manufacturing Ch2_Generals to bulk deformation(1)

物流专业术语大全物流专业术语大全abc classification abc 分类法Accomplish a Bill of Lading (to) 付单提货Act of God 天灾Actual Displacement 实际排水量Ad valorem freight 从价运费Addendum (to a charter party) ( 租船合同)附件Additional for Alteration of Destination 变更卸货港附加费Additional for Optional Destination 选卸港附加费Address commission (Addcomm) 回扣佣金Air Express 航空快递Air Waybill 航空运单All in rate 总运费率All purposes (A.P) 全部装卸时间All time saved (a.t.s) 节省的全部时间Always afloat 始终保持浮泊American Bureau of Shipping (A.B.S.) 美国船级社Anchorage 锚地Anchorage dues 锚泊费Annual survey 年度检验Anti-dated B/L 倒签提单Apron 码头前沿Arbitration award 仲裁裁决Arbitrator 仲裁员Area differential 地区差价Arrest a ship 扣押船舶assembly 组配automatic replenishment (ar) 自动补货系统automatic warehouse 自动化仓库Average adjuster 海损理算师Average bond 海损分摊担保书Average guarantee 海损担保书回复: 物流专业术语大全Back (return) load 回程货Back to back charter 转租合同Backfreight 回程运费Bale or bale capacity 货舱包装容积Ballast (to) 空载行驶bar code 条形吗Bareboat (demise) Charter Party 光船租船合同Barge 驳船Barratry 船员不轨Barrel handler 桶抓Base cargo (1)垫底货Base cargo (2)起运货量Beam船宽Bearer ( of a B/L) 提单持有人Bearer B/L 不记名提单Bill of Lading 提单Booking Note 托运单(定舱委托书)Boom of a fork-lift truck 铲车臂Both ends (Bends) 装卸两港Both to blame collision clause 互有过失碰撞条款Bottom 船体Bottom stow cargo 舱底货Bottomry loan 船舶抵押贷款Breakbulk 零担Breakbulk cargo 零担货物Broken stowage 亏舱Brokerage 经纪人佣金Bulk cargo 散装货Bunker escalation clause 燃料涨价条款Buoy 浮标Bureau Veritas (B.V.) 法国船级社business logistics 企业物流回复: 物流专业术语大全Cargo Manifest 载货清单(货物舱单)Cargo sharing 货载份额Cargo superintendent 货物配载主管Cargo tank 货箱Cargo tracer 短少货物查询单Cesser clause 责任终止条款Chargeable Weight 计费重量Charter Party ( C/P) 租船合同(租约)Charter Party B/L 租约项下提单Chartered Carrier 包机运输Chassis 集装箱拖车Claims adjuster 理赔人Classification certificate 船级证书Classification register 船级公告Classification society 船级社Classification survey 船级检验Clean (petroleum ) products 精练油Clean B/L 清洁提单Clean the holds (to) 清洁货舱Closing date 截至日Closure of navigation 封航Collapsible flattrack 折叠式板架集装箱Combination of Rate 分段相加运价Commodity Classification Rates (CCR) 等价货物运价Common carrier 公共承运人Completely knocked down (CKD) 全拆装Compulsory pilotage 强制引航computer assisted ording(cao) 计算机辅助订货系统Conference 公会Congestion 拥挤Congestion surcharge 拥挤费Con-ro ship 集装箱/滚装两用船Consecutive single trip C/P 连续单航次租船合同Consecutive voyages 连续航程Consign 托运Consignee 收货人Consignment 托运；托运的货物Consignor 发货人Consolidation 集中托运Consolidation (groupage) 拼箱Consortium 联营Constants 常数Construction Rate 比例运价Container barge 集装箱驳船Container Freight Station ( CFS) 集装箱货运站Container leasing 集装箱租赁Container Load Plan 集装箱装箱单Container yard (CY) 集装箱堆场Containerised 已装箱的，已集装箱化的Containerization 集装箱化Containership 集装箱船Contamination (of cargo ) 货物污染continuous replenishment program (crp) 连续补充库存计划contract logistics 合同物流Contract of Affreightment (COA) 包运合同Contributory value 分摊价值Conventional Container Ship 集装箱两用船Conveyor belt 传送带Corner casting (fitting) 集装箱(角件) )Corner post 集装箱(角柱)Crane 起重机Crawler mounted crane 履带式(轨道式)起重机Crew List 船员名册cross docking 交叉配送(换装)Currency Adjustment Factor (CAF) 货币贬值附加费Custom of the port (COP) 港口惯例Customary assistance 惯常协助Customary Quick Despatch (CQD) 习惯快速装运回复: 物流专业术语大全Dead Weight Cargo Tonnage (DWCT) 净载重吨Deadfreight 亏舱费Deadweight (weight) cargo 重量货Deadweight cargo (carrying)capacity 载货量Deadweight Tonnage (All Told) (DWT or D.W.A.T) 总载重吨位(量) Deaiweight scale 载重图表Deck cargo 甲板货Declaration of ship's Deadweight Tonnage of Cargo 宣载通知书Declared value for Carriage 运输声明价值Declared value for Customs 海关声明价值Delivery of cargo (a ship) 交货(交船)Delivery Order (D/O) 提货单(小提单)Demurrage 滞期费Demurrage half despatch (D1/2D) 速遣费为滞期费的一半Derrick 吊杆Despatch or Despatch money 速遣费Destuff 卸集装箱Direct transshipment 直接转船Dirty(Black) (petroleum) products ( D.P.P.) 