AIS系统介绍

基于AIS的船舶避碰数据采集系统设计摘要：船舶自动识别系统(Automatic Identification System，简称AIS )工作在海上VHF 频段，运用SOTDMA方式发射船舶数据，具有补充现有船舶导航存在的缺陷，减少船舶碰撞事故;提高搜救遇险船舶的速度;增强雷达，船舶交通管理系统VTS的功能。

随着全球经济的发展、国家之间交流的日益频繁，航运业迎来了蓬勃发展的又一次高峰，航海技术的提高也越来越受到重视。

上个世于船纪，VHF通信技术被广泛地应用舶通的功而无法适应现术、数字通信技术以及网络信息技术能但是信领域。

雷达、ARPA具代航运安全的需求;随着计算机技有识别船舶由于它们自身的局限性的飞速发展，AIS的技术基础已经形成，在航运界对助航设各的要求越来越高的情况下，船舶自动识别系统应运而生。

船舶自动识别系统首先被用于航海避碰。

由于雷达特性的限制，以及不是所有的船都装备有这个设备，因而它首先被用做为一种监视与判断碰撞的危险度的一种方式。

获得船舶自动识别系统发送的数据对于船舶避碰非常重要。

本文对AIS基本结构、工作原理、技术特点、及其输入输出接口，输出信息的帧封装及解析原理等进行了解析。

在此基础上完成了AIS信息采集处理的系统设计。

试验表明所得到的AIS信息准确可靠。

该项技术的研究，是AIS信息应用系统研究的基础。

关键词：船舶避碰AIS VHF GPS 数据采集Abstract:AIS works on the marine VHF, use the SOTDMA (Self Organized Time Division Multiple Access) data chain protocol to transfer data of ships. The AIS can help the limits of the current services, and decrease the collide case of ships, and improve the value of the safe action in marine, and make the content of the radar and the VTS more stronger.With the development of the economy of international and the more communication of the countries, the navigation gets a chance to have a booming future. The navigation technologies are more and more to be emphasized.During the last century, the VHF (Very High Frequency) communication has been applied in the ship's transportation, as well as radar and ARPA also could identify ships in the marine. But they couldn't adapt to the needs of the modern navigation because of their limits. The rapid development of the digital communications technology, computer technology and net ware technology supports the needed technology of AIS (Automatic Identification System). As the aiding service of the navigation, AIS is born to live and will be stronger and stronger.AIS is used in navigation primarily for collision avoidance. Due to the limitations of radio characteristics, and because not all vessels are equipped with AIS, the system is meant to be used primarily as a means of lookout and to determine risk of collision。

Get the information of the Ais is important for collision avoidance.This paper introduces the base structure、work principle、technical and I/O port of the AIS, also presents AIS’s frame encapsulation format and decoding encapsulation method.Based on the above method,the software wasdesigned for the information collecting and processing from AIS.The experiment showed that the AIS information obtained through collecting and processing in this way was accurate and reliable.Studying on these techniques is the base of studying the AIS information application systerm..Keywords: collision avoidance AIS VHF GPS data Acquisition目录第1章绪论1.1 AIS技术的来源与发展1.1.1 AIS的产生背景.........................................................................................1.1.2 AIS现状与其发展.....................................................................................1.2课题的提出....................................................................1.3论文的主要研究内容和研究成果.....................................................................1.3.1研究内容...................................................................................................1.3.2研究成果................................................................................................... 1.4论文的结构.........................................................................................................第2章AIS技术标准和当前主要应用分析.................................................................2.1 AIS基本构成和工作原理................................................................................2.1.1 AIS基本组成…..........................................................................................2.1.2船载AIS的种类......................................................................................2.1.3 AIS的工作过程......................................................................................2.2 AIS的技术标准及特点................................................................2.2.1 AIS技术标准...................................................2.2.2新规范的AIS技术特点........................................................................2.3 AIS主要技术及指标................................................................................2.3.1自组织时分多址接续SOTDMA技术..................................................2.3.2 AIS工作频道及调制方式..........................................................2.3.3 AIS工作模式。

....................................................................................2.4 AIS的协议........................................................................................................2.4.1 AIS的OSI模型...............................................................................2.4.2 HDLG通信规程..................................................................2.5 AIS的应用...........................................................................................第3章AIS接收机系统硬件设计......................................................................3.1系统的功能分析与设计...................................................................................3.2系统方案设计..................................................................................................3.3微处理器模块的设计.......................................................................................3.3.1嵌入式系统发展现状及趋势.................................................................3.3.2嵌入式系统特点及分类...……3.3.3 ARM嵌入式微处理器的选择3.4 GMSK解调模块方案的设计...........................................................................3.4.1基于调制解调芯片的GMSK解调.......................................................3.4.2基于DSP的GMSK解调......................................................................3.5系统其他部分的设计.......................................................................................3.5.1显示模块.................................................................................................3.5.2输出部分.................................................................................................第4章关键技术的研究和设计...........................................................................4.1嵌入式系统技术...............................................................................................4.1.1嵌入式系统的组成.................................................................................4.1.2嵌入式操作系统的选择.........................................................................4.1.3嵌入式系统开发模式.............................................................................4.2基于S3C2410的ARM9硬件开发平台.........................................................4.3基于S3C2410的ARM9软件开发流程.........................................................4.4 GMSK基带信号的解调设计...........................................................................4.4.1 GMSK的理论依据.................................................................................4.4.2 GMSK基带解调.....................................................................................4.5 AIS系统中的同步............................................................................................4.5.1 AIS系统的同步.......................................................................................4.5.2 AIS系统的同步技术分析.......................................................................4.5.3 AIS系统的同步设计...............................................................................第5章系统软件设计仿真与解码显示...............................................................................5.1 AIS接收机的软件设计....................................................................................5.1.1 AIS数据的提取及解包...................................................................5.1.2 AIS数据检测、重新打包及输出...........................................................5.2 GMSK基带信号的仿真...................................................................................5.3 AIS的解码与显示............................................................................................5.3.1 AIS信息的报文格式...............................................................................5.3.2 AIS信息种类...........................................................................................5.3.3 AIS解码及显示....................................................................................... 第6章结束语...............................................................................................................第1章绪论本文在分析国内外AIS发展现状及其应用的前提下，就如何设计一种适合于小型船舶和AIS信息采集岸台使用的简易型AIS信息接收机的设计问题进行分析研究。