【徐州朗阁雅思培训】2014年徐州新托福写作语言技能：造句

出国留学考雅思、新托福、备考大学四六级，就来徐州朗阁雅思写作语法禁区朗阁海外考试研究中心通常在雅思考试的听、说、读、写四项中，中国考生在写作单项上分数最低，而且在全世界排名也处于较低水平，甚至低于邻国印度。

究其原因，朗阁海外考试研究中心的专家分析认为以下几点因素不容忽视。

一、眼高手低，疏于练习写作相对听、说和读来说比较耗时伤神；部分考生拿到作文题，不知该如何下笔，全无思路；写作比较主观，“烤鸭们”经过一两次的练习后，不像听力和阅读一样知道自己的错误所在，感觉看不到明显的进步和提升，失去写作动力和激情等等。

这些因素导致注定他们大部分不能成为多产的“烤鸭”，甚至有些考生在上战场前，一篇作文都未曾练习过。

试问，像这种情况考生如何能拿高分？针对这种情况，给大家的建议是：考生作文想考6-6.5分，首先大小作文至少各练习10-15篇，其次，一定要有专业老师的修改和feedback,否则，即使写了千百篇也是徒劳无功，至多也只是锻炼到了写作速度，除此之外，考生也一定要总结和改正之前作文的不良之处，这样才能得到真正意义上的进步，否则，前两步也只会是meaningless。

二、语法输出功底较差中国学生的语法本应该是不错的，从初中到大学，我们的课堂上不断地学习语法知识，英语测试中都有大量的语法选择题。

但是有趣的是，一到雅思写作就完全不行了。

这说明了一个问题，其实中国学生的语法不差，知识不会运用在写作上，缺乏主动输出的能力。

同时，汉语和英语的确有很多不同。

比如说，I am of the former for the following reasons.而不能说because of the following reasons.或者也可以说I am of the former for the following factors.所以汉语说“我支持前者因为以下原因”翻译成英语时应按照英文表达习惯，否则按照汉语惯性思维容易写出英语错句。

解析托福独立口语任务中地点类话题朗阁海外考试研究中心朗阁海外考试研究中心的专家分析发现，在托福口语独立任务的地点类话题当中，考生可能被要求描述一些比较大的地方，例如国家，城市，又或者一个你喜欢的地方，也可能被要求描述一些比较小的特色性的地方，例如学校，博物馆，饭店等。

