2019年普利特专题研究：拥有LCP聚合技术自主知识产权,是国内首个LCP材料供应商

液晶高分子聚合物（Liquid Crystal Polymer），简称LCP。

是80年代初期发展起来的一种新型高性能工程塑料一、概述LCP是一类具有杰出性能的新型聚合物。

LCP是包含范围很宽的一类材料：a、溶致性液晶：需要在溶液中加工；b、热致性液晶：可在熔融状态加工。

DuPont公司开发出来的溶致性聚对亚苯基对苯二甲酰胺（Kevlar®）。

由于这种类型的聚合物只能在溶液中加工，不能熔融，只能用作纤维和涂料。

以下内容只包括热致性LCP。

LCP外观：米黄色（也有呈白色的不透明的固体粉末）；LCP密度：1.35-1.45g/cm³。

液晶树脂的耐热性分类(低、中和高耐热型) 类型热变形温度/℃ ASTM分类分类牌号举例低耐热<177 Ⅰ型Ⅲ型Vectra&reg; A430、Rodrun&reg; LC3000中耐热177～243 Ⅱ型Zenite&reg; 6330、Vetra&reg; A130、Novaccurate&reg; E335G30、Sumikasuper&reg; E7000、Rodrun&reg;LC5000、Ueno LCP&reg;1000高耐热>243 Ⅲ型Ⅰ型Xydar&reg; -930、Zenite&reg;6130 Vectra&reg; C130、Ueno LCP&reg;2000、Titan LCP&reg; LG431、Novaccurate&reg; E345G30高耐热液晶聚合物的代表性质牌号Xydar&reg; G-930 Titan&reg; LG431 Zenite&reg; 7130 Zenite&reg; 6130 Vectra&reg; E130i Vectra&reg; c130相对密度1.60 1.63 1.66 1.67 1.61 1.62弯曲强度/MPa 172 170 174 170 221 214Izod缺口冲击强度/（J/m）96 299 160 123 208 176热变形温度（1.82 MPa）/℃ 271 275 289 263 276 255二、LCP的特性与应用1、特性a、LCP具有自增强性：具有异常规整的纤维状结构特点，因而不增强的液晶塑料即可果用玻璃纤维、碳纤维等增强，更远远超过其他工程塑料。

LCP行业市场调研分析报告LCP（Liquid Crystal Polymer）是一种高性能的工程塑料，具有低比重、高强度、低热膨胀系数、低燃点和优良的电性能等特点。

LCP市场主要分为电子电器、汽车制造和航空航天三个领域。

本文通过对LCP行业市场的调研分析，为读者提供了一份详尽的报告。

一、LCP市场概况LCP是一种高性能工程塑料，在电子电器、汽车制造和航空航天等领域的应用越来越广泛。

根据调研数据，LCP市场在过去几年保持了稳定的增长态势，预计未来几年仍将保持较高的增长率。

二、LCP市场需求分析1.电子电器领域：LCP在电子电器领域主要用于制造电子芯片封装材料、平板显示器背板和灯具等产品。

随着信息技术的快速发展，电子电器市场对高性能材料的需求不断增加，因此LCP市场在这个领域具有很大的潜力。

2.汽车制造领域：LCP在汽车制造领域主要用于生产汽车电子零部件、传感器和线束等产品。

随着电动汽车和智能汽车的快速发展，对高性能塑料材料的需求也在不断增加，LCP市场在这个领域的前景广阔。

3.航空航天领域：LCP在航空航天领域主要用于制造飞机零部件和卫星部件等产品。

航空航天领域对材料的要求非常高，LCP作为一种高性能材料，在这个领域具有很大的应用潜力。

三、LCP市场竞争情况分析目前，全球LCP市场竞争较为激烈，主要厂商包括Toray、Solvay、Celanese、Polyplastics和Sumitomo Chemical等。

这些厂商在技术、产品质量和供应链管理等方面具有一定的竞争优势。

此外，中国也有一些国内企业在LCP市场上崛起，如上海三华、深圳正飞和浙江韩高等。

四、LCP市场发展趋势分析1.新型应用的涌现：随着科技的不断发展，LCP在医疗器械、光电子和新能源等领域的应用将逐渐增多，这对LCP市场的发展具有积极影响。

2.创新技术的推动：随着LCP技术的不断创新，LCP的性能将会得到进一步提升，为LCP市场的发展提供更多的机会。

中国LCP超级工程塑料，5G领域领用广泛LCP被誉为超级工程塑料，是英文LiquidCrystalPolymer（液晶聚合物）的缩写，其属于芳香族聚合物，又可分为溶致型LCP和热致型LCP。

前者在溶剂中呈现液晶态，固态的溶致型聚合物典型例子便是大明鼎鼎的防弹衣用材料-芳纶-由杜邦发明，商品名：凯夫拉（Kevlar）工程塑料行业的LCP是指热致型LCP，本色的液晶高分子聚合物呈现白色或者浅黄色颗粒及粉末状，液晶态下分子之间具有异常规整的纤维状结构，制品强度很高，且在成型过程中高度取向，所以具有线膨胀系数小，成型收缩率低和非常突出的强度和弹性模量以及优良的耐热性，具有较高的负荷变形温度（有些高达300℃以上）。

一、LCP：超级工程塑料，5G领域领用广泛LCP树脂的耐气候性、耐辐射性良好，具有优异的自熄性，不添加任何阻燃剂即可达到UL94V-0级水平。

LCP主要应用于汽车、电气、电子等需要高流动性、耐高温焊接（SMT）、耐油耐热、耐辐射等极端环境下部件。

LCP树脂的典型优点、缺点LCP：超级工程塑料，5G领域领用广泛液晶聚合物（LCP，Liquidcrystalpolymer）是在一定条件下能以液晶相态存在的高分子，与其他高分子相比，它有液晶相所特有的分子取向序和位置序，与其他液晶化合物相比，它又有高分子量和高分子化合物特性。

这些特征赋予高分子液晶高强度、高模量、耐高温、低膨胀系数、低成型收缩率、低密度、良好的介电性、阻燃性和耐化学腐蚀性等一系列优异的综合性能，是名副其实的超级工程塑料，可以广泛应用于电子电气、航天航空、国防军工、光通信、汽车、机械、化工等等领域。