原油Disbursements 港口开支Discharging port 卸货港Disponent owner 二船东distribution centre(dc) 配送(分拨)中心distribution processing 流通加工distribution requirement planning(drp i) 配送需求计划distribution resource planning (drp ii) 配送资源计划Dock 船坞Dock receipt 场站收据Draft (draught) 吃水；水深Draft limitation 吃水限制Dropping outward pilot (D.O.P.) 引航员下船时Dry cargo 干货Dry cargo(freight) container 干货集装箱Dry dock干船坞Dunnage and separations 垫舱和隔舱物料回复: 物流专业术语大全economic order quantity(eoq) 经济订货批量efficient customer response (ecr) 有效客户反应Enter a ship inwards (outwards) 申请船舶进港(出港) enterprise resource planning (erp) 企业资源计划Entrepot 保税货Equipment 设备(常指集装箱)Equipment handover charge 设备使用费Equipment Interchange Receipt ( EIR) 集装箱设备交接单Estimated time of completion (ETC)预计完成时间Estimated time of departure (ETD) 预计离港时间Exceptions clause 免责条款Excess landing 溢卸Expiry of laytime 装卸欺瞒Extend a charter 延长租期Extend suit time 延长诉讼时间Extension of a charter 租期延长Extension to suit time 诉讼时间延长Extreme breadth 最大宽度回复: 物流专业术语大全Fairway 航道Feeder service 支线运输服务Feeder ship 支线船Ferry 渡轮First class ship 一级船fixed-interval system (fis) 定期订货方式fixed-quantity system(fqs) 定量订货方式Fixture Note 租船确认书Flag of convenience (FOC) 方便旗船Floating crane 浮吊Floating dock 浮坞Force majeure 不可抗力Fork-lift truck 铲车Fork-lift truck 铲车Forty foot equivalent unit (FEU) 四十英尺集装箱换算单位Four-way pallet 四边开槽托盘Free In (FI) 船方不负责装费Free In and Out (FIO) 船方不负责装卸费Free In and Out ，Stowed and Trimmed (FIOST) 船方不负责装卸、理舱和平舱费Free Out (FO)船方不负责卸费Freeboard 干Freight all kinds (FAK) 包干运费Freight canvasser 揽货员Freight collect (freight payable at destination) 运费到付Freight manifest 运费舱单Freight prepaid 运费预付Freight quotation 运费报价Freight rate (rate of freight) 运费率Freight tariff 运费费率表EFreight ton (FT)运费吨Freighter 货船Fresh water load line 淡水载重线Fridays and holidays excepted (F.H.E.X .) 星期五和节假日除外Full and complete cargo 满舱满载货Full and down满舱满载Full Container Load (FCL) 整箱货Full Container Ship 全集装箱船回复: 物流专业术语大全Gantry crane 门式起重机(门吊)Gencon 金康航次租船合同General average 共同海损General average act 共同海损行为General average contribution 共同海损分摊General average sacrifice 共同海损牺牲General cargo (generals) 杂货General Cargo Rates (GCR) 普通货物运价General purpose container 多用途集装箱Geographical rotation 地理顺序georgraphical information system (gis) 地理信息系统Germanischer Lloyd (G.L.) 德国船级社global positioning system (gps) 全球定位系统goods collection 集货goods shed 料棚goods shelf 货架goods stack 货垛goods yard 货场Grabbing crane 抓斗起重机Grain or grain capacity 散装舱容Greenwich Mean Time (G.M.T.) 