2010英语四级强化备考：阅读练习(9)

2010年英语专业四级阅读真题答案1. Many of the electric goods which are advertised as ______ the modern woman tend to have the opposite effect. [单选题] *A. liberateB. to liberateC. liberating(正确答案)D. liberated2. The plan for unity under a federal system ______ into effect in 1782. [单选题] *A. putB. gotC. went(正确答案)D. set3. College students can easily ______ from one curriculum to another, from one institution to another, as suited to their needs. [单选题] *A. moveB. transfer(正确答案)C. transmuteD. travel4. There is hardly any ______ hotel room available during the summer holidays. [单选题] *A. vacant(正确答案)B. emptyC. freeD. blank5. The absent-mindedness of the boy is ______ of his lack of interest in the lesson. [单选题] *A. evidentB. positiveC. indicative(正确答案)D. revealing6. There has been a ______ increase of complaint about the matter because of misunderstanding. [单选题] *A. regrettingB. regrettedC. regretfulD. regrettable(正确答案)7. Do you know how much the ______ family spends on food in the urban area? [单选题] *A. normalB. generalC. usualD. average(正确答案)8. No one believes what the new director ______ to have achieved. [单选题] *A. declaresB. confirmsC. statesD. claims(正确答案)9. We'll make no ______ between the terrorists and those who harbor them. [单选题] *A. divisionB. comparisonC. differenceD. distinction(正确答案)10. The humid continental climate gradually ______ to the continental steppe climate of the Great Plains. [单选题] *A. give way(正确答案)B. give awayC. give upD. give out11. The couple less ______ to each other tend to end up in divorce. [单选题] *A. committed(正确答案)B. linkedC. connectedD. contributed12. Reasons for careful teaching range from preventing a child ______ to keeping a child occupied. A. sinking behind [单选题] *B. falling behindC. drawing behind(正确答案)D. crawling behind13. Massive changes in all of the world's deeply ______ sporting habits are underway. [单选题] *A. cherished(正确答案)B. assumedC. expectedD. supposed14. The government policy is that services for the people with mental illness should be community ______ and easily accessible. [单选题] *A. based(正确答案)B. basicC. basisD. bases15. Rosamond felt unhappy without any ______ of his project at the meeting. [单选题] *A. clueB. hintC. commentD. mention(正确答案)16. About three-fifths of the country has a ______ annual rainfall between 782 and 1,500 mm. [单选题] *A. moderateB. mean(正确答案)C. extraD. excessive17. Others viewed the findings with ______, noting that a cause-and-effect relationship between passive smoking and cancer remains to be shown. [单选题] *A. caution(正确答案)B. passionC. optimismD. deliberation18. When supply exceeds demand for any product, prices are ______ to fall. [单选题] *A. timelyB. liable(正确答案)C. simultaneousD. subject19. The results are hardly ______ ; he cannot believe they are accurate. [单选题] *A. crucialB. criticalC. credible(正确答案)D. contrary20. The ball ______ two or three Times before rolling down the slope. [单选题] *A. swayedB. hoppedC. dartedD. bounced(正确答案)21. Connie was told that if she worked too hard, her health would ______。

大学英语四级长篇阅读专项强化真题试卷9(题后含答案及解析) 题型有：1.Finding the Right Home—and Contentment, TooA)When your elderly relative needs to enter some sort of long-term care facility—a moment few parents or children approach without fear—what you would like is to have everything made clear.B)Does assisted living really mark a great improvement over a nursing home, or has the industry simply hired better interior designers? Are nursing homes as bad as people fear, or is that an outmoded stereotype(固定看法)? Can doing one’s homework really steer families to the best places? It is genuinely hard to know.C)I am about to make things more complicated by suggesting that what kind of facility an older person lives in may matter less than we have assumed. And that the characteristics adult children look for when they begin the search are not necessarily the things that make a difference to the people who are going to move in. I am not talking about the quality of care, let me hastily add. Nobody flourishes in a gloomy environment with irresponsible staff and a poor safety record. But an accumulating body of research indicates that some distinctions between one type of elder care and another have little real bearing on how well residents do.D)The most recent of these studies, published in The Journal of Applied Gerontology, surveyed 150 Connecticut residents of assisted living, nursing homes and smaller residential care homes(known in some states as board and care homes or adult care homes). Researchers from the University of Connecticut Health Center asked the residents a large number of questions about their quality of life, emotional well-being and social interaction, as well as about the quality of the facilities.E)”We thought we would see differences based on the housing types,”said the lead author of the study, Julie Robison, an associate professor of medicine at the university. A reasonable assumption—don’t families struggle to avoid nursing homes and suffer real guilt if they can’t?F)In the initial results, assisted living residents did paint the most positive picture. They were less likely to report symptoms of depression than those in the other facilities, for instance, and less likely to be bored or lonely. They scored higher on social interaction.G)But when the researchers plugged in a number of other variables, such differences disappeared. It is not the housing type, they found, that creates differences in residents’ responses. “ It is the characteristics of the specific environment they are in, combined with their own personal characteristics—how healthy they feel they are, their age and marital status,” Dr. Robison explained. Whether residents felt involved in the decision to move