英语听力入门Step by Step3000第一册第8课

Unit 8 creative minds•Part IA.The following passage will tell you about some inventionsmade by people in different countries. Listen carefully and match the inventions with the places where these things first came fromB. in the past century when the consumer became king, product innovation reached unprecedented heights. Now listen to some of the great things invented in the past 100 years. Fill in the missing information. Pay special attention to the name of the inventions and the time when they appeared.Part I I Scientists of the millennium (1)A.Listen to the first half of a passage about the discovery andinventions of ten important scientists of the millenium. Complete the following chart with key wordsB.Now listen again and answer the questions with key words•Part I I IScientists of the millennium (2)A.You are going to hear the second of half of the passage about thediscoveries of ten important scientists of the millennium.Complete the chart with key words.B.Now listen again. Decide whether the statements are true or false.•P art I•Warming up•Key words•inventVocabularyFaxSending (copies of printed material, letters, pictures, etc.) using a system by which the information is sent in electronic form along a telephone lineTo transmit (printed matter or an image) by electronic means.传真：用电讯方式传递信息（打印出事情或图形）CalendarA printed table that lists the days, weeks, and months of the yearA table showing the months, weeks, and days in at least one specific year.日历：一种表格，表示出至少某一年内的月份、星期和日Any of various systems of reckoning time in which the beginning, length, and divisions of a year are defined.历法：任一种用于标识时间的系统，确定了一年的开始、时长和划分PuppetA toylike jointed figure of a person or animal that is made to move by someone pulling wires or strings at a theater performanceA small figure of a person or an animal, having a cloth body and hollow head, designed to be fitted over and manipulated by the hand.木偶：用布料制成身体及空脑袋的小型人或动物的形象，用于套在手上或用手来操纵A figure having jointed parts animated from above by strings or wires; a marionette.木偶：由身体各部分相连接组成的用线或绳子操纵的形象；牵线木偶A toy representing a human figure; a doll.玩偶：人形玩具；玩偶Mercedes-Benz奔驰汽车German automobile pioneer credited with manufacturing the first vehicle powered with an internal-combustion engine, patented in 1886.奔驰，卡尔·弗雷德里希：(1844-1929) 德国汽车业先驱，制造了第一辆以内燃机为动力的汽车，于1886年注册专利Nova Scotia新斯科舍省A province of eastern Canada comprising a mainland peninsula and the adjacent Cape Breton Island.It joined the confederation in 1867. The first successful settlement was made by the French at Port Royal (now Annapolis Royal) in 1610. France and Great Britain bitterly contested the area, part ofAcadia, until 1763, when the Treaty of Paris awarded the French possessions in North America to the British. During the 18th century many Scots immigrated to the region, leading to its name, a Latinized version of “New Scotland.” Halifax is the capital and the largest city.Population, 847,442.新斯科舍省：加拿大东部的省，包括一个大陆半岛和毗临的布雷顿角岛。