格林威治时间Gross Dead Weight Tonnage 总载重吨位Gross Registered Tonnage (GRT)注册(容积)总吨Gross weight(GW)毛重回复: 物流专业术语大全Handy-sized bulker 小型散货船Harbour 海港Harbour dues 港务费Hatch (hatch cover) 舱盖Hatchway 舱口Head charter (charter party)主租船合同Head charterer 主租船人Heavy fuel oil (H.F.O) 重油Heavy lift 超重货物Heavy lift additional (surcharge) 超重附加费Heavy lift derrick 重型吊杆Heavy weather 恶劣天气House Air Waybill (HAWB) 航空分运单House B/L运输agent行提单House Bill of Lading 运输agent 行提单Hovercraft 气垫船Husbandry 维修回复: 物流专业术语大全Ice-breaker 破冰船Identity of carrier clause 承运人责任条款Idle (船舶、设备)闲置Idle formality 例行手续Immediate rebate 直接回扣Import entry 进口报关In apparent good order and condition 外表状况良好Inflation adjustment factor ( IAF) 通货膨胀膨胀调整系数Infrastructure (of a port) (港口)基础设施Inherent vice 固有缺陷Inland container depot 内陆集装箱Institute Warranty Limits (IWL) (伦敦保险人)协会保证航行范围Insufficient packing 包装不足Intaken weight 装运重量integrated logistics 综合物流International Air Transport Association (IATA)国际航空运输协会International Association of Classification Societies (IACS) 国际船级社协会International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) 国际民用航空组织International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code (IMDG)国际海上危险品货物规则(国际危规) International Maritime Organization (IMO) 国际海事组织International Transport Workers' Federation 国际F运输工人联合会inventory control 存货控制inventory cycle time 库存周期Inward 进港的Inward cargo 进港货Inward cargo 进港货物Itinerary 航海日程表回复: 物流专业术语大全Joint survey联合检验Jumbo derrick 重型吊杆Jurisdiction (Litigation)clause 管辖权条款just in time (jit) 准时制Knot 航速(节)Laden 满载的Laden draught满载吃水Landbridge 陆桥Landing charges 卸桥费Landing,storage and delivery 卸货、仓储和送货费Lash 用绳绑扎Lashings 绑扎物Latitude 纬度Laytime statement 装卸时间计算表Laytime statement 装卸时间记录lead time 备货时间lean logistics 精益物流Leg (of a voyage) 航段Length overall (overall length ,简称LOA)(船舶)总长Less Container Load (LCL) 拼箱货Letter of indemnity 担保书(函)Lien 留置权Line (shipping line) 航运公司Liner ( liner ship) 班轮Liner in free out (LIFO) 运费不包括卸货费Liner terms 班轮条件Liner transport 班轮运输Lloyd's Register of Shipping 劳埃德船级社Load (Loaded)Displacement 满载排水量Loading hatch 装货口Loading List 装货清单Loadline (load line) 载重线Log abstract 航海日志摘录Log book 航行日志logistics 物流logistics activity 物流活动logistics alliance 物流联盟logistics centre 物流中心logistics cost 物流成本logistics industry 物流产业logistics modulus 物流模数logistics network 物流网络logistics operation 物流作业Long Form B/L 全式提单Long length additional 超长附加费Long ton 长吨Longitude 经度losgistics resource planning (lrp) 物流资源计划Low density cargo 轻货回复: 物流专业术语大全Maiden voyage 处女航Main deck主甲板Main port 主要港口Manifest 舱单manufacturing resource planning (mrp ii) 制造资源计划Maritime declaration of health 航海健康申明书Maritime lien 海事优先权Marks and numbers 唛头Master Air Waybill (MAWB) 航空主运单material requirement planning (mrp i) 物料需求计划Mate's receipt 大副收据Mate's Receipt 收货单Maximum Freight 最高运费Mean draught 平均吃水Measurement cargo 体积货物Measurement rated cargo 按体积计费的货物Measurement rules 计量规则Merchant (班轮提单)货方Merchant haulage 货方拖运Merchant marine 商船Metric ton 公吨Minimum Freight 工最低运费Misdelivery 错误交货Misdescription 错误陈述Mixed cargo 混杂货Mobile crane 移动式起重机More or less (mol.) 增减More or less in charterer’s option (MOLCHOP) 承租人有增减选择权More or less in owner’s option (MOLOO) 船东有增减选择权Mother ship 母船Multideck ship 多层甲板船Multi-modal (Inter-modal, combined) transport B/L 多式联运提单Multi-purpose cargo ship 多用途船Multi-purpose terminal 多用途场站Named B/L 记名提单Narrow the laycan 缩短销约期Net Registered Tonnage (NRT) 注册(容积)净吨Net weight 净重New Jason clause 新杰森条款New York Produce Exchange charter-party (NYPE) 纽约土产交易所制定的定期程租船合同格式Newbuilding 新船Nippon kaiji kyokai (NKK) 日本船级社No cure no pay 无效果无报酬No customs valuation (NCV) 无声明价值No value Declared (NVD) 不要求声明价值Nominate a ship 指定船舶进行航行Non-conference line (Independent line ,Outsider) 非公会成员的航运公司Non-delivery 未交货Non-negotiable bill of lading 不可流通的提单Non-reversible laytime 不可调配使用的装卸时间Non-vessel owning(operating) common carrier (NVOCC) 无船承运人Not always afloat but safe aground 不保持浮泊但安全搁浅Not otherwise enumerated (N.O.E.) 