and how long they had lived there also proved significant.H)An elderly person who describes herself as in poor health, therefore, might be no less depressed in assisted living(even if her children preferred it)than in a nursing home. A person who had input into where he would move and has had time to adapt to it might do as well in a nursing home as in a small residential care home, other factors being equal. It is an interaction between the person and the place, not thesort of place in itself, that leads to better or worse experiences. “You can’t just say, ‘ Let’s put this person in a residential care home instead of a nursing home—she will be much better off,’“ Dr. Robison said. What matters, she added, “is a combination of what people bring in with them, and what they find there. “I)Such findings, which run counter to common sense, have surfaced before. In a multi-state study of assisted living, for instance, University of North Carolina researchers found that a host of variables—the facility’s type, size or age: whether a chain owned it: how attractive the neighborhood was—had no significant relationship to how the residents fared in terms of illness, mental decline, hospitalizations or mortality. What mattered most was the residents’ physical health and mental status. What people were like when they came in had greater consequence than what happened once they were there.J)As I was considering all this, a press release from a respected research firm crossed my desk, announcing that the five-star rating system that Medicare developed in 2008 to help families compare nursing home quality also has little relationship to how satisfied its residents or their family members are. As a matter of fact, consumers expressed higher satisfaction with the one-star facilities, the lowest rated, than with the five-star ones.(More on this study and the star ratings will appear in a subsequent post.)K)Before we collectively tear our hair out—how are we supposed to find our way in a landscape this confusing? —here is a thought from Dr. Philip Sloane, a geriatrician(老年病学专家)at the University of North Carolina:” In a way, that could be liberating for families. “L)Of course, sons and daughters want to visit the facilities, talk to the administrators and residents and other families, and do everything possible to fulfill their duties. But perhaps they don’t have to turn themselves into private investigators or Congressional subcommittees. “Families can look a bit more for where the residents are going to be happy,” Dr. Sloane said. And involving the future resident in the process can be very important.M)We all have our own ideas about what would bring our parents happiness. They have their ideas, too. A friend recently took her mother to visit an expensive assisted living/nursing home near my town. I have seen this place—it is elegant, inside and out. But nobody greeted the daughter and mother when they arrived, though the visit had been planned: nobody introduced them to the other residents. When they had lunch in the dining room, they sat alone at a table.N)The daughter feared her mother would be ignored there, and so she decided to move her into a more welcoming facility. Based on what is emerging from some of this research, that might have been as rational a way as any to reach a decision.1．Many people feel guilty when they cannot find a place other than a nursing home for their parents.正确答案：E2．Though it helps for children to investigate care facilities, involving their parents in the decisionmaking process may prove very important.正确答案：L3．It is really difficult to tell if assisted living is better than a nursing home.正确答案：B4．How a resident feels depends on an interaction between themselves and the care facility they live in.正确答案：H5．The author thinks her friend made a rational decision in choosing a more hospitable place over an apparently elegant assisted living home.正确答案：N6．The system Medicare developed to rate nursing home quality is of little help to finding a satisfactory place.正确答案：J7．At first the researchers of the most recent study found residents in assisted living facilities gave higher scores on social interaction.正确答案：F8．What kind of care facility old people live in may be less important than we think.正确答案：C9．The findings of the latest research were similar to an earlier multi-state study of assisted living.正确答案：I10．A resident’s satisfaction with a care facility has much to do with whether they had participated in the decision to move in and how long they had stayed there.正确答案：G。

英语四级考试强化阅读训练题及答案？英语四级考试强化阅读训练题***一***How could we possibly think that keeping animals in cages in unnatural environments-mostly for entertainment purposes-is fair and respectful?Zoo officials say they are concerned about animals. However, most zoos remain “collections” of interesting “things” rather than protective habitats ***栖息地***. Zoos teach people that it is acceptable to keep animals bored, lonely, and far from their natural homes.Zoos claim ***声称*** to educate people and save endangered species***物种***, but visitors leave zoos without having learned anything meaningful about the animals’ natural behavior, intelligence, or beauty. Zoos keep animals in ... all spaces or cage s, and most signs only mention the species’ name, diet, and natural range***分布区***. The animals’ normal behavior is seldom noticed because zoos don’t usually take care of the animals’ natural needs.The animals are kept together in ... all spaces, with no privacy and little opportunity for mental and physical exercise. This results in unusual and self-destructive behavior called zoochosis.A worldwide study of zoos found that zoochosis is mon among animals kept in ... all spaces or