LCP按着介晶基元所在的位置可以分为主链型和侧链型，介晶基元大多由芳环（苯环）构成，主链型LCP有聚酰胺类、聚酯类、聚醚类、聚噻唑、聚唑咪等，侧链型LCP典型的有聚异氰酸酯类、聚偶氮类、聚二甲基硅氧烷类、聚丙烯酸酯类等。

按着液晶态形成方式，LCP分为溶致型LCP（LLCP）和热致型LCP（TLCP），作为工程塑料用途的LCP基本是TLCP，生产企业一般按着变形温度将TLCP分为三型：I型的热变形温度在300摄氏度以上，II型的变形温度在240-280摄氏度，III型的变形温度在210摄氏度以下。

LCP热致性液晶聚合物工程塑料热致性液晶聚合物工程塑料的主要品种、结构、性能、加工及其应用。

液晶聚合物（LCP）是一种由刚性分子链构成的，在一定物理条件下能出现既有液体的流动性又有晶体的物理性能各向异性状态（此状态称为液晶态）的高分子物质。

液晶聚合物有溶致性液晶聚合物（LLCP）、热致性液晶聚合物（TLCP）和压致性液晶聚合物三大类。

顾名思义，溶致性液晶聚合物的液晶态是在溶液中形成，热致性液晶聚合物的液晶态是在熔体中或玻璃化温度以上形成，压致性液晶聚合物的液晶态是在压力下形成（此类液晶高分子品种极少）。

LLCP用来生产纤维，TLCP可注塑、挤出成型等。

本文内容介绍的是热致性液晶聚合物。

热致性液晶聚合物是1976年美国Eastman Kodak公司首次发现PET改性对羟基苯甲酸（PHB/PET）显示热致性液晶之后才开始研究开发的，直到上世纪80年代中后期才进入实用阶段。

美国Dartco公司首先将“Xydar”的液晶聚合物投放市场，之后美国、日本等数家公司也相继研究出液晶聚合物。

由于液晶聚合物在热、电、机械、化学方面优良的综合性能越来越受到各国的重视，其产品被引入到各个高技术领域的应用中，被誉为超级工程塑料。

1 热致性液晶聚合物的主要品种和结构热致性液晶聚合物在实验室被开发的品种已达几十例，但真正实现工业化的并不多，表1列举了已成功商业化的几种主要TLCP的商品名、化学组成等。

表1 已商业化的TLCP商品名 化学组成 专利所有者 生产厂商Xydar PHBA/PPBP/TPA Dartco CO.（美国），1984年 Amoco（美国）,1984年Ekonol PHBA/PPBP/TPA Carborundum（美国），1984年 住友（日本），1989年Vectra PHBA/HNA Celanese（美国），1985年 Hoechet Celanese（德国），1989年X7G/Rodrun PHBA/PET Eastman Kodak（美国），1976年 Unitika（日本），1989年美国是TLCP的主要生产国，其产量约占世界总产量的80%，其次是日本、西欧和俄罗斯等国。