不另列举Note protest 作海事声明Notice of Readiness (NOR) 船舶准备就绪通知书Notice of redelivery 还船通知书Notify party 通知方回复: 物流专业术语大全On-carrier 接运承运人One-way pallet 单边槽货盘Open hatch bulk carrier 敞舱口散货船Open rate优惠费率Open rated cargo 优惠费率货物Open side container 侧开式集装箱Open top container 开顶集装箱Operate a ship 经营船舶optical character recognition 光学文字识别Optional cargo 选港货物Order B/L 指示提单order picking 拣选Ore/bulk/oil carrier 矿石/散货/油轮Out of gauge超标（货物）Outport 小港outsourcing 业务外包（外协，外购）Outturn 卸货Outturn report 卸货报告Outward 进港的Outward cargo 出港货Over weight surcharge 超重附加费Overheight cargo 超重货物Overlanded cargo or overlanding 溢卸货Overload 超载Overstow 堆码Overtime （O/T）加班时间Overtonnaging 吨位过剩Owner's agents 船东agent 人Package limitation 单位（赔偿）责任限制Packing list 装箱单Pallet 托（货）盘pallet 托盘Pallet truck 托盘车Palletized 托盘化的Panamax 巴拿马型船Paramount clause 首要条款Parcel 一包，一票货Per freight ton （P. F. T.）每运费吨Performance claim 性能索赔Perishable goods 易腐货物physical production 产品配送Piece weight 单重Pier 突码头Pier to pier 码头至码头运输Piggy -back驮背运输Pilferage 偷窃Pilot引航员Pilotage 引航Pilotage dues 引航费Platform 平台Platform flat 平台式集装箱point of sale(pos) 销售实点(信息)系统Pooling (班轮公司间分摊货物或运费)分摊制Portable unloader 便携式卸货机Post fixture 订约后期工作Post-entry追补报关单Preamble (租船合同)前言Pre-entry 预报单Pre-shipment charges 运输前费用Pre-stow 预定积载Private carrier 私人承运人Private form 自用式租船合同Pro forma charter-party 租约格式Produce carrier 侧开式集装箱Product (products) carrier 液体货运输船Promotional rate 促销费率Prospects 预期Protecting (protective, supervisory) agent 船东利益保护人Protection and indemnity club (association) (P.& I. Club ,Pandi club) 船东保赔协会Protective clauses 保护性条款Protest海事声明Pumpman 泵工Purchase (吊杆)滑车组回复: 物流专业术语大全Rate of demurrage 滞期费率Rate of discharge (discharging)卸货率Rate of freight 运费率Rate of loading 装货Received for shipment B/L 备运(收妥待运)提单Receiving dates 收货期间Recharter 转租Recovery agent 追偿agentRedelivery (redly) 还船Redelivery certificate 还船证书Refrigerated (reefer) ship 冷藏船Refrigerated (reefer)container 冷藏集装箱Register 登记，报到Register (registered) tonnage 登记吨位Registration 登记，报到Registro Italiano Navale (R.I.) 意大利船级社Release a bill of lading 交提单Release cargo 放货Remaining on board (R.O.B.) 船上所有Removable deck 活动甲板Reporting point ( calling-in-point) 报告点Reposition containers 调配集装箱Respondentia loan 船货抵押贷款Reversible laytime 可调配的装卸时间Roads (roadstead) 港外锚地Rolling cargo 滚装货物Rolling hatch cover 滚动舱单Roll-on roll-off (Ro-ro) 滚上滚下Roll-on roll-off ship 滚装船Rotation 港序Round the world (service) (R.T.W.) 全球性服务Round voyage 往返航次Run aground 搁浅Running days 连续日Safe aground 安全搁浅Safe berth (s.b) 安全泊位Safe port (S.P) 安全港口Safe working load 安全工作负荷Safety radio-telegraphy certificate 无线电报设备安全证书safety stock 安全库存Sailing schedule (card) 船期表Salvage agreement 救助协议Salvage charges 救助费Salve 救助Salvor救助人Saturdays,Sundays and holidays excepted (S.S.H.E.X.) 星期六、Saturdays,Sundays and holidays included (S.S.H.I.N.C) 星期六、Scancon 斯堪人航次祖租船合同Scanconbill 斯堪人航次祖租船合同提单日与节假日除外日与节假日包括在内Scantlings 构件尺寸Scheduled Airline 班机运输Scrap terminal 废料场Sea waybillSealSegregated ballast tank。

