2016年6月16日朗阁雅思写作考题回顾.doc

2016年雅思写作真题——大作文160109——全球化Differences between countries are becoming less evident recently. People can see the same films, brands, fashion, advertisements and TV channels.To what extent do disadvantage outweigh advantages?160114——犯罪A recent newspaper article reports that a 14-year-old boy who seriously destroyed his school got a punishment to clean streets instead of sent to the prison.Do you think this is right? Or the young criminals should be sent to the jail?160123——媒体News media has become more influential in people’s lives. Other believe it is a negative development.To what extent do you agree or disagree?160130——政府＋交通In some countries, the government tried to reduce traffic. For instance, they imposed acongestion tax during rush hour.Do you think this development is positive or negative?160213——教育In some countries, there has been an increase in the number of parents who educate theirchildren themselves at home instead of sending them to school.Do you think the advantages of this outweigh the disadvantages?160218——动物Human activities have negative effects on plant and animal species. Some people think itis too late to do anything about this problem. Others believe that effective measures canbe taken to improve this situation.Discuss both views and give your opinion.160220——媒体Nowadays a large amount of advertising aiming at children should be banned because of thenegative effects.To what extent do you agree or disagree?160227——女性In many c ountries women are allowed to take maternity leave from their jobs during the first month after the birth of their baby.Does advantage outweigh disadvantages?160305——媒体（11-06-04）We rely on news for our knowledge nowadays, but we are unsure how much we can trust journalists.What is your opinion on it?What qualities do you think should be required by journalists?160312——动物In modern world, it is no longer necessary to use animals for food or use animal products,for instance, clothing and medicines.To what extent do you agree or disagree?160319——社会(医疗保险)Some people think health care should be free for everyone, while others think they shouldpay medical costs for themselves.Discuss both sides and give your own opinion.160331——社会Today many children spend a lot of time playing computer games and little time on sports.Why is it?Is it a positive or negative development?160402——社会Multicultural societies, where people of different ethnic groups live together, can bringmore benefits than drawbacks to a country.To what extent do you agree or disagree?160416——城市发展When new towns are planned, it is important to build more public parks or sports facilities than shopping centers for people to spend their free time.To what extent do you agree or disagree?160421——环境The increase in the production of consumer goods results in damage to the natural environment. What are the causes of this? What can be done to solve this problem?160430——社会People’s shopping habits depend more on the age group they belong to than any other factor.To what extent do you agree or disagree?160507——教育Some people think teaching children different abilities together benefits everyone, otherthink intelligent children should be taught separately and given special treatment.Discuss both views and give your own opinion.160519——女性In many countries women are able to join the armed forces now on the equal basis of men.However some people think only men should be members of the army, navy and Air force.To what extent do you agree or disagree?160521——社会（国际援助）Some people believe countries have moral obligation to help each other. Others worry aboutthe aid money cannot get to the poor of this world.Discuss both sides and give your own opinion.160528——家庭New parents should attend a parenting course to learn how to bring up their children well.Do you agree or disagree?160604——教育Many s tudents are taught to push themselves to try and be better than other students, rather than work together for everyone’s benefits.Do the advantages outweigh the disadvantages?160625——科技The range and quality of food has been improved with the development of technology andscientific advance. Some people think it is good and others think it is harmful.Discuss both sides and give your own opinion.160709——媒体There are many advertisements directed at children, such as snacks, toys and other goods.Parents argue that children are under pressure. Advertisers claim that the advertisementsprovide useful information.Discuss both views and give your own opinion.160714——科技People still value artist in the age of advanced science and technology.Why you think this is?Are arts as important as science and technology?160716——环境Some people think that instead of preventing climate change, we need to find a way to livewith it.Do you agree or disagree?160730——政府／教育Some people think that the government should decide which subject students should study at university, while others think that students should be allowed to apply for the subject they prefer.Discuss both sides and give your own opinion.160804——媒体／全球化Some people think that it is necessary to travel abroad to learn about other countries.However, other people think that it is not necessary to travel abroad because all theinformation can be seen at TV and the Internet.Discuss both sides and give your own opinion.160813——社会In many countries, people can eat a wide variety of food today. As a result, they eat foodfrom other regions than local food.Do you think the advantages of the development outweigh disadvantages?160820——社会（慈善）Some people think charity organizations should help people in great need wherever they live. However, others think they should help people in their own country.Discuss both views and give your own opinion.160827——城市发展Some people think it is more important to plant trees in open areas in towns and cities than to provide more housing.To what extent do you agree or disagree?160903——媒体Some people think having more TV channels is good because they will have more choices, while others think it is not good because programs’ quality is lower.Discuss both views and give your own opinion.160910——文化Many c ustoms and the traditional ways of behavior are no longer relevant to the modern life and no worth keeping.To what extent do you agree or disagree?160915——交通More and more people buy and use their own car.Do you think the advantages of this trend for individuals outweigh the disadvantages forenvironment?160924——城市In many cities an increasing number of people do not know their neighbors and they lack asense of community.What are the causes? How to solve this problem?161008——科技Maintaining public libraries is a waste of time since computer technology is now replacingtheir functions.To what extent do you agree or disagree?161013——其他Some scientists believe there are intelligent life forms that may exist on other planetsand we s hould send messages i nto the outer space. Other say that it may h ave negative influence and be too dangerous for people on the earth.Discuss both views and give your own opinion.161022——媒体＋政府In some countries, the criminal trials are shown on the TV and the general public can watch them.Are the advantages outweigh the disadvantages?161029——工作It is a good thing for people in senior management positions to get a higher salary thanother workers in the same company.To what extent do you agree or disagree?161103——抽象Some people think that in the modern society individuals are becoming more dependent thaneach other, while others say that individuals are becoming more independent of each other.Discuss both sides and give your opinion.161119——家庭In some countries, more people choose to live by themselves in recent years.Why is it case? Is it a positive or negative development for society?161126——科技More people are using mobile phones and computers to communicate. Therefore, people arelosing the ability to communicate with each other face to face.To what extent do you agree or disagree?161203——运动Some countries achieve international sporting success by building specialized facilitiesonly for the training of top athletes, instead of providing facilities that everyone canuse.Do you think it is a positive or negative trend?161210Some people think they have rights to use as much fresh water as they want. Others believethat the use of fresh water should be tightly controlled by the government as it is a limited resource.Discuss both views and give your own opinion.欢迎您的下载，资料仅供参考！致力为企业和个人提供合同协议，策划案计划书，学习资料等等打造全网一站式需求。

2016年雅思写作数据大分析郑州朗阁雅思写作老师Nelly 吐血收集并整理2016年的雅思考试却已经完美收官。

回顾2016年度，一共进行了48场雅思考试，其中含1月9日A 卷和B 卷，我们一起来看2016年的Task1和Task2 的数据，来对比和2015年度的区别和变化。