回答这些问题套路很简单，只需要找到一个自己熟悉的，或者有一些了解的地方，并且找到两三点的特色，用自己经历的细节或者感受到的与众不同的地方加以阐释就可以了。

理由可以不必太高深，只要有真情实感就会很好说。

以下就给大家不同地点的具体sample以帮助大家整理思路、积累语言。

1.Describe your favorite place in the city and explain why you like this place.My favorite place is Zhongshan Park. It is the largest park in Qingdao. I like it for several reasons. Firstly, it is near my school so I can jog along the paths in the park and bath in the fresh air every morning. Secondly, it is quiet and beautiful with various kinds of flowers and trees. There are also some benches along the paths. It is like the perfect place to talk with friends. Finally, there is a special carnival in the park, where I can hang out with my friends and laugh, scream, and release our pressure.2.Describe a city you want to visit.The city I would like to visit the most is Beijing. It is the capital of China. I like it for several reasons. First of all, Beijing is a city full of history scenes, such as the Forbidden City, the Great Wall, and the Summer Palace. By visiting these places, I can learn more about Chinese history. Secondly, there are also many natural scenery in Beijing. It is marvelous to feast my eyes on the red maple leaves of the Xiangshan Mountain in autumn. Finally, Beijing is a modern city with so many entertainment places to enjoy myself and food street to try delicious food all over China.3.Describe a building you have visited.The most impressive building I have visited is the Oriental Pearl Tower. Itstands by the bank of the Huangpu River. The tower is more than 400 meters high. It is the highest TV Tower in Asia. The tower is the best place to get a bird’s view of Shanghai. When it is sunny, people can have a distant view of the Yangtze River and the Chongming Island. Moreover, the tower also has a variety of entertainment items such as 3D movies and hot balloons. It has already become the symbolic building in Shanghai.4.Describe the museum you often visit.I often visit Qingdao Museum on weekends with my parents. It is the biggest museum in Qingdao. It is located in the east of Qingdao, near to the Qingdao Grand Theatre. The museum has 3 exhibition halls and even more galleries which cover the most major categories of Chinese Art. People can learn much about the history of Chinese painting, coins, clothes and sculptures. It would bea great place to those people who want to know China in a short time period.5.Choose a restaurant you like and explain why you like this restaurant.Well, the restaurant I enjoy the most is a French restaurant located on a beautiful beach. I like this small restaurant because it has very charming ocean view. I mean the sky there is so blue and the beach is always full of sunshine. You know how romantic it can ever be, just relax yourself on the beach, when the sun is setting down, the ocean breeze is blowing and the seabirds are singing. I like this small French restaurant also because it offers the best seafood in the world like lobsters and tuna fishes. It’s also a great enjoyment to sit there a whole afternoon, sipping a cup of coffee and letting the time pass by.6.Describe a small shop.Recently, one of my friend recommend me a very unique shop. It is a bookshop located in a small street near Nanjing Road. From the outside，it looks like other houses near it. Inside the shop, there is an altogether world. The ceiling and the walls are painted in light blue with some white circles as decoration. There are some shelves along each side of the wall. While, in the middle of the room, there lies a big desk, and some chairs are put around it. Customers are free to read books there even if they buy nothing. The classicalmusic is played from an old gramophone. If requested, the assistant will offer you a glass of mineral water. I especially like this shop because of its peaceful environment. Besides, its good treatment to customers also attracts me a lot.7.Describe your ideal house.My ideal house is near the sea. It is a good place to exercise every morning.I can jog around the path along the golden beach which can help me keep fit. I can also enjoy the beautiful scenery out of my window. The blue sea and white waves can really calm me down. The gorgeous sunrise and sunset every day are also great scenery to enjoy and remind me to cherish the time and my life. There is also a small garden in my house, where I can plant some flowers and vegetables to enjoy the happiness of harvest.8.Describe your favorite room in your house or some other place and explain why.My bedroom is my favorite place of my home. It is about 20 square meters and painted light green. I like it for several reasons. Firstly, it is a perfect place for study. I enjoyed reading and doing assignments in my room for it is quiet and bright. Moreover, I can relax myself in my room by listening to some music, surfing the internet, or watching movies. My parents seldom interrupt me when I stay in my room alone. They respect my privacy and give me enough freedom to do the things l like. I also posted many pictures of my idols on the wall in my room. They represented the dreams I had and motivated me a lot.9.Describe your school and campus and explain what impression it gives you.I attended Qingdao University for four years. I am very proud of my university. First of all, professors in Qingdao University are very knowledgeable and stimulating. A two-hour class seems to pass very quickly. Moreover, it has beautiful scenery. There are several gardens and small squares on campus, with various flowers, trees and grass planted and comfortable benches for students to relax. It also has good exercise facilities, like the tennis court, the swimming pool, and the large playground. I used to jog around the playground in themorning to relax myself and to keep fit.10.Describe a country that you would like to visit in the future and explain why.I would like to visit Switzerland for the following reasons. First of all, I am addicted to beautiful scenery in Switzerland. Can you imagine how marvelous it is to feast my eyes on the snow mountain and the tranquil lake? Moreover, I’m a big fan of languages and German, French and Italian constitute the three official languages of Switzerland. Last but not least, I am crazy about Swiss culture. I am always wondering how this country is able to tolerate such a cultural diversity. So, if I had chance, I would definitely go to Switzerland and enjoy the scenery and culture there.11.Where would you like to study in the United States? Explain why you like this place with details and examples.Of course, if I were lucky enough, I’d like to study in one of the most excellent universities in America. Yale is my dream university. I will learn most advanced knowledge and enjoy the best academic atmosphere there. I first learnt about Yale when I was in primary school. I read a book about the first class universities in America and I was attracted by the great old university. I also learned more about Yale from Internet and found that except for the first class academic level, students also enjoy colorful campus activities there.。

如何看懂托福阅读长难句（上篇）朗阁海外考试研究中心徐露露朗阁海外考试研究中心的专家认为，在面对长难句时，考生一定不能“只见树木（单词），不见森林（结构）”，句子主干部分永远比修饰部分要重要。

下面就来谈一谈托福阅读真题当中的长难句结构类型。

一、定语从句首先，定语从句应该是托福阅读最喜欢考察的结构，一般可以将其分为两种：单层定语从句结构和多层定语从句结构。

1. 单层定语从句结构：指整个句中包含一个或两个并列关系的定语从句。

例：包含一个定语从句的情况In the late 1700s James Watt designed an efficient and commercially viable steam engine that was soon applied to a variety of industrial uses as it became cheaper to use. (TPO 26 Energy and the Industrial Revolution)解析：该句是that引导的定语从句固定搭配：(be) applied to应用于a variety of很多…...词汇：viable=practicable=feasible=practical=possible (adj.)切实可行的variety=category=group=lot (n.) 种类翻译：十七世纪末，James Watt设计了一种高效并且可商用的蒸汽机，随着其价格降低，很快被应用于各种工业。