Unit 1 Part I A1. Oxford / commitment / academic record2. oldest/ largest / reputation / research / science3. first / Australia / 150 years / excels4. excellence / 17.000 / location5. largest / 1883 / situated / 26,0006. 1636 / enrollment / 18,500/ schools7. awards / degrees / 20,000 8. located / / thirdB1. 2,700 languages / 7,000 dialects / regional / pronunciation2. official / language3. One billion / 20 percent4. Four hundred million / first / 600 million / second / foreign5. 500,000 words / Eighty percent / other6. Eighty percent / computers7. African country / same8. 1,000 / Africa9. spaceship / 1977 / 55 / message / the United StatesC 1 – (a) 2 – ( c) 3 – ( d) 4 – (b )All right, class. Today we’re going to be looking at differen t language learning styles. You may be surprised to find that there are different ways of going about learning languages, none of which is necessarily better than the others. Researchers have identified four basic l earner “types” – the communicative learner, the analytical learner, the authority-oriented learner and the concrete learner. Communicative learners like to learn by watching and listening to native speakers. At home, they like to learn by watching TV and videos. They like to learn new words by hearing them. In class, they like to learn by having conversations. Now, concrete learners like to lean by playing games, by looking at pictures and videos in class, talking in pairs, and by listening to cassettes at home and school. Now, authority-oriented learners, on the other hand, like the teacher to explain everything. They like to write everything down in their notebook, and they like to have a textbook. They like to learn new words by seeing them. And finally, we have analytical learners. These learners like to learn by studying grammar. At home, they like to learn by studying English books, and they like to study by themselves. They like to find their own mistakes. Now, of course, it’s unusual for a person to be exclusively one “type” rather than anot her. Most of us are mixtures of styles. What type of learner do you think you are?Part II A3GCSE examinations students / higher educationstudent/ second year / high school / college general exam / School Certificatesitting University Entrance Examina tion bachelor’s degree: 3/ 4 yearsmaster’s degree: another year or two doctorate: a further 3-7 yearsWell, in Britain, from the ages of five to about eleven you start off at a primary school, and then from eleven to sixteen you go on to a secondary school or a comprehensive school and at sixteen you take GCSE examinations. After this, some children take vocational courses or even start work. Others stay on at school for another two years to take A levels. And at the age of eighteen, after A levels, they might finish their education or go on to a course of higher education at a college or university, and that’s usually for three years.Well, it depends on what state you’re in but most kids in the United States start school at about six when they go to eleme ntary school and that goes from the first grade up to the sixth grade. Some kids go to a kindergarten the year before that. Then they go on to juni or high school, that’s about eleven, and that’s the seventh, eighth and ninth grades. And then they go on to senior high school around age fourteen starting in the tenth grade and finishing in the twelfth grade usually. Some students will leave school at sixteen and they’ll start work, but most of them stay on to graduate from high school at age eighteen. In the first year at high school or college students are called “freshmen”, in the second they’re called “sophomores”, in the third year we call them “juniors” and in the fourth year they’re called “seniors”. Now a lot of high sch ool graduates then go to college or university and they do a four-year first degree course. Some of them might go to junior college which is a two-year course.Well, in Australia, well most states anyway, children start their primary education at five after perhaps a brief time in kindergarten. They will stay at primary school until they’re about eleven, then they’ll either stay there or go to an intermediate school for a couple of yea rs. Then they start highschool usually twelve or thirteen, which you start in the third form. Now, after three years at high school you sit a general exam, some states call it School Certificate and that is a sort of general qualification and that if a sort of general qualification. After that you can leave school at sixteen or you can go on and sit your Uni versity Entrance Examination, which then gives you entrée into a university or it’s another useful qualification, and from then on you go to various sorts of higher education.Education in Canada is a provincial responsibility, but schools are administered by local school boards.Kindergarten is for children who are four or five years old. Children begin formal full-day schooling in Grade 1, when they are about six years old. They must stay in school at least until they are sixteen. However, most students continue to finish high school. Some go to college or university. Each year of schooling represents one grade. (The school year extends from the beginning of September to the end of June.) Elementary school includes kindergarten to about Grade 8. Secondary school (or high school) may start in Grade 8, 9, or 10 and it usually continues until Grade 12. In Canada, students may go to university or to a community college. If they want to learn skills for specific job, they attend college for one or four years to get a diploma or certificate. For example, lab technicians, child-care workers, and hotel managers go to college. Universities offer degree programs as well as training professions, such as law, medicine, and teaching.Universities offer three main levels of degrees. Students earn a bachelor’s degree after three or four years of study. A master’s degree can take another year or two. A doctorate may take a further three to seven years to complete.B1 Idioms / vocabulary / French / spelling / pronunciationB2 1. F 2. T 3. FI – Interviewer P – ProfessorI: And now we have an interview with Professor J. T. Lingo, Professor of Linguistics at Chimo University, who is here to talk to us about the growing business of teaching English. Good morning, professor Lingo.P: Good morning.I: I understand that teaching English is becoming “big business” all around the world.P: It seems that language schools are springing up everywhere.I: Why is that?P: With the move toward a global economy, English has become the most widely used language in the world. It is the language of business, aviation, science and international affairs and people find that they must learn English to compete in those fields.I: And do people find English an easy language to learn?P: Well, every language has something about it that other people find difficult to learn. English is such a hodgepodge of different languages –it’s essentially Germanic but a lot of its vocabulary comes from French, and technical words stem from Latin and Greek. This feature makes English fairly adaptable – which is a good thing for a world language – but it causes irregularity in spelling and pronunciation.I: English spelling baffles me, too.P: English also has the largest vocabulary. Often there are words for the same thing, one is Anglo-Saxon and one from the French –like “buy” which is Anglo-Saxon and “purchase” which is from the French. The French word often has more prestige.I: Anglo-Saxon?P: That’s the word for Old English. The Norman Conquest in 1066 brou ght the French language to Britain and helped English evolve into the English it is today.I: Is there anything else particularly difficult about English?P: Well, the idioms in informal English pose a problem for some students.I: Informal English?P: As with any language, there are different varieties: slang, colloquial. Formal, written, as well as the different dialects – British, American and Canadian English.I: And how is Canadian English different from American and British?P: Canadian English is closer to American in pronunciation and idiom. Some of our words and our spellings do reflect British usage, however. We wouldn’t use the British term “lorry” for truck, but we have kept the “o-u-r” spellings in words such as “honour” and “colour”.I: This has been very interesting. I’m afraid we’re out of time. It has been a pleasure talking to you.Part III University Life A1 I. Age / Foreign student population II. 15 hrs (+2 or 3 for lab) / Discussion group: 15-20 / much smaller / informal, friendly / 2-3 hrs: 1 hrToday I’d like to give you some idea about how life at an American university or college might be different from the way it i s in your country. To be sure, the student body on a U. S. campus is a pretty diverse group of people. First of all, you will find students of all ages. Although most students start college at around the age of 18, you will see students in their 30s and 40s and even occasionally in their 60s and 70s. Students on a U.S. campus come from a wide variety of socioeconomic backgrounds. Many students work at least part-time, some of them work full-time. Many students live in dormitories on campus, some have their own apartments usually with other students, and others live at home. Some colleges and universities have a very diverse student population with many racial and ethnic minorities. Some schools have a fairly large foreign student population. So you can see that one meets all kinds of people on a U.S. college or university campus. Now that you have some general idea of differ ences in the student population, I’d like to talk a few minutes about what I think an average student is and then discuss wit h you what a typical class might be like.Let’s begin my talking about an average student entering his or her freshman year. Of course, such a person never really exists, but still it’s convenient to talk about an “average” student for our purposes. Foreign students are often surprised at how poorly prepared A merican students are when they enter a university. Actually, at very select schools the students are usually very well prepared, but at less selective schools, they may not be as well prepared as students in your country are. Schools in the States simply admit a lot more students than is usual in most other countries. Also, most young American university students have not traveled in other countries and are not very well-versed in international matters and do not know a lot about people from other countries. Foreign students usually find them friendly but not very well-informed about their countries or cultures.What kind of academic experiences will this so-called “average” student have? The average undergraduate student takes five classes a semester and is in class for 15 hours a week. If her or she takes a class that has a laboratory, this will require tow or three more hours. Many introductory undergraduate classes are given in large lectures of 100 or more students. However, many of these classes will have small discussion groups of 15 to 20 students that meet once a week. In these smaller groups, a teaching assistant will lead a discussion to help classify points in the lectures. Other kinds of classes – for example, language classes – will be much smaller so that students can practice language. In general, American professors are informal and friendly with their students, and, as much as possible, they expect and invite participation in the form of discussion. A large amount of reading and other work is often assigned to be done outside class, and students are expected to take full responsibility for completing these assignments and asking questions in class about those areas they don’t understand. As a rule of thumb, stude nts spend two to three hours preparing for each hour they spend in class. American professors often encourage their students to visit them during office hours, especially if the students are having problems in the class.A2 II. Examinations / quizzesIII. Graduate school / Seminars / some area of interest / a research paperLet’s move on now to discuss studen t obligations in a typical American class. These obligations are usually set down in the course syllabus. A syllabus is generally handed out to students on the first or second class meeting. A good syllabus will give students a course outline that mentions all the topics to be covered in class. It will also contain all the assignments and the dates they should be completed by. An average university course of one semester might have three examinations or two examinations and a paper. The dates of the examinations and what the examinations will cover should be on the syllabus. If a paper id required, the date it is due should also be in the syllabus. The professor may also decide that he or she will be giving quizzes during the semester, either announced or unannounced. For students coming from a system where there is one examination in each subject at the end of the year, all this testing can be a little surprising at first. By the by, maybe this would be a good place for me to mention the issue of attendance. Another real difference in our system is out attendance policies. Perhaps you come from a system where attendance is optional. Generally speaking, American professors expect regular attendance and may even grade you down if you are absent a lot. All this information should be on your syllabus, along with the professor’s office number and office hours.I have only a couple of hours left, and I’d like to use them to talk about how graduate school is somewhat different from und ergraduate school. Of course, i t’s much more difficult to enter graduate school, and most students are highly qualified and high motivated. Students in grad uate school are expected to do much more independent work than those in undergraduate schools, with regularly scheduled exams, etc. some classes will be conducted as seminars. In a seminar class, there may be no exams, but students are expected to read rather widely on topics and be preparedfor thorough discussion of them in class. Another possibility in graduate classes is that in addition to readings done by all students, each student may also be expected to work independently in some area of interest and later make a presentation that summarizes what her or she has learned. Usually each student then goes on to write a paper on what he or she has researched to turn in to the professor for a grade.I hope that today’s lecture has given you some idea about student life on an American campus and that you have noticed some d ifference between our system and yours.B2 to make mistakes / every new thing / the language/ Working outside the classroomPassive / the teach / stick his neck out / more likely to be right than himselfHow would you describe a good student or a bad student, sort of things they do or don’t do in the classroom?He’s eager to experiment with every new thing that he learns, whether it be a structure of a function or a new word, he immediately starts trying to use it.He’s interested in the mistakes he makes, he’s not afraid to make them.He’s not simply interested in having it corrected and moving on?He plays with language.I’ve done this chapter I know this, without trying to experiment at all, without really testing himself.He’s usually passive, he won’t speak up much in the classroom. He’ll rarely ask you why this …Just sort of accepts what you give him and doesn’t do anything more with it.