and ecological problems of rapidly expanding populationsThe boy who came into the world a short time ago in Bosnia to such international acclaim willbe sharing a birthday with a few hundred thousand people and in the next year another eighty million will be joining him on the planet. The earth’s population has doubled since 1960 and with more than a billion young people just entering their productive years. The population growth has plenty of momentum. But birth control programs are beginning to have an impact. Demographers predict that by the middle of the new century the global count will level off at something under ten billion. The UN population agency has presented today’s achievement as a success for humanity, pointing out that people are living longer and healthier lives than any generation in the history.B b c aThe boy will be sharing a birthday with a few hundred thousand people and in the next year, another eighty million will be joining him on the planet.The earth’s population has doubled since 1960 and with more than a billion young people just entering their productive years.Demographers predict that by the middle of the new century, the global count will level off at something under ten billion.Part IIIAwater/ 70% red or brown/ plant cover snow/ continents islandsarms of the ocean connecting a channel valleys plainsB 12 million / 2/ 10 million/10/ 3/ 6/ 4/16 million/ 18 million1. Mexico City2. Sao Paulo3. Rio de Janeiro4. Bombay5. Delhi6. Shanghia7. SeoulI-Interview E-ExpertI: In Britain we are often told that people are leaving the big cities to live in the countryside but is this the case worldwide?E: Not at all. If you look at the biggest cities in 1950, seven out of the top ten were in the developed countries but by the year 2000, the developing countries will have eight out of the top ten. New York, which in 1950 was number one with a population of around 12 million, will only be the sixth largest city in the world but with an extra 2 million.I: And London?E: London, which was number two, won’t even be in the top ten. Its population in 1950, by the way, was about 10 million.I: And why is this happening? Why are people moving to the big cities from the country in the developing countries?E: The reasons are complex but many are moving to look for work. And the problems this creates are enormous. It’s estimated that 26 million people will be living in Mexico City by the year 2000, with Sao Paulo in Brazil not far behind.I: I t’s difficult to believe.E: I know. Rio de Janeiro will have a population of a mere 13 million. Well, just imagine the kinds of difficulties this is going to cause in terms of health, transport and education.I: Yes. What about the cities of Asia? Will they be experiencing a similar sort of growth?E: In some cases, yes. Calcutta in India which was No. 10 in the league in 1950 is expected to be the fourth biggest city in the world with a population of 16 million- quadrupling its size in just 50 years. Bombay and Delhi too are expected to be in the top ten.I: What about Japan?E: Ah! Well, Tokyo was number three in 1950 and that’s where it’ll be at the beginning of the nextcentury, although its population will have trebled to about 18 million. Looking at the other major cities in Asia, Shanghai and Seoul will be in the top ten as well but, perhaps surprisingly, not Beijing or Hong Kong.I: Now, if we could turn our attention to home, what about the trend of people moving out of the cities…Part IV skills /the main idea/what/recognize/central / important/direction/ purpose/inform/compare/answer/stated/atopicsentence/ first/ details/ difficult/ persuade/ end/ implied/ hinted at/a wholeUnit 3 Traveling from Place to Place PartⅠABA912/11:20/17BA877/11:20/14BA292/11:25/19TW695/11:30/164EA831/11:35/24BA838/9IB290/11:35/15LH039/11:40/9BA666/11:40/18AI141/6BA560/22Last call for British airways flight BA912 for Tokyo. BA912 for Tokyo due to depart at 11:20 boarding at gate 17.British airways flight BA877 to Boston. British airways flight BA877 to Boston duo to depart at 11:20 boarding now at gate 14.British airways flight BA292 for Frankfurt, Athens and Karachi. Flight BA292 for Frankfurt, Athens and Karachi duo to depart at 11:25 now board at gate 19.TWA flight, TW695to NewYork. TW A flight TW695 to NewYork departing at 11:30 boarding at gate 16.BTea, soft drinks, coffee, Egg and tomato, ham and tomato, egg and chips, roast chicken, cheeseburgersTape script:Chief Steward: may I have your attention please, ladies and gentlemen? This is the chief steward speaking. We would like to inform all passengers that the buffet car is now open. The buffet car is situated towards the middle of the train. On sale are tea, coffee and soft drinks, a selection of fresh and toasted sandwiches including egg and tomato, ham and tomato, egg and cress, roast chicken and toasted cheese; cheeseburgers, beef burgers and sausages and a licensed bar. The buffet car is situated towards the middle of the train. Thank you.PartⅡ9:15/10:3010:30/13:30Quick/beautiful view /frequent service (hourly)/modern/comfortable/lovely view from dining car Have to get Gatwick airport/ expensive quite crowded/quite expensiveA-Annabel C-Charles D-DouglasD: Ah! That’s much better!C: Ah! That’s yours, I think…er…Doug.D: Thank you very much, Charles.C: Right. You have a good journey then, Douglas?D: Yes I did, I did. I must say the plane was marvelous, marvelous.C: Very quick, then?D: Er…the plane journey was terrifically quick…er…I mean, you…er…what…you met me about 9…er…what…er…10…10:45.C: About 10:30.。