产品制造流程英语English:The product manufacturing process typically involves several key steps, starting with the initial design phase where the product concept is developed and detailed specifications are determined. Next, the design is translated into tangible instructions for production through the creation of engineering drawings and models. Once the design is finalized, materials are sourced, and the production process begins with the fabrication of components or parts. Quality control measures are implemented throughout the manufacturing process to ensure that each part meets the required standards. Assembling the components into the final product follows, along with thorough testing and inspection to guarantee functionality and adherence to specifications. Packaging and labeling are then completed before the finished product is ready for distribution to customers.中文翻译:产品制造流程通常包括几个关键步骤，首先是初始设计阶段，产品概念得以发展并确定详细规格。

增材结构全流程技术体系英语精选英文增材结构全流程技术体系英语：Technical System for the Full Process of Additive Manufacturing (AM) StructuresAdditive Manufacturing (AM), often referred to as 3D printing, is a revolutionary process that allows the creation of complex structures from digital models in a layer-by-layer manner. The comprehensive technical system for the full process of AM structures encompasses various stages, from design to post-processing, ensuring the production of high-quality and functional parts.1. Design and ModelingThe initial stage of the AM process begins with the design and modeling of the desired structure. This involves the use of CAD (Computer-Aided Design) software to create a virtual model of the part, taking into account geometric dimensions, material properties, and functional requirements. The design must be optimized for AM, considering factors such as support structures, build direction, and layer thickness.2. Slicing and Toolpath GenerationOnce the design is finalized, it is sliced into thin layers using specialized software. This slicing process converts the 3D model into a series of 2D cross-sections, which are then used to generate the toolpath for the AM machine. The toolpath determines the path and speed of the print head or laser beam, ensuring accurate deposition of material.3. Material Selection and HandlingThe selection of appropriate materials is crucial for the success of AM structures. Variousmaterials, including plastics, metals, ceramics, and composites, can be used depending on the application and performance requirements. Material handling involves storing, transporting, and pre-processing the material to ensure its suitability for the AM process.4. Printing and Build ProcessThe printing or build process is the core of AM, where the material is deposited layer by layer according to the generated toolpath. The AM machine precisely controls the deposition process, ensuring the accuracy and integrity of the structure. Various printing technologies, such as fused deposition modeling (FDM), stereolithography (SLA), and selective laser sintering (SLS), can be used depending on the material and application.5. Post-ProcessingAfter the printing process, the AM structure undergoes post-processing steps to enhance its performance and durability. These steps may include removing support structures, sanding, polishing, coating, and heat treatment. Post-processing techniques are tailored to the specific material and application, aiming to optimize the mechanical, chemical, and aesthetic properties of the structure.6. Quality Assurance and