… and in a test he’s the one person who’s likely to suddenly realize that he wasn’t too sure about that after all.And peep over at his neighbor’s paper.An alternative learning strategy.He invariably decides that the other person is more likely to be right than himself. That’s the result of this sort of unwill ingness to make mistakes and stick his neck out.That characterizes the good or bad learner?He’ll do more off his own bat as well, he won’t rely entirely on the teacher.He’ll work outside the classroom as well as in it.Students who make most progress are first of all those who experiment and secondly those who read books.Part IV University Campus A2. the History Department3. the Psychology Department4. the Library5. the Education Department6. the Philosophy Department7. the Geography Department8. the Sports Ground 9. the Foreign Languages Department 10. the Chinese Department11. the Physics Department 12. the Mathematics Department 13. the Chemistry Department14. the Clinic 15. the Auditorium 16. the Administration BuildingLook at the map. At the bottom of the page, fine the gate (1). Now locate 16. It is between the river and the lake, close to the Main Road. The building behind the Administration is 15. Where is 4? It’s on the right-hand side of the Main Road, close to the river. Across the Main road from the Library, the building by the river is 5. The first building on the left-hand side of the Main Road is 7. 6 is between the Education and the Geography. The building at the end of the Main Road is 12. on its left is 11 and on its right, near the lake, is 13. Another building behind the like is 14. 10 is facing the lake, across the Main Road. The building between the Chinese Department and the river is 9. 2 is the first building on the right of the Main Road. Next to the History Department is 3. And last, 8 is behind the Education, Philosophy and Geography Departments.B Robert Martin / biology / next fall / six years in a public school in the hometown; two years in a military school, high school in the hometown / science (biology in particular), sportsSo I had to earn a little money to help pay my way.It sounds as if you’re a pretty responsible fellow. I see that you attended two grade schools.I don’t find a transcript among your papers.But it’s hard to keep up with both sports and studies.I’ll hold your application until we get the transcript.What did your guidance counselor tell you?He told me I had a real knack for scientific things. I have been fascinated with science since I was a child. An interest of that kind really signifies something.Unit 2 Colorful lands, colorful people16,998,000 / 64,,300/ 840,000 / 1,000,000 / 3,320,000 / 143,244 / 32,483 / 2,966,000 / 5,105,700 / 29, / -1,312 / 5,315 / 36, / 4,145 /The biggest continent in the world is Asia. It covers 16,998,000 square miles.The Pacific Ocean is the largest ocean with 64,,300 square miles.Which is the biggest island? It’s G reenland. It occupies an area of 840,000 square miles.The Arabia Peninsula is the largest peninsula and has an area of 1, 000,000 square miles.Do you know which is the largest desert? Yes, it’s the Sahara Desert in North Africa. It covers 3,320,000 squar e miles.The biggest saltwater lake is the Caspian Sea, which is 143,244 square miles large.Lake Superior is the biggest fresh water lake and it covers a total area of 32,483 square miles.The smallest continent is Oceania, with an area of 2,966,000 square miles, and the smallest ocean is the Arctic Ocean with 5,105,700 square miles.You all know the world’s highest peak, don’t you? Mt. Qomolangma (or Mt. Everest) is 29, feet above sea level. In contrast, t he lowest altitude in the world is the Dead Sea, 1,312 feet below sea level, or you can say -1,312 feet.The deepest lake is Baykal in Russia. The depth is 5,315 feet.Mariana Trench near the Philippines is the deepest oceanic trench, with a depth of 36, feet.The longest river in the world is the Nile in Africa. It is 4, 145 miles long.B1,243,738,000 / 955,220,000 / 267,901,000 / ,867,000 / 159,884,000 / 147,105,000 / ,150,000 / 125,638,000 / 122,013,000 / 118,369,000 /96,400,000 / 82,,0001. The country with the largest population in the world is China. According to the 1997 census, the total population was 1,243,738,000.2. The second largest in population is India. It listed a population of 955,220,000 in 1997.3. And the third largest is the United States, with its estimated population of 267,901,000 in 1997.4. Which country is the fourth largest in population? It’s Indonesia. About ,867,000 people live there.5. Brazil ranks the fifth in its population. There the population was 159,884,000.6. Next comes the Russian Federation, with a population of 147,105,000.7. The seventh in line is Pakistan, with an estimated population of ,150,000.8. Japan is the country with the eighth largest population. Its population estimated in 1997 reached 125,638,000.9. The next larges country in population is Bangladesh. The estimated population was 122,013,000 in 1997.10. Nigeria in Africa ranks the tenth in its population. There are about 118,369,000 people living there.11. The eleventh? Mexico. According to statistics, its population was 96, 400, 000 in 1997.12. And last, the twelfth larges is Germany. Its 1997 census showed it had a population of 82,,000.CChinese 1,300 million / Spanish 332 million /English 322 million / million / 182 million / 170 million / Russian 170 million / Japanese 125 million / German 98 million / 75.5 million / Korean 75 million / French 72 million / Vietnamese 67 million / 66 million / 64 million / 63 million / Turkish 59 million / 58 million / 44 million / Polish 44 million / Arabic 42.5 million / 41 millionDo you know which languages are spoken by more than 40 million people?Chinese has the largest number of speakers, more than 1,300 million. Next, Spanish is spoken by 332 million people. The next on the line is English, which has more than 322 million speakers. Number 4, Bengali is spoken by million people. Next comes Hindi, the language spoken chiefly in India, which has 182 million speakers. Portuguese and Russian are next on the line and they are both spoken by 170 million people. Number 8, Japanese is spoken by 125 million. Next, German has 98 million speakers, while Javanese has 75.5 million. We have Korean on thelist with 75 million, and it is followed by French, which is spoken by 72 million. Number 13, Vietnamese is spoken by 67 million and Telugu is spoken by 66 million. Next, we have Marathi on the list and it has 64 million speakers. Marathi is followed by Tamil, with 63 million speakers. Next comes Turkish, the language spoken in Turkey, and it has 59 million speakers. Number 18, Urdu is spoken by 58 million people. Gujarati has 44 million speakers, and Polish is also spoken by 44 million people. Number 21, which 42.5 million people speak, is Arabic and last, the number of people who speak Ukrainian is 41 million.Part II1. A baby boy2. social/ ecological/ populations3. longer/ healthierA baby boy born in Bosnia-Herzegovina overnight has officially been named the world’s six billionth inhabitant.Although several other babies are likely to have been born at the same time elsewhere in the world, the United Nations had declared that the first child to be delivered at the Kosovo Hospital in Sarajevo today would symbolize the passing of the mark.The U Secretary General is visiting the mother and her son as a UN attempt to draw attention to the social and ecological problems of rapidly expanding populationsThe boy who came into the world a short time ago in Bosnia to such international acclaim will be sharing a birthday with a few hundred thousand people and in the next year another eighty mill ion will be joining him on the planet. The earth’s population has doubled since 1960 and with more than a billion young people just entering their productive years. The population growth has plenty of momentum. But birth control programs are beginning to have an impact. Demographers predict that by the middle of the new century the global count will level off at something under ten billion. The UN population agency has presented today’s achievement as a success for humanity, pointing out that people are l iving longer and healthier lives than any generation in the history.B b c aThe boy will be sharing a birthday with a few hundred thousand people and in the next year, another eighty million will be joining him on the planet. The earth’s population has doub led since 1960 and with more than a billion young people just entering their productive years.Demographers predict that by the middle of the new century, the global count will level off at something under ten billion.Part III Awater/ 70% red or brown/ plant cover snow/ continents islands arms of the ocean connecting a channel valleys plainsB 12 million / 2/ 10 million/ 10/ 3/ 6/ 4/16 million/ 18 million1. Mexico City2. Sao Paulo3. Rio de Janeiro4. Bombay5. Delhi6. Shanghia7. SeoulI-Interview E-ExpertI: In Britain we are often told that people are leaving the big cities to live in the countryside but is this the case worldwide?E: Not at all. If you look at the biggest cities in 1950, seven out of the top ten were in the developed countries but by the year 2000, the developing countries will have eight out of the top ten. New York, which in 1950 was number one with a population of around 12 million, will only be the sixth largest city in the world but with an extra 2 million.I: And London?E: L ondon, which was number two, won’t even be in the top ten. Its population in 1950, by the way, was about 10 million.I: And why is this happening? Why are people moving to the big cities from the country in the developing countries?E: The reasons are comp lex but many are moving to look for work. And the problems this creates are enormous. It’s estimated that 26 million people will be living in Mexico City by the year 2000, with Sao Paulo in Brazil not far behind.I: It’s difficult to believe.E: I know. Rio de Janeiro will have a population of a mere 13 million. Well, just imagine the kinds of difficulties this is going to cause in terms of health, transport and education.I: Yes. What about the cities of Asia? Will they be experiencing a similar sort of growth?E: In some cases, yes. Calcutta in India which was No. 10 in the league in 1950 is expected to be the fourth biggest city in the world with apopulation of 16 million- quadrupling its size in just 50 years. Bombay and Delhi too are expected to be in the top ten.I: What about Japan?E: Ah! Well, Tokyo was number three in 1950 and that’s where it’ll be at the beginning of the next century, although its popu lation will have trebled to about 18 million. Looking at the other major cities in Asia, Shanghai and Seoul will be in the top ten as well but, perhaps surprisingly, not Beijing or Hong Kong.I: Now, if we could turn our attention to home, what about the trend of people moving out of the cities…Part IV skills /the main idea/what/recognize/central / important/direction/ purpose/inform/compare/answer/stated/a topic sentence/ first/ details/ difficult/ persuade/ end/ implied/ hinted at/a wholeUnit 3 Traveling from Place to Place Part ⅠABA912/11:20/17 BA877/11:20/14 BA292/11:25/19 TW695/11:30/16 4 EA831/11:35/24BA838/9 IB290/11:35/15 LH039/11:40/9 BA666/11:40/18 AI141/6 BA560/22Last call for British airways flight BA912 for Tokyo. BA912 for Tokyo due to depart at 11:20 boarding at gate 17.British airways flight BA877 to Boston. British airways flight BA877 to Boston duo to depart at 11:20 boarding now at gate 14.British airways flight BA292 for Frankfurt, Athens and Karachi. Flight BA292 for Frankfurt, Athens and Karachi duo to depart at 11:25 now board at gate 19.TWA flight, TW695to New York. TWA flight TW695 to New York departing at 11:30 boarding at gate 16.B Tea, soft drinks, coffee, Egg and tomato, ham and tomato, egg and chips, roast chicken, cheeseburgersTape script:Chief Steward: may I have your attention please, ladies and gentlemen? This is the chief steward speaking. We would like to inform all passengers that the buffet car is now open. The buffet car is situated towards the middle of the train. On sale are tea, coffee and soft drinks, a selection of fresh and toasted sandwiches including egg and tomato, ham and tomato, egg and cress, roast chicken and toasted cheese; cheeseburgers, beef burgers and sausages and a licensed bar. The buffet car is situated towards the middle of the train. Thank you.Part Ⅱ9:15/10:30 10:30/13:30Quick/beautiful view /frequent (hourly)/modern/comfortable/lovely view from dining carHave to get Gatwick airport/ expensive quite crowded/quite expensiveA-Annabel C-Charles D-DouglasD: Ah! That’s much better!C: Ah! That’s yours, I think…er…Doug.D: Thank you very much, Charles.C: Right. You have a good journey then, Douglas?D: Yes I did, I did. I must say the plane was marvelous, marvelous.C: Very quick, then?D: Er…the plane journey was terrifically quick…er…I mean, you…er…what…you met me about 9…er…what…er…10…10:45.C: About 10:30.D: Yes, the plane got in at…er…10:30 and we left at 9:15.C: What time didi you have to start though in the morning?D: Well, that…er…that wa a different story, because I had to get to Victoria…um…at…you know, to get to Gatwick andit’s…er…from…er…Victoria to Gatwick three quarters of an hour. Then I had to leave home at 7:30 and get up at 6:30.C: Oh, gracious me!D: So I’m not sure if you save much really.C: Jet travel, my goodness me! It was worth the experience, though?。