英语专业学生经典的听力材料Unit 6 Science and TechnologyPart I Warming upA1.1. This news item is about a kind of new bulletproof vest made of silk.2. This news item is about research done by American and Japanese researchers to predict severe weather in and around the Indian Ocean.3. This news item is about a chess match between a world champion and the rest of the world on the Internet.4. This news item is about the significance of the discovery of the structure of DNA.5. This news item is about NEC's new robot that talks and under-stands orders.A21. While silk threads may be soft, they can be used to produce a stronger yarn than copper threads.2. American and Japanese researchers have discovered a strong connection between extreme weather and conditions in the ocean.3. Visitors to the site have 24 hours to vote on their counter move helped by a team of young chess experts who will suggest strategies.4. Understanding its code has helped to unlock the mechanics of inherited disease, as well as beneficial biological traits such as intelligence andbody strength.5. The robot from NEC can record and send video mail through the Internet and switch on TVs, VCRs and air conditioners.Tapescript.1. Thai silk is known for its beauty and elegance. But a research team has found a new use for it. A bulletproof vest made of silk was put to the test at a shooting range in Thailand. After several rounds of gunfire, the vest was examined. The bullets were stuck in the first layer of fifteen pieces of silk. A member of the research team says while silk threads may be soft, they can be used to produce a stronger yarn than copper threads, the material used in regular bulletproof vests.2. American and Japanese researchers say they are a step closer to predicting severe weather in and around the Indian Ocean. Researchers have analyzed weather data from the region over the past 40 years and they've discovered a strong connection between extreme weather and conditions in the ocean. A BBC science correspondent says the findings could make it easier to predict droughts or, indeed, periods of heavy rainfall.3. The world chess champion Garry Kasparov began a match against the rest of the world on the Internet. Kasparov made his first move with a meter-high pawn before an audience of chess fans at a park in New York.The move was immediately posted on a special website set up by the Microsoft corporation. Visitors to the site have 24 hours to vote on their counter move helped by a team of young chess experts who will suggest strategies.4. Few scientific advances of this or any millennium can rival in significance the discovery of the structure of DNA, the basic molecule of life. Knowledge of the structure of DNA helps explains many things, including genetic mutation and , through it, evolution. Understanding its code has helped to unlock the mechanics of inherited disease, as well as beneficial biological traits such as intelligence and body strength. The discovery of the DNA molecule also paved the way for many of today’s cutting-edge sciences, including genetic engineering, a controversial branch of knowledge that raises new ethical and moral questions that are certain to be with us far into the next millennium.5. Some say it's hard to find good help these days, but a Japanese electronics firm thinks it's found the answer. It's a robot that talks and understands orders. The robot from NEC can record and send video mail through the Internet and switch on TVs and VCRs. And if it's becoming a bit warm for you, one simple command and the robot will switch on the air conditioner.B.2. lightning patronizingX rays EnthusiaticLaser BoredYeast Friendly / intimateFriction Loudly but neutralRecycling PatientlyTapescript:1 .... Yes, you see, it's the force of attraction between any two objects. The strength of the force depends on the mass of the objects and the distance between them. Er... the most obvious effect is the way objects on the surface of the earth are attracted towards the center of the earth...2 .... as it comes down it goes relatively slowly 100 to 1,000 miles per hour and you can't see it, but the return stroke goes up from the earth to the cloud and it goes at over 87,000 miles per hour and that's the one you can see, you see, the one that goes back up. It's really just a very large, powerful spark. The distance in miles you are away from it is the time in seconds between it and the sound you hear...3 .... Well, they were first discovered in 1895 and they can penetrate matter that is opaque to light. Some matter is more transparent to them than others, which means you can see inside somebody. They are actually quite dangerous and people who work with them wear special protectiveclothing...4 .... ordinary light consists of electromagnetic waves of different frequencies and phase(s). This is a bundle of waves of the same frequency and phase. You can create the beams from a ruby rod or a tube of carbon dioxide that's stimulated with flashes of ordinary light. The word is an acronym for light amplification by the stimulated emission of radiation. Now, does anybody ...5 .... they're all types of fungus. There are many different kinds of them but the best known are the ones used in cooking and brewing. When they're mixed with sugar they cause the sugar to ferment and two things happen: first carbon dioxide is given off and second alcohol is formed, but when the proportion reaches 12%, it's all killed off naturally...6 .... in contact with each other, there's a resistance to movement between them. The main reason why we use ball bearings