cages. Another study showed that elephants spend 22 percent of their time making repeated head movements or biting cage bars, and bears spend 30 percent of their time walking back and forth, a sign of unhappiness and pain.Furthermore, most animals in zoos are not endangered. Captive breeding***圈养繁殖***of endangered big cats, Asian elephants, and other species has not resulted n their being sentback to the wild. Zoos talk a lot about their captive breeding programs because they do not want people to worry about a species dying out. In fact, baby animals also attract a lot of paying customers. Haven’t we seen enough petitions to name baby animals?Actually, we will save endangered species only if we save their habitats and put an end to the reasons people kill them. Instead of supporting zoos, we should support groups that work to protect animals’ natural habitats.1. How would the author describe the animals’ life in zoos?A. Dangerous.B. Unhappy.C. Natural.D. Easy.2. In the state of zoochosis, animals _________.A. remain in cagesB. behave strangelyC. attack other animalsD. enjoy moving around3. What does the author try to argue n the passage?A. Zoos are not worth the public support.B. Zoos fail in their attempt to save animals.C. Zoos should treat animals as human beings.D. Zoos use animals as a means of entertainment.4. The author tries to persuade readers to accept his argument mainly by _____.A. pointing out the faults in what zoos doB. using evidence he has collected at zoosC. questioning the way animals are protectedD. discussing the advantages of natural habitats5. Although he argues against zoos, the author would still agree that _______.A. zoos have to keep animals in ... all cagesB. most animals in zoos are endangered speciesC. some endangered animals are reproduced in zoosD. it’s acceptable to keep animals away from their habitats 英语四级考试强化阅读训练题答案1. B2. B3. A4. A5. C英语四级考试强化阅读训练题***二***There are three kinds of goals: short-term,medium-range and long-term goals. Short-range goals are those that usually deal with current activities,which we can apply on a daily basis.Such goals can be achieved in a week or less,or two weeks,or possible months.It should be remembered that just as a building is no stronger than its foundation ,out long-term goals cannot amount to very munch without the achievement of solid short-term goals.Upon pleting our short-term goals,we should date the occasion and then add new short-term goals that will build on those that have been pleted.The intermediate goals bukld on the foundation of the short-range goals.They might deal with just one term of school or the entire school year,or they could even extend for several years.Any time you move a step at a time,you should never allow yourself to bee discouraged or overwhelmed. As you plete each step,you will enforce the belief in your ability to grow adn succeed.And as your list of pletion dates grow,your motivation and desire will increase.Long-range goals may be related to our dreams of the future. They might cover five years or more. Life is not a static thing.We should never allow a long-term goal to limit us or our course of action.1.Our long-term goals mean a lot______.A.if we plete our short-range goalsB.if we cannot reach solid short-term goalsC.if we write down the datesD.if we put forward some plans2.New short-term goals are bulid upon______.Ao years B.long-term goalsC.current activitiesD.the goals that have been pleted3.When we plete each step of our goals ,______.A.we will win final successB.we are overwhelmedC.we should build up confidence of successD.we should strong desire for setting new goals4.Once our goals are drawn up,_______.A.we should stick to them until we plete themB.we may change our goals as we have new ideas and opportunitiesC.we had better wait for the exciting news of successD.we have made great decision5.It is implied but not stated in the passage that ______.A.those who habe long-term goals will succeedB.writing down the dates may discourage youC.the goal is only a guide for us to reach our desinationD.every should have a goal英语四级考试强化阅读训练题答案adcbc。

大学英语四级（阅读）练习试卷9(题后含答案及解析) 题型有： 4. Reading Comprehension (Reading in Depth)Part IV Reading Comprehension (Reading in Depth) (25 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, there is a short passage with 5 questions or incomplete statements. Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words.Would-be language teachers everywhere have one thing in common: they all want some recognition of their professional status and skills, and a job. The former requirements is obviously important on a personal level, but it is vital if you are to have any chance of finding work. Ten years ago, the situation was very different. In virtually every developing country, and in many developed countries as well, being a native English speaker was enough to get you employed as an English teacher. Now employers will only look at teachers who have the knowledge, the skills and attitudes to teach English effectively. The result of this has been to raise non-native English teachers to the same status as their native counterparts(相对应的人)--some- thing they have always deserved but seldom enjoyed. Non-natives are now happy-- linguistic discrimination(语言上的歧视) is a thing of the past. As ongoing research project, funded by the University of Cambridge, asked a sample of teachers, teacher educators and employers in more than 40 countries whether they regard the native/non-native speakers distinction as being at all important. “NO” was the answer. As long as candidates could teach and had the required level of English, it didn’t matter who they were and where they came from. Thus, a new form of discrimination--this time justified because it singled out the unqualified--liberated the lingusitically oppressed(受压迫的). But the Cambridge project did more than just that: it confirmed that the needs of native and non-native teachers are extremely similar.1．