按照所考图形，2016年雅思Task1 的数据如下表所示：从图中可得出，今年的task1考题中，考到数据图的比例多达91.8%，而考非数据图只占了8.2%左右。

在数据图中，以表格和柱状图考得最多，其次是线性图和饼图，而混合图出了3道；在非数据图中，今年所出的流程图是3道，而考的最少的是地图，只有1道。

对比下2015年和2016年的数据变化：对比可知，今年所出的表格和2015年相比呈现出最大的差距，数据相差10道；除此，今年的线图和地图比2015相比减少；而饼图比2015年增加了一倍（3道）；而在其他图形的出题中，基本去去年保持不变。

总结2016年的小作文，数据图依然是小作文的主流，而对于考生而言，数据图不仅仅是能够描述数据，更重要的是，要提高加工数据的能力。

换句话说，首先要学会取舍数据；另外在表达数据48121620Task1线图饼图表格柱状图流程图地图混合图20152016141174柱状图饼状图线图表格混合图地图流程图02016年大作文话题中，多进行数据的对比，这样才能确切达到小作文题目中的要求：Summarize the information by selecting and reporting the main features and make comparisons where relevant.另外需要提及的是，虽然每年所出的非数据图的数量都远远小于数据图，但不代表非数据就可以不用复习，因为任何一个考生都不能保证他所参加的那场考试不考非数据图。

因此，非数据图要等同于数据图一样对待。

这样考生在考场上，才能做到有的放矢，临危不乱。

2016年1月9日雅思写作真题之雅思小作文TASK1男女同学在课外参加体育运动的时常比例。

difference in the percentage of sports in outdoor school hours2016年1月14日雅思写作真题之雅思小作文TASK1The number of people taking part in a wildlife survey in Britain between 2001 and 2009.2016年1月23日雅思写作真题之雅思小作文TASK1The three pie charts below show the production, consumption of coffee and where the profit goes around the world.(数据仅供参考)2016年1月30日雅思写作真题之雅思小作文TASK1Task 1The diagram shows how an office building looks at present and the plan for its future development.2016年2月18日雅思写作真题之雅思小作文TASK1Changes of average monthly salary and prices of black and white TV inJapanese Yen from 1953 to 19732016年2月20日雅思写作真题之雅思小作文TASK1The chart and graph show the categories of workforce in Australia and the unemployment within 3 groups.2016年2月27日雅思写作真题之雅思小作文TASK1Task 1The graph below shows the unemployment rate in Ireland and the number ofpeople leaving the country between 1998 and 2008.2016年3月5日雅思写作真题之雅思小作文TASK1The graph shows the size of the Ozone layer hole in Antarctic and three productions of damaged gases to the Antarctic Ozone from 1980 to 2000.2016年3月12日雅思写作真题之雅思小作文TASK1The table below shows the information of the employment of students from four countries in UK after their first courses in 2001。

朗阁2016雅思写作高失分率考题盘点朗阁雅思培训中心张姝姝一、考试概况回顾1. 盘点2016年雅思写作高失分率考题目的写作，是雅思考试中题型多，话题出新快，陷阱多的一门考试。

为了让考生们熟悉了解全年的考试概况，熟练掌握各种题型，朗阁海外考试中心雅思写作专家对全年考试概况进行梳理，并且针对新题，难题，易错题进行剖析，帮助考生在考场上对考试趋势进行预估，做到应对自如，临危不乱。

2. 2016年雅思写作各种题型考试概况小作文题型：自2016年年初以来至8月27日，共有32次雅思A类考试。

线图、柱图、饼图和表图仍然是考试的主要题型，占全部考试的90%，其中以线图，动态柱状图，静态柱状图，动态表格和静态表格为最容易出现的考题，每种类别均出现了4次以上。

结合题型一直是小众，年初至今共出现过三次。

另一方面，考生们普遍担忧的流程图和地图出现频率较少，其中流程图出现两次，均为常见生产过程；地图出现一次，为常见时代变迁题型。

从出现频率上看，今年考题各类别的轮番出现，分布均匀，以往年差别不大。

但是不可避免地同一类考题连续出现的情况，所以考生们不能因为某一题型刚考过就放松警惕，熟悉掌握各类题型才是正解。

小作文难点：纵观全年，小作文难易程度变化不大，原题重现不多。

其中特别值得备考学生注意的是三维数据比较，和静态多饼图，比较项目增多的考题，本文将对难点逐一解析和举例分析。

大作文话题：在大作的32次考试中，从话题上分看，延续往年规律，教育类话题及政府类话题依旧是出题频率最大的话题。

其中教育类话题出现11次，包括分班、竞争力、爱玩游戏、学校职责等常规话题；其他多次出现的话题为政府和国际救援、环境和动物、媒体，每种话题出现频率均超过4次；其他话题，例如女性、食品、文化和科技出题频率较低，到目前为止，仅出现1至2次。

大作文体裁：从体裁来看，议论文依然是主力军，共计26次；报告类仅出现一次；混合类考题出现5次。

大作文难点：纵观全年大作文考题，难度没有明显提升。

阅读使人快乐，成长需要时间2012年6月16日雅思写作解析及30日预测Writing Task One【考察题目】【2012年6月16日】表格题(table)据考生回忆，此次考察的题目是五个国家在2006年二氧化碳(carbon dioxide)的排放量(emission)情况说明。

【写作小贴士】表格题(Table)曾经出现在剑桥系列丛书B5P98“Underground Railway Systems”---单表格、B6P30“Global water use by sector”+“Water consumption in Brazil and Congo in 2000”---线图+表格、B7P30“Percentage of national consumer expenditure by category---2002”以及B8P30“Causes of worldwide land degradation”+“Causes of land degradation by region”---饼图+表格，针对此类题目，需提醒大家注意的是：仔细观察表格横行和纵列各自代表的意义，另外在body paragraph(s)写作的过程中，第一纵列内所列内容一个不能缺，具体如下：第一、开头introduction释义题目，变换题目words, phrases and sentence structure;第二、在写作body paragraph(s)时，注意“相似数据”描述以及“大小数据”比较论述;第三、conclusion段写作时，注意对body paragraph(s)数据客观解析部分进行总体趋势概述。