and lubricating oil is to counteract this; the main reason why rubber is used in tires and shoes is to increase the effect of it ...7 .... No, it's the process whereby materials are used again. Normally, it is cheaper to do this because it's more energy-efficient. On the other hand, one material that's hard to deal with in this way is plastic -- there are so many types that it's very difficult to separate ...Part IIA:1.identify, Catalog, map and analyze / 100,0002.A: a piece of DNA, the basic Molecule of lifeB: on chromosomes in every cellsC: produce chemical instructions the cell needs in order to build and run the human body.III: SignificanceA: cure or preventB: desirable genetic traitsC: the brain, consciousness and the mindD: a scientific descriptionIV controversyAbuse2. warfare囊性纤维变性听力原文：The goal of the human genome project initiated in the early 1990s is to identify, catalog, map and analyze every one of the estimated 100,000 genes in the human body. If the multi-billion-dollar project is successful, its effects may be as fundamental to the human future as the discovery of fire and seed agriculture once were.To understand the significance of the human genome project, it is necessary to know that each gene is a piece of DNA, the basic moleculeof life. Genes are located on chromosomes that in turn reside in every cell in arrangements similar to the alternately colored rungs on a ladder. The sequence of genetic rungs produces the chemical instructions the cells need in order to build and run the human body. By identifying the location and makeup of each gene, the genome project should help scientists cure orPart III Latest breakthroughs in technologyA.1. What is the trend for electronics in the future?Integrated, smaller, faster, better2. What is the theme for electronics in the future?The combination of computers and communications and then having them disappear from our sightB.Tapescript:"Everybody thinks of technology as somebody in a lab coat, you know, tinkering with computer chips, but technology is really about how we live and how we communicate."Suzanne Cantra is the "What's New?" editor at Popular Science magazine, a magazine that has been following advances in technology for more than a hundred years.The most fanciful dream of mankind is today a startling reality." Remember when television was considered a fad of the future? "It may not be long before our news events and current world happenings will be witnessed in thousands of homes." Boy, were they wrong?This recorder shows how far television has come. T-Bo's personal TV, an NBC investment, is one of the products that caught Cantra's eye."One of the benefits of having a computer recording video is that the computer can read the video broadcast as it comes in so if the phone rings, you can hit pause on a live broadcast."And not only that, this sort of smart VCR learns which TV shows and characters you like to watch and records them for you. This device is only one of a hundred items, Cantra says, best represents the future. And while we couldn't show you all of them, here are a few that reflect some of the new trends.Like Ericsson's R380. You can make calls, browse the web, check your calendar and send and receive email, all in this one device."This cell phone actually shows us the future of integrated devices."And I bet you can't guess what this is? Although it looks like a watch, in fact, it's a camera. That's right. A camera."The P3 wrist camera sort of talks to that whole concept of miniaturization and having devices integrated into things that you wouldn't think of."And while the pictures are pretty good,only you can decide whether they're worth two grand.And how about this? It's a prototype computer that puts your mobile laptop to shame."The IBM wearable PC definitely gives you a vision into what's gonna be coming down the line. We will be carrying (be carried easily ）these kinds of computing devices and you will need to only access the information somehow. Whether that's through an earpiece or whether it's just i ntegrated into your clothing."The PC weighs less than a pound and clips onto your belt. The monitor, about the size of a pen cap rests an inch from your eye.But if you don't necessarily wanna work during your down time, something like the Panasonic portable DVD player might be the gadget for you."The ability to have a very small compact device where you can watch movies or listen to CDs is something that any business traveler will tell you is a great benefit."If you're more the adventurous type, then Casio's GPS watch is a must (to) have."A few years down the line, instead of just having, you know, your coordinates, it can actually tell you where you are on a map and give you directions."Over the past several years, we've seen electronics get smaller, faster and better and that trend is going to continue into the next century."The theme for electronics in the future is the combination of computers and communications and then having them disappear from our sight."But Cantra says these new technologies are not just about bits and bites. "When you look at new technologies, they're based on the past and what we think that we need, but a lot of times it's just sheer human inventiveness that takes it to this next step. And there's nothing more exciting than finding a new way of being able to reach out and share information."MoleculeSimilar to the alternately colored rungs on a ladderDesirableConsciousness 意识Chart of DNA / blueprintUniqueBreast cancer, cystic fibrosis, Parkinson’s disease/ All class dismissed!!。