The selection of English teacher used to be mainly based on正确答案：whether or not one was a native speaker 涉及知识点：阅读2．What did non-native English teachers deserve but seldom enjoy?正确答案：The same situation as their native counterparts. 涉及知识点：阅读3．What kind of people can now find a job as an English teacher?正确答案：Ones who can teach and have the required English level. 涉及知识点：阅读4．What is the result of the “new form of discrimination”( Line 5, para. 4 )?正确答案：Non-native English teachers have been liberated. / It singled out the unqualified. 涉及知识点：阅读5．The phrase “the lingusitically oppressed”(Line 7, Para. 4) refers to those who were ____________.正确答案：qualified non-native English teachers 涉及知识点：阅读For many women choosing whether to work or not to work outside their home is a luxury: they must work to survive. Others face a hard decision. Perhaps the easiest choice has to do with economists. One husband said, “Marge and I decided after careful consideration that for her to go back to work at this moment was an extravagance(奢侈) we couldn’t afford,” With two preschool children, it soon became clear in their figuring that with babysitters(临时照看小孩的人), transportation, and increased taxes, rather than having more money, they might actually end up with less. Economic factors are usually the first to be considered, but they are not the most important. The most important aspects of the decision have to do with the emotional needs of each member of the family. It is in this area that husbands and wives find themselves having to face many confusing and conflicting feelings. There are many women who find that homemaking is boring or who feel imprisoned(被禁) if they have to stay home with a young child or several children. On the other hand, there are women who think that homemaking gives them the deepest satisfaction. From my own experiences, I would like to suggest that sometimes the decision to go hack is made in too much haste. There are few decisions that I now regret more. I wasn’t mature enough to see how much I could have gained at home. I regret my impatience to get on with my career. I wish I had allowed myself the luxury of watching the world through my little girl’s eyes.6．Which word in the first two paragraphs best explains why many women have to work?正确答案：Economics. 涉及知识点：阅读7．Why did Marge and her husband think it an extravagance for Marge to go back to work?正确答案：Because the increased cost will be more than Marge’s income. 涉及知识点：阅读8．What are the two major considerations in deciding whether women should go out to work?正确答案：Economic factors and emotional needs. 涉及知识点：阅读9．Some women would rather do housework and take care of their children than pursue their career because they feel __________________.正确答案：that homemaking gives them the deepest satisfaction 涉及知识点：阅读10．If given a second chance, the writer would probably choose to ___________________.正确答案：stay home 涉及知识点：阅读。

大学英语四级阅读冲刺练习及答案(9)导读：本文大学英语四级阅读冲刺练习及答案(9)，仅供参考，如果觉得很不错，欢迎点评和分享。

The men who race the cars are generally small, with a tight, nervous look. They range from the early 20s to the middle 40s, and it is usually their nerves that go first.Fear is the driver's constant companion, and tragedy can be just a step behind. Scarcely a man in the 500 does not carry the scars of ancient crashes. The mark of the plastic surgeon is everywhere, and burned skin is common. Sometimes a driver's scars are invisible, part of his heritage. Two young drivers, Billy Vukovich and Gary Bettenhausen, raced in their first 500 in 1968. Less than 20 years before, their fathers also competed against one another on the Indy track—and died there.All this the drivers accept. Over the years, they have learned to trust their own techniques, reflexes, and courage. They depend, too, on a trusted servant—scientific engineering. Though they may not have had a great deal of schooling (an exception is New Zealand's Bruce McLaren, who has an engineering degree), many drivers are gifted mechanics, with a feeling for their engines that amount to kinship.A few top drivers have become extremely wealthy, with six-figure incomes from prize money, endorsements, and jobs with auto-product manufacturers. Some have businesses of their own. McLaren designs racing chassis (底盘). Dan Gurney's California factory manufactured the chassis of three of the first four ears in the 1968 Indy 500, including his own second place car.Yet money is not the only reason why men race cars. Perhaps it isn't even themajor reason. Three-time Indy winner(1961, 1964, 1967) A. J. Foyt, for example, can frequently be found competing on dirty tracks in minor-league races, where money, crowds and safety features are limited, and only the danger is not. Why does he do it? Sometimes Foyt answers, "It's in my blood. " Other times he says, "It's good practice. " Now and then he replies, "Don't ask dumb questions. "26. The statement "it is usually their nerves that go first" means_______.A. at first they all have a nervous lookB. they often find they can't bear the tension even if they are in good conditionC. someday they find they can't make responses to any riskD. they can continue their career at most until the middle 40s27. It can be inferred that a car accident is often coupled with_______.A. a plastic surgeonB. a companionC. a riskD. a fire28. The invisible scars of the drivers mentioned in the second paragraph refers to_______.A. the regrets left by their fathersB. the fears left by their fathersC. the cars left by their fathersD. the heritage left by their fathers29. Bruce McLaren is different from most of the drivers in that_______.A. he himself designs chassisB. he has an engineering degreeC. he manufactures chassisD. he is a gifted mechanic30. A. J. Foyt often takes part in minor-league races for_______.A. prize moneyB. blood testC. cheers from the crowdD. enjoyment答案26. B 27. D 28. A 29. B 30. D。