InspectionQuality assurance and inspection are integral parts of the AM process, ensuring the compliance of the final structure with design specifications and performance requirements. Non-destructive testing methods, such as X-ray computed tomography (CT) and optical microscopy, are used to evaluate the internal structure and material properties of the AM part. Dimensional accuracy, surface finish, and mechanical properties are also assessed to ensurethe quality of the final product.7. Integration and ApplicationThe final stage of the AM process involves the integration and application of the manufactured structure. This may involve assembling the part with other components, testing its performance in the intended application, and making any necessary adjustments or modifications. The successful integration and application of AM structures demonstrate the potential of this technology in various industries, including aerospace, automotive, medical, and consumer products.中文对照翻译：增材制造（AM）结构全过程技术体系增材制造（AM），通常被称为3D打印，是一个革命性的过程，允许以逐层的方式从数字模型中创建复杂的结构。

物流专业英语术语Bill of Lading 提单（B/L）On Board (Shipped) B/L 已装船提单Named B/L 记名提单Bearer B/L 不记名提单Order B/L 指示提单Clean B/L 清洁提单Multi-modal(或Inter-modal或combined) transport B/L 多式联运提单Anti-dated B/L 倒签提单Blank Endorsement 空白背书Charter Party (C/P) 租船合同(租约)Voyage charter party 航次租船合同Time Charter Party 定期租船合同Bareboat (demise) Charter Party光船租船合同Single trip C/P 单航次租船合同Return trip C/P 往返航次租船合同Voyage Charter Party on Time Basis航次期租合同Notice of Readiness (NOR)船舶准备就绪通知书International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code (IMDG)国际海上危险品货物规则(国际危规)Shipping Order (S/O) 装货单(下货纸)Mate’s Receipt 收货单Loading List 装货清单Cargo Manifest 载货清单(货物舱单)Inward cargo 进港货Outward cargo 出港货Container yard (CY) 集装箱堆场Full Container Load (FCL) 整箱货Less Container Load (LCL) 拼箱货Dock receipt 场站收据Liner transport 班轮运输Back (return) load 回程货Break-bulk cargo 零担货物Bulk cargo 散装货Bulk carrier 散货船Closing date 截至日Consecutive voyages 连续航程Consignee 收货人Consignor 发货人Consignment 托运；托运的货物Consolidation (groupage) 拼箱Conveyor belt 传送带Crane 起重机Deadweight cargo (carrying)capacity 载货量Deck cargo 甲板货Door to door 门到门运输Estimated time of completion (ETC)预计完成时间Estimated time of departure (ETD)预计离港时间Estimated time of readiness (ETR)预计准备就绪时间Estimated time of sailing (ETS)预计航行时间Exceptions clause 免责条款Force majeure 不可抗力Fork-lift truck 铲车Freight payable at destination=Freight collect运费到付Freight prepaid 运费预付Freight quotation 运费报价Freight rate (=rate of freight) 运费率Tariff 费率表Freight tariff 运费费率表Freighter 货船Gantry crane 门式起重机(门吊) General average 共同海损General average act 共同海损行为General average contribution共同海损分摊General average sacrifice共同海损牺牲General cargo (=generals) 杂货Gross weight(GW) 毛重Hague Rules 海牙规则Hamburg Rules 汉堡规则Marks and numbers 唛头On-carriage 货运中转Refrigerated (reefer)container冷藏集装箱Return cargo 回程货Return load 回程装载Roll-on roll-off ship 滚装船Shipbroker 船舶经纪人Tally clerk 理货员Tally sheet (或book) 理货单Trailer 拖车Voyage (trip) charter 航次租船With effect from (w.e.f) 自生效International Civil Aviation Organization(ICAO)国际民用航空组织International Air Transport Association (IATA) 国际航空运输协会Scheduled Airline 班机运输Chartered Carrier 包机运输Air Express 航空快递Air Waybill 航空运单Chargeable Weight 计费重量High density cargo 重货Low density cargo 轻货Declared value for Customs海关声明价值LOGISTICS INDUSTRY 物流产业LOGISTICS