Unit 6 For the Glory of SportPart I Warming upA．Key words:the “firsts” OlympicVocabulary: hemisphere Melbourne MunichTapescriptWomen competed in Olympic events for the first time in Paris in 1900.In 1924, the first Winter Games were held in Chamonix.In 1932, the first Olympic village was built to accommodate athletes in Los Angeles. In 1936 in Berlin TV cameras broadcast Olympic events for the first time.The 1956 Olympics in Melbourne were the first Olympic Games to be held in the southern hemisphere.Tokyo hosted the first Asian Olympics in 1964.In 1972 for the first time, over one billion TV viewers watched the Munich Olympic opening ceremony.B.TapescriptWhat is the most popular sport in the United States? T hat may be an impossible question to answer. There are different meanings of the words "most popular."One way to measure the popularity of a sport is by the number of people who pay to watch it played by professional teams. Experts say the most popular American sport by that measure is baseball. Each professional baseball team plays 162 games every season.Or the popularity of a sport can be measured by the number of people who watch games on television or listen on the radio. Then the answer might be American football.And the popularity of a sport could be measured by the number of people who play the sport instead of just watch it. The answer, in this case, is the game people in the United States call soccer. It says more than 18 million people play soccer in the United States.C.Tapescript:Right, everybody. Stand up straight. Now bend forward and down to touch your toes- and up -- and down -- and up. Arms by your sides. Raise your right knee as high as you can. Hold your leg with both hands and pull your knee back against your body. Keep your backs straight. Now lower your leg and do the same with your left knee -- up -- pull towards you -- and down. Move your feet further apart,' bend your elbows, and raise your arms to shoulder level. Squeeze your fists tightly in front of your chest. Now push your elbows back- keep your head up! And relax ... Feet together, and put your hands on your hips. Now bend your knees and stretch your arms out in front of you. Hold that position -- now up. Stretch your arms out to the sides at shoulder height, palms up. Rotate your arm in small circles- that's right -- and now the other way. Now stand with your hands clasped behind your neck and your legs apart. Bend over to the left, slowly, but as far as you can. And slowly up. And down to the right. And up. OK -- if we're all warmed up now, let's begin!Part II The sporting spiritA.Key words: neighbors football match fans trouble large crowdsVocabulary:affectionate /aggressive /knockout /smash /monster /terrace rugby/WimbledonTapescript:Section 1M: I have neighbors who, who are very nice, friendly, warm, affectionate people, andI live near a football ground, Tottenham, and on Saturday I avoid them, becausethey come back from the match about 6 o'clock,7 o'clock drunk, aggressive--they scream, they shout, and...After the World Cup Fi-, after the World Cup when England got knocked out, I was in my local pub and they came in and they started pushing people around and smashing glasses, a nd I was really frightened and I walked out, and I don't understand, I really don't understand what it is about a football match that can turn ordinary, friendly people into monsters.Section 2JE: But do you think that's so of a lot of football fans? I mean, I've heard other people say they've gone to football matches and there's been absolutely no trouble in the terraces at all, and people have been...sat there, you know, quite happily, opposing teams next to each other.J: Oh but it obviously does happen a lot. I mean, you see it on the news. What happens when British fans go to Europe? There's always trouble, isn't there?M: Well, but it's ,it's not...it's ...In Brazil, for example, where I've also been to football matches, people go to enjoy themselves, and there's no aggression or violence,or...there's nothing like that. It seems peculiarly, it seems particular to England anda few other countries that football provides people with the opportunity to showtheir most violent, aggressive natures.Section 3A: But perhaps