例：包含两个并列定语从句的情况Without predators, the species that is the best competitor for food, shelter, nesting sites, and other environmental resources tends to dominate andexclude the species with which it competes. (TPO 27 Predator-Prey Cycles)解析：该句含有两个并列的定语从句，分别由that和which来引导。

出国留学考雅思、新托福、备考大学四六级，就来徐州朗阁 新托福独立写作行文结构采分点朗阁海外考试研究中心新托福独立写作的采分点有很多，参照OG我们会有如下几点总结：文章切题（addresses the topic），逻辑衔接（unity, progression, and coherence），语言错误较少（appropriate word choice and minor errors），论证充分（explanations, exemplifications and details），结构清楚（well organized & well developed）。

如果说前面几项要求比较偏重于考生的英语基本功的考察，那么今天我们来分析一下最后一项，也是比较容易把分数收入囊中的一个得分点：行文结构。

本文中，朗阁海外考试研究中心的专家将向考生们分享如何通过对于新托福独立写作题目的解读来决定自己的行文结构。

通过对过去一年新托福独立写作题目的分析，不难发现题目中的主流题型仍然是Do you agree or disagree with the following statement, 其中又细化为“一般称述”、“含有绝对词”和“比较级”三类，以下各举一例供大家参考。

第一类例如2014年3月22日Young school children should be required to study art and music in addition to math language science and history. 第二类例如2014年4月19日For any business to be successful, it must spend a lot of money on advertising. 第三类例如2014年3月16日It is easier to be well-educated today than it is in the past.以上这三类出题方式从本质上来说仍然是辩证分析类题目，所以行文结构可以采取“一边倒”或者“让步式”的写法。

出国留学考雅思、新托福、备考大学四六级，就来徐州朗阁 通往雅思写作高分的天堑朗阁海外考试研究中心雅思写作得分往往是考生们听说读写四门中最低的，这主要是因为写作考的是考生的综合能力。

综合能力的提高是获取雅思高分的关键，下面朗阁海外考试研究中心的老师将总结一些中国考生在写作综合能力方面的薄弱环节，以期让考生们克服这些弱项，取得写作高分。

一、心态从雅思考试四部分来看，考生一般认为阅读和听力具备大量的解题技巧，只要将这些解题技巧掌握了，提高就会很快，所以将得分的关键压在了听力和阅读上面，这导致各门科目备考时间分配不平均。

除此之外，很多考生认为口语也有一系列的应付方法和考场对策，对之抱有很大的复习以及练习的热情。

相比之下，中国考生在写作这一块花的时间以及精力就惨不忍睹了，很多考生不愿意甚至是惧怕去写雅思作文，到头来写作总共就没练过几次，以至于找不到写作文的节奏和感觉。

到了考场上，必然会因为发挥不出真实的写作水平导致分数不理想。

二、思维的固化有学者曾经提出过文化思维对话语模式的影响，认为西方人的思维是直线型，而东方人的思维是螺旋型的。

西方人写文章的时候直接表达必定优于间接表达，并且说话人的立场保持一致，不会用无关的信息掩盖真实的观点。

因此英语写作一般以直线展开，通常包含四个部分：引出、主题、支撑、结论。

反之，中国人是螺旋式思维，写文章的时候，把思想发散出去了还要收回来，让它落在原来的起点上。

这样的圆型思维导致了汉语表达的螺旋式结构，即以反复而又发展的螺旋形式对一种问题加以展开，尽量避免直接切入主题，喜欢用描述性语言进行迂回说明。

这样的写作出国留学考雅思、新托福、备考大学四六级，就来徐州朗阁 方式是不符合雅思写作要求的。

很多考生的大作文开头都会出现非常“经典”的表达：with the development of science and technology…, 这纯粹属于没话找话说的类型，是考官们痛恨的模板。

如何看懂托福阅读长难句（下篇）朗阁海外考试研究中心徐露露三、状语从句就难度而言，状语从句相对比较简单，因为该类型从句和主句各自都有完整的主谓宾结构，只要看到连接状语从句的连词考生就能分得清主句与从句。