【写作语汇推荐】1-figure/data/statistics2-represent3-with the exception of4-show/reveal5-general increase/decrease6-comparatively7-out of the total number of8-in the percentage of9-far more significant10-in the same period11-compared to12-fairly stable13-in comparison to14-on the other hand15-be scheduled to【写作句型推荐】1-The table shows that….2-The opposite appeared to be the case.3-The figures for both A and B were comparatively low.4-Out of the total number of those aged over 65 and older, A saw a general increase.5-C followed this trend.6-This represented an increase of more than 10 per cent compared to A’s 5 percent and B’s 3 per cent.7-A figure doubled in comparison to the percentage of….8-C, on the other hand, remained const ant with….9-C had a lower proportion of….10-Overall, it is clear that….许飞：6月14日雅思写作解析So far，Writing Task One无论是Bar Chart，Line Graph，Table，还是Pie Chart，拼图亦或是Map都有考察，Flow Chart/Diagram依旧未曾露面!常言道：More haste, less speed!还得继续make some cliché remark：革命尚未成功，同志仍需努力!只要“敌军”尚未露面，我们就不可放松警惕，要时刻做好迎敌的准备!只要用心练习好每一类题目，脚踏实地，一步一个脚印儿，并时刻铭记：Chance favors the prepared mind!考分必将如你所愿，因为我只相信一点一滴的量变industrious，终将成就你质变的辉煌illustrious!Writing Task Two【A类考试题目】【2012年6月16日】City dwellers seldom socialize with their neighbors today and the sense of community has been lost.Why has this happened and how to solve this problem?【题目翻译】住在城市中的人很少与邻居交流，这种群体意识已经消失。

2016年6月雅思真题回忆及解析所有的成功都来自于行动，只有付诸行动，才能一步步走向成功。

无忧考网搜集整理了2016年6月雅思真题回忆及解析，希望对大家有所帮助。

2016年6月举行了4场考试，时间分别为6月4日、6月16日、6月18日、6月25日。

以下内容仅供参考。

6月4日雅思口语真题回忆：Part 1考题总结考题总结：House & ApartmentStudy & workHometownMusic & singingEvening activities/eventsStay at homeCountryPlant / flowersNoiseWalkingHatsArt/paintingCommunicatingGiftSunny daysBirthdayAdvertisement PatienceHandcraftSciencePublic transport DancingBicyclesComputersWeekendsParkMoviesColorEmails and letters Outdoor activities MuseumTeamworkMagazine or newspaper TVSnackPart 2&3考题总结考题总结：PeopleDescribe one of your best friendsDescribe a person who has apologized to youDescribe a family member that you mostly close toDescribe a person who likes to travel by planeDescribe a person who just moved to live with youDescribe a creative person that you admireDescribe a leader who you admireDescribe a person you enjoy spending time withDescribe an old person who you admireDescribe a family that you likeObjectDescribe something that you shared with othersDescribe a piece of clothes that was given by someoneDescribe something you bought that pleasing youDescribe a program or app in your computer or phoneDescribe an old thing that you have kept for a long timeDescribe a childhood toy you likedPlaceDescribe a place you visited that has been affected by pollutionDescribe a place near water (such as a river, lake or the ocean) that you enjoy visitingDescribe an interesting public place that you like to visitDescribe a favorite park in your city (hometown)EventDescribe an activity that you do in your schoolDescribe a piece of good news that you receivedDescribe a short journey that you dislikedDescribe a wedding you have been toDescribe a situation that you got angryDescribe a mistake that you once madeDescribe an occasion that you ate a kind of food for the first time Describe a time that you had to get up earlyDescribe an happy family event from your childhoodDescribe a dinner that you had with your friendsDescribe a difficult decision that you once madeDescribe a situation (or a time) when you helped someone.Describe a recent happy event that you hadDescribe a special trip you would like to go on in the future Describe the first time you talked with someone in a foreign language Describe a time when bad weather changed your planMediaDescribe an interesting local news people are interested inDescribe an interesting story from a TV programDescribe an article that you read from a newspaper or magazineDescribe a story or a novel that was particularly interesting to you Describe a photo of yourself you have takenDescribe a song that means something special to youDescribe a photo you like in your familyOthersDescribe a big company you are interested in/want to work inDescribe an activity that you do to keep fitDescribe a perfect job that you want to have in the futureDescribe a new skill you want to learnDescribe a goal you want to achieve in the futureDescribe an interesting animalDescribe a positive change you have hadDescribe a method that helps you save moneyDescribe an interesting tradition in your countryDescribe your favorite season or time of the yearDescribe a course that you want to learnDescribe an important skill that you learned when you were a child Describe a character or personality of yoursDescribe a sport you like to try for the first time/you want to learn 雅思口语趋势分析和备考指导本次考试为6月份首次考试，本次回顾将分析例题——省钱的方法。

2016年6月大学英语六级作文真题及范文2016年6月大学英语六级作文真题及范文6月的英语六级已经过去了，下面是语文迷网整理的'英语范文，欢迎大家阅读参考。

【2016年6月作文真题：机器人技术】Directions：For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on the use of robots. Try to imagine what will happen when more and more robots take the place of human beings in industry as well as people's daily lives. You are required to write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.【参考范文】Since people begin their ingenuity, we have devised increasingly intelligent robots to help us coping with dangerous and burdensome work. We continuously confer various human capabilities on machines, and now try to think what will happen if robotics become even more advanced?As far as I’m concerned, in the near future the modern world will be populated by intelligent devices which can remove much human labor. Our work in factory will down by robot assembly arms. Our cooking, washing and other housework will complete by robot server. Our public security will managed by tireless robot-polices. In addition, due to the micro-mechanics, there will be more robot systems which can perform highly difficult surgery with sub-millimeter accuracy to help patients alleviate their pain and suffering.But, as I think, if robots are to reach the next stage, there are still much real challenge. We all know that human brain is far more complicated, and the most intelligent robot system will never catch up with human mind’s ability. So I have to say, thereis still a long way for the robot technology to go.【2016年6月作文真题：在线学习】Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on the use of robots. Try to imagine what will happen when more and more robots take the place of human beings in industry as well as people’s daily lives. You are required to write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.【参考范文】With science and technology developing, an increasing number of people prefer to study online instead of attending school. Indeed, e-learning has become a common phenomenon.There are two factors leading to this condition. For one thing, with the speeding up of modern life rhythm, the internet, to a large degree, plays a dominant part in our daily life. Thus, there is no doubt that it offers us many advantages and makes our life more convenient and efficient, ranging from online meal booking to reading online. Additionally, it is a more advanced approach to access to essential and useful information. By clicking the mouse , any stories and information what I want at any given time and site can be accessed. Consequently, that’s the reason why a large number of people prefer to choose the way of studying online.Admittedly, much useless and false information abounds on the internet. It is advisable for us to reading more carefully and critically.【2016年6月作文真题：虚拟世界与现实世界的关系】For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on living in the virtual world. Try to imagine what will happen when people spend more and more time in the virtual world instead of interacting in the real world. You are required towrite at least 150 words but no more than 200.参考范文：The relation between the virtual world and the real one has aroused public attention in recent years, and has become a stormy topic on in TV programs, newspapers, university classes and many aspects of our everyday life.The topic’s status as the focus of public concern mainly results from the virtual world based on the Web is a double-edged sword for human beings in the real world. For one thing, it is undoubted that the virtual world does bring men unprecedented experience, such as on-line shopping, chat with friends and family members on the web, playing video games, e-commerce and so on; it seems that the virtual world can meet all requirements of humans. For another thing, as the wisest creature on the planet, we, humans should reflect on what will take place if they take more and more time to live in the virtual world rather than in the real world. For my part, if we do so, the time we spend with friends or family will become less. And we hardly see them once in a week. It will make us feel lonely if we continue to be indulged in the virtual world instead of enjoying the real life , such as talking with friends on the phone or going out with them.To my best understanding, we should distinguish that the virtual world is totally different from the real one and the former cannot replace the latter either. Otherwise we will be reduced to the slaves in the virtual reality. If we want to enjoy our life and keep our friendship more effectively, we should spend more time with them in our real life. Only in this way can we not only make full use of the communication tool in the virtual word but also make our real life more meaningful and colorful.。