it's just a function of people getting together in crowds, large groups of people getting into enclosed spaces together.J: But large crowds go to other kinds of matches--go to rugby matches, go to Wimbledon to watch tennis...M: Go to pop concerts...J: If they go to Wimbledon to watch tennis, they sit there silently throughout.A: Yes, but it's interesting that one of the solutions that the police have, think might work is to have all-seater matches, for example, where everybody's seated...BKey words: sport goodwill competitive win mimic warfare attitudeVocabulary:cricket/inclination/orgy/deduce/utmost/patriotism/disgrace/combative/instinct/mimic/warfare/spectator/absurd/at any rate/virtueThe following passage you are going to hear is from “The Sporting Spirit” written George Orwell. Now listen and enjoy. Supply the missing words.Tapescript;I am always amazed when I hear people saying that sport creates goodwill betweenthe nations, and that if only the common people of the world could meet one anotherat football or cricket, they would have no inclination to meet on the battlefield. Evenif one didn't know from concrete examples (the 1936 Olympic Games, for instance)that international sporting contests led to orgies of hatred, one could deduce it fromgeneral principles.Nearly all the sports practiced nowadays are competitive. You play to win, and thegame has little meaning unless you do your utmost to win. On the village green,where you pick up sides and no feeling of local patriotism is involved, it is possible toplay simply for the fun and exercise: but as soon as the question of prestige arises, assoon as you feel you and some larger unit will be disgraced if you lose, the mostsavage combative instincts are aroused. Anyone who has played even in a schoolfootball match knows this. At the international level, sport is frankly mimic warfare.But the significant thing is not the behavior of the players but the attitude of the spectators；and, behind the spectators, of the nations who work themselves into furies over these absurd contests, and seriously believe--at any rate for short periods--that running, jumping and kicking a ball are tests of national virtue.Part III Sports and entertainment choicesKey words:Paralympics/ sports competition/ physical or mental limitations/ disabilities/ choices of entertainmentVocabulary: spinal cord/ wheelchair/scuba diving/ yoga/ visual interpreter Tapescript:The Olympics and the Paralympics are separate m ovements. But they have always been held in the same year. And since 1988, they have also been held in the same city. The International Olympic Committee and the International Paralympic Committee signed an agreement in 2001 to secure this connection.The Paralympic Games grew out of a sports competition held in 1948 in England. A doctor named Ludwig Guttmann organized it for men who suffered spinal cord injuries in World War Two. Four years later, it became an international event as competitions from the Netherlands took part.Then, in 1960, the first Paralympics were held in Rome. Four hundred athletes from23 countries competed. By 2004, the Paralympic Games in Athens had almost 4,000 athletes from 136 countries.Athletes may have physical or mental limitations; they may be blind or in wheelchairs. Yet sometimes they perform better than athletes without disabilities.Wheelchair tennis is a popular sport. So is basketball. In fact, there are more than 100 professional teams playing wheelchair basketball.Special wheelchairs for athletes are lightweight and designed for quick moves. For people who want to go really fast in their chairs, here is a Power Wheelchair Racing Association.In the State of Utah there is a place called the National Ability Center. It teaches all kinds of sports to people with all kinds of physical and mental disabilities. It even gives friends and family members a chance to try a sport as if they were disabled.A reporter from The Washington Post wanted to know what it would be like for a blind person to use a climbing wall. So, protected by a safety line, the newspaper reporter closed his eyes and started to feel for places to put his hands and feet.Finally he Trainers on the ground urged him on: “Take your time. You can do it.”　。