分子聚合物lcp塑胶原料
分子聚合物lcp塑胶原料是一种全新的分子结构材料。

它是聚苯乙烯（PP）和雪胶（PE）的新式材料，它可以用于制造各种电子产品。

因为它具有高热稳定性，耐高温和热性能，同时其成本也比聚苯乙烯和雪胶低，所以近来受到了越来越多的关注。

分子聚合物lcp塑胶原料的特点包括高热稳定性、热灵敏性、耐磨损性和良好的抗老化性。

其高热稳定性使其能够在室温和90°C以上的温度下工作，而且它的柔韧性很高，可以满足不同的使用条件。

此外，lcp塑料还具有抗化学介质和抗腐蚀性能，可以长久使用，使用寿命可以达到几十年。

另外，分子聚合物lcp塑料的优势还体现在其设计和通用的应用。

它的尺寸和形状可以根据需求进行调整，可以用来制造各种电子零件。

此外，因为它的性质灵活，可以制造很多高精度的产品。

最后，分子聚合物lcp塑料的成本要比聚苯乙烯和雪胶低，因为它利用了聚苯乙烯或雪胶的原料，使配方成本大大降低。

此外，因为其成本低，更容易满足客户的需求，这也是它受欢迎的原因。

总之，分子聚合物lcp塑料原料具有高热稳定性、耐高温和耐磨损性等特点，可以用于制造各种电子产品，同时其成本也较低，受到了越来越多的关注。

当今，分子聚合物lcp塑料原料已逐渐受到重视和使用，用于制作手机、电脑和多种电子产品。

这种材料的使用不仅可以降低成本，而且还可以提高制品的性能，使它们可以更好地满足需求。

随着lcp
塑料原料的发展，电子产品的制造将变得更加安全、可靠和精确，可以更好地满足人们对质量和性能的要求。

1. Introduction1. IntroductionThere is a need to develop materials which are light weight, of high strength, and of high stiffness. This combination of properties would allow these materials to supplant areas that have traditionally relied on metal, such as the automotive and aerospace industries. Polymers have an advantage over metal because of their light weight, with densities around 0.9 to 1.4 g/cm3 . Typical metals used in engineering applications have densities from 2.7 to 8.2 g/cm3. However, metals show superior mechanical properties, with tensile moduli of 45 to 205 GPa and tensile strengths of 90 MPa to 850 MPa [1]. The properties of commodity thermoplastics are usually much lower, with moduli of 0.1 to 3.5 GPa and strengths of 1 to 100 MPa [2].To increase the strength and stiffness of thermoplastics, they have been combined with fibers to create composites. Typically, this reinforcement has been generated by compounding short fiber into the matrix or impregnating a fiber weave with polymer. The fiber reinforcement has ordinarily been glass, graphite, carbon, or aromatic polyamide. Glass fiber has been the most common form of reinforcement because of its low cost and the experience in using glass as a reinforcing agent [3].However, the use of glass fiber for reinforcement possesses several drawbacks. The most important of these drawbacks for the automotive industry is its high density. A part made of polyethylene terephthalate with 30 volume percent glass has 45 percent of its weight from the glass reinforcement, resulting in a density of 1.70 g/cm3. This is too heavy for many applications, such as automotive door panels and floor boards. Another shortcoming is found in recycling glass-filled thermoplastics. Recycling is primarily limited to regrinding the material and reprocessing it, which causes further fiber breakage and lowering of the fiber aspect ratio. Since there is no method of recreating high aspect ratios, the recycled materials are usually mixed with virgin polymer to achieve an acceptable distribution of fiber lengths that will yield the desired performance. Addition of fiber also: 1) increases matrix viscosity, 2) causes abrasive wear which shortens the life of processing equipment, 3) can not be used in injection molding which requires fine detail, 4) produces a poor surface finish, and 5) tends not to reach optimum reinforcement potential due to fiber breakage.The purpose of this chapter is to delineate how thermotropic liquid crystalline polymers (TLCPs) may be the material to use for surmounting some of these problems. This will include a discussion of TLCPs and the mechanical properties they possess. Blends with thermoplastics will also be presented to illustrate their potential as the reinforcing phase in composites. Emphasis will be placed on what advantages and disadvantages are observed by using TLCPs and TLCP based composites.1.1 Liquid Crystalline PolymersLiquid crystalline polymers (LCPs) possess a phase of matter intermediate to the isotropic liquid and solid crystal states called a meso phase or meso morphic phase (from the Greek mesos, meaning middle or intermediate). There are three types of mesophases recognized by Friedel [4], which are defined by their type of ordering. Smectic mesophases show ordering in two directions, which is manifested as the polymer chains both lying parallel to one another (orientational order) and long-range stratification normal to the chain axes (positional order). These liquid crystalline phases often possess certain properties similar to those of soaps, hence the name smectic. Nematic mesophases show only orientational order, manifested as the polymer chains lying parallel to one another along one axis. This axis establishes the nematic director, or optic axis in the fluid. The term "nematic" derives from the Greek word for thread because when viewed under crossed polarizers, thread-like extinction bands are observed. A subset of the nematic mesophase is the cholesteric, or more properly the chiral nematic mesophase. It is nematic because each plane of polymer chains has a nematic director, but has the additional feature that the directors show a cumulative twist as each plane is examined in sequence. The twist is created by the chiral centers in the mesogens exerting asymmetrical intermolecular forces between the nematic layers [5]. The result of this twisting is the creation of a periodic helical structure ( refer to Figure 1.1).A distinction between types of liquid crystalline polymers can be made based on whether they are liquid crystalline in solution or in the melt. Lyotropic liquid crystalline polymers (LLCPs) exhibit liquid crystallinity in solutions. This is controlled by the solvent used, the temperature of the solvent, and the concentration of polymer. Typically LLCPs can not exhibit liquid crystallinity in the melt because they degrade before melting. Thermotropic liquid crystalline polymers (TLCPs) show liquid crystallinity when in the melt [5 - 7]. This is controlled by melt temperature and thermal history.To form a polymeric liquid crystalline phase, the most important molecular feature needed is a rigid anisotropic unit called a mesogen [8, 9]. Mesogenic units are important because they create rodlike molecules (main chain LCPs) or branches (side chain LCPs) which can organize to form liquid crystalline order. Mesogens are usually based on stiff, aromatic units with bridging groups linking the individual aromatic units. Typical chemicals used to form mesogenic groups are 4-hydroxybenzoic acid (HBA), hydroquinone (HQ), and terephthalic acid (TA).A LCP can be created by polymerizing one mesogen, but these polymers often have a melting temperature higher than their degradation temperature. This is a problem because they can not be melt processed using conventional techniques, so usually they are only processed from solution. Examples of these kinds of LLCPs are poly(1,4-phenyleneFigure 1.1: The Types of Liquid Crystals. This shows the organization present in smectic, nematic, and chiral nematic liquid crystals [10].terephthalamide) (PPTA) and polybenzamide (PBA), with PPTA being more commonly known as Kevlar® [11] (refer to Figure 1.2).To create thermotropic LCPs, the polymer's melting temperature must be below the degradation temperature, and the chains must retain their rodlike character. On a molecular level, this is accomplished by disrupting the regularity in the LCP's chain structure. Two methods exist for doing this: 1) using more than one mesogenic unit