状语从句总共可以分为八类：时间状语从句；地点状语从句；让步状语从句；条件状语从句；原因状语从句；结果状语从句；目的状语从句；比较状语从句。

大体上可以将状语从句与主句的关系分为两大类：并列或平行关系& 让步转折关系。

1. 并列与平行关系包括：条件/ 原因/ 结果/ 时间几大类状语从句例子：Scientists have no direct evidence for recent or ongoing eruptions, but if these volcanoes were active as recently as 100 million years ago (an estimate of the time of last eruption based on the extent of impact catering on their slopes), some of them may still be at least intermittently active. (TPO25 The surface of Mars)解析：该句含有一个由if引导的条件状语从句。

固定搭配：be based on…以…为依据at least 至少词汇：evidence = proof n. 证据estimate = reckon n. 估计；估算intermittently = discontinuously adv. 间断地翻译：科学家们没有直接证据显示这些火山近期是否喷发过，或是否正处于喷发阶段，但是如果这些火山近期的活跃状态一如一千万年前那般（这一最近的爆发期是根据火山斜坡上陨石坑的范围估算出来的），它们当中的几个也许至少仍然会保持间歇性的活跃。

浅析托福口语任务物品类话题应对方法朗阁海外考试研究中心朗阁海外考试研究中心的专家分析发现，在独立口语中，任务物品类话题题目大致可以分成两类——具体事物类和抽象事物类。

具体事物可以是一件礼物、一本书、一幅画或者一件衣服；抽象事物则可能是一种艺术形式，你给年轻人的一条建议，让你开心或难过的一条新闻或者你的一项小成就等等。

那么针对这一类题目，考生该如何应对呢？一、具体事物类具体的物品在brainstorm的时候是比较容易想到的，因为都是身边实实在在存在的东西，所以不可能在几秒的思考之后毫无头绪，不知道说什么。

稍微难一点的地方在于，很多东西同学们不知道如何去描述。

比如说一件衣服，它的材质、花纹、设计等专业用词容易难倒一部分人，描述一件艺术作品的时候一些太专业的东西也不太好说，但是我们完全可以有意识地去避免这些不熟悉的东西，转而说一些自己熟悉的，例如得到或者见到这些东西的过程或故事，自己看到这些东西的感受，具体形态只需要从自己熟悉的颜色、大小方面去说就足够了。

以下是我们经常见到的具体事物类的题目：Describe the most important gift you have received. Why is it the most important gift? Include details to support your explanation.Describe a book that you think is interesting. Explain why this book is interesting to you. Include details and examples in your explanation.Describe a memorable painting or photo you have seen before. Explain why you like it or dislike it. Include reasons and details to support your response.A foreign friend is going to have a meal in your home. What kind of food would you like to prepare for this foreign friend? Why? Use specific reasons and details to support your choice.Describe your favorite means of transportation. It could be bicycle, automobile or train. Explain why you enjoy it most. Include details and examples to support your response.Describe your favorite style of clothing. Include reasons and details in your response.关于“Describe your favorite style of clothing.”这个题目，我们可以这么回答：All girls like fancy clothes and there is a saying that “there is always room for new clothes in a girl’s closet”. I’m no exception. However, the plain-looking casual style is my favorite when choosing my clothes. I love T-shirts a lot because they are comfortable and all-match. When I’m confused which piece of clothes match my shoes or bag, a white T-shirt will always be the right answer. Also, I’m a girl who likes sports. So T-shirts and jeans seem durable and cool when I go hiking with my friends or dance in the square.关于“Describe a memorable painting or photo you have seen before.”我们可以这么回答：I can’t forget the photograph hung on the wall of my grandparents’ house. It’s our family photo. It was taken in my grandfather’s birthday ten years ago. No member of our family was missed in this photo, so it is very valuable for us. Everyone in the photo smiles as if nothing is annoying in our family. The next year after the photo was taken, my aunt passed away in an accident. So the reunion captured in the photo can’t be realized again any more. Since I work in another city, I seldom see this photo after I graduated from my high school, butI still remember that photo and the happiness in my family.二、抽象事物类说到抽象事物类话题，很多同学会卡在第一关brainstorm上，但只需要记住一个原则“抽象名词具体化”——也就是把题目当中提到的任何看不到摸不着的东西落实到具体生活当中的具体事物中去。

出国留学考雅思、新托福、备考大学四六级，就来徐州朗阁 快速有效的构思雅思大作文话题在雅思写作的考场上，很多考生会出现很难想出合适的观点，觉得无话可说，极其痛苦，有时甚至“Cannot reach the word number”（达不到考试的字数要求）。