STEP BY STEP 第一册词汇UNIT 1Part1:chimevt.& vi.敲出和谐的乐声；报时；机械地重复；合节奏n.合奏钟声，钟乐；谐音，韵律；和谐；[航]甲板上的沟millenniumn.一千年；千年期；千禧年；全人类未来的幸福时代prospectiveadj.预期的；未来的；可能的；有希望的galan.节日；庆祝adj.节日的；欢乐的count down倒数到零或规定的时间fanfaren.喧耀；号角齐鸣Kiribatin. 基里巴斯（西太平洋上一共和国）Vietnam 越南Hanoi 河内（越南首都）Bangkok 曼谷（泰国首都）Egypt 埃及Part2:installvt.安装；安顿，安置；任命；使…正式就职observatoryn.天文台；气象台；瞭望台revivevt.使复活，使恢复；使振奋，复原；使再生，使重新流行；唤醒，唤起vi.复苏，恢复；振作，恢复；再生，重新流行；再生效力sweepvt.打扫，清理；扫除；彻底搜索；掠过vi.打扫；扫过；蜿蜒；大范围伸展n.打扫；延伸；挥动；全胜viableadj.切实可行的；能养活的；能自行生产发育的；有望实现的hoistvt.升起，提起vi.被举起或抬高n.起重机，升降机；升起；<俚>推，托，举gravityn.重力；万有引力，地心引力；重要性，严重性；严肃，庄重mechanismn.[生]机制，机能，[乐]机理；（机械）结构，机械装置[作用]，（故事的）结构；[艺]手法，技巧，途径；机械作用aluminum n.<美>铝flavorn.味；韵味；特点；香料vt.给…调味；给…增添风趣sponsorn.发起者，主办者；担保者；倡议者，提案人；后援组织vt.赞助Greenwichn.格林威治（位于英国伦敦东南部，为本初子午线所经之地，原设有英国皇家格林威治天文台），格林威治镇（位于美国康涅狄格州）Miami n.迈阿密（美国佛罗里州达东南部港市）Atlanta n.亚特兰大（美国佐治亚州首府）Part3:hesitatevi.犹豫，踌躇；不愿；支吾；停顿vt.对…犹豫；不情愿eran.纪元，年代；历史时期，时代；重大事件lexicographern.词典编纂者citationn.引用；引证；引文；表扬hold one’s own可以和别人做得一样好；没有失败[恶化]；招架UNIT2Part1:Crashv.碰撞；使发出巨响；暴跌；睡觉n.碰撞；碰撞声；暴跌；崩溃adj.应急的；速成的coordinatevt.使协调，使调和；整合；使（身体各部份）动作协调；（衣服、布料等）搭配vi.协调；协同；成为同等；被归入同一类别accountn.账，账目；存款；记述，报告；理由vi.解释；导致；报账vt.认为；把…视作hoaxv.欺骗；戏弄n.骗局；戏弄；恶作剧Mainen.缅因州（美国东北角的州）techien.技师，技术员zoomvi.嗡嗡作响；急速上升n.嗡嗡声；隆隆声；（车辆等）疾驰的声音；变焦vt.使急速上升；使猛增decodevt.译（码），解（码）；分析及译解电子信号standbyn.备用品；可信赖的人adj.备用的adv.备用地；待命地make the rounds串门拜访；四处走动Part2:Costlyadj.昂贵的；代价高的Part3:Cataloguen.目录，一览表；（美）大学情况便览；展览目录；产品样本vt.为…编目录；登记分类；记载，列入目录；登记（某人、某事的）详情clickn.喀哒声；爪，掣子；[计]（鼠标）点击；[语言学]吸气音vt.使发出喀哒声vi.发出喀哒声；极成功；合得来，一见如；[计]鼠击banvt.禁止，下令禁止；剥夺权利；[古]诅咒n.禁止，禁令；谴责；诅咒，诅骂；革出教门Missourin.密苏里州（美国州名）UNIT3Part1:Orbitn.轨道；势力范围；眼眶；（人生的）旅程，生活过程vt.& vi.在…轨道上运行，环绕轨道运行vi.盘旋；绕轨道运行vt.绕轨道而行；进入轨道Pennsylvanian.宾夕法尼亚州（美国州名）median.媒体；[解剖学]血管中层；[语音学] 浊塞音；介质；[医]培养基Part2:Mergern.（两个公司的）合并；联合体；吸收pipelinen.管道；输油管道；渠道，传递途径vt.（通过管道）运输，传递；为…安装管道envisionvt.想像，预见，展望priorityn.优先，优先权；（时间，序上的）先，前；优先考虑的事；[数]优先次序meageradj.瘦的；粗劣的；不足的；贫乏的budgetn.预算；预算案；预算拨款；一束vt.& vi.把…编入预算；谨慎花钱adj.价格低廉的；花钱少的；收费合理的；便宜的vt.在预算中拨款给；按预算拨（款）；按预算来计划（或安排）；规划vi.做安排(for)fractionn.[数]分数；一小部分，些微；不相连的一块，片段；[化]分馏bulkn.（大）体积；大块，大量；大多数，大部分；主体vt.& vi.变得越来越大（或重要）vi.显得庞大；形成大块；堆积起来vt.使凝聚成一团或形成一堆adj.大批的，大量的；散装的tolln.通行费；伤亡人数；钟声；长途电话费v.鸣钟；敲钟mow downv.摧毁simultaneouslyadv.同时地；一壁；齐；一齐antiquatedadj.过时的，陈旧的；老式的，古色古香的；有古风的；年老的v.使古旧，废弃（antiquate的过去式和过去分词）Part3:Stockn.股份，股票；库存；树干；家畜adj.常备的，存货的；陈旧的vt.提供货物；备有vi.出新芽；囤积sharen.股；（参与、得到等的）份；（分享到的或贡献出的）一份；市场占有率vt.& vi.共有；共用；均摊vt.分配；分开；共同承担vi.分享，分担(in)UNIT4Part1:Peninsulan.半岛；[史]伊比利亚半岛，（第一次世界大战中指）加利波利半岛；（第一次世界大战中指）加利波利半岛altituden.高度，海拔高度；高位，高等；[天]地平纬度；[数]顶垂线trenchn.沟，渠；战壕vt.掘沟vi.挖战壕；侵害Greenlandn.格陵兰（岛名，位于北美洲的东北部，属丹麦）The Sahara Desert撒哈拉沙漠The Caspian Sea 里海Lake Superior苏必利尔湖Mt. Qomolangma (Mt. Everest) 珠穆朗玛峰Baykal贝加尔湖（前苏联西伯利亚东南部的一个湖。