最牛英语口语培训模式：躺在家里练口语，全程外教一对一，三个月畅谈无阻！洛基英语，免费体验全部在线一对一课程：/ielts/xd.html（报名网址）As she walked round the huge department store,Edith reflected how difficult it was to choose a suitable Christmas present for her father.She wish that he was as easy to please as her mother, who was always delighted with perfumeBesides,shoppong at this time of the year was a most disgreeable experience :people trod on your toes,poked you with their elbows and almost knocked you overin their haste to get to a bargain ahead of you.Partly to have a rest, Edith paused in front of a counter where some attracive ties were on display. "They are real silk," the assistant assured her, trying to tempt her. "Worth double the price." But edit knew from past experience that her choice of ties hardly ever pleased her father.She moved on reluctantly and then quite by chance, stopped where a small crowd of man had gathered round a counter. She found some good quality pipes on sale-----and the prices were very reasonable. Edith did not hesitate for long : although her father only smoked a pipe occasionally, she knew that this was a present which was bund to please him.When she got home,with her small well-chosen present concealed in her handbag, her parents were already at the supper table. Her mother was in an especially cheerful mood, "Your father has at last to decided to stop smoking." She informed her daughter.1.Edith's father _______.a.did not like presentb.never got presentc.preferred tiesd.was difficult to choose a present for2.The assistant spoke to Edith because she seemed_______.a.attractiveb.interested in tiesc.tiredd.in need of comfort3.Edith stopped at the next counter_________.a.puroselyb.suddenlyc.unwillinglyd.accidentally4.Edith's father smoked a pipe_______.a.when he was obligedb.on social occasionsc.from time to timed.when he was delighted5.Shopping was very disagreeable at that time of the year because_______.a.coustomers trod on each other's toesb.coustomers poked each other with their elbowsc.customers knocked each otherd.customers were doing their shopping in a great hurry答案：dbdcd“成千上万人疯狂下载。

大学英语四级（阅读）模拟试卷9(题后含答案及解析) 题型有： 4. Reading Comprehension (Reading in Depth)Part IV Reading Comprehension (Reading in Depth) (25 minutes)Section BDirections: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice.Real policemen hardly recognize any resemblance between their lives and what they see on TV—if they ever get home in time. There are similarities, of course, but the cops don’t think much of them. The first difference is that a policeman’s real life revolves round the law. Most of his training is in criminal law. He has to know exactly what actions are crimes and what evidence can be used to prove them in court. He has to know nearly as much law as a professional lawyer, and what is more, he has to apply it on his feet, in the dark and rain, running down an alley after someone he wants to talk to. Little of his time is spent in chatting to scantily-clad (衣着暴露的) ladies or in dramatic confrontations with desperate criminals. He will spend most of his working life typing millions of words on thousands of forms about hundreds of sad, unimportant people who are guilty—or not—of stupid, petty crimes. Most television crime drama is about finding the criminals: as soon as he’s arrested, the story is over. In real life, finding criminals is seldom much of a problem. Except in very serious cases like murders and terrorist attack—where failure to produce results reflects on the standing of the police—little effort is spent on searching. Having made an arrest, a detective really starts to work. He has to prove his case in court and to do that he often has to gather a lot of different evidence. So, as well as being overworked, a detective has to be out at all hours of the day and night interviewing his witnesses and persuading them, usually against their own best interests, to help him.1．The first sentence implies that______.A．the life of the real policemen and that of the policemen on TV are entirely differentB．the real policemen will find the similarities if they can get home in timeC．the real policemen seldom can get home in time to watch TVD．the policemen shown on TV can always get home in time正确答案：C解析：推理判断题。

2010四级英语四级考试阅读练习(带答案)Accreditation is a system for setting national standards of quality in education. The United States is unique in the would because its accreditation system is not administered by the government , but rather by committees of educators and private agencies, like the Middle States Association of Colleges and Secondary Schools and the Society of Engineers.Before registering to study in any educational institution in the U.S.,a student should make certain that the institution is accredited in order to assure that the school has a recoginized standard of organization,instruction,and financial support. Foreign students should be particularly careful to check an institution's accreditation because other governments or future employers may not recognize a degree earned from a school that has not recevied accreditation.If a college is accredited,catalogues and brochures will usually indicate the accreditation status. If you are not sure about a certain school,don't hesitate to check its requtation with an education officer at the nearest U.S. embassy1.The word 'unique' in line 2 most nearly means_______a.unusualb.firstc.standardrge2.What school students do in order to check the accreditation of a school that may interest them?a.Write to the schoolb.Write to the U.S.Ministry of Educationc.Register to study at the schoold.Consult a U.S. embassy office3.From this passage, it may be concluded that an unaccreditedschool____.a.does not coffer degreeb.may close because of financial disorganizationc.is administered by the governmentd.is better than an accredited school4.The title that best expresses the ideas in this passage is _____.a.studying in the untied statesb.accreditationc.how to find the best schoold.the middle states association of colleges and secondary schools参考答案：adbb。