2016年1月9日（教育、政府）Mostgovernmentmoneyshouldbeinvestedinteachingscienceratherthananyo thersubjectsinorderforacountrytodevelopandprogress2016年1月14日（社会问题：犯罪）Arecentnewspaperarticlereportsthata14-year-oldboywhoseriouslydestroyedhisschoolgotapunishmenttocleanstreetsin steadofsenttotheprison,doyouthinkthisisrightOrtheyoungcriminalssho uldbesenttothejail.2016年1月23日（媒体）Thenewsmediahavebecomemoreinfluentialinpeople'slives,somepeoplethi nkit'sanegativedevelopment,towhatextentdoyouagreeordisagree2016年1月30日（环境资源交通）Insomecountries,thegovernmenthastriedtoreducetraffic.Forinstance,t heyimposedacongestiontaxduringrushhour.Doyouthinkthedevelopmentisp ositiveornegative2016年2月13日（教育）Insomecountries,therehasbeenanincreaseinthenumberofparentswhoeduca tetheirchildrenthemselvesathomeinsteadofsendingthemtoschool.Doyout hinktheadvantagesofthisoverweightthedisadvantages2016年2月18日（环境资源交通）Humanactivitieshavenegativeeffectsonplantandanimalspecies.Somepeop lethinkitistoolatetodoanythingaboutthisproblem.Othersbelieveeffect ivemeasurescanbetakentoimprovethissituation.Discussbothviewsandgiv eyouropinion.2016年2月20日（媒体）Nowadaysalargeamountofadvertisingaimingatchildrenshouldbebannedbec auseofitsnegativeeffects.Towhatextentdoyouagreeordisagree2016年3月5日（媒体）Werelyonthenewsforknowledgeoftheworld,butweareunsurehowfartotrustj ournalists,whatdoyouthinkAnddiscusswhataretheimportantqualitiesjou rnalistsshouldhave.2016年3月12日（动物）Inmodernlife,itisnolongernecessarytouseanimalsasfoodandinotherprod uctslikeclothingandmedicines.Towhatextentdoyouagreeordisagree2016年3月19日（社会生活：健康）Somepeoplethinkhealthcareshouldbefreeforeveryone,whileothersthinkt heyshouldpaymedicalcostsforthemselves.Discussbothviewsandgiveyouro wnopinion.Givereasonsforyouranswerandincludeanyrelevantexamplesfro myourownknowledgeorexperience.2016年3月31日（现代科技：游戏）Somepeopleregardvideogamesasharmlessfun,orevenasausefuleducational tool.Others,however,believethatvideosgamesarehavinganadverseeffect onthepeoplewhoplaythem.Inyouropinion,dothedrawbacksofvideogamesout weighthebenefits2016年4月2日（民族文化）Multiculturalsocieties,wherepeopleofdifferentethnicgroupslivetoget her,canbringmorebenefitsthandrawbackstoacountry.Towhatextentdoyoua greeordisagree2016年4月16日（社会生活：城镇建设）Whennewtownsareplanned,itisimportanttobuildmorepublicparksorsports facilitiesthanshoppingcentresforpeopletospendtheirfreetime.Towhate xtentdoyouagreeordisagree2016年4月21日（环境资源交通）Anincreaseintheproductionofconsumergoodsresultsindamagetothenatura lenvironment.WhyisthiscaseWhatcanbedonetoreducethisproblem2016年4月30日（社会生活：购物）People'sshoppinghabitsdependmoreontheagegrouptheybelongtothanother factors.Towhatextentdoyouagreeordisagree2016年5月7日（教育）Somepeoplethinkteachingchildrenwithdifferentabilitiesbenefitsevery one,whileothersthinkintelligentchildrenshouldbetaughtseparatelyand givenspecialtreatment.Discussbothviewsandgiveyourownopinion.2016年5月19日（平等）Inmanycountrieswomenareabletojointhearmedforcesontheequalbasisasme n.However,somepeoplethinkonlymenshouldbemembersofthearmy,navyandai rforce.Towhatextentdoyouagreeordisagree2016年5月21日（社会问题：人道主义）Somepeoplearguethatcountriesshouldhaveamoralobligationtohelpeachot her;ontheotherhand,somepeoplearguethatalargeamountofaidmoneydoesno treachthepooroftheworld.Discussbothviewsandgiveyouropinion.2016年5月28日（家庭生活）Nowadays,manypeoplethinkthatparentsshouldtakeaparentingcoursetolea rnhowtobringuptheirchildrenwell.Towhatextentdoyouagreeordisagree2016年6月4日（教育）Manystudentsaretaughttopushthemselvesandtryhardtobebetterthantheir classmates,ratherthanworktogetherforeveryone’sbenefits.Dothedisadvantagesoftrainingstudentstobecompetitiveoutwe ightheadvantages2016年6月16日（教育）Somepeoplebelievethatthecountrywouldbenefitalotfrommoreyoungpeople enteringintouniversity;however,othersthinkthatthelargenumberofpeop lereceivingcollegeeducationonlyleadstograduateunemployment.Discuss bothviewsandgiveyouropinion.2016年6月18日（教育）Itistheresponsibilityofschoolstoteachgoodbehaviorinadditiontoprovi dingformaleducation.Towhatextentdoyouagreeordisagree2016年6月25日（现代科技）Therangeandqualityoffoodhasbeenimprovedwiththedevelopmentoftechnol ogyandscientificadvances.Somepeoplethinkitisgoodandothersthinkitis harmful.Discussbothsidesandgiveyouropinion.2016年10月13日(现代科技：外星人)?Some?scientists?believe?that?intelligent?life?forms?may?exist?on?o ther?planets?and?some?want?to?send?messages?to?contact?them.?Other s?think?it?is?a?bad?idea?because?these?life?forms?may?be?too?dange rous.?Discuss?both?views?and?give?your?own?opinion.?2016年10月22日(媒体：犯罪)?In?some?countries,?the?criminal?trials?are?shown?on?the?TV?and?the?general?public?can?watch?them.?To?the?advantages?outweigh?the?dis advantages?2016年10月29日(社会问题：工作)?It?is?a?good?thing?for?people?in?senior?management?positions?to?get?a?higher?salary?than?other?workers?in?the?same?company.?To?what? extent?do?you?agree?or?disagree?2016年11月3日(传统发展与变化)?The?world?has?many?towns?and?cities?constructed?in?previous?centur ies?that?are?suitable?and?livable?for?people?in?those?times.?What? problems?will?this?cause?today?and?what?can?be?done?to?solve?them？?2016年11月5日(社会问题)?Some?people?think?that?in?the?modern?society?individuals?are?becom ing?more?dependent?than?each?other,?while?others?say?that?individuals?are?becoming?more?independent?of?each?other.?Discuss?both?side s?and?give?your?opinion.?2016年11月19日(社会问题：居住)?why?more?people?live?by?themselves？?2016年11月26日(科技、社会问题)?Many?people?are?using?mobile?phones?and?computers?to?communicate.? Therefore,?people?are?losing?the?ability?to?communicate?with?each? other?face?to?face.?To?what?extent?do?you?agree?or?disagree?2016年12月3日（社会生活：运动设施）?Some?countries?achieve?international?sporting?success?by?building? specialized?facilities?to?train?top?athletes?instead?of?providing? sports?facilities?that?everyone?can?use.?Do?you?think?it?is?a?posi tive?or?negative?development？?2016年12月10日(环境资源交通)?Some?people?think?they?have?the?right?to?use?as?much?fresh?water?a s?they?want,?while?others?think?fresh?water?should?be?tightly?cont rolled?by?government?because?it?is?limited?resource.?Discuss?both? views?and?give?your?opinion.?2016年12月15日(环境资源交通)?Some?people?think?the?main?benefit?of?international?cooperation?is ?in?the?protection?of?the?environment,?while?others?think?that?the ?main?benefits?are?in?the?world?business.?Discuss?both?views?and?g ive?your?own?opinion.??2016年7月9日(媒体)Therearemanyadvertisementsdirectedatchildren,suchassnacks,toysando thergoods.Parentsarguethatchildrenareunderpressure.Advertisersclai mthattheadvertisementsprovideusefulinformation.Discussbothviewsand giveyourownopinion.2016年7月14日（社会类）Peoplestillvalueartistsintheageofadvancedscienceandtechnology.Whyy outhinkthisisAreartsasimportantasscienceandtechnology2016年7月16日（环境资源交通）Somepeoplethinkthatinsteadofpreventingclimatechange,weneedtofindaw aytolivewithit.Doyouagreeordisagree.2016年7月30日（教育）Somepeoplethinkthatthegovernmentshoulddecidewhichsubjectstudentsst udyatuniversity,whileothersthinkthatstudentsshouldbeallowedtoapply forthesubjecttheyprefer.Discusstwoviewsandgiveyouropinion.2016年8月4日（社会问题；旅游）Somepeoplethinkthatitisnecessarytotravelabroadtolearnaboutothercou ntries.However,otherpeoplethinkthatitisnotnecessarytotravelabroadb ecausealltheinformationcanbeseenatTVandtheInternet.Discussbothopin ionsandgiveyourownopinion.2016年8月13日（社会问题；健康）Inmanycountries,peoplecaneatawidevarietyoffoodtoday.Asaresult,they eatfoodfromotherregionsthanlocalfood.Doyouthinktheadvantagesofthed evelopmentoutweighdisadvantages.2016年8月20日（社会问题：慈善）Somepeoplethinkcharityorganizationsshouldhelppeopleingreatneedwhen evertheylive.However,othersthinktheyshouldhelppeopleintheirowncoun try.Discussbothopinionsandgiveyourownopinion.2016年8月27日（社会问题：居住）Somepeoplethinkitismoreimportanttoplanttreesinopenareasintownsandc itiesthantoprovidemorehousing.Towhatextentdoyouagreeordisagree.2016年9月3日(现代科技：电视频道)SomepeoplethinkhavingmoreTVchannelsisgoodbecausetheywillhavemor echoices,whileothersthinkitisnotgoodbecauseprograms’qualityislower.Discussbothviewsandgiveyourownopinion.2016年9月15日（环境资源交通）Moreandmorepeoplebuyandusetheirowncar.Doyouthinktheadvantagesofthi strendforindividualsoverweighthedisadvantagesforenvironment2016年9月24日（社会问题）Inmanycitiesanincreasingnumberofpeopledonotknowtheirneighborsandth eylackasenseofcommunity.WhatarethecausesHowtosolvethisproblem？2016年10月8日（现代科技）Maintainingpubliclibrariesisawasteoftimesincecomputertechnologyisn owreplacingtheirfunctions.Towhatextentdoyouagreeordisagree？。