英语听力I 教学大纲一、课程名称：英语听力（1）二、学时：36三、周课时：3四、教学周：12五、考核方式：考试。

采取平时30%，期末70%的比例平时成绩以小测验，课上完成练习情况和出勤成绩为参考。

六、适用学科专业：商务英语专业大一（1）七、教学目的1.提高学生的初级听力水平，使学生能够听懂篇幅较长、语速较慢的英语电台广播。

2.提高学生的基本听力技巧，培养其良好的听力习惯，逐步改进其听力策略。

帮助学生进行专门的听力技能训练，有计划地提高学生的听力理解水平，并力求促进学生智能的发展，通过较系统、较全面、大强度、高难度地听力训练，提高学生听懂英语对话、短篇讲话、甚至较长讲话的能力。

同时还培养学生以下几个方面的能力：1、学习者的学习策略能力；2、语言尝试能力；3、语言思维能力；4、语言教师的职业能力。

此外，还兼顾文化知识的学习。

最终达到发展学生的独立判断和组织能力的要求。

八、教学形式与要求课程的教学方法直接关系到学生各方面能力的培养与提高。

课堂教学应以学生为主体、教师为主导，改变过去以教师为中心的教学模式，注重培养学生的学习能力和研究能力。

在教学中要多开展以任务为中心的、形式多样的教学活动。

在加强基础训练的同时，采用启发式、讨论式、发现式和研究式的教学方法，充分调动学生学习的积极性，激发学生的学习动机，最大限度地让学生参与学习的全过程。

引导学生主动积极地利用现有图书资料和网上信息，获取知识，并使学生在运用知识的过程中培养各种能力。

同时，要注意教学方法的多样性，要根据不同的教学对象、教学内容、教学目的和要求，选择相应的教学方法，并鼓励教师积极探索新的教学方法。

课堂教学要与学生的课外学习和实践活动相结合。

在提高学生听力水平的过程中，课外学习和实践是课堂教学的延伸与扩展，是培养和发展学生能力的重要途径，应在教师的指导下有目的、有计划、有组织地进行。

课外泛听应以课堂精听教学的内容为基础，激发学生的学习兴趣，以及培养学生的学习能力、语言综合运用能力、组织能力、交际能力、思维能力和创新能力。