Unit 1 Part I A1. Oxford / commitment / academic record2. oldest/ largest / reputation / research / science3. first / Australia / 150 years / excels4. excellence / 17.000 / location5. largest / 1883 / situated / 26,0006. 1636 / enrollment / 18,500/ schools7. awards / degrees / 20,000 8. located / 135 / thirdB1.2,700 languages / 7,000 dialects / regional / pronunciation2.official / language3.One billion / 20 percent4.Four hundred million / first / 600 million / second / foreign5.500,000 words / Eighty percent / other6.Eighty percent / computers7.African country / same8.1,000 / Africa9.spaceship / 1977 / 55 / message / the United StatesC 1 – (a) 2 – ( c) 3 – ( d) 4 – (b )All right, class. Today we’re going to be looking at different language learning styles. You may be surprised to find that there are different ways of going about learning languages, none of which is necessarily better than the others. Researchers have identified four basic learner “types”–the communicative learner, the analytical learner, the authority-oriented learner and the concrete learner. Communicative learners like to learn by watching and listening to native speakers. At home, they like to learn by watching TV and videos. They like to learn new words by hearing them. In class, they like to learn by having conversations. Now, concrete learners like to lean by playing games, by looking at pictures and videos in class, talking in pairs, and by listening to cassettes at home and school. Now, authority-oriented learners, on the other hand, like the teacher to explain everything. They like to write everything down in their notebook, and they like to have a textbook. They like to learn new words by seeing them. And finally, we have analytical learners. These learners like to learn by studying grammar. At home, they like to learn by studying English books, and they like to study by themselves. They like to find their own mistakes. Now, of course, it’s unusual for a person to be exclusively one “type” rather than another. Most of us are mixtures of styles. What type of learner do you think you are?Part II A3GCSE examinations students / higher educationstudent/ second year / high school / collegegeneral exam / School Certificatesitting University Entrance Examinationbachelor’s degree: 3/ 4 yearsmaster’s degree: another year or two doctorate: a further 3-7 yearsWell, in Britain, from the ages of five to about eleven you start off at a primary school, and then from eleven to sixteen you go on to a secondary school or a comprehensive school and at sixteen you take GCSE examinations. After this, some children take vocational courses or even start work. Others stay on at school for another two years to take A levels. And at the age of eighteen, after A levels, they might finish their education or go on to a course of higher education at a college or university, and that’s usually for three years.Well, it depends on what state you’re in but most kids in the United States start school at about six when they go to elementary school and that goes from the first grade up to the sixth grade. Somekids go to a kindergarten the year before that. Then they go on to junior high school, that’s about eleven, and that’s the seventh, eighth and ninth grades. And then they go on to senior high school around age fourteen starting in the tenth grade and finishing in the twelfth grade usually. Some students will leave school at sixteen and they’ll start work, but most of them stay on to graduate from high school at age eighteen. In the first year at high school or college students are called “freshmen”, in the second they’re called “sophomores”, in the third year we call them “juniors”and in the fourth year they’re called “seniors”. Now a lot of high school graduates then go to college or university and they do a four-year first degree course. Some of them might go to junior college which is a two-year course.Well, in Australia, well most states anyway, children start their primary education at five after perhaps a brief time in kindergarten. They will stay at primary school until they’re about eleven, then they’ll either stay there or go to an intermediate school for a couple of years. Then they start high school usually twelve or thirteen, which you start in the third form. Now, after three years at high school you sit a general exam, some states call it School Certificate and that is a sort of general qualification and that if a sort of general qualification. After that you can leave school at sixteen or you can go on and sit your University Entrance Examination, which then gives you entrée into a university or it’s another useful qualification, and from then on you go to various sorts of higher education.Education in Canada is a provincial responsibility, but schools are administered by local school boards.Kindergarten is for children who are four or five years old. Children begin formal full-day schooling in Grade 1, when they are about six years old. They must stay in school at least until they are sixteen. However, most students continue to finish high school. Some go to college or university. Each year of schooling represents one grade. (The school year extends from the beginning of September to the end of June.) Elementary school includes kindergarten to about Grade 8. Secondary school (or high school) may start in Grade 8, 9, or 10 and it usually continues until Grade 12.In Canada, students may go to university or to a community college. If they want to learn skills for specific job, they attend college for one or four years to get a diploma or certificate. For example, lab technicians, child-care workers, and hotel managers go to college. Universities offer degree programs as well as training professions, such as law, medicine, and teaching.Universities offer three main levels of degrees. Students earn a bachelor’s degree after three or four years of study. A master’s degree can take another year or two. A doctorate may take a further three to seven years to complete.B1 Idioms / vocabulary / French / spelling / pronunciationB2 1. F 2. T 3. FI – Interviewer P – ProfessorI: And now we have an interview with Professor J. T. Lingo, Professor of Linguistics at ChimoUniversity, who is here to talk to us about the growing business of teaching English. Good morning, professor Lingo.P: Good morning.I: I understand that teaching English is becoming “big business” all around the world.P: It seems that language schools are springing up everywhere.I: Why is that?P: With the move toward a global economy, English has become the most widely used language in the world. It is the language of business, aviation, science and international affairs and people find that they must learn English to compete in those fields.I: And do people find English an easy language to learn?P: Well, every language has something about it that other people find difficult to learn. English is such a hodgepodge of different languages–it’s essentially Germanic but a lot of its vocabulary comes from French, and technical words stem from Latin and Greek. This feature makes English fairly adaptable – which is a good thing for a world language– but it causes irregularity in spelling and pronunciation.I: English spelling baffles me, too.P: English also has the largest vocabulary. Often there are words for the same thing, one is Anglo-Saxon and one from the French – like “buy” which is Anglo-Saxon and “purchase” which is from the French. The French word often has more prestige.I: Anglo-Saxon?P: That’s the word for Old English. The Norman Conquest in 1066 brought the French language to Britain and helped English evolve into the English it is today.I: Is there anything else particularly difficult about English?P: Well, the idioms in informal English pose a problem for some students.I: Informal English?P: As with any language, there are different varieties: slang, colloquial. Formal, written, as well as the different dialects – British, American and Canadian English.I: And how is Canadian English different from American and British?P: Canadian English is closer to American in pronunciation and idiom. Some of our words and our spellings do reflect British usage, however. We wouldn’t use the British term “lorry” for truck, but we have kept the “o-u-r” spellings in words such as “honour” and “colour”.I: This has been very interesting. I’m afraid we’re out of time. It has been a pleasure talking to you.PartIIIUniversity Life A1 I. Age / Foreign student population II. 15 hrs (+2 or 3 for lab) / Discussion group: 15-20 / much smaller / informal, friendly / 2-3 hrs: 1 hrToday I’d like to give you some idea about how life at an American university or college might be different from the way it is in your country. To be sure, the student body on a U. S. campus is a pretty diverse group of people. First of all, you will find students of all ages. Although most students start college at around the age of 18, you will see students in their 30s and 40s and even occasionally in their 60s and 70s. Students on a U.S. campus come from a wide variety of socioeconomic backgrounds. Many students work at least part-time, some of them work full-time. Many students live in dormitories on campus, some have their own apartments usually with other students, and others live at home. Some colleges and universities have a very diverse student population with many racial and ethnic minorities. Some schools have a fairly large foreign student population. So you can see that one meets all kinds of people on a U.S. college or university campus. Now that you have some general idea of differences in the student population, I’d like to talk a few minutes about what I think an average student is and then discuss with you what a typical class might be like.Let’s begin my talking about an average student entering his or her freshman year. Of course, such a person never really exists, but still it’s convenient to talk about an “average”student for ourpurposes. Foreign students are often surprised at how poorly prepared American students are when they enter a university. Actually, at very select schools the students are usually very well prepared, but at less selective schools, they may not be as well prepared as students in your country are. Schools in the States simply admit a lot more students than is usual in most other countries. Also, most young American university students have not traveled in other countries and are not very well-versed in international matters and do not know a lot about people from other countries. Foreign students usually find them friendly but not very well-informed about their countries or cultures.What kind of academic experiences will this so-called “average”student have? The average undergraduate student takes five classes a semester and is in class for 15 hours a week. If her or she takes a class that has a laboratory, this will require tow or three more hours. Many introductory undergraduate classes are given in large lectures of 100 or more students. However, many of these classes will have small discussion groups of 15 to 20 students that meet once a week. In these smaller groups, a teaching assistant will lead a discussion to help classify points in the lectures. Other kinds of classes – for example, language classes – will be much smaller so that students can practice language. In general, American professors are informal and friendly with their students, and, as much as possible, they expect and invite participation in the form of discussion. A large amount of reading and other work is often assigned to be done outside class, and students are expected to take full responsibility for completing these assignments and asking questions in class about those areas they don’t understand. As a rule of thumb, students spend two to three hours preparing for each hour they spend in class. American professors often encourage their students to visit them during office hours, especially if the students are having problems in the class.A2 II. Examinations / quizzesIII. Graduate school / Seminars / some area of interest / a research paperLet’s move on now to discuss student obligations in a typical American class. These obligations are usually set down in the course syllabus. A syllabus is generally handed out to students on the first or second class meeting. A good syllabus will give students a course outline that mentions all the topics to be covered in class. It will also contain all the assignments and the dates they should be completed by. An average university course of one semester might have three examinations or two examinations and a paper. The dates of the examinations and what the examinations will cover should be on the syllabus. If a paper id required, the date it is due should also be in the syllabus. The professor may also decide that he or she will be giving quizzes during the semester, either announced or unannounced. For students coming from a system where there is one examination in each subject at the end of the year, all this testing can be a little surprising at first. By the by, maybe this would be a good place for me to mention the issue of attendance. Another real difference in our system is out attendance policies. Perhaps you come from a system where attendance is optional. Generally speaking, American professors expect regular attendance and may even grade you down if you are absent a lot. All this information should be on your syllabus, along with the professor’s office number and office hours.I have only a couple of hours left, and I’d like to use them to talk about how graduate school is somewhat different from undergraduate school. Of course, it’s much more difficult to enter graduate school, and most students are highly qualified and high motivated. Students in graduate school are expected to do much more independent work than those in undergraduate schools, withregularly scheduled exams, etc. some classes will be conducted as seminars. In a seminar class, there may be no exams, but students are expected to read rather widely on topics and be prepared for thorough discussion of them in class. Another possibility in graduate classes is that in addition to readings done by all students, each student may also be expected to work independently in some area of interest and later make a presentation that summarizes what her or she has learned. Usually each student then goes on to write a paper on what he or she has researched to turn in to the professor for a grade.I hope that today’s lecture has given you some idea about student life on an American campus and that you have noticed some difference between our system and yours.B2 to make mistakes / every new thing / the language/ Working outside the classroomPassive / the teach / stick his neck out / more likely to be right than himselfHow would you describe a good student or a bad student, sort of things they do or don’t do in the classroom?He’s eager to experiment with every new thing that he learns, whether it be a structure of a function or a new word, he immediately starts trying to use it.He’s interested in the mistakes he makes, he’s not afraid to make them.He’s not simply interested in having it corrected and moving on?He plays with language.I’ve done this chapter I know this, without trying to experiment at all, without really testing himself.He’s usually passive, he won’t speak up much in the classroom. He’ll rarely ask you why this …Just sort of accepts what you give him and doesn’t do anything more with it.… and in a test he’s the one person who’s likely to suddenly realize that he wasn’t too sure about that after all.And peep over at his neighbor’s paper.An alternative learning strategy.He invariably decides that the other person is more likely to be right than himself. That’s the result of this sort of unwillingness to make mistakes and stick his neck out.That characterizes the good or bad learner?He’ll do more off his own bat as well, he won’t rely entirely on the teacher.He’ll work outside the classroom as well as in it.Students who make most progress are first of all those who experiment and secondly those who read books.Part IV University Campus A2. the History Department3. the Psychology Department4. the Library5. the Education Department6. the Philosophy Department7. the Geography Department8. the Sports Ground9. the Foreign Languages Department 10. the Chinese Department 11. the Physics Department 12. the Mathematics Department 13. the Chemistry Department 14. the Clinic 15. the Auditorium 16. the AdministrationBuildingLook at the map. At the bottom of the page, fine the gate (1). Now locate 16. It is between the river and the lake, close to the Main Road. The building behind the Administration is 15. Where is 4? It’s on the right-hand side of theMain Road, close to the river. Across the Main road from the Library, the building by the river is 5. The first building on the left-hand side of the Main Road is 7. 6 is between the Education and the Geography. The building at the end of the Main Road is 12.on its left is 11 and on its right, near the lake, is 13. Another building behind the like is 14. 10 is facing the lake, across the Main Road. The building between the Chinese Department and the river is 9. 2 is the first building on the right of the Main Road. Next to the History Department is 3. And last, 8 is behind the Education, Philosophy and Geography Departments.B Robert Martin / biology / next fall / six years in a public school in the hometown; two years in a military school, high school in the hometown / science (biology in particular), sportsSo I had to earn a little money to help pay my way.It sounds as if you’re a pretty responsible fellow. I see that you attended two grade schools.I don’t find a transcript among your papers.But it’s hard to keep up with both sports and studies.I’ll hold your application until we get the transcript.What did your guidance counselor tell you?He told me I had a real knack for scientific things. I have been fascinated with science since I was a child. An interest of that kind really signifies something.Unit 2 Colorful lands, colorful people16,998,000 / 64,186,300/ 840,000 / 1,000,000 / 3,320,000 / 143,244 / 32,483 / 2,966,000 / 5,105,700 / 29,028 / -1,312 / 5,315 / 36,198 / 4,145 /The biggest continent in the world is Asia. It covers 16,998,000 square miles.The Pacific Ocean is the largest ocean with 64,186,300 square miles.Which is the biggest island? It’s Greenland. It occupies an area of 840,000 square miles.The ArabiaPeninsula is the largest peninsula and has an area of 1, 000,000 square miles.Do you know which is the largest desert?Yes, it’s the SaharaDesert in North Africa. It covers 3,320,000 square miles.The biggest saltwater lake is the Caspian Sea, which is 143,244 square miles large.Lake Superior is the biggest fresh water lake and it covers a total area of 32,483 square miles. The smallest continent is Oceania, with an area of 2,966,000 square miles, and the smallest ocean is the Arctic Ocean with 5,105,700 square miles.You all know the world’s highest peak, don’t you? Mt.Qomolangma (or Mt.Everest) is 29,028 feet above sea level. In contrast, the lowest altitude in the world is the Dead Sea, 1,312 feet below sea level, or you can say -1,312 feet.The deepest lake is Baykal in Russia. The depth is 5,315 feet.Mariana Trench near the Philippines is the deepest oceanic trench, with a depth of 36, 198 feet. The longest river in the world is the Nile in Africa. It is 4, 145 miles long.B1,243,738,000 / 955,220,000 / 267,901,000 / 199,867,000 / 159,884,000 / 147,105,000 / 138,150,000 / 125,638,000 / 122,013,000 / 118,369,000 / 96,400,000 / 82,071,0001.The country with the largest population in the world is China. According to the 1997 census,the total population was 1,243,738,000.2.The second largest in population is India. It listed a population of 955,220,000 in 1997.3.And the third largest is the United States, with its estimated population of 267,901,000 in1997.4.Which country is the fourth largest in population? It’s Indonesia. About 199,867,000 peoplelive there.5.Brazil ranks the fifth in its population. There the population was 159,884,000.6.Next comes the Russian Federation, with a population of 147,105,000.7.The seventh in line is Pakistan, with an estimated population of 138,150,000.8.Japan is the country with the eighth largest population. Its population estimated in 1997reached 125,638,000.9.The next larges country in population is Bangladesh. The estimated population was122,013,000 in 1997.10.Nigeria in Africa ranks the tenth in its population. There are about 118,369,000 people livingthere.11.The eleventh? Mexico. According to statistics, its population was 96, 400, 000 in 1997.12.And last, the twelfth larges is Germany. Its 1997 census showed it had a population of82,071,000.CChinese 1,300 million / Spanish 332 million /English 322 million / 189 million / 182 million / 170 million / Russian 170 million / Japanese 125 million / German 98 million / 75.5 million / Korean 75 million / French 72 million / Vietnamese 67 million / 66 million / 64 million / 63 million / Turkish 59 million / 58 million / 44 million / Polish 44 million / Arabic 42.5 million / 41 millionDo you know which languages are spoken by more than 40 million people?Chinese has the largest number of speakers, more than 1,300 million. Next, Spanish is spoken by 332 million people. The next on the line is English, which has more than 322 million speakers. Number 4, Bengali is spoken by 189 million people. Next comes Hindi, the language spoken chiefly in India, which has 182 million speakers. Portuguese and Russian are next on the line and they are both spoken by 170 million people. Number 8, Japanese is spoken by 125 million. Next, German has 98 million speakers, while Javanese has 75.5 million. We have Korean on the list with 75 million, and it is followed by French, which is spoken by 72 million. Number 13, Vietnamese is spoken by 67 million and Telugu is spoken by 66 million. Next, we have Marathi on the list and it has 64 million speakers. Marathi is followed by Tamil, with 63 million speakers. Next comes Turkish, the language spoken in Turkey, and it has 59 million speakers. Number 18, Urdu is spoken by 58 million people. Gujarati has 44 million speakers, and Polish is also spoken by 44 million people. Number 21, which 42.5 million people speak, is Arabic and last, the number of people who speak Ukrainian is 41 million.Part II1. A baby boy2.social/ ecological/ populations3.longer/ healthierA baby boy born in Bosnia-Herzegovina overnight has officially been named the world’s six billionth inhabitant.Although several other babies are likely to have been born at the same time elsewhere in the world, the United Nations had declared that the first child to be delivered at the KosovoHospital in Sarajevo today would symbolize the passing of the mark.The U Secretary General is visiting the mother and her son as a UN attempt to draw attention to the social and ecological problems of rapidly expanding populationsThe boy who came into the world a short time ago in Bosnia to such international acclaim willbe sharing a birthday with a few hundred thousand people and in the next year another eighty million will be joining him on the planet. The earth’s population has doubled since 1960 and with more than a billion young people just entering their productive years. The population growth has plenty of momentum. But birth control programs are beginning to have an impact. Demographers predict that by the middle of the new century the global count will level off at something under ten billion. The UN population agency has presented today’s achievement as a success for humanity, pointing out that people are living longer and healthier lives than any generation in the history.B b c aThe boy will be sharing a birthday with a few hundred thousand people and in the next year, another eighty million will be joining him on the planet.The earth’s population has doubled since 1960 and with more than a billion young people just entering their productive years.Demographers predict that by the middle of the new century, the global count will level off at something under ten billion.Part IIIAwater/ 70% red or brown/ plant cover snow/ continents islandsarms of the ocean connecting a channel valleys plainsB 12 million / 2/ 10 million/10/ 3/ 6/ 4/16 million/ 18 million1. Mexico City2. Sao Paulo3. Rio de Janeiro4. Bombay5. Delhi6. Shanghia7. SeoulI-Interview E-ExpertI: In Britain we are often told that people are leaving the big cities to live in the countryside but is this the case worldwide?E: Not at all. If you look at the biggest cities in 1950, seven out of the top ten were in the developed countries but by the year 2000, the developing countries will have eight out of the top ten. New York, which in 1950 was number one with a population of around 12 million, will only be the sixth largest city in the world but with an extra 2 million.I: And London?E: London, which was number two, won’t even be in the top ten. Its population in 1950, by the way, was about 10 million.I: And why is this happening? Why are people moving to the big cities from the country in the developing countries?E: The reasons are complex but many are moving to look for work. And the problems this creates are enormous. It’s estimated that 26 million people will be living in Mexico City by the year 2000, with Sao Paulo in Brazil not far behind.I: I t’s difficult to believe.E: I know. Rio de Janeiro will have a population of a mere 13 million. Well, just imagine the kinds of difficulties this is going to cause in terms of health, transport and education.I: Yes. What about the cities of Asia? Will they be experiencing a similar sort of growth?E: In some cases, yes. Calcutta in India which was No. 10 in the league in 1950 is expected to be the fourth biggest city in the world with a population of 16 million- quadrupling its size in just 50 years. Bombay and Delhi too are expected to be in the top ten.I: What about Japan?E: Ah! Well, Tokyo was number three in 1950 and that’s where it’ll be at the beginning of the nextcentury, although its population will have trebled to about 18 million. Looking at the other major cities in Asia, Shanghai and Seoul will be in the top ten as well but, perhaps surprisingly, not Beijing or Hong Kong.I: Now, if we could turn our attention to home, what about the trend of people moving out of the cities…Part IV skills /the main idea/what/recognize/central / important/direction/ purpose/inform/compare/answer/stated/atopicsentence/ first/ details/ difficult/ persuade/ end/ implied/ hinted at/a wholeUnit 3 Traveling from Place to Place PartⅠABA912/11:20/17BA877/11:20/14BA292/11:25/19TW695/11:30/164EA831/11:35/24BA838/9IB290/11:35/15LH039/11:40/9BA666/11:40/18AI141/6BA560/22Last call for British airways flight BA912 for Tokyo. BA912 for Tokyo due to depart at 11:20 boarding at gate 17.British airways flight BA877 to Boston. British airways flight BA877 to Boston duo to depart at 11:20 boarding now at gate 14.British airways flight BA292 for Frankfurt, Athens and Karachi. Flight BA292 for Frankfurt, Athens and Karachi duo to depart at 11:25 now board at gate 19.TWA flight, TW695to NewYork. TW A flight TW695 to NewYork departing at 11:30 boarding at gate 16.BTea, soft drinks, coffee, Egg and tomato, ham and tomato, egg and chips, roast chicken, cheeseburgersTape script:Chief Steward: may I have your attention please, ladies and gentlemen? This is the chief steward speaking. We would like to inform all passengers that the buffet car is now open. The buffet car is situated towards the middle of the train. On sale are tea, coffee and soft drinks, a selection of fresh and toasted sandwiches including egg and tomato, ham and tomato, egg and cress, roast chicken and toasted cheese; cheeseburgers, beef burgers and sausages and a licensed bar. The buffet car is situated towards the middle of the train. Thank you.PartⅡ9:15/10:3010:30/13:30Quick/beautiful view /frequent service (hourly)/modern/comfortable/lovely view from dining car Have to get Gatwick airport/ expensive quite crowded/quite expensiveA-Annabel C-Charles D-DouglasD: Ah! That’s much better!C: Ah! That’s yours, I think…er…Doug.D: Thank you very much, Charles.C: Right. You have a good journey then, Douglas?D: Yes I did, I did. I must say the plane was marvelous, marvelous.C: Very quick, then?D: Er…the plane journey was terrifically quick…er…I mean, you…er…what…you met me about 9…er…what…er…10…10:45.C: About 10:30.。