in the polymer and 2) incorporating flexible spacers between the mesogens [9]. Those which use two or more mesogenic units rather than flexible spacers are called wholly aromatic, main-chain TLCPs or semirigid TLCPs. Typical semirigid TLCPs include Xydar®, a copolyester of 4,4'-dihydroxybiphenol (BP), TA, and HBA (25/25/50 mole %), and Vectra A950® , a copolyester of HBA and 2-hydroxy-6-naphthoic acid (HNA) (73/27 mole %). Those which use flexible spacers between the mesogens are semiflexible TLCPs. Typical semiflexible TLCPs include copolyesters of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and HBA, with the HBA usually constituting 40 to 80 mole % of the polymer and the PET acting as the flexible spacer.TLCPs have several useful properties which could lead to commercial applications. For example, they exhibit low permeability to many gases relative to other thermoplastics [7, 12, 13, 14]. Thomas and Roth [12] examined the oxygen permeability of a wide variety of polymers at 23°C and found that Vectra A900 film had a permeability of 1.2·10-7 (cm3-cm)/(cm2-day-atmo.). This is over 100 times lower than the value for PET and 5000 times lower than the value for PP. TLCPs exhibit low coefficients of thermal expansion and excellent electrical property values [7, 15 - 21]. Hoechst Celanese [19] has reported the coefficient of linear thermal expansion to be -5·10-6 cm/cm/°C in the flow direction and 40·10-6 cm/cm/°C in the transverse direction, versus 65·10-6 cm/cm/°C for neat PET [22]. They are extremely resistant to chemical attack because of their negligible solubility to many fluids, leading to a retention of mechanical properties [17, 18, 21, 23, 24]. After a three month exposure to various automotive fluids (transmission oil, engine oil, unleaded gasoline) at room temperature, TLCP test samples composed of substituted hydroquinones retained greater than 90% of their tensile strength and modulus [24]. Also, because there is a little change in density upon cooling, they can be used to injection mold highly complicated shaped articles, such as electrical conductors, which can not be produced with commodity thermoplastics [14, 17, 18, 21, 25, 26].The mechanical properties of TLCPs can also be exceptional. In particular, fibers and injection molded samples can exhibit high modulus and strength values. Fiber spinning without any annealing post-treatment often yields fibers with tensile strengths over 1 GPa and tensile moduli of 40 to 100 GPa [27 - 40], while typical nylon and polyester yarn have strengths of around 1 GPa and moduli from 6 to 14 GPa [41]. This shows that when both TLCPs and commodity resins are highly oriented by the spinning process, TLCPs excel. They have modulus values which greatly exceed either nylon orPET commodity yarns while giving strengths which match or slightly exceed those same materials.More important than the comparison of properties to other thermoplastics is the comparison to common reinforcing materials such as glass. In work reported by Baird and coworkers [42 - 46], the tensile moduli of the TLCP phase in composite strands was found to fall in the range from 50 to 100 GPa. Also, the strength of neat TLCP fibers has been reported to be in the range of 1 GPa as spun and over 2 GPa when annealed [41]. Glass fiber has a tensile modulus of 69 to 83 GPa , a tensile strength from 1.72 to over 2.07 GPa, and a density of 2.52 to 2.61 g/cm3 [47- 50]. (Note: For undamaged pristine fibers, tensile strength values are reported to be in the range of 3.4 to 4.1 GPa). This indicates that the properties of the TLCP fibers compete well with what glass fibers can provide. They have equal moduli and although glass is two times as strong when compared to unannealed TLCP fibers, some annealed fibers have strengths matching those of glass.When the properties of the TLCP are normalized by their density, then they are more attractive as reinforcing materials than glass. The specific mechanical properties, assuming a density of 1.4 g/cm3 for the TLCP and 2.5 g/cm3 for the glass fiber, are shown as follows. The specific strength of unannealed (HBA/HNA based) TLCP fiber is around 0.7 GPa·cm3/g, with annealed fiber rising to values of 1.4 GPa·cm3/g [17, 18, 41]. Meanwhile, glass fiber only matches the unannealed fiber with values of 0.69 to 0.83 GPa·cm3/g [47 - 50]. The values for the specific modulus are even more impressive. The specific modulus of TLCPs is around 35 to 71 GPa·cm3/g [42, 43], while the specific modulus of glass fiber is significantly lower, being at 28 to 33 GPa·cm3/g [47 - 50]. This shows that on a weight basis, TLCP fibers have the potential to match or outperform glass as a reinforcing material.Exceptional mechanical properties are also observed when neat TLCP samples are injection molded. An example of this was shown in Jackson and Kuhfuss' study [20], where neat PET/PHB (40/60 mole %) was injection molded into a one-eighth inch thick end-gated plaques and tested for tensile and flexural properties. Tensile strengths of 107 MPa along the flow (machine) direction and 29.0 MPa across the flow (transverse) direction were obtained. Neat PET was shown to have a tensile strength of 55 MPa, with no significant difference noted between the two testing directions. The trends from flexural tests were similar, with PET/PHB plaques having flexural moduli of 11.8 GPa in the machine direction and 1.6 GPa in the transverse direction, while PET had a flexural modulus of 2.3 GPa. This showed that in the flow direction, TLCP tensile and flexural properties exceed those of neat PET. However, injection molding has a problem of producing anisotropic specimens which have low transverse direction properties (refer to Figure 1.3).Figure 1.3: Anisotropy of Injection Molded TLCP Plaques. Comparing flexural modulus versus mold thickness for the copolyester PET/PHB (40/60 mole %) [20].Some mechanical properties of neat TLCPs even exceed those of reinforced matrices, such as glass-filled thermoplastics. Comparing the tensile strengths between Vectra B950 and 30 weight percent glass fiber reinforced PET shows that the fiber-filled PET is weaker, with a strength of 160 MPa versus 227 MPa for the Vectra B950 [19, 51, 52]. Similar results were observed with in flexural tests. In one study, the machine direction flexural modulus of the TLCP was over three times greater than the modulus for glass-filled PET (32.5 GPa versus 9.7 GPa) [53]. These remarkable values are obtained despite the fact that the full reinforcing capacity is not being realized in these injection as molded plaques, because injection molding does not orient the TLCP molecules as well fiber spinning. This indicates that if more of the TLCP could be oriented, the resulting part could greatly exceed what is observed with glass filled systems.Attempts have been made to reduce anisotropy and orient more of the TLCP by changing the flow kinematics. Studies have shown that TLCPs can be processed by means of film blowing [54- 57] and blow molding [58, 59], with the emphasis on using biaxial stretching to create a less anisotropic product. Center gated injection molding has also been shown to reduce anisotropy through the flow kinematics