公共英语四级阅读理解专项强化真题试卷10(题后含答案及解析) 题型有：1.It’s almost an article of faith: your best ally in the fight against cancer is a doggedly optimistic outlook. And it would seem that mounting evidence of the links between emotional and physical well-being would support that view. The only problem is that there is no good evidence to support that belief when it comes to cancer. Moreover, the “tyranny”of positive thinking often becomes just one more burden for the sick. It was research in the 1970s and ‘80s that first popularized the idea that attitude might affect cancer outcomes. Such research led doctors to encourage patients to think happy thoughts and visualize their immune system blasting away cancer cells. But most of those studies have been dismissed as either flawed or inconclusive. A review of 37 studies that was published in the British Medical Journal in 2002 found that although a positive outlook does correlate with the perception of less pain by patients—a real benefit-there is “ little consistent evidence that coping styles play an important part in survival from or recurrence of cancer. “Still, the optimism theory remains attractive. One reason is that Americans live in a culture that desires control. We want to believe that we can beat cancer by imposing our will on the disease. A better reason is that mental states like depression and chronic anxiety have been shown to have physical consequences that affect the progression of such illnesses as heart disease and diabetes. While a similar connection is biologically plausible for cancer, it is far from proven. Even researchers who believe that studies will ultimately establish links between stress and the progression of cancer, like Stanford’s Dr. David Spiegel, know the picture is complex. “It isn’t a matter of ‘ Fix it in your mind, and you fix it in your body, ‘“ he says, “ but it would be strange if what goes on in our minds didn’t affect how our bodies deal with illness. “So where does that leave cancer patients? Doctors know that individuals will always bring then-own disposition—sunny, sour or sarcastic—to bear on their illness and treatment. Pressuring them to be models of positive thinking is useless. Worse, it could cause them to hide their fears and reject support. But clinicians must remain alert for signs of depression, which can affect the outcome of any disease if it interferes with treatment. And many patients will also need—and welcome—help to improve poor coping skills. Spiegel says, “Having worked with people with life-threatening illnesses for 30 years, it’s clear that there are better and worse ways to deal with these things. “ False optimism isn’t helpful, but neither is despair.1．By saying “the ‘tyranny’of positive thinking”(Line 5, Paragraph 1), the author probably meansA．people cannot but think optimistically.B．it is unfair to force people to think positively.C．people are advised to assume an optimistic outlook in life.D．it is positive thinking that prevails.正确答案：B解析：句意：“the‘tyranny’of positive thinking”(第一段第五行)大概表示什么意思?tyranny意为“暴君”，含有专制、强迫的意味。

2010 年英语专业四级阅读理解Text AWhat is the nature of the scientifi c attitude, the attitude of the man or woman who studies and applies physics, chemistry, geology, engineering, medical or any other science? We all know that science plays an important role in the societies in which we live. Many people believe, however, that our progress depends on two different aspects of science. The fi rst of these is the application of the machines and products that scientists and technologists develop. New drugs, faster and safer means of transport, new systems of applied knowledge are some examples of this aspect of science.The second aspect is the application of the special methods of thought and action that scientists use in their work. What are these special methods of thinking and acting? First of all, it seems that a successful scientist is full of curiosity — he wants to fi nd out how and why the universe works. He usually directs his attention towards problems which he notices have no satisfactory explanation, and his curiosity makes him look for underlying relationships even if the data available seem to be unconnected. Moreover, he thinks he can improve the existing conditions, whether of pure or applied knowledge, and enjoys trying to solve the problems which this involves.He is a good observer, accurate, patient and objective and applies persistent and logical thought to the observations he makes. He utilizes the facts he observes to the full extent. For example, trained observers obtain a very large amount of information about a star mainly from the accurate analysis of the simple lines that appear in a spectrum.He is skeptical —he does not accept statements which are not based on the most complete evidence available — and therefore rejects authority as the sole basis for truth. Furthermore, he is not only critical of the work of others, but also of his own. Since he knows that man is the least reliable of