------------------------------------------------------------精品文档--------------------------------------------------------B卷：表格，讲述八个国家1990年和2000年千人拥有摩托车的数量A卷大作文：Difference between countries are becoming less evident recently. People can see the same films, brands, fashion, advertisements and TV channels. To what extent do disadvantage outweigh advantages?B卷大作文：Some people think government should invest more money in teaching science than other subjects in order for a country to develop and progress. To what extent do you agree or disagree?小作文：1/14/2016大作文：A recent newspaper article reports that a 14-year-old boy who seriously destroyed his school got a punishment to clean streets instead of sent to the prison, do you think this is right? Or the young criminals should be sent to the jail.小作文：1/23/2016个不同年龄段人用互联网5年到2006年，2003Bar chart描述英国的比率。

2016年6月(第1套)Questions 1 to 4 are based on the conversation you have just heard.1. A) Project organizer.B) Public relations officer.C) Marketing manager.D) Market research consultant.2. A) Quantitative advertising research.B) Questionnaire design.C) Research methodology.D) Interviewer training.3. A) They are intensive studies of people's spending habits.B) They examine relations between producers and customers.C) They look for new and effective ways to promote products.D) They study trends or customer satisfaction over a long period.4. A) The lack of promotion opportunity.B) Checking charts and tables.C) Designing questionnaires.D) The persistent intensity.Questions 5 to 8 are based on the conversation you have just heard.5. A) His view on Canadian universities.B) His understanding of higher education.C) His suggestions for improvements in higher education.D) His complaint about bureaucracy in American universities.6. A) It is well designed.B) It is rather inflexible.C) It varies among universities.D) It has undergone great changes.7. A) The United States and Canada can learn from each other.B) Public universities are often superior to private universities.C) Everyone should be given equal access to higher education.D) Private schools work more efficiently than public institutions.8. A) University systems vary from country to country.B) Efficiency is essential to university management.C) It is hard to say which is better, a public university or a private one.D) Many private university in the U.S. are actually large bureaucracies. Questions 9 to 11 are based on the passage you have just heard.9. A) Government's role in resolving an economic crisis.B) The worsening real wage situation around the world.C) Indications of economic recovery in the United States.D) The impact of the current economic crisis on peopled life.10. A) They will feel less pressure to raise employees' wages.B) They will feel free to choose the most suitable employees.C) They will feel inclined to expand their business operations.D) They will feel more confident in competing with their rivals.11. A) Employees and companies cooperate to pull through the economic crisis.B) Government and companies join hands to create jobs for the unemployed.C) Employees work shorter hours to avoid layoffs.D) Team work will be encouraged in companies.Questions 12 to 15 are based on the passage you have just heard.12. A) Whether memory supplements work.B) Whether herbal medicine works wonders.C) Whether exercise enhances one's memory.D) Whether a magic memory promises success.13. A) They help the elderly more than the young.B) They are beneficial in one way or another.C) They generally do not have side effects.D)They are not based on real science.14. A) They are available at most country fairs.B) They are taken in relatively high dosage.C) They are collected or grown by farmers.D) They are prescribed by trained practitioners.15. A) They have often proved to be as helpful as doing mental exercise.B) T aking them with other medications might entail unnecessary risks.C) Their effect lasts only a short time.D) Many have benefited from them.Questions 16 to 18 are based on the recording you have just heard.16. A) How catastrophic natural disasters turn out to be to developing nations.B) How the World Meteorological Organization studies natural disasters.C) How powerless humans appear to be in face of natural disasters.D) How the negative impacts of natural disasters can be reduced.17. A) By training rescue teams for emergencies.B) By taking steps to prepare people for them.C) By changing people's views of nature.D) By relocating people to safer places.18. A) How preventive action can reduce the loss of life.B) How courageous Cubans are in face of disasters.C) How Cubans suffer from tropical storms.D) How destructive tropical storms can be.Questions 19 to 22 are based on the recording you have just heard.19. A) Pay back their loans to the American government.B) Provide loans to those in severe financial difficulty.C) Contribute more to the goal of a wider recovery.D) Speed up their recovery from the housing bubble.20. A) Some banks may have to merge with others.B) Many smaller regional banks are going to fail.C) It will be hard for banks to provide more loans.D) Many banks will have to lay off some employees.21. A) It will work closely with the government.B) It will endeavor to write off bad loans.C) It will try to lower the interest rate.D) It will try to provide more loans.22. A) It won't help the American economy to turn around.B) It won't do any good to the major commercial banks.C) It will win the approval of the Obama administration.D) It will be necessary if the economy starts to shrink again.Questions 23 to 25 are based on the recording you have just heard.23. A) Being unable to learn new things.B) Being rather slow to make changes.C) Losing temper more and more often.D) Losing the ability to get on with others.24. A) Cognitive stimulation.B) Community activity.C) Balanced diet.D) Fresh air.25. A) Ignoring the signs and symptoms of aging.B) Adopting an optimistic attitude towards life.C) Endeavoring to give up unhealthy lifestyles.D) Seeking advice from doctors from time to time.Questions 26 to 35 are based on the following passage.Let's say you love roller-skating. Just the thought of __26__ on your roller-skates brings asmile to your face. You also know that roller-skating is excellent exercise. You have a __27__attitude toward it.This description of roller-skating __28__ the three components of an attitude: affect,cognition, and behavio r. You love the activity; it's great fun. These feelings __29__ the affectiveor emotional component; they ar e an important ingredient in attitudes. The knowledge wehave about the object constitutes the cognitive co mponent of an attitude. You understand the health __30__ that the activity can bring. Finally, attitudes hav e a behavioral component.Our attitudes __31__ us to go outside to enjoy roller-skating.Now, we don't want to leave you with the __32__ that these three components always worktogether __33__ . They don't; sometimes they clash. For example, let's say you love pizza(affective component); however, yo u have high cholesterol and understand (knowledge component) that eating pizza may be bad for your healt h. Which behavior will your attituderesult in, eating pizza or __34__ it? The answer depends on which compo nent happens to bestronger. If you are walking past a pizza restaurant at lunchtime, your emotions and feeli ngsprobably will be stronger than your knowledge that pizza may not be the best food for yourhealth. In that i nstance, you have pizza for lunch. If you are at home trying to decide where togo for dinner, however, the kn owledge component may __35__ , and you decide to go whereyou can eat a healthier meal.A.avoidingB.benefitsC.highlightD.illustratesE.impressionF.improvesG.inquiringH.perfectlyI.positiveJ.prevailK.primarilyL.promptM.specificationsN.strappingO.typicalSection BDirections: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.The Changing Generation[A] It turns out today's teenagers aren't so scary after all. Results of USA WEEKEND'S Teens & Parents survey reveal a generation of young people who get along well with their parents and approve of the way they're being raised. They think of their parents with affection and respect. They speak with Mom or Dad when they have aproblem. Most feel that their parents understand them, and they believe their family is the No. 1 priority in their parents, lives. Many even think their parents are cool! Although more than a third have an object in their rooms they would like to keep secret from their parents, rarely is it anything more alarming than a diary or off-color (低俗的) book or CD.