during mold filling [60, 61]. The core material is oriented in the circumferential or hoop direction while the skin material is oriented in the radial direction.Meanwhile, specially modified injection molding equipment has been shown to have success in orienting more of the TLCP phase, such as the multiple live feed injection molding (MLFIM) system [21, 25, 62, 63, 64] and the "push-pull" or Gegentakt system [21, 62], both of which promote material flow in the mold after injection. This approach attempts to orient more TLCP in injection molding by deforming the melt as it cools, continuing until the core of the specimen has solidified. Wang et al. [64] injection molded Vectra A950 in a double gated mold with and without the MLFIM processing scheme. From the tensile testing performed on the injection molded samples, it was found that the addition shear deformation in the mold improved stiffness and healed weld lines, resulting in increased tenacity. Using a 3 mm thick mold, the modulus of MLFIM bars was 15.8 GPa and the tenacity was 244.3 MPa, while conventional injection molding made samples with a modulus of 6.3 GPa and a strength of just 15.3 MPa. Even with samples without weld lines (injection molded using a single gate fill), the MLFIM samples still had higher mechanical properties. The single gate filled specimens had a modulus of 12.1 GPa and a strength of 168.4 MPa, well below the modulus of 1.58 GPa and strength of 244.3 MPa for the MLFIM specimens. It should be recognized that all of these results were for the machine direction, so additional research needs to be done with this injection molding technique to show how effective it may be in reducing or eliminating anisotropy. Also, this system usually requires relatively long cycle times, which may limit its usefulness.Besides the anisotropy present in many melt processed parts, TLCPs have an additional drawback due to their expense [25, 26]. The costs of unfilled TLCPs arecurrently $26 to $48/kg, while commodity thermoplastics such as polyethylene and polypropylene cost around $1.00/kg and polyamide 6/12, a relatively expensive thermoplastic, only reaches $7.70/kg [65]. Comparing the price of TLCPs to other forms of reinforcement, its cost is about the same as the average cost of carbon fiber ($46/kg) [66] and aramid fiber ($33/kg) [67], but is still significantly higher than the price of glass fiber ($1.65/kg) [68]. This high cost has caused TLCPs to develop only niche markets, such as in the electronics industry, rather than any of the high volume markets currently enjoyed by commodity thermoplastics.In summary, TLCPs possess a combination of high mechanical properties and light weight which suggests they could be competitive with glass fibers as reinforcing agents. The TLCP fibers have specific tensile strengths and moduli which match or exceed glass fibers, demonstrating their reinforcing potential. However, the use of neat TLCPs has two major drawbacks: 1) their high cost and 2) the forming of highly anisotropic parts.1.2 In Situ CompositesOne way to use TLCPs to reinforce thermoplastics is by forming what are known as in situ composites [69]. These are created by processing both the thermoplastic and TLCP as a molten blend and forming that blend into a final part. This processing technique has two distinct advantages: 1) the reinforcing phase is fully wetted by the matrix and 2) no compounding step is needed because the reinforcement is generated in the melt. The main processing methods which have been used to generate in situ composites are sheet extrusion, injection molding, and fiber spinning.Production of in situ composite sheets and films is typically done by sheet extrusion, with draw ratios up to fifty-five being achieved.At the lower draw ratios, some of the in situ composites have improved properties while others show no reinforcement [58, 70- 83]. Ramanathan et al. [58] showed that in a polycarbonate/TLCP blend, the LCP can double the blend's tensile modulus from 2.5 to 5.3 GPa as it is taken from a draw ratio (DR) of 1.45 to 5.60. The work of Sukhadia et al. [72] on blends of PET/Vectra A900 and PET/HX4000 did not give a similar improvement. These blends showed no discernible increase in mechanical properties for draw ratios up to 6.6. The explanation for this was the inability to apply high strains. This resulted in low molecular orientation and consequently low mechanical properties. Where it has been possible to apply higher draw ratios, a more pronounced improvement in mechanical properties can be attained [76, 81]. For example, in dynamic mechanical testing, polyetherimide containing 30 wt % Vectra A900 showed a storage modulus of 1.0·1011 Pa at a DR of 19 while only 4.0·109 Pa at a DR of 3.3 [76]. However, it is generally demonstrated in the research literature that sheet extrusion is unable to achieve high draw ratios because of necking of the sheet and equipment limitations. The result is the TLCP phase is not fully deformed and oriented, so the full reinforcing potential of the TLCP is not realized.In injection molding of in situ composites, optimizing the reinforcing potential of the TLCP phase is complicated by the presence of several variables which do not exist in other forms of processing. O'Donnell and Baird [53, 84] investigated the effects some of these variables had on mechanical properties by varying mold thickness, fill time, and mold temperature. This was done using blends of polypropylene (PP), maleated polypropylene (MAP), and Vectra B950, at a weight concentration of 70 percent PP/MAP mixture (10 wt % MAP) and 30 percent Vectra B950. It was found the mechanical properties were more sensitive to fill time and mold thickness. Moduli reached maximum values at the shortest fill times. Using a fill time of 1 second, the flexural modulus was 5.10 GPa while a 10.7 second fill time produced a modulus of only 3.21 GPa. Unlike the neat TLCP plaques, the best properties were not obtained when using the thinnest mold (1.0 mm thick) but rather the two thicker molds (1.5 mm and 2.3 mm thick). The best flexural properties of the 1.0 mm thick plaques was a modulus of 3.82 GPa and a strength of 56.3 MPa while the 1.5 mm thick plaques had a modulus of 5.10 GPa and a strength of 60.5 MPa. The conclusion from this work was that using a fast fill time with a moderately thick mold utilizes the reinforcing potential of the TLCP most effectively.The anisotropy present in neat injection molded TLCPs is likewise found in in situ composites. Bafna and coworkers [85] showed this in a thorough study of polyetherimide (PEI)/TLCP composites. In this investigation, a film-gated rectangular mold was used to produce plaques, from which samples were cut and the machine and transverse flexural moduli were measured. At loadings of 50 wt% TLCP, over 4 to 1 anisotropy was found. The PEI/HX1000 (50/50 wt%) plaques had a machine direction flexural modulus of 12.92 GPa while the transverse direction was only 3.20 GPa. The PEI/HX4000 (50/50 wt%) plaques showed similar results, with a machine direction modulus of 12.25 GPa and a transverse direction modulus of 2.71 GPa (refer to Table 1.1).The anisotropy typical of in situ TLCP composites is also greater than that found with their glass fiber filled counterparts [85]. This was demonstrated by contrasting the effect of loading polyetherimide (PEI) with 30 wt% of three different materials: 1) HX1000, 2) HX4000 and 3) glass fiber. HX1000 and HX4000 are two TLCPs composed of hydroquinone, terephthalic acid, and hydroquinone derivatives, so this directly compares TLCP reinforcement to glass fiber reinforcement. The PEI/glass fiber (70/30 wt%) composite had a ratio of machine direction to transverse direction flexural moduli of 1.88. The PEI/TLCP (70/30 wt %) ratios were significantly higher, with the PEI/HX1000 blend having a value of 2.27 and the PEI/HX4000 blend possessing a value of 2.18.Table 1.1: Anisotropy of In Situ Composites. These results are from flexural tests of samples cut from film-gated rectangular plaques[85]. Ultem 1000 is an unfilled grade of polyetherimide while HX1000 and HX4000 are two types of thermotropic liquid crystalline polymers.Ultem 1000/HX1000Ultem 1000/HX4000Weight Percent (PEI/HX 1000)Mach. Dir.Flex. Mod.