scientifi c instruments and that a number of factors tend to disturb objective investigation.Lastly, he is highly imaginative since he often has to look for relationships in data, which are not only complex but also frequently incomplete. Furthermore, he needs imagination if he wants to make hypotheses of how processes work and how events take place.These seem to be some of the ways in which a successful scientist or technologist thinks and acts.81. Many people believe that science helps society to progress through .A. applied knowledgeB. more than one aspectC. technology onlyD. the use of machines82. Which of the following statements is INCORRECT about curiosity?A. It gives the scientist confi dence and pleasure in work.B. It gives rise to interest in problem that are unexplained.C. It leads to efforts to investigate potential connections.D. It encourages the scientists to look for new ways of acting.83. According to the passage, a successful scientist would not .A. easily believe in unchecked statementsB. easily criticize others’ research workC. always use his imagination in workD. always use evidence from observation84. What does the passage mainly discuss?A. Application of technology.B. Progress in modern society.C. Scientists’ way of thinking and acting.D. How to become a successful scientist.85. What is the author’s attitude tow ards the topic?A. Critical.B. Objective.C. Biased.D. Unclear.Text BOver the past several decades, the U.S., Canada, and Europe have received a great deal of media and even research attention over unusual phenomena and unsolved mysteries. These include UFOs as well as sightings and encounters with “nonhuman creatures” such as Bigfoot and the Loch Ness monster. Only recently has Latin America begun to receive some attention as well. Although the mysteries of the Aztec, Mayan, and Inca civilizations have been known for centuries, now the public is also becoming aware of unusual, paranormal phenomena in countries such as Peru. The Nazca “lines” of Peru were discovered in the 1930s. These lines are deeply carved into a flat, stony plain, and form about 300 intricate pictures of animals such as birds, a monkey, and a lizard. Seen at ground level, the designs are a jumbled senseless mess. The images are so large that they can only be viewed at a height of 1,000 feet —meaning from an aircraft. Yet there were no aircraft in 300 B.C., when it is judged the designs were made. Nor were there then, or are there now, any nearby mountain ranges from which to view them. So how and why did the native people of Nazca create these marvelous designs? One answer appeared in 1969, when the German researcher and writer Erich von Daniken proposed that the lines were drawn by extraterrestrials as runways for their aircraft. The scientifi c community did not take long to scoff at and abandon von Daniken’s theory. Over the years s everal other theories have been put forth, but none has been accepted by the scientifi c community.Today there is a new and heightened interest in the Nazca lines. It is a direct result of the creation of the Internet. Currently there are over 60 sites dedicated to this mystery from Latin America’s past, and even respected scientists have joined the discussion through e-mail and chat rooms.Will the Internet help explain these unsolved mysteries? Perhaps it is a step in the right direction.86. Which of the following statements is INCORRECT?A. Latin America has long received attention for unusual phenomena.B. Public attention is now directed towards countries like Peru.C. Public interest usually focuses on North America and Europe.D. Some ancient civilizations have unsolved mysteries.87. According to the passage, the Nazca lines were found .A. in mountainsB. in stonesC. on animalsD. on a plain88. We can infer from the passage that the higher the lines are seen, the the images they present.A. smallerB. largerC. clearerD. brighter89. There has been increasing interest in the Nazca lines mainly because of ______.A. the participation of scientistsB. the emergence of the InternetC. the birth of new theoriesD. the interest in the Internet90. The author is about the role of the Internet in solving mysteries.A. cautiousB. pessimisticC. uncertainD. optimisticText CGraduation speeches are a bit like wedding toasts. A few are memorable. The rest tend to trigger such thoughts as, “Why did I wear such uncomfortable shoes?”But graduation speeches are less about the message than the messenger. Every year a few colleges and universities in the US attract attention because they’ve managed to book high-profile speakers. And, every year, the media repor t some of these speakers’ wise remarks.Last month, the following words of wisdom were spread:“You really haven’t completed the circle of success unless you can help somebody else move forward.” (Oprah Winfrey, Duke University).“There is no way to stop c hange; change will come. Go out and give us a future worthy of the world we all wish to create together.” (Hillary Clinton, New York University).