ACTIVITY 物流活动LOGISTICS OPERATION 物流作业LOGISTICS COST 物流成本LOGISTICS NETWORK 物流网络LOGISTICS ALLIANCE 物流联盟BUSINESS LOGISTICS 企业物流SOCIETAL LOGISTICS 社会物流THIRD-PARTY LOGISTICS (TPL)第三方物流CUSTOMIZATION LOGISTICS定制物流SUPPLY CHAIN 供应链SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT (SCM) 供应链管理SUPPLY CHIAN INTEGRATION供应链整合INTEGRATED LOGISTICS 综合物流MATERIAL REQUIREMENT PLANNING (MRP I) 物料需求计划MANUFACTURING RESOURCE PLANNING (MRP II) 制造资源计划DISTRIBUTION REQUIREMENT PLANNING (DRP I) 配送需求计划DISTRIBUTION RESOURCE PLANNING (DRP II) 配送资源计划LOSGISTICS RESOURCE PLANNING (LRP) 物流资源计划ENTERPRISE RESOURCE PLANNING (ERP) 企业资源计划QUICK RESPONSE (QR) 快速反应EFFICIENT CUSTOMER RESPONSE (ECR) 有效客户反应CONTINUOUS REPLENISHMENT PROGRAM (CRP) 连续补充库存计划COMPUTER ASSISTED ORDERING(CAO) 计算机辅助订货系统VENDOR MANAGED INVENTORY (VMI) 供应商管理库存ELECTRONIC ORDER SYSTEM (EOS) 电子订货系统ADVANCED SHIPPING NOTICE (ASN) 预先发货通知DIRECT STORE DELIVERY (DSD) 店铺直送POINT OF SALE (POS)销售时点(信息)系统AUTOMATIC REPLENISHMENT (AR) 自动补货系统JUST IN TIME (JIT) 准时制OUTSOURCING业务外包(外协、外购)INVENTORY CONTROL 存货控制BONDED WAREHOUSE 保税仓库AUTOMATIC WAREHOUSE自动化仓库STEREOSCOPIC WAREHOUSE立体仓库WAREHOUSE LAYOUT 仓库布局WAREHOUSE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM (WMS) 仓库管理系统ECONOMIC ORDER QUANTITY(EOQ) 经济订货批量FIXED-QUANTITY SYSTEM (FQS) 定量订货方式FIXED-INTERVAL SYSTEM (FIS)定期订货方式ABC CLASSIFICIATION ABC分类法DISTRIBUTION CENTRE (DC)配送(分拨)中心SAFETY STOCK 安全库存LEAD TIME 备货时间INVENTORY CYCLE TIME库存周期CROSS DOCKING 交叉配送(换装)ORDER PICKING 拣选GOODS COLLECTION 集货DISTRIBUTION PROCESSING流通加工ZERO INVENTORY 零库存BAR CODE 条形码ELECTRONIC DATA INTERCHANGE (EDI) 电子数据交换RADIO FREQUENCY (RF) 无线射频GLOBAL POSITIONING SYSTEM (GPS) 全球定位系统GEOGRAPHICAL INFORMATION SYSTEM (GIS) 地理信息系统。

先进制造的英文作文怎么写Title: Advancements in Manufacturing。

In today's rapidly evolving technological landscape, advancements in manufacturing play a pivotal role indriving economic growth, innovation, and competitiveness on a global scale. From automation and robotics to additive manufacturing and artificial intelligence, the realm of manufacturing has undergone transformative changes, revolutionizing traditional processes and unlocking new possibilities. In this essay, we will explore the key advancements in manufacturing and their implications for various industries.One of the most prominent advancements in manufacturing is the integration of automation and robotics into production processes. Automation technologies have significantly enhanced efficiency, precision, and productivity in manufacturing facilities across diverse sectors, ranging from automotive and electronics topharmaceuticals and aerospace. Automated systems perform tasks with unparalleled speed and accuracy, reducing human error and optimizing resource utilization. Moreover, robotics enable the execution of complex operations with flexibility and reliability, enabling manufacturers to adapt swiftly to changing market demands and customize products according to specific requirements.Another groundbreaking development in manufacturing is additive manufacturing, commonly known as 3D printing. This revolutionary technology enables the fabrication ofintricate components and structures layer by layer, using a diverse range of materials including plastics, metals, ceramics, and composites. Additive manufacturing offers