[B] Such results may seem surprising against the background of shocking incidents that color the way the mass media portray the young. In October 2000, , the same month the survey was taken, the Washington-based Center for Media and Public Affairs wrote in its publication Media Monitor that, in a recent month of TV news coverage of American youth, just 2% of teens were shown at home, and just 1% were portrayed in a work setting. In contrast, the criminal justice system accounted for nearly one out of every five visual backgrounds. No wonder parents worry their own kids might spin out of control once they hit the turbulent waters of adolescence. [C] The overall facts ought to reassure us. The survey shows us that today's teens are affectionate, sensible and far happier than the angry and tortured souls that have been painted for us by stereotypes. From other sources, we also know teenage crime, drug abuse and premarital sex are in general decline. We, of course, need to pay attention to youngsters who are filled with discontent and hostility, but we should not allow these extreme cases to distort our view of most young people.[D] My own research at the Stanford Center on Adolescence uses in-depth interviews with small samples of youngsters rather than large-scale surveys. Still, in my studies and others I have read, I find the same patterns as in USA WEEKEND'S survey. Today's teenagers admire their parents and welcome parental guidance about important matters such as career choice—though certainly not Mom and Dad's advice on matters of personal taste, such as music or fashion. When we ask teens to choose a hero，they usually select an older family member rather than a remote public figure. Most teens say they enjoy the company of both parents and friends.[E] Contrary to some stereotypes, most adolescents believe they must be tolerant of differences among individuals (though they do not always find this easy in the cliquish (拉帮结派的) environment of high school). Many of them volunteer for community service with disadvantaged people. One prevalent quality we have found in teens, statements about themselves, their friends and their families is a strikingly positive emotional tone. By and large, these are very nice kids, and as the band The Who used to sing, "The kids are alright."[F] How much is today's spirit of harmony a change from our more turbulent past? A mere generation ago, parent-child relations were described as "the generation gap". Yet even then reports of widespread youth rebellion were overdone: Most kids in the '60s and 70s shared their parents, basic values. Still, it is true that American families are growing closer at the dawn of this new millennium (千年). Perhaps there is less to fight about, with the country in a period of tranquility and the dangers of drug abuse and other unwholesome behavior well known. Perhaps in the face of impersonal and intimidating globalization, a young person's family feels more like a friendly haven than an oppressive trap. And perhaps parents are acting more like parents than in the recent past. Within just the past five years, I have noticed parents returning to a belief that teenagers need the guidance of elders rather than the liberal, "anything goes" mode of child-rearing that became popular in the second half of the 20th century.[G] But missing from all these data is the sense that today's young care very much about their country, about the broader civic and political environment, or about the future of their society. They seem to be turning inward—generally in a pro-social manner, certainly with positive benefits for intimate relationships, but too often at the expense of a connection with the present and future world beyond, including the society they will one day inherit.[H] Recently, we examined more than 400 essays on the "laws of life" that teens from two communities had written as part of an educational program initiated by the John Templeton Foundation in Radnor, Pa. In those essays, and in follow-up interviews with a few of the teenagers, we found lots of insight, positive feeling and inspirational thinking. But we also found little interest in civic life beyond the tight circles of their family and immediate friends.[I] For example, only one boy said he would like to be president when he grows up. When I was in high school, dozens in my class alone would have answered differently. In fact, other recent studies have found there has never been a time in American history when so small a proportion of young people have sought or accepted leadership roles in local civic organizations. It is also troubling that voting rates among our youngest eligible voters—18- to 24-year-olds—are way down: Little more than one in four now go to the polls, even in national elections, compared with almost twice that many when 18-year-olds were first given the vote.[J] In our interviews, many students viewed politics with suspicion and distaste. " Most politicians are kind of crooked (不诚实的)" one student declared. Another, discussing national politics, said, “I feel like one person can't do that much, and I get the impression most people don't think a group of people can do that much." Asked what they would like to change in the world, the students mentioned only personal concerns such as slowing down the pace of life, gaining good friends, becoming more spiritual, becoming either more materially successful or less materially oriented (depending on the student's values), and being more respectful of the Earth, animals and other people. One boy said, "I'd rather be concentrating on artistic efforts than saving the world or something." [K] It is fine and healthy for teens to cultivate their personal interests, and it is good news when young people enjoy harmonious relations with their family and friends. But there is also a place in a young life for noble purposes that include a dedication to the broader society, a love of country and an aspiration to make their own leadership contributions.[L] In the past, the young have eagerly participated in national service and civic affairs, often with lots of energy and idealism. If this is not happening today, we should ask why. Our society needs the full participation of its younger citizens if it is to continue to thrive. We know the promise is there—this is a well-grounded, talented, warm-hearted group of youngsters. We have everything to gain by encouraging them to explore the world beyond their immediate experience and to prepare themselves for their turn at shaping that world.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。