“This really is your moment. History is yours to bend.” (Joe Biden, Wake Forest University). Of course, the re al “get” of the graduation season was first lady Michelle Obama’s appearance at the University of California, Merced. “Remember that you are blessed,” she told the class of 2009, “Remember that in exchange for those blessings, you must give somethingback... As advocate and activist Marian Wright Edelman says, ’Service is the rent we pay for living ... it is the true measure, the only measure of success’.”Calls to service have a long, rich tradition in these speeches. However, it is possible for a graduation speech to go beyond cliche and say something truly compelling. The late writer David Foster Wallace’s 2005 graduation speech at Kenyon College in Ohio talked about how to truly care about other people. It gained something of a cult after it was widely circulated on the Internet. Apple Computer CEO Steve Jobs’ address at Stanford University that year, in which he talked about death, is also considered one of the best in recent memory.But when you’re sitting in the hot sun, fi dgety and freaked out, do yo u really want to be lectured about the big stuff ? Isn’t that like trying to maintain a smile at your wedding reception while some relative gives a toast that amounts to “marriage is hard work”? You know he’s right; you just don’t want to think about it at that particular moment. In fact, as is the case in many major life moments, you can’t really manage to think beyond the blisters your new shoes are causing. That may seem anticlimactic. But it also gets to the heart of one of life’s greatest, saddest truths: that our most “memorable” occasions may elicit the fewest memories. It’s probably not something most graduation speakers would say, but it’s one of the fi rst lessons of growing up.91. According to the passage, most graduation speeches tend to recall ______ memories.A. greatB. trivialC. unforgettableD. unimaginative92. “But graduation speeches are less about the message than the messenger” is explained ______.A. in the fi nal paragraph.B. in the last but one paragraph.C. in the fi rst paragraph.D. in the same paragraph.93. The graduation speeches mentioned in the passage are related to the following themes EXCEPT ______.A. death.B. success.C. service.D. generosity.94. It is implied in the passage that at great moments people fail to ______.A. remain clear-headed.B. keep good manners.C. remember others’ words.D. recollect specifi c details.95. What is “one of the first lessons of growing up”?A. Attending a graduation ceremony.B. Listening to graduation speeches.C. Forgetting details of memorable events.D. Meeting high-profile graduation speakers.Text DCultural rules determine every aspect of food consumption. Who eats together defi nes social units. For example, in some societies, the nuclear family is the unit that regularly eats together.The anthropologist Mary Douglas has pointed out that, for the English, the kind of meal and the kind of food that is served relate to the kinds of social links between people who are eating together. She distinguishes between regular meals, Sunday meals when relatives may come, and cocktail parties for acquaintances. The food served symbolizes the occasion and reflects who is present. For example, only snacks are served at a cocktail party. It would be inappropriate to serve a steak or hamburgers. The distinctions among cocktails, regular meals, and special dinners mark the social boundaries between those guests who are invited for drinks, those who are invited to dinner, and those who come to a family meal. In this example, the type of food symbolizes the category of guest and with whom it is eaten.In some New Guinea societies, the nuclear family is not the unit that eats together. The men take their meals in a men’s house, separately from their wives and children. Women prepare and eat their food in their own houses and take the husband’s portion to the men’s house. The women eat with their children in their own houses. This pattern is also widespread among Near Eastern societies.Eating is a metaphor that is sometimes used to signify marriage. In many New Guinea societies, like that of the Lesu on the island of New Ireland in the Pacific and that of the Trobriand Islanders, marriage is symbolized by the couple’s eating together for the first time.Eating symbolizes their new status as a married couple. In U.S. society, it is just the reverse.A couple may go out to dinner on a first date.Other cultural rules have to do with taboos against eating certain things. In some societies, members of a clan, a type of kin (family) group, are not allowed to eat the animal or bird that is their totemic ancestor. Since they believe themselves to be descended from that ancestor, it would be like eating that ancestor or eating themselves.There is also an association between food prohibitions and rank, which is found in its most extreme form in the caste system of India. A caste system consists of ranked groups, each with a different economic specialization. In India, there is an association between caste and the idea of pollution. Members of highly ranked groups can be polluted by coming into contact with the bodily secretions, particularly saliva, of individuals of lower-ranked castes. Because of the fear of pollution, Brahmans and other high-ranked individuals will not share food with, not eat from the same plate as, not even accept food from an individual from a low-ranking caste.96. According to the passage, the English make clear distinctions between ______.A. people who eat together.B. the kinds of food served.C. snacks and hamburgers.D. family members and guests.97. According to the passage, who will NOT eat together?A. The English.B. Americans on their fi rst date.C. Men and women in Near Eastern societies.D. Newly-weds on the island of New Ireland.98. According to the passage, eating together indicates all the following EXCEPT ______.A. the type of food.B. social relations.C. marital status.D. family ties.99. The last paragraph suggests that in India ______ decides how people eat.A. pollutionB. foodC. cultureD. social status100. Which of the following can best serve as the topic of the passage?A. Different kinds of food in the world.B. Relations between food and social units.C. Symbolic meanings of food consumption.D. Culture and manners of eating.答案与解析：81. B。