(GPa)Trans. Dir.Flex. Mod.(GPa)WeightPercent(PEI/HX4000)Mach.Dir.Flex.Mod.(GPa)Trans. Dir.Flex. Mod.(GPa)100/0 3.00 3.05100/0 3.00 3.05 80/20 6.20***80/20 5.31 3.12 70/307.27 3.2070/307.00 3.21 50/5012.92 3.2050/5012.25 2.71 30/7015.83 2.7030/7014.75 2.62 0/10015.60 2.400/10014.00 2.36The explanation provided for this difference was how each method of reinforcement is generated by the flow kinematics. In situ composites rely mostly on extensional flow kinematics to first generate the TLCP fibrils and then orient them in a specific direction; shear flow does not significantly deform the TLCP and does not contribute to property improvement. For injection molded film-gated plaques, this extensional deformation occurs only at the advancing front as the melt flows in the machine direction. Because the extensional deformation is predominantly in the machine direction, that is the only direction in which the plaques are reinforced.Meanwhile, glass fiber filled polymers are less anisotropic because the flow kinematics only orient the reinforcement. As with the in situ composites, the advancing front during molding filling produces a skin with fibers oriented in the machine direction. However, the shear flow which follows the advancing front is also important for glass filled systems. In end gated plaques, the shear flow tends to position fiber orientation in the transverse direction, especially near the core of the plaque [86]. By having reinforcement in both directions, the composite plaques are less anisotropic.Despite the problem of anisotropy, in situ composites are competitive with glass reinforcement when just the machine direction mechanical properties are compared [85, 87]. PEI with 30 wt% glass fiber was shown to have a machine direction tensile modulus of 9.2 GPa, while loading the PEI with 30 wt% HX4000 gave a slightly higher modulus of 9.8 GPa. When the density difference between the two composites is considered, the in situ composite shows significantly superior mechanical properties. The specific modulus of the PEI/HX4000 blend is 7.4 GPa·cm3/g versus only 6.1 GPa·cm3/g for the PEI/glass composite. These results confirm the potential of TLCPs as a reinforcing agent.Comparing the moduli of various in situ composites, composite fibers are typically stiffer than injection molded composites. An example of this can be shown by comparing the tensile modulus of PP/Vectra B950 (80/20 wt% composites). O'Donnell, Datta, and Baird [52] found that injection molded film-gated plaques had a machine direction modulus of 3.209 GPa. Meanwhile, Robertson [43], using the same PP/Vectra B950 (80/20 wt%) composition, were able to spin in situ composite strands with a modulus of 13 GPa when drawn to draw ratios over 50.The reason for this difference is primarily associated with the flow kinematics found in fiber spinning versus injection molding. In fiber spinning, high uniaxial extensional strains, as evidenced by high draw ratios, can be applied to all of the TLCP domains. In injection molding, extensional deformations are formed primarily at the advancing front with shear deformation in the core. Therefore, only TLCP domains which reach the advancing front have the potential to be subjected to high extensional strains.Fiber spinning has the advantage of being able to apply high strains of purely uniaxial extensional deformation [72, 75, 77, 88-105], resulting in exceptional properties. The high strains are reflected in the fiber draw ratios, with values over 50 not uncommon. Lin et al. [102] blended polycarbonate/Vectra B950 (74.1/26.9 volume %) and drew it to a draw ratio of 34. These fibers had moduli of 19.0 GPa in a and tensile strengths over 140 MPa. This modulus is much higher than that of neat polycarbonate, which is only 2.5 GPa.Several workers have shown excellent fiber properties using a patented dual extruder process [42, 43, 72, 106-109]. This process has succeeded in producing fibers of PP/Vectra B950 (50/50 wt%) with tensile moduli of 44 GPa, tensile strengths around 400 MPa, and draw ratios over 200 [43]. Using the rule of mixtures composite theory, the calculated tensile modulus of the Vectra B950 phase was approximately 100 GPa. Other blends have produced similar results, such as fibers of PP/HX1000 (73/27 wt%) having tensile moduli of 12 GPa [42]. Using the rule of mixtures, the tensile modulus of the HX1000 phase was calculated to be around 50 GPa. These results suggest that any post processing techniques should use spun fibers if the maximum possible mechanical properties are desired.In summary, blends of neat TLCPs and inexpensive commodity resins have several useful features. By blending the TLCP with inexpensive commodity resins, the formed part is less expensive than it would be using neat TLCP resin [25]. In situ composites are successful in exploiting the mechanical properties of TLCPs, with the blend fibers in particular showing exceptional mechanical properties. On a weight basis, the blends can be competitive with glass reinforcement, as shown by comparing machine direction properties of injection molded in situ plaques with glass-fiber reinforced plaques. However, unlike other forms of short fiber reinforcement, no compounding step is necessary because the production of in situ composites simultaneously generates and fully wets the reinforcement. This is a significant advantage over other composites, since compounding fibers into a molten matrix reduces mechanical properties by damaging the fibers and adds another processing step.However, in situ composites still possess disadvantages. At similar weight fractions, the material cost of TLCP-based composites is higher than glass fiber reinforced composites because TLCPs are more expensive than glass fiber. Also, injection molded in situ composites are more anisotropic than short fiber reinforced composites.1.3 Post Processing of In Situ CompositesOne way to overcome the anisotropy associated with in situ composites is by using various post processing techniques. Several methods of post processing have been investigated, including shear free deformation, thermoforming, compression molding, and。