英语听力1课程教学大纲课程编号：一、说明（一）课程性质必修课（二）教学目的通过专门系统的、严格的听力技能训练，培养学生听力兴趣、听力理解能力和正确的听音方法，为他们今后使用英语进行交际和工作奠定坚实的基础。

（三）教学主要内容英语数字、时间、新闻等。

（四）教学时数32学时（五）教学方式在教学过程中坚持精听和泛听相结合，课内外相结合，循序渐进。

（六）适用对象英语专业大一学生二、教学内容及安排Unit 1 Eduction Is Key教学要点：如何抓住听力内容大意。

教学时数：4学时教学内容：Prt I: Wrming upPrt II: Eductionl systemsPrt III: University lifePrt IV: University cmpus考核要求：掌握并能实际运用本章所学内容。

Unit 2 Colorful Lnds, Colorful People教学要点：如何做笔记。

教学时数：4学时教学内容：Prt I: Wrming upPrt II: The world's six billionth inhbitntPrt III: Fetures of the erthPrt IV: Short tlks on Listening skills考核要求：掌握并能实际运用本章所学内容。

Unit 3 Trveling from Plce to Plce 教学要点：如何听取细节。

教学时数：2学时教学内容：Prt I: Wrming upPrt II: It's the only wy to trvelPrt III: V ill RentlsPrt IV: Lnguge study nd lnguge pprecition 考核要求：掌握并能实际运用本章所学内容。

Unit 4 pproching Culture教学要点：如何听英语数字。

教学时数：2学时教学内容：Prt I: Wrming upPrt II: Plces to enjoyPrt III: Life here nd therePrt IV: Interntionl business考核要求：掌握并能实际运用本章所学内容。

Unit 1 Education Is a KeyPart4 University campusAKey words:administration/ auditorium/ clinic/ mathematics/ chemistry/ physics/ library/ history/ Chinese/ education/ philosophy/ foreign languages/ sports ground/ psychologyVocabulary:auditoriumYou are going to hear some information about the layout of a university campus. Listen carefully. Write down the names of different places in the right positions on the map.1. gate2. the History Department3. the Psychology Department4. the Library5. the Education Department6. the Philosophy Department7. the Geography Department8. the Sports Ground9. the Foreign Languages Department10. the Chinese Department11. the Physics Department12. the Mathematics Department13. the Chemistry Department14. the Clinic15. the Auditorium16. the Administration BuildingTape script:Look at the map. At the bottom of the page, find the gate (1). Now locate the Administration (16). It is between the river and the lake, close the Main Road. The building behind the Administration is the Auditorium (15). Where is the Library (4)? It’s on the right-hand side of the Main Road, close to the river. Across the Main Road from the Library, the building by the river is the Education Department (5). The first building on the left-hand side of the Main Road is the Geography Department (7). The Philosophy Department (6) is between the Education and the Geography. The building at the end of the Main Road is the Mathematics Department (12). On its left is the Physics Department (11) and on its right, near the lake, is the Chemistry Department (13).Another building behind the lake is the Clinic (14). The Chinese Department (10) is facing the lake, across the Main Road. The building between the Chinese Department and the river is the Foreign Languages Department (9). The History Department (2) is the first building on the right of the Main Road. Next to the History Department is the Psychology Department (3). And last, the Sports Ground (8) is behind the Education, Philosophy and Geography Departments.BKey words:application/ university/ transcript/ major inVocabulary:transcript/ counselor/ knackA student is applying for a university. Fill in the application from with the information you hear.Application FormName of the applicant Robert MartinMajor biologyTime to enter university next fallAcademic backgroundsix years in a public school in the hometown; two years in a military school; high school in the hometownSpecial interestsscience (biology in particular), sportsUnit 4 Approaching CulturePart 1 Warming upCKey words:holiday/ celebration/ observe/ feast/ in honor of/ commemorate/ celebrateVocabulary:seasonal/ affection/ anonymously/ lunar/ unsuspecting/ victim/ annual/ tradesman/staff patroness/ spinster/ missionary/ patron saint/ movablethe Canal Zone/ Philippine Islands/ Saint Catherine/ Saint PatrickListen to the following holidays which are observed in different areas around the world. Write the date and the area.Tape script:The word “holiday” comes from the word “holy” and “day”. Originally holidays were holy or religious days. Nowadays holidaysinclude national, seasonal and historical days of celebration. Here are some traditional holidays in some countries.●February 14 is Valentine’s Day. It is observed in some European and North American countries. People send cards or gifts expressing love and affection sometimes anonymously to their sweethearts or friends.●Feast of Dolls in Japan falls on March 2. It is observed there in honor of girls.●Feast of Banners in Japan is on May 5. It is observed in honor of boys.●May 5 is Dragon Boat Festival in China and is held according to the Chinese Lunar Calendar. People eat rice cakes and hold dragon boat races to commemorate the ancient scholar-statesman Qu Yuan.●August 15 is Mid-Autumn Festival in China. It is held accordingto the Chinese Lunar Calendar. People eat moon cakes while looking at the bright full moon.●April Fools’ Day is on April 1. In some European countries andin North America, people play practical jokes or tricks on each other and those unsuspecting victims are called April Fools●July 14 is Bastille Day. It is an annual holiday in France to commemorate the fall of the Bastille.●December 26 is Boxing Day in Britain, Canada, and the U.S. It is observed as a holiday from the custom of giving Christmas boxes to the tradesmen and staff on this day.●May Day, known also as International Labor Day, is a public holiday in many European countries, the Canal Zone, Philippine Island, and the Latin American countries. It falls on May 1, and is celebrated especially by the working people.●November 25 is Saint Catherine’s Day. The French celebrate this playful holiday in honor of Saint Catherine, the patroness of spinsters, or unmarried women. The day is observed mainly by the Parisian sewing girls who are over 25 and unmarried. It is a day for fun, parades, dances, and receptions.●March 17 is Saint Patrick’s Day. This is Ireland’s greatest national holiday. The date marks the anniversary of the death of the missionary who became the patron saint of Ireland. Green is the color of the day.●Mother’s Day is a movable holiday. It falls on the 2nd Sunday in May. Mother’s Day was founded by Miss Anna M. Jarvis of Philadelphia. It is now observed in countries all around the world, including England, France, Sweden, Denmark, India, China, and Mexico.Part 3 Life here and thereBKey words:sign/ gesture/ approval/ disapproval/ positive/negative/ nonverbalVocabulary:observe/ offense/smack/ suck/ index finger/ thumb/ fingertip/ tilt/ screw/ poke/ twist/ utter/ palm/pucker/ toss/ irritating/ brush-offListen to the passage “Gestures of approval and disapproval. While listening, act out each gesture is. Refer to the pictures if you don’t know a gesture. And then complete the caption below each of the pictures. The country names in the following box are for your reference.Gestures of ApprovalThumbs up in France and some Latin American countriesTwo thumps up in KenyaThe thumb and all fingers together (a hand purse) in TunisiaTilted head in GreeceDownward nodding in Lebanon and IranRaised eyebrows in TongaCheek screw in ItalyFingertips kiss in Europe and Latin AmericaGestures of DisapprovalThe shaking hand in Mexico, Costa Rica, and JapanThe shaking index finger in Bolivia, Honduras and LebanonPuckering lips inBarbadosThumbs up in BangladeshUpward nod in Greece, Iran and ItalyPart 4 International businessKey words:do business/ up tip/ nationalityVocabulary:punctual/ contact/ designer clothes/ casual/ title/ business card/ deal/ chaos/ careerAListen to the following passage on international business. After the passage you will hear five statements. Decide whether they are true or false. Write “T” or “F” in the brackets.1. (F)2. (F)3. (T)4. (T)5. (F)BListen again. Match the verbs in Column A with the words in Column B to make expressionsThat appeared in the text.ColumnA Column B1.dress a. puncture2.make b. on a deal3.do c. to know someone4.participate d. casual clothes5.get e. down to business6.agree f..a bad impression7.use g. formally8.be h. titles9.wear i. in a meeting10.get j. business1-(g) 2-(f) 3-(j) 4-(i) 5-(e) 6-(b) 7-(h) 8-(a) 9-(d) 10-(c)Tape script:China is the biggest market in the world, and many countries suchas Germany, the USA, the UK and Russia do a lot of business there.Let’s have a look at some important tips to help you be successful with these nationalities.Firstly, you must be punctual with Germans. Even 5 minutes late makes a bad impression. Being punctual is also very important in the USA. In the UK, it’s important to be punctual for business meetings, but nobody expects you to be on time for a social event. Half past seven really means quarter to eight, or even eight o’clock! With Russian contact is very late! It is not unusual for them to be one or even tow hours late!In all four countries, it is best to dress formally and use dark colors. In Russia, designer clothes are very common. Don’t be surprised if you go to an office in the UK on a Friday and find everyone wearing jeans. Many companies have “dress down Friday,” when people wearcasual clothes.In Germany, first names are only used with family members and close friends, so be prepared to use titles and last names. In the USA youwill usually be invited to use first names almost in immediately. The British are quite informal and using first names in business is more and more common, especially among younger people. In Russia, however, nobody uses first names, so use titles and last names.In conversation, the British and the Americans value humor, andboth like to talk about sport. The weather is also a good topic ofconservation with the British, but avoid talking about politics. In Russia, avoid making complaints. The Germans, however, prefer to get straight down to business!。