2016年6月17日GRE考试真题回忆解析2016年6月17号的GRE考试已经过去，为此天道小编为大家整理了关于2016年6月17日GRE 考试机经的详细内容，希望对大家备考GRE有所帮助，更多GRE机经请关注天道教育GRE频道。

2016年6月17日GRE考试写作真题Issue：Society should identify those children who have special talents andprovide training for them at an early age to develop their talents.Argument：The following appeared as part of an article in a business magazine. "A recent study rating 300 male and female Mentian advertising executives according to the average number of hours they sleep per night showed an association between the amount of sleep the executives need and the success of their firms. Of the advertising firms studied, those whose executives reported needing no more than 6 hours of sleep per night had higher profit margins and faster growth. These results suggest that if a business wants to prosper, it should hire only people who need less than 6 hours of sleep per night."2016年6月17日GRE考试数学真题Quantitative Reasoning整体依旧不难，不过运算量偏大一些，上次4月16日GRE考试三个sections，平均每个section我的剩余时间是9分钟，而这次平均剩余5分钟。

2016年6月真题试卷附答案和解析(第2套) 写作参考答案People nowadays use social networking sites very frequently, such as Weibo and Wechat, which have made us more connected than ever. Yet for all this close contact, we are becoming more socially awkward. The harm of replacing real-life contact with virtual conversation, in my opinion, involves two aspects: it made us put on masks and hold up shields.In a virtual world, we tend to create an image that rarely looks like us. We post messages or pictures to show we are humorous, with a good taste, and living a fabulous life. As a result, we fail to present our real self and dare not to be ourselves. Another unpleasant thing about virtual conversation is that it encourages unimaginable violence of language. The Internet has become a shield in many ways，exempting us from the consequence we should take responsibility for even though we make dreadful and malicious comments sometimes. This undoubtedly mins the quality of social interaction that we need as human beings.All in all, if we spend too much time interacting virtually, we will dedicate little effort to real-world bonding. Consequently, our interpersonal relationship weakens gradually, and we will end up with unprecedented alienation.【解析】本题讨论的是“虚拟社交越来越频繁．真实社交却越来越贫乏”这一社会现象，考生需要阐述这一问题将导致的结果。

2016年雅思考试1-4月写作必练真题距离2016年3月，还有不到两天的时间。

店铺为大家整理了2015年全年雅思考试写作真题，希望可以帮助各位考试提前练笔，从而在2016年3月份的考试当中，取得理想的成绩。

2015.1.10The leaders or directors of organizations are often older people. But some people say that young people can also be a leader. To what extent do you agree or disagree?2015.1.17Some people think that the amount of noise people make should be controlled strictly, while other say that people are free to make as much noise as they wish. Discuss both views and give your opinion.2015.1.29It is possible for scientists and tourists to travel to remote natural environments, such as South Pole. Do you think the advantages of this development outweigh the disadvantages?2015.1.31Some people argue that too much attention and too many resources are given to the protection of wild animals and birds. To what extent do you agree or disagree?2015.2.7Many museums and historical sites are mainly visited by tourists, not local people. Why? What can be done to attract local people?2015.2.12Some people think that the age limit for driving should be increased in order to make driving safer. To what extent do you agree or disagree?2015.2.14The use of mobile phone is as antisocial as smoking. Smoking is banned in certain places so mobile should be banned like smoking. To what extend do agree or disagree?2015.2.28Some students take one year off between finishing school and going to university, in order to travel or to work. Do you think advantages outweigh disadvantages?2015.3.12Some people think that it is more important to plant more trees in open area in towns and cities than build more housing. To what extend do agree or disagree?2015.3.14Some working parents think child care centre can provide their children best care. While others think family members such as grandma will experience can give children best care. To what extent do you agree or disagree?2015.3.21Some people believe famous people’s support towards international aid organizations draws the attention to problems, while others think celebrities make the problems less important. Discuss both views and give your opinions.2015.3.28Some people think that the increasing use of computers and mobile phones for communication has had a negative effect on young people’s reading and writing skills. Does the advantage outweigh the disadvantage?2015.4.11Older people who need employment have to compete with younger people. What problems will be caused? And what arethe solutions?2015.4.18Some people believe that only students with best academic should be reward, some other people think it is more important to reward students with improvement. Discuss& Give your opinion2015.4.25Young people who commit serious crimes, such as a rubbery or a violent attack should be punished in the same way as adults. To what extent do you agree or disagree?2015.4.30An American writer think that tomorrow is more important. To what extent do you agree or disagree?2015.5.9Governments should focus spending only on public services, not waste on the arts. To what extent do you agree or disagree?2015.5.16Health experts claim that walking is the best exercise. However, people are walking less on a daily basis. What has made it happen and how to deal with this?2015.5.21People continue to commit crimes even after being punished for it. Why do you think this happens? How can crime be stopped?2015.5.30Some people think computers and the Internet are more important in child’s education. Others believe th at schools and teachers are essential for children to learn. Discuss both views and give your opinion.2015.6.6More and more people want to study at university, socompetition of university places is increasing. Why do more people want to study at university? Is it positive or negative?2015.6.13University students should pay for the full cost of education fees because university education benefits themselves rather than the society. T o what extent do you agree or disagree?2015.6.18We should return to traditional and older values of respect for family and community. To what extent do you agree or disagree?2015.6.27Some people think it is important to protect all wild animals. Others think that it is only important to protect part of them, not all of them. Discuss both views and give your opinion.。