中国液晶高分子（LCP）产能占比及应用场景分析液晶高分子（LCP）是指在一定条件下能以液晶相存在的高分子，其特点为分子具有较高的分子量且具有取向有序。

LCP性能优异、介电损耗低，有望在5G高频信号传输中加速应用；良好的挠性材料方便组合设计，满足电子产品小型化的趋势要求；良好的机械性能将有望拓展LCP在工程领域的应用空间。

LCP产能主要集中在日本和美国，行业集中度较高。

2019年全球LCP 树脂材料产能约7.6万吨，主要集中在日本、美国和中国，占比分别为45%、34%和21%，从具体生产企业看，塞拉尼斯、宝理塑料以及住友三家企业差能超过了1万吨，前三家企业产能占比高达63%，行业中度较高。

我国进入LCP领域较晚，长期依赖美日进口，近几年来随着普利特、金发科技、沃特股份、聚嘉新材料等企业陆续投产，LCP 材料产能快速增长。

目前主流的天线基材主要是聚酰亚胺(PI)，但是由于PI基材的介电常数和损耗因子较大、吸潮性较大、可靠性较差，高频传输损耗严重、结构特性较差，已经无法适应当前高频高速的趋势，因而在信号传输频率不断提升过程中，MPI（改性聚酰亚胺）材料应运而生。

由于PI 在高频传输过程中的限制，生产企业通过将PI单体进行含氟量提升等方式对PI高聚物进行改性以满足10-15GHz的信号传输要求。

然而伴随更高频率的毫米波段的逐步应用，MPI的传输亦将受到限制，在多层板设计方面不足将逐步凸显，更高频率的信号传输要求将促使LCP材料加速推广。

LCP介电常数和介电损耗极低，在毫米波传输中有效降低信号损耗。

毫米波的绕射能力较差，接近于直线传播，对于智能手机的天线接收方向设计有更高的要求。

LCP产品具有良好的电绝缘性，介电常数极低，具有极小的介电损耗（频率在60GHz，损耗角正切值只有0.002-0.004）和导体损耗，在接受和发射毫米波信号时在基板材料上的损耗较小，可以显著提高信号传递的质量。

LCP具有挠性，多层结构设计可以有效满足5G天线的复杂设计要求。

LCP薄膜材料的行业竞争格局分析LCP（Liquid Crystal Polymer）是一种低摩擦、高强度、高温稳定性的薄膜材料，具有优异的电绝缘性能和耐化学性能，被广泛应用于电子、航空航天、汽车、医疗等领域。