Book 1 Unit 8 Trends in EconomicsPart I Warming upI.Vocabulary and background knowledge for this part:A: 1. release oil: end the restriction on oil; make oil available放开对石油的控制2. common import tax统一进口税，统一关税3. stock prices股票价格4. aerospace: the atmosphere and outer space considered as a whole航空航天5. Burma: a country of southeast Asia on the Bay of Bengal and the Andaman Sea缅甸6. Rangoon: the capital and largest city of Burma 仰光（缅甸首都）7. the Gulf Cooperation Council海湾合作委员会8. the New York Stock Exchange纽约股票交易所(NYSE)9. MCI美国著名的通讯公司10. WorldCom世界电讯公司11. Riyad利雅得（沙特阿拉伯的首都）B: 12. peace and security: the state of being free from danger or injury和平与安全/稳定13. inflation: a general and progressive increase in prices通货膨胀14. demonstrator: ['demənstreitə] someone who participates in a public display of group feeling示威者15. senate: ['senət] assembly possessing high legislative powers参议院16. Dutch: of or relating to the Netherlands or its people or culture荷兰的17. Manila [mə'nilə] 马尼拉（菲律宾首都）18. the Federal Reserve Board 美国联邦制度理事会/ (美国)联邦储备金监察小组19. Czech [tʃek] Republic捷克共和国 cf. chic [ʃi:k] 时尚,时髦；别致C: 20. loan: the temporary provision of money (usually at interest)贷款21. budget ['bʌdʒit] plan: a summary of intended expenditures along with proposals for how to meet them预算22. limiting production限制生产23: index: a number or ratio (a value on a scale of measurement) derived from a series of observed facts; can reveal relative changes as a function of time指数24. prime rate: 银行优惠贷款利率；最低银行利率25. cabinet ['kæbinət]: persons appointed by a head of state to head executive departments of government and act as official advisers内阁26. barrel: a bulging cylindrical shape; hollow with flat ends一桶的量；装满的桶27. indicator: a number or ratio (a value on a scale of measurement) derived from a series of observed facts; can reveal relative changes as a function of time; a device for showing the operating condition of some system指标28. work force: the force of workers available劳动力Ⅱ. Key to this part:Part IA.1.$25,000,000,0002.$161,000,0003.$37,000,000,000 / 28,000,000,000-dollar / $24,000,000,0004.30,000,0005.$1,000,000,0006. 5.5%/7.5%7.550/ 7%8.0.25% , 4.75%, 4.5%Tapescript:You are going to hear some simple news items which include numbers ranging from 0.25 to 37,000,000,000. Listen carefully. Write down the numbers rapidly.1. British Aerospace plans to buy the part of General Electric Company of Britain that makes defence electronics. The deal is worth $25,000,000,000.2. Canada will hold a meeting of American leaders in April to discuss trade and economic issues. Canada now has a trade surplus of $161,000,000 a year with Central America.3. Owners of MCI Communications have agreed to sell the company to the American communications company WorldCom. The price is $37,000,000,000 in stock. WorldCom defeated a 28,000,000,000-dollar / 28,000,000,000 dollars offer by GGE. MCI also refused the British company Telecom’s offer to unite the two companies by an agreement worth about $24,000,000,000.4. President Clinton will release 30,000,000 barrels of oil from the United States’ emergency supply. The move is designed to ease heating oil shortage expected this year.5. RANGOON --- The United Nations and the World Bank have offered Burma $1,000,000,000 in aid. A UN special diplomat made the offer to Burmese leaders last month.6. Representatives of the six nations of the Gulf Cooperation Council have agreed to common import taxes. Officials at the meeting in Riyad said representatives agreed to set the common tax on some goods at 5.5%. The tax on other goods will be7.5%.7. The New York Stock Exchange halted trading early after suffering one of the worst market drops in history. Stock prices fell more than 550 points. That is a loss of more than 7%.8. United States’ Central Bank officials are reducing interest rates for the third time this year. The bank officials cut by 0.25% the rate that banks charge each other for short-term loans. That rate now will be 4.75%. The Central Bank made the same reduction in the rate it charges member banks for overnight loans. The rate now will be 4.5%.B.1. increasing their protests against rising fuel prices2. a meeting of African nations3. the Czech Republic/ by early 2003/ a conference of EU members4. Central Bank governors/ Britain, Canada, France, Germany, Japan and the United States5. reduce the amount of oil/ harming their economies6. cutting taxes on oil products7. increase trade/ bring peace and security to the area/ in Manila8. support policies that keep inflation flow9. open Japanese ports to foreign companies10. his country’s economy/ a leading manufacturing and financial centerTapescript:Now listen to some simple news items. Focus your attention on “who”, “what”, “when”, “where”, “why” and “how” in each lead and write down what you hear in the given spaces.1. Angry demonstrators are increasing their protests against rising fuel prices. World oil prices have reached a ten-year high of about $135 a barrel.2. China has opened a meeting of African nations. Representatives of more than 40 African nations are attending the three-day meeting in Beijing.3. Dutch Prime Minister says the Czech Republic could become a member of the European Union by early 2003. The Prime Minister told reporters that the final date would be decided by a conference of EU members.4. Finance ministers and Central Bank governors of seven leading industrial nations are meeting in Washington. Officials from Britain, Canada, France, Germany, Japan and the United States are attending the meeting.5. Iran and Saudi Arabia say they will try to reduce the amount of oil now on the world market in an attempt to increase the low prices that are harming their economies.6. Leaders of the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries have urged rich countries to lower oil prices by cutting taxes on oil products.7. Leaders of the ten-member Association of Southeast Asian Nations have promised to speed efforts to increase trade and to bring peace and security to the area. They made the statement at the end of their yearly meeting in Manila.8. The Chairman of the Federal Reserve Board has told a senate committee that he will support policies that keep inflation low.9. The United States and Japan have signed an agreement that will open Japanese ports to foreign companies.10. And in Singapore, Prime Minister says his country’s economy has increased almost 4 percent for the first half of 1999. Experts say the country has become a leading manufacturing and financial center.C.1. 93,000,0002. 97,000,000/ 133,000,0003. 1.5 %, 16%4. 100,000,0005. 210, 000,000,000/ 5.1%6. 17,500,0007. 1.3%8. 9.5%, 0.1%, 10,500,0009. 27,000,000,00010. 0.6%Tapescript:You are going to hear some simple news items, which include numbers ranging from 0.1 to 27,000,000,000. Listen carefully. Write down the numbers rapidly.1. A record number of shares, almost 93,000,000 were traded Tuesday on the New York Stock Exchange.2. Trading was heavy again Friday on the New York Stock Exchange. About 97,000,000 shares were traded, a number second only to the record 133,000,000 shares traded Wednesday.3. Manufacturers’ Hanover Trust Company of New York and the First National Bank of Chicago both reduced their prime rate 1.5% to 1.6%.4. The World Bank has approved a 100,000,000 dollar loan to the Ivory Coast.5. Japan’s cabinet has approved a proposed budget plan for next year. The 210,000,000 dollar budget will reduce total spending. Military spending will be increased 5.1%.6. Oil ministers of the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries have agreed to continue limiting production to 17,500,000 barrels of oil a day.7. The Commerce Department said its index of leading economic indicators rose 1.3% in July, the fourth month it has increased.8. Unemployment in the United States rose last month to 9.5% of the American work force, the hightest rate since World War II.9. Poland owes foreign countries about 27,000,000,000 dollars.10. The Labor Department reports that wholesale prices increased by only 0.6% in August.Part II Nobel Prize winner for economicsI.Vocabulary for this part:1. national savings: 国民储蓄2. the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences瑞典皇家科学院3. macroeconomics: the branch of economics that studies the overall working of a national economy宏观经济学4. credit: money available for a client to borrow信用5. stagflation: a period of slow economic growth and high unemployment (stagnation) while prices rise (inflation) 滞涨；停滞性膨胀II.Key to this part:A. Listen to a passage about Edmund Phelps, a Nobel Prize Winner for Economics. Complete his major viewpoints below with the information you hear.1. Edmund Phelps studied large forces that affect economics at the national or international level.2. Mr. Phelps correctly identified the relationship between unemployment and inflation. He discovered that, over the long term, inflation hurt job creation.3. Mr. Phelps showed that national savings rates can be too high. The best savings rate is not so high that it limits demands in the present, and it is not so low that it limits growth and investment in the future.B. Listen to the passage again. This time focus on the wrong ideas and theories common people and even policymakers held before. Supply the missing information.1. Since the 1930s, policymakers in many nations dealt with unemployment by letting inflation increase to create jobs. They accepted that reducing unemployment required higher inflation.2. Common sense suggests that a very high savings rate is best.Tapescript:Edmund Phelps has been awarded this year’s Nobel Prize for Economics. Mr. Phelps is a professor of economics at Columbia University in New York City. The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences honored Mr. Phelps for his work in macroeconomics. That is the study of large forces that affect economies at the national or international level.Mr. Phelps correctly identified the relationship between unemployment and inflation. Since the 1930s, policymakers in many nations dealt with unemployment in the same way. They would let inflation increase to create jobs.For example, they would make credit easier to get. As a result, people would buy more goods. Business would hire workers to meet growing demand, forcing prices up. For many years, policymakers accepted that reducing unemployment required higher inflation.Mr. Phelps found that inflation did temporarily increase employment. But he discovered that, over the long term, inflation hurt job creation. His ideas were proved by economic conditions in America in the 1970s. That period was known for “stagflation having high unemployment and high inflation at the same time.”Edmund Phelps also found that if employers expect low inflation in the future, they are more likely to hire workers.Today, economic policy experts believe the best way to create job is to fight inflation.Mr. Phelps also studied national savings over long periods of time. Common sense suggests that a very high savings rate is best. But, Mr. Phelps showed that national savings rates can be too high. He argued that saving too much limited demand in the present, which could slow growth.The best savings rate is not so high that it limits demand in the present. And it is not so low that it limits growth and investment in the future. Still, he argued that governments should take action to raise national savings.Edmund Phelps did much of his research in macroeconomics during the late 1960s and early 1970s. His work continues to influence economists. And it has helped change policy at central banks, which now consider fighting inflation a main goal.Part III “Bulls” and “bears”I.Vocabulary for this part:1. brokers: One that acts as an agent for others, as in negotiating contracts, purchases, or sales in return for a fee or commission 经纪人2. investors: someone who commits capital in order to gain financial returns 投资人3. the big board: 大盘4. a bull market: 牛市5. a bear market: 熊市6. go belly up: 不行了，完蛋了7. windfall: a sudden, unexpected piece of good fortune or personal gain意外之财8. duck: go down, decrease 下降II.Key to this part:A:1. a stock exchange: noisy place / bell / lighted messages / computers / talk on the telephone / shout / run around2. brokers: experts / salespeople / buy & sell shares of companies3. stocks: shares4. the big board: a list of stocks sold on the New York Stock Exchange5. a bear market: prices / go down6. a bull market: prices / go up7. a company that goes belly up: a company that does not earn enough profit8. a windfall: a sharp increase in the value of a stock / something wonderful that happens unexpectedlyB:1. When and where did word “board” with the meaning mentioned in the passage appear in written form?in 1837 in a newspaper in Illinois2. What is the origin of “a bear market”?old story / sold the skin of a bear / before caught it3. What is the origin of “a bull market?”a long connection / bulls and bears / in sports / popular years ago / England4. What is the phrase “go belly up” originally used to describe ?fish / turn over on their backs / die5. What is the story about the origin of the word “windfall”?England / centuries ago / poor people / banned / cutting trees / the wind blew down the tree / take fuelIII.Tapescript for this partToday we tell about some American expressions that are commonly used in business.Bell sound, lighted messages appear, men and women work at computers, they talk on the telephone, at times they shout and run around. This noisy place is a stock exchange. Here experts, salespeople called brokers buy and sell shares of companies. The shares are known as stocks. People who own stock in a company own part of that company. People pay brokers to buy and sell stocks for them. If a company earns money, its stock increases in value. If the company does not earn money, its stock decreases in value. Brokers and investor carefully watch for any changes onthe big board. That is the name given to a list of stocks sold on the New People who own stock in a company own part of that company.The first written use of the word with that meaning was in a newspaper in Illinois in 1837. It said, “The sales on the board were $1, 700 in American gold.” Investors and brokers watch the big board to see if the stock market is a bull market or a bear market. In a bear market, prices go down. In bull market, prices go up. Investors in a bear market promise to sell a stock in the future at a set price, but the investor does not own the stock yet. He or she wants to buy it when the price ducks.The meaning of a bear market is thought to come from an old story about a man who sold the skin of a bear before he caught the bear. An English dictionary of the 1600s said, “To sell a bear is to sell what one has not.” Word experts dispute the beginning of the word “bull” in the stock market. But some say it came from a long connection of the two animals bulls and bears in sports that were popular years ago in England. Investors are always concerned about the possibility of a company failing.In the modern world, a company that does not earn enough profit is said to go belly up. A company that goes belly up dies like a fish. Fish turn over on their backs when they die. So they’re stomach or belly up. Stock market investors do not want that to happen to a company. They want a company whose stock they own to earn more profit than expected. This would sharply increase the value of the stock.Investors are hoping for a windfall. The word “windfall” comes from England of centuries ago. There poor people were banned from cutting trees in forests owned by rich landowners. But if the wind blew down a tree, the poor person could take the wood for fuel. So a windfall is something wonderful that happens unexpectedly.Part IV Short Talks on Listening SkillsIV. Vocabulary for this part:1. implication: a meaning that is not expressly stated but can be inferred含意, 暗示2. hypothesis: a proposal intended to explain certain facts or observations假设；前提eg. This is only a sort of scientific hypothesis which has not been proved by experiments这仅仅是一个尚未被实验证明的科学假说。