雅思考试阅读考题回顾朗阁海外考试研究中心方晓静考试日期2016年6月16日station at Gombe-the first of its kind-is more famous, but Nishida‟s site at Mahale is the second oldest chimpanzee research site in the world. )D In these initial studies, as the chimpanzees became accustomed to close observation, the remarkable discoveries began. Researchers witnessed a range of unexpected behaviors, including fashioning and using tools, hunting, meat eating, food sharing and lethal fights between members of neighboring communities.E As early as 1973, Goodall recorded 13 forms of tool use as well as eight social activities that appeared to differ between the Gombe chimpanzees and chimpanzee populations elsewhere. She ventured that some variations had what she termed a cultural origin. But what exactly did Goodall mean by "culture"? According to the Oxford Encyclopedic English Dictionary, culture is defined as "the customs . . . and achievements of a particular time or people. "The diversity of human cultures extends from technological variations to marriage rituals, from culinary habits to myths and legends. Animals do not have myths and legends, of course. But they do have the capacity to pass on behavioral traits from generation to generation, not through their genes but bylearning. For biologists, this is the fundamental criterion for a cultural trait: it must be something that can be learned by observing the established skills of others and thus passed on to future generationsF What of the implications for chimpanzees themselves? We must highlight the tragic loss of chimpanzees, whose populations are being decimated just when we are at last coming to appreciate these astonishing animals more completely. Populations have plummeted in the past century and continue to fall as a result of illegal trapping, logging and, most recently, the bushmeat trade. The latter is particularly alarming: logging has driven roadways into the forests that are now used to ship wild-animal meat-including chimpanzee meat-to consumers as far afield as Europe. Such destruction threatens not only the animals themselves but also a host of fascinatingly different ape cultures.G Perhaps the cultural richness of the ape may yet help in its salvation, however. Some conservation efforts have already altered the attitudes of some local people. A few organizations have begun to show videotapes illustrating the cognitive prowess of chimpanzees.One Zairian viewer was heard to exclaim, "Ah, this ape is so like me, I can no longer eat him. "H How an international team of chimpanzee experts conducted the most comprehensive survey of the animals ever attempted. Scientists have been investigating chimpanzee culture for several decades, but too often their studies contained a crucial flaw. Most attempts to document cultural diversity among chimpanzees have relied solely on officially published accounts of the behaviors recorded at each research site. But this approach probably overlooks a good deal of cultural variation for three reasons. First, scientists typically don‟t publish an extensive list of all the activities they do not see at a particular location. Yet this is exactly what we need to know-which behaviors were and were not observed at each site. Second, many reports describe chimpanzee behaviors without saying how common they are; with- out thisinformation, we can‟t determine whether a particular action was a once-in-a-lifetime aberration or a routine event that should be considered part of the animals‟ culture. Finally, researchers‟ descriptions of potentially significant chimpanzee behaviors frequently lack sufficient detail, making it difficult for scientists working at other spots to record the presence or absence of the activities.J To remedy these problems, the two of us decided to take a new approach. We asked field researchers at each site for a list of all the behaviors they suspected were local traditions. With this information in hand, we pulled together a comprehensive list of 65 candidates for cultural behaviors.K Then we distributed our list to the team leaders at each site. In consultation with their colleagues, they classified each behavior in terms of its occurrence or absence in the chimpanzee community studied. The key categories were customary behavior (occurs in most or all of the able-bodied members of at least one age or sex class, such as all adult males), habitual (less common than customary but occurs repeatedly in several individuals), present (seen at the site but not habitual), absent (never seen), and unknown.。

朗阁2016雅思阅读考试年度总结朗阁雅思培训中心李园2016年的雅思考试即将结束，朗阁雅思培训中心的专家正好对阅读考试进行一个疏导和总结，并对接下来的考试趋势进行预测，同时也针对考试趋势为烤鸭们提供相应的复习建议，以助大家在2017年的“屠鸭”之路顺利前行，做个从容备考、有的放矢的小烤鸭。

一、2016年雅思阅读题型分布排行榜NO.2的为判断题，一共出现56次，占所有题型的22%，平均每场2次，频率跟去年基本一样，该题型有序，定位不难，但难点在于是需要考生抓好考点，理解定位句子的意思，甚至把握定位句子前后的作者写作意图，对于喜欢钻牛角尖的考生做全对还是需要下一番功夫的。

排行榜NO.3 细节匹配题，一共出现了64次，占所有题型的25%。

其中考生最为头疼的段落配信息30次，每个月都会出现，频率跟去年相比有所增加，特点无序，细节匹配，难度较大，需要引起考生的高度重视。

另外还有人名配观点11次，classify 19次，句首配句尾4次。

排行榜No.4 选择题，一共出现了41次，占所有题型的16%，其中单选题36次，多选题5次。

单选题绝大部分是在Passage 3登场，多数考察学生对段落作者意图的宏观把握，而多选题大部分以2/5的多选题为主。

排行榜NO.5标题题（List of headings），出现了11次，占所有题型的4%，跟2015年相比，出现频率有所下降。

对比2015年和2016年的题型，填空题由31%上升到33%，配对题上升幅度较大，从去年的21%上升到27%，选择题由18%下降到15%，标题题由6%下降到4%。

所以，大家的备考重点除了减少填空题上的失分外，还要加强匹配题的练习，尤其是段落配信息，需要多多练习同义替换的识别能力，此外大家还要做好一篇文章出现多个匹配题的准备，合理分配时间，以免乱了阵脚。

另外，标题题和选择题的下降，意味着雅思考试对宏观题型的考察减少，而更加侧重填空或者匹配这样的细节题，难度加大。