下面是关于LCP薄膜材料行业竞争格局的分析。

一、行业概况LCP薄膜材料是一种特殊的聚酰亚胺薄膜材料，具有优异的物理机械性能和电性能。

由于其具备低摩擦、高强度、高耐热和阻燃等特性，LCP薄膜材料在电子设备中得到广泛应用。

随着电子设备的不断进步和需求的增长，LCP薄膜材料市场规模也在不断扩大。

二、主要竞争企业1.杜邦：杜邦是全球化工行业的巨头，其在LCP薄膜材料市场上拥有优势地位。

杜邦拥有强大的研发实力和广泛的市场渠道，产品质量和稳定性受到客户的认可。

2.索尼化学：索尼化学是一家专注于高功能薄膜的企业，其在LCP薄膜材料市场上有一定份额。

索尼化学凭借其先进的技术和品质管理体系，在市场上拥有一定的竞争优势。

3.美国蒙罗维亚公司：美国蒙罗维亚公司（MTC）是一家专注于LCP薄膜材料生产的企业，产品质量和性能在行业内名列前茅。

其专注于LCP薄膜材料的研发和创新，在市场上占据一定份额。

4.台湾奇美材料科技公司：奇美材料是台湾知名的材料供应商，其在LCP薄膜材料领域也有一定的竞争力。

奇美材料以其高质量、高性能的产品在市场上树立了良好的品牌形象。

三、竞争分析1.产品质量：LCP薄膜材料主要应用于高端电子设备，产品质量是企业竞争的重要方面。

竞争企业需要通过不断提升产品的物理机械性能和电性能，以满足客户的需求，提高市场份额。

2.研发创新：LCP薄膜材料的研发创新对企业的竞争能力至关重要。

企业需要加大研发投入，不断推出新的产品和技术来满足市场需求，提高产品竞争力。

3.成本优势：在激烈的市场竞争中，企业需要通过降低生产成本提高竞争优势。

通过提高生产效率、降低原材料采购成本等方式来实现成本优势，增强市场竞争力。

4.市场渠道：市场渠道是企业获取订单和销售产品的重要方式。

目录一、iPhone X首次规模应用LCP天线，引领软板工艺升级浪潮 (1)二、消费电子高频高速和小型化趋势下，软板工艺和价值迎来双升级 (3)2.1 软板是终端天线主流工艺，应用市场广泛 (3)2.2 高频高速趋势下，传统软板遭遇性能瓶颈，LCP成为新的软板工艺 (5)2.3 LCP软板替代PI软板和同轴电缆，可实现更高程度的小型化 (7)2.4 LCP封装可实现高频电路的柔性封装，进一步提高产品附加值 (9)三、存量替代、品类扩张、架构升级逻辑并存，LCP产业爆发在即 (11)3.1 高频高速和小型化需求下，LCP将全面替代传输线 (11)3.2 从智能手机到苹果全线产品，品类扩张有望扩大LCP需求 (12)3.3 从2阶到4阶MIMO再到阵列天线，架构升级推高天线市场增量需求 (13)3.4 短期需求确定，长期增长无忧，LCP市场进入快速成长期 (15)四、产业链暂由美日台厂商主导，转单带来大陆厂商受益机会 (16)4.1 美日台厂商目前占据产业主导地位 (16)4.2 iPhone LCP天线市场率先爆发 (17)4.3 iPhone LCP产业链日趋完善，大陆厂商迎来切入机会 (19)五、投资建议：首推立讯精密，看好信维通信、生益科技等 (22)5.1 立讯精密：零组件全能管家，率先切入iPhone LCP模组 (22)5.2 信维通信：LCP业务从材料到封装全线布局，迎来新的成长机遇 (23)5.3 生益科技：国内覆铜板龙头，LCP FCCL已成功商业化 (24)图目录图1：旗舰机iPhone X用了4倍于中端机iPhone 8/8Plus的LCP软板 (1)图2：iPhone X使用的4片LCP软板、2片PI天线软板的正面和反面及其位置 (2)图3：村田制作所的MetroCirc产品应用 (2)图4：MetroCirc采用一次层压，可靠性和结构性能更高 (2)图5：iPhone 6s天线构架及其Cellular/WLAN/BT/GPS/NFC天线设计 (3)图6：软板在智能手机、笔记本电脑中的应用举例 (4)图7：2017-2025年期间，终端应用的通信频率和数据速率不断提高 (5)图8：软板的数据传输速度每三年翻一倍 (5)图9：软板路线图——尺寸越来越小，数据容量越来越大 (5)图10：PI软板与LCP软板的剖面结构 (6)图11：在更高频率范围时，LCP软板具有比PI软板更好的S21损耗特性 (6)图12：近10年来智能手机厚度不断减小 (7)图13：柔性电子产品与柔性衬底基材弯折半径路线图 (7)图14：手机天线的结构设计延续小型化趋势 (7)图15：LCP软板具有更好的柔性性能，进一步提高空间利用效率和软板可靠性 (8)图16：智能手机空间日益紧迫，天线传输线亟需被集成 (8)图17：LCP软板替代天线传输线可以减小65%的厚度 (8)图18：LCP软板具有与天线传输线同等的优良传输损耗表现，成本却更低 (8)图19：LCP封装具有高频电路的柔性封装能力，在射频前端模组封装方面极有前景 (9)图20：LCP软板的高频高速性能、小型化能力、柔性埋置封装能力带来价值提升 (10)图21：iPhone使用的索尼摄像头模组从2010年开始已经使用埋置PCB技术 (10)图22：iPhone天线已从“PI软板+同轴电缆”转向“一体化LCP天线”设计 (11)图23：高速接口数据传输速率不断提高 (12)图24：住友电工基于LCP软板的USB传输线 (12)图25：高频高速趋势下，LCP软板取代同轴电缆并与天线传输线进行融合 (12)图26：iPhone之后，Apple Watch、MacBook、iPad亦有望导入LCP软板 (13)图27：2x2和4x4 MIMO天线配置示例 (14)图28：三星Galaxy S6 Edge+的天线构架 (14)图29：三星Galaxy S7 Edge的天线构架 (14)图30：三星Galaxy S8天线构架升级使得天线需求提升 (14)图31：LCP封装有望成为集成阵列天线和射频前端的终极方案，具有更高价值 (14)图32：LCP软板市场的短期、中期、长期需求逻辑 (15)图33：智能手机出货量与LCP天线渗透率预测 (15)图34：智能手机LCP天线市场空间预测（亿美元） (15)图35：LCP软板从原材料到模组的生产流程 (16)图36：历代iPhone销量与2018款销量预测（百万台） (17)图37：2017-2019年iPhone LCP天线市场规模预测 (17)图38：LCP模组环节价值占比达到LCP天线的30% (18)图39：LCP材料价值占比达到LCP软板成本15% (18)图40：村田MetroCirc业务的战略规划，计划2021年实现9亿美元销售 (19)图41：嘉联益的智能手机软板产品、LCP FCCL与多层软板结构 (20)图42：2017年iPhone LCP天线模组份额估算 (21)图43：2018年iPhone LCP天线模组份额预测 (21)图44：2017年iPhone LCP天线软板份额估算 (21)图45：2018年iPhone LCP天线软板份额预测 (21)图46：立讯精密的长期成长路径 (22)图47：立讯精密的天线、传输线均有望受益苹果LCP天线和LCP传输线 (22)图48：信维通信发展历程 (23)图49：信维通信以天线、射频传输线为核心的多元产品布局 (23)图50：生益科技高速基材发展路线图 (24)表目录表1：iPhone 8/8Plus/X支持丰富的射频功能 (1)表2：村田制作所MetroCirc技术特点与适用场景 (2)表3：天线按照外观、应用、功能和工艺不同具有多种分类 (4)表4：智能手机主流天线工艺方案比较 (4)表5：LCP软板相比PI和改性PI软板更适合高频高速和小型化需求 (6)表6：LCP软板替代天线传输线可实现更高的空间利用率 (8)表7：三种埋层封装工艺中LCP封装最具技术优势 (9)表8：具有更高价值含量的LCP封装的商用化正加速到来 (10)表9：终端设备正面临从单一天线传输线转向集成多传输线的LCP软板 (11)表10：用于LTE设备的三种天线MIMO配置 (13)表11：LCP软板产业链主要公司及其在产业链的位置 (16)表12：2017-2019年iPhone LCP天线出货量与市场规模预测 (18)表13：2017-2019年iPhone LCP天线价值链分布（亿美元） (18)表14：村田制作所近年在LCP软板领域积极规划并大力投入 (19)表15：苹果LCP天线供应链初步成型 (20)表16：生益科技是少有的拥有已商品化LCP FCCL产品的覆铜板厂商 (24)一、iPhone X首次规模应用LCP天线，引领软板工艺升级浪潮2017年9月13日，苹果发布了第11代手机iPhone X/8/8Plus。

宝理液晶高分子LCP材料
可以容纳网络和新材料
一、概述
汉宝理液晶高分子（LCP）是一种具有极高性能的新型热可塑塑料，
它具有独特的高温抗拉强度、良好的机械性能、出色的抗机械冲击性能、
抗化学腐蚀性能及优异的导热性能，并且具有耐温性、稳定性、耐腐蚀性、逼近丝网络状的表面结构和可施加回转等特性，可应用于国际空间站、航
空航天、汽车、电子产品、激光特种机械等各个领域。

二、特性
汉宝理液晶高分子（LCP）具有优异的物理性能和化学性能，其中包括：
1、高温抗拉强度：汉宝理液晶高分子（LCP）具有极高的抗拉强度和
耐压强度，能够在高温下使用，适合高热性能的应用场合；
2、优异的机械性能：汉宝理液晶高分子（LCP）具有抗冲击性能和优
越的强度，可有效提供刚性和耐磨性，并且具有不可比拟的延展性；
3、优异的导热性能：汉宝理液晶高分子（LCP）具有良好的导热性能，可以有效抑制由于热稳定性差而造成的产品玷污；
4、抗化学腐蚀性能：汉宝理液晶高分子具有极强的抗化学腐蚀性能，可以有效抵御破坏；。