Unit 8Part IA1.$25,000.000.0002.$161,000,0003.$37,000,000,000 / 28,000,000,000 / $24,000,000,0004.30,000,0005.$1,000,000,0006.5.5% /7.5%7.550 / 7%8.0.25% / 4.75% / 4.5%B1.increasing their protests against rising fuel prices.2.a meeting of African nations.3.the Czech Republic / by early 2003 / a conference of EU members.4.Central Bank governors / Britain, Canada, France, Germany,Japan, and the United States5.reduce the amount of oil / harming their economics6.cutting taxed on oil products.7.increase trade / bring peace and security to the area / in Manila8.support policies that keep inflation low.9.open Japanese ports to foreign companies.10.h is country’s economy / a leading manufacturing and financialcenter.C.\1. 93,000,0002. 97,000,000 / 133,000,0003. 1.5% /16%4. 100,000,0005. 210,000,000 /5.1%6. 17,500,0007. 1.3%8. 9.5% /0.1% / 10,500,0009. 27,000,000,00010. 0.6%Part IIArge forces / national or international2.unemployment and inflation / job creation3.too high / demands in the present / growth and investment in thefuture.B:1.letting inflation increase / higher inflation2.very high savings rateEdmund Phelps has been awarded this year Nobel Prize fro Economics. Mr. Phelps is a professor of economics at Columbia University in New York City. The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences honored Mr. Phelps for his work in macroeconomics. That is the study of large forces that affect economies at the national or international level.Mr. Phelps correctly identified the relationship between unemployment and inflation. Since the 1930s, policymakers in many nations dealt with unemployment in the same way. They would let inflation increase to create jobs.For example, they would make credit easier to get. As a result, people would buy more goods. Businesses would hire workers to meet growing demand, forcing prices up. For many years, policymakers accepted that reducing unemployment required higher inflation.Mr. Phelps found that inflation did temporarily increase employment. But he discovered that, over the long tem, inflationhurt job creation. His ideas were proved by economic conditions in America in the 1970s. That period was known for “stagflation having high unemployment and high inflation at the same time.”Edmund Phelps also found that if employers expect low inflation in the future, they are more likely to hire workers. Today, economic policy experts believe the best way to create jobs is to fight inflation.Mr. Phelps also studied national savings over long periods of time. Common sense suggests that a very high savings rate is best. But, Mr. Phelps showed that national savings rates can be too high. He argued that saving too much limited demand in the present, which could slow growth.The best savings rate is not so high that it limits demand in the present. And it is not so low that it limits growth and investment in the future. Still, he argued that governments should take action to raise national savings.Edmund Phelps did much of his research in macroeconomics during the late 1960s and early 1970s. His work continues to influence economists. And it has helped change policy at central banks, which now consider fighting inflation a main goal.Part IIIA1.noisy place / bell / lighted messages / computers / talk on thetelephone / shout / run around2.experts / salespeople / buy &sell share of companies3.shares4.a list of stocks sold on the New York Stock Exchange5.prices / go down6.prices / go up7.a company that does not earn enough profit.8.a sharp increase in the value of a stock / something wonderfulthat happens unexpectedlyB1.in 1837 in a newspaper in Illinois2.old story / sold the skin of a bear / before caught it3.a long connection / bulls and bears / in sports / popularyears ago / England4.fish / turn over on their backs / die5.England / centuries ago / poor people / banned / cutting tress /the wind blew down the tree / take for fuelToday we tell about some American expressions that are commonly used in business.Bell sound. Lighted messages appear, men and women work at computers, they talk on the telephone, at times they shout and run around. This noisy place is a stock exchange. Here experts, salespeople called brokers, buy and sell shares of companies. The shares are known as stocks. People who own stock in a company own part of that company. People pay brokers to buy and sell stocks for them. If a company earns money, its stock increases in value. If the company does not earn money, the stock decreases in value. Brokers and investors carefully watch for any changes on the big board. That is the name given to a list of stocks sold on the New York Stock Exchange. The first written use of the word with that meaning was in a newspaper, in Illinois in 1837. It said, “The sales on the board were $1,700 in American gold.” Investors and brokers watch the big board to see if the stock market is a bull market or a bear market. In a bear market, prices go down. If a bull market, prices go up. Investors in a bear market promise to sell a stock in the future at a set price, but the investor does not own the stock yet. He or she waits to buy it when the price ducks. The meaning of a bear market is thought to come from an old story about a man who sold the skin of a bear before he caught the bear. An English dictionary of the 1600s said, “To sell a bear is to sell what onehas not”. Word experts dispute the beginning of the word “bull”in the stock market. But some say it came from a long connection of the two animals bulls and bears in sports that were popular years ago in England. Investors are always concerned about the possibility of a company failing. In the modern world, a company that does not earn enough profit is said to go belly up.A company that goes belly up dies like a fish. Fish turn over on their backs when they die. So they’re stomach or belly up. Stock market investors do not want that to happen to a company. They want a company whose stock they own to earn more profit than expected. This would sharply increase the value of the stock. Investors are hoping for a windfall. The word “windfall” comes from England of centuries ago. There poor people were banned from cutting trees in forests owned by rich landowners. But if the wind blew down a tree, the poor person could take the wood for fuel. So a windfall is something wonderful that happens unexpectedly.Part IVCommunicative activity // extended // continuously //specific readiness // constantly setting up // constantly testing // what he has heard in reality // out of his expectation // get the messageFamiliarity // knowledge // the settingAlready // take in // pre-listening preparation // give some thought to // related materials // vocabulary work // fully orientatedActive thinking // ahead of // logical and intelligent // generally // exactly // next utterance。

学英语简单吗？肯定会有许多学生说：“难死了”。

为什么有好多学生对英语的学习都感到头疼呢？答案只有一个：“不得法。

” 英语与汉语一样都是一种语言，为什么你说汉语会如此流利？那是因为你置身于一个汉语环境中，如果你在伦敦呆上半年，保准说起英语来会非常流利。

但很多中学生没有很好的英语环境，那么你可以自己设置一个英语环境，坚持“多说”、“多听”、“多读”、“多写”，那么你的英语成绩肯定会很出色。

一、多“说”。

自己多创造机会与英语教师多讲英语，见了同学，尤其是和好朋友在一起时尽量用英语去问候，谈心情……这时候你需随身携带一个英汉互译小词典，遇到生词时查一下这些生词，也不用刻意去记，用的多了，这个单词自然而然就会记住。

千万别把学英语当成负担，始终把它当成一件有趣的事情去做。

或许你有机会碰上外国人，你应大胆地上去跟他打招呼，和他谈天气、谈风景、谈学校……只是别问及他的年纪，婚史等私人问题。

尽量用一些你学过的词汇，句子去和他谈天说地。

不久你会发现与老外聊天要比你与中国人谈英语容易的多。

因为他和你交谈时会用许多简单词汇，而且不太看重说法，你只要发音准确，准能顺利地交流下去。

只是你必须要有信心，敢于表达自己的思想。

如果没有合适的伙伴也没关系，你可以拿过一本书或其它什么东西做假想对象，对它谈你一天的所见所闻，谈你的快乐，你的悲伤等等，长此坚持下去你的口语肯定会有较大的提高。

二、多“听”寻找一切可以听英语的机会。

别人用英语交谈时，你应该大胆地去参与，多听听各种各样人的发音，男女老少，节奏快的慢的你都应该接触到，如果这样的机会少的话，你可以选择你不知内容的文章去听，这将会对你帮助很大，而你去听学过的课文的磁带，那将会对你的语言语调的学习有很大的帮助。

三、多“读”。

“读”可以分为两种。

一种是“默读”。

每天给予一定时间的练习将会对你提高阅读速度有很大的好处，读的内容可以是你的课本，但最好是一些有趣的小读物，因为现在的英语高考越来越重视阅读量和阅读速度。

英语听力I 教学大纲一、课程名称：英语听力（1）二、学时：36三、周课时：3四、教学周：12五、考核方式：考试。

采取平时30%，期末70%的比例平时成绩以小测验，课上完成练习情况和出勤成绩为参考。

六、适用学科专业：商务英语专业大一（1）七、教学目的1.提高学生的初级听力水平，使学生能够听懂篇幅较长、语速较慢的英语电台广播。

2.提高学生的基本听力技巧，培养其良好的听力习惯，逐步改进其听力策略。

帮助学生进行专门的听力技能训练，有计划地提高学生的听力理解水平，并力求促进学生智能的发展，通过较系统、较全面、大强度、高难度地听力训练，提高学生听懂英语对话、短篇讲话、甚至较长讲话的能力。