针对这种现象，朗阁海外考试研究中心的老师将从以下几个角度，和大家分享一下雅思写作的常见构思方法，希望有所帮助。

最常用的方法：根据题目中关键词列出提纲，依据提纲思考出相应的理由。

以2014年2月15日雅思写作真题为例：Some people think success of life is based on hard work and determination,but others think there are more important factors,like money and personal appearance.Discuss both views and give your own opinion.烤鸭们可以从题目中的success of life,仔细想想这样的生活包含的方面。

Success of life:a well-paid professional job and an affluent materialistic life style,makegreat contributions to society,have access to high reputation(be appreciated and valued),have happy and harmonious family,maintain optimistic mood(keep the spirit of perseverance),be healthy physically and mentally它们又与hard work and determination有什么关系呢？Hard work:a well-paid professional job and an affluent materialistic lifestyle;make great contributions to society;have access to high reputation(be appreciated and valued);出国留学考雅思、新托福、备考大学四六级，就来徐州朗阁 Determination:have happy and harmonious family;maintain optimistic mood(keep the spirit of perseverance);he healthy physically and mentally;同样的道理分析另一个观点：成功的生活还需要别的要素，诸如金钱和个人形象。

出国留学考雅思、新托福、备考大学四六级，就来徐州朗阁 托福口语考试必备的四项学术技能（下）朗阁海外考试研究中心托福口语考试是对考生阅读，听力，以及口头英语表达能力的综合检测，而不是简单的把自己心中的感想和态度表达出来，这就要求考生除了具备地道的发音，灵活的词汇和语法之外，还要具备四项学术性的技能：记笔记，改述，总结和合成。

在上篇中，朗阁海外考试研究中心的专家已经对记笔记和改述技能进行了分析，本文中我们将继续探讨总结和合成技能。

三、总结总结（summarize）能力在口语考试当中也是被广泛应用的。

独立任务中，在表达了个人观点或喜好之后，通常要用一句话来概括总结自己以上陈述的观点；在综合任务当中，第三个任务要求总结阅读部分小文章的主旨，以及说话者的观点和原因，第四个任务要求总结阅读部分的学术概念或现象，以及听力当中教授给出的例子，第五个任务要求总结说话者面对的问题以及解决方案，第六个任务要求总结教授讲座中提到的学术理论和例子试验。

所以，总结这项能力在口语的六项任务当中都是必不可少的能力。

要想做好总结，需要注意以下几点问题：1. 只包含重点信息，不重要的细节可以忽略掉。

例如OG练习一中口语Task 5中的一段听力：ManListen, I know it’s short notice . . . and maybe you’ve already made plans for spring break . . . but . . . one of my students just dropped out of the field trip to the Smithson River Caves. You’re next on the waiting list, so now there’s room for you to come alo ng.出国留学考雅思、新托福、备考大学四六级，就来徐州朗阁 WomanYou’re kidding! [disappointed] I didn’t think there was a chance . . . and . . . well, it’s a three-day trip, right? I agreed to spend next week helping Professor Clark set up the new museum exhibition. I think she’s really counting on me.通过以上的听力材料，可以用一句话总结出这位女同学的问题：The problem the student faces is a conflict between an earlier commitment to help with a museum exhibition setup and a more recent opportunity to go on a field trip led by one of her professors.以上这个总结保留了利用春假去实地考察的机会，还有女同学答应另外一个教授帮忙布置展会的重点内容，忽略了为什么会空出一个实地考察的位置的原因，以及教授的名字，并且用了一个比较复杂的复合句进行表达，体现了较高的总结水平。

朗阁雅思基础班写作句子1. The number of TV viewers soars between 8pm and 10pm.电视观众的人数在晚上8点到10点之间急剧上升。

2. The environment has been deteriorating along with the rapid development of economy.随着经济的迅猛发展，环境也在不断的恶化。

3. Overweight people suffer greatly psychologically and physically.肥胖的人身心都受到伤害。

4. The high unemployment rate destroys social stability.居高不下的失业率破坏社会稳定。

5. The uniform dress policy helps to reinforce school discipline and maintain school security.穿校服的制度有利于加强学校纪律和维护学校安全6. The overuse of fertilizers and pesticides may lead to the deterioration of the environment.过量使用肥料和杀虫剂可能导致环境的恶化.7. I can hardly subscribe to the latter opinion for the following several sound reasons.我很难认同后一种观点，理由有以下几方面。

8. Few people side with the proposal suggested by animal right activists.很少人赞成动物权益保护者提出的建议。

9. More people have attached greater importance to animal rights over the past few years.在过去的几年里，更多人重视动物权益了。