同时还培养学生以下几个方面的能力：1、学习者的学习策略能力；2、语言尝试能力；3、语言思维能力；4、语言教师的职业能力。

此外，还兼顾文化知识的学习。

最终达到发展学生的独立判断和组织能力的要求。

八、教学形式与要求课程的教学方法直接关系到学生各方面能力的培养与提高。

课堂教学应以学生为主体、教师为主导，改变过去以教师为中心的教学模式，注重培养学生的学习能力和研究能力。

在教学中要多开展以任务为中心的、形式多样的教学活动。

在加强基础训练的同时，采用启发式、讨论式、发现式和研究式的教学方法，充分调动学生学习的积极性，激发学生的学习动机，最大限度地让学生参与学习的全过程。

引导学生主动积极地利用现有图书资料和网上信息，获取知识，并使学生在运用知识的过程中培养各种能力。

同时，要注意教学方法的多样性，要根据不同的教学对象、教学内容、教学目的和要求，选择相应的教学方法，并鼓励教师积极探索新的教学方法。

课堂教学要与学生的课外学习和实践活动相结合。

在提高学生听力水平的过程中，课外学习和实践是课堂教学的延伸与扩展，是培养和发展学生能力的重要途径，应在教师的指导下有目的、有计划、有组织地进行。

课外泛听应以课堂精听教学的内容为基础，激发学生的学习兴趣，以及培养学生的学习能力、语言综合运用能力、组织能力、交际能力、思维能力和创新能力。

Unit 8 Trends in EconomicsPart I Warming upSection ATapescript:1.British Aerospace plans to buy the part of General Electric Companyof Britain that makes defense electronics. The deal is worth $25,000,000,000.2.Canada will hold a meeting of American leaders in April to discusstrade and economic issues. Canada now has a trade surplus of $161,000,000 a year with Central America.3.Owners of MCI Communications have agreed to sell the company tothe American communications company WorldCom. The price is $37,000,000,000in stock. WorldCom defeated a 28,000,000,000-dollar offer by GGE. MCI also refused the British company Telecom’s offer to unite the two companies by an agreement worth about $24,000,000,000.4.President Clinton will release 30,000,000 barrels of oil from theUnited States emergency supply. The move is designed to ease heating oil shortage expected this year.5.RANGOON — The United Nations and the World Bank have offeredBurma $1,000,000,000 in aid. A UN special diplomat made the offer to Burmese leaders last month.6.Representatives of the six nations of the Gulf Cooperation Councilhave agreed to common import taxes. Officials at the meeting in Riyad said representatives agreed to set the common tax on some goods at 5.5%. The tax on other goods will be 7.5%.7.The New Y ork Stock Exchange halted trading early after sufferingone of the worst market drops in history. Stock prices fell more than 550 points. That is a loss of more than 7%.8.United States’ Central Bank officials are reducing interest rates forthe third time this year. The bank officials cut by 0.25% the rate that banks charge each other for short-term loans. That rate now will be4.75%. The Central Bank made the same reduction in the rate itcharges member banks for overnight loans. The rate now will be4.5%.Section BTapescript:1.Angry demonstrators are increasing their protests against risingfuel prices. World oil prices have reached a ten-year high of about S35 a barrel.2.China has opened a meeting of African nations. Representatives ofmore than 40 African nations are attending the three-day meeting in Beijing.3.Dutch Prime Minister says the Czech Republic could become amember of the European Union by early 2003. The Prime Minister told reporters that the final date would be decided by a conference of EU members.4.Finance ministers and Central Bank governors of seven leadingindustrial nations are meeting in Washington. Officials from Britain, Canada, France, Germany, Japan and the United States are attending the meeting.5.Iran and Saudi Arabia say they will try to reduce the amount of oilnow on the world market in an attempt to increase the low prices that are harming their economies.6.Leaders of the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries haveurged rich countries to lower oil prices by cutting taxes on oil products.7.Leaders of the ten-member Association of Southeast Asian Nationshave promised to speed efforts to increase trade and to bring peace and security to the area. They made the statement at the end of their yearly meeting in Manila.8.The Chairman of the Federal Reserve Board has told a senatecommittee that he will support policies that keep inflation low.9.The United States and Japan have signed an agreement that will openJapanese ports to foreign companies.10.And in Singapore, Prime Minister says his country’s economy hasincreased almost 4 percent for the first half of 1999. Experts say the country has become a leading manufacturing and financial center.Section C1. A record number of shares, almost 93,000,000 were traded Tuesdayon the New Y ork Stock Exchange.2.Trading was heavy again Friday on the New Y ork Stock Exchange.About 97,000,000shares were traded, a number second only to the record 133,000,000 shares traded Wednesday.3.Manufacturers’ Hanover Trust Company of New Y ork and t he FirstNational Bank of Chicago both reduced their prime rate 1.5%to 16%.4.The World Bank has approved a 100,000,000 dollar loan to the IvoryCoast.5.Japan’s cabinet has approved a proposed budget plan for next year.The 210,000,000,000dollar budget will reduce total spending.Military spending will be increased 5.1%.6.Oil ministers of the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countrieshave agreed to continue limiting production to 17,500,000 barrels of oil a day.7.The Commerce Department said its index of leading economicindicators rose 1.3% in July, the fourth month it has increased.8.Unemployment in the United States rose last month to 9.5% of theAmerican work force, the highest rate since World War II. The Labor Department said that unemployment rose in May by 0.1%. It said 10,500,000 Americans were out of work.9.Poland owes foreign countries about 27,000,000,000 dollars.10.The Labor Department reports that wholesale prices increased by only0.6% in August.Part II Nobel Prize Winner for EconomicsA1.Edmund Phelps studied large forces that affect economies at thenational or international level.2.Mr Phelps correctly identified the relationship betweenunemployment and inflation. He discovered that, over the long term, inflation hurt job creation.3.Mr Phelps showed that national savings rates can be too high. Thebest savings rate is not so high that it limits demands in the present, and it is not so low that it limits growth and investment in the future. B1.Since the 1930s, policymakers in many nations dealt withunemployment by letting inflation increase to create jobs. Theyaccepted that reducing unemployment required higher inflation.mon sense suggests that a very high savings rate is best. Tapescript:Edmund Phelps has been awarded this year’s Nobel Prize for Economics. Mr Phelps is a professor of economics at Columbia University in New Y ork City. The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences honored Mr Phelps for his work in macroeconomics. That is the study of large forces that affect economics at the national or international level.Mr Phelps correctly identified the relationship between unemployment and inflation. Since the 1930s, policymakers in many nations dealt with unemployment in the same way. They would let inflation increase to create jobs.For example, they would make credit easier to get. As a result, people would buy more goods. Businesses would hire workers to meet growing demand, forcing prices up. For many years, policymakers accepted that reducing unemployment required higher inflation.Mr Phelps found that inflation did temporarily increase employment. But he discovered that, over the long term, inflation hurt job creation. His ideas were proved by economic conditions in America in the 1970s. That period was known for “stagflation having high u nemployment and high inflation at the same time.”Edmund Phelps also found that if employers expect low inflation inthe future, they arc more likely to hire workers.Today, economic policy experts believe the best way to create jobs is to fight inflation.Mr Phelps also studied national savings over long periods of time. Common sense suggests that a very high savings rate is best. But, Mr Phelps showed that national savings rates can be too high. He argued that saving too much limited demand in the present, which could slow growth.The best savings rate is not so high that it limits demand in the present. And it is not so low that it limits growth and investment in the future. Still, he argued that governments should take action to raise national savings.Edmund Phelps did much of his research in macroeconomics during the late 1960s and early 1970s. His work continues to influence economists. And it has helped change policy at central banks, which now consider fighting inflation a main goal.Part III “Bulls” and “Bears”1. a stock exchange: noisy place/ bell/ lighted messages / com¬puters7 talk on the telephone/ shout/ run around2. brokers: experts/ salespeople/ buy & sell shares of companies3. stocks: shares4. the big board; a list of stocks sold on the New Y ork Stock Exchange5. a bear market: prices/ go down6. a bull market: prices/ go up7. a company that goes belly up: a company that does not earn enough profit8. a windfall: a sharp increase in the value of a stock/ something wonderful that happens unexpectedlyB. Now listen to the passage again. Then briefly/ answer the questions.1.When and where did the word “board” with the meaning mentionedin the passage appear in written form?in 1837 in a newspaper in Illinois2.What is the origin of “a bear market”?old story/ sold the skin of a bear/ before caught it3.What is the origin of “a bull market”?a long connection/ bulls and bears/ in sports/ popular years ago/ England4.What is the phrase “go belly up” originally used to describe?fish / turn over on their backs/ die5.What is the story about the origin of the word “windfall”?England / centuries ago / poor people / banned / cutting trees/ the wind blew down the tree / take for fuelTapescripts:Today we tell about some American expressions that are commonly used in business.Bell sound, lighted messages appear, men and women work at computers, they talk on the telephone, at times they shout and run around. This noisy place is a stock exchange. Here experts, salespeople called brokers, buy and sell shares of companies. The shares are known as stocks. People who own stock in a company own part of that company. People pay brokers to buy and sell stocks for them. If a company earns money, its stock increases in value. If the company does not earn money, the stock decreases in value. Brokers and investors carefully watch for any changes on the big board. That is the name given to a list of stocks sold on the New Y ork Stock Exchange. The first written use of the word with that meaning was in a newspaper in Illinois in 1837. It said, “The sales on the board were $1,700 in American gold.” Investors and brokers watch the big board to see if the stock market is a bull market or a bear market. In a bear market, prices go down. In a bull market, prices go up. Investors in a bear market promise to sell a stock in the future at a set price, but the investor does not own the stock yet. He or she waits to buy it when the price ducks. The meaning of a bear market is thought to come from an old story about a man who sold the skin of a bear before he caught the bear. An English dictionary of the 1600s said, “To sell a bear is to sell what one has not.” Word experts dispute the beginning of the word “bull” in the stock market. But some say it came from a long connection of the two animals bulls and bears in sports that were popular years ago inEngland. Investors are always concerned about the possibility of a company failing. In the modern world, a company that does not earn enough profit is said to go belly up. A company that goes belly up dies like a fish. Fish turn over on their backs when they die. So they’re stomach or belly up. Stock market investors do not want that to happen to a company. They want a company whose stock they own to earn more profit than expected. This would sharply increase the value of the stock. Investors are hoping for a windfall. The word “windfall”comes from England of centuries ago. There poor people were banned from cutting trees in forests owned by rich landowners. But if the wind blew down a tree, the poor person could take the wood for fuel. So a windfall is something wonderful that happens unexpectedly.Part IV Short T alks on Listening SkillsThinking Ahead of the Speaker—Anticipation HelpsListening is an extremely complex communicative activity. In his book Principles and Implications of Cognitive Psychology, Neisser defines listening as a “temporally extended activity” in which the listener “continuously develops more or less specific readiness for what will come next.” In other wo rds, an effective listener is constantly setting up hypothesis in his mind, and also, he is constantly testing his hypothesisby matching it with what he has heard in reality. If he hears what he has expected, he receives the information. But if what he hears is totally out of his expectation, he fails to get the message.The skill to anticipate what is coming in listening comprehension depends largely on the listener’s familiarity with the theme of the message. It also depends on the listener’s knowledge of the speaker as well as the setting.Obviously, when we listen to something that we already have some information about, it is generally a lot easier for us to take in the new information. Therefore, pre-listening preparation seems to have a big role to play in enhancing listening comprehension. Before actual listening, we could perhaps first give some thought to the topic, discuss it with others, read some related materials and do some vocabulary work. If we could make ourselves fully orientated for the forthcoming talks or lectures, we are more likely to become effective listeners.Of course, readiness beforehand is not at all enough. Active thinking must take place all the way through. In fact, we should always try to think ahead of the speaker. The ability to anticipate helps us in logical and intelligent guesswork. It does not only enable us to know generally what a person is going to talk about in a certain situation, but also, interestingly enough, sometimes even exactly what a person’s next utter ance is going to be in a discussion!。