unparalleled design freedom, allowing engineers to create geometries that were previously unattainable with conventional manufacturing methods. Moreover, itfacilitates rapid prototyping, iterative design cycles, and on-demand production, thereby reducing time-to-market and enabling cost-effective customization.Furthermore, artificial intelligence (AI) is drivingtransformative changes in manufacturing, empowering machines with cognitive capabilities to perceive, reason, and make decisions autonomously. AI algorithms analyze vast amounts of data generated from sensors, machines, and production processes to optimize performance, predict maintenance needs, and enhance quality control. Machine learning algorithms enable adaptive manufacturing systems that continuously learn from experience and improve over time, enabling manufacturers to achieve unprecedentedlevels of efficiency, flexibility, and reliability.In addition to these technological advancements, sustainability has emerged as a critical imperative in modern manufacturing practices. With growing concerns about environmental degradation and resource depletion, manufacturers are increasingly adopting eco-friendly processes and materials to minimize their ecological footprint. Renewable energy sources, such as solar and wind power, are being integrated into manufacturing facilities to reduce reliance on fossil fuels and mitigate greenhouse gas emissions. Furthermore, circular economy principles are being embraced to promote resource efficiency, wastereduction, and product lifecycle optimization, thereby fostering a more sustainable and resilient manufacturing ecosystem.Moreover, the advent of smart factories, enabled by the Internet of Things (IoT) and cyber-physical systems, is revolutionizing the way manufacturing operations are managed and optimized. Connected sensors and devicescollect real-time data from equipment and processes, enabling proactive maintenance, predictive analytics, and dynamic resource allocation. Through interconnected networks and cloud-based platforms, stakeholders have access to actionable insights and decision-support tools, enabling agile and data-driven decision-making.In conclusion, advancements in manufacturing are reshaping industries, economies, and societies, driving unprecedented levels of innovation, efficiency, and sustainability. From automation and robotics to additive manufacturing and artificial intelligence, these technological breakthroughs are empowering manufacturers to reimagine possibilities, optimize processes, and createvalue in an increasingly competitive global marketplace. As we embrace the era of Industry 4.0, it is imperative for businesses, policymakers, and society at large to harness the transformative potential of advanced manufacturing for the benefit of all.。

GGantry crane 门式起重机(门吊)gear box变速器Gencon 金康航次租船合同General average 共同海损General average act 共同海损行为General average contribution 共同海损分摊General average sacrifice 共同海损牺牲General cargo (generals) 杂货General Cargo Rates (GCR) 普通货物运价General purpose container 多用途集装箱Geographical rotation 地理顺序geographical information system (gis) 地理信息系统Germanischer Lloyd (G.L.) 德国船级社global positioning system (GPS) 全球定位系统goods collection 集货goods shed 料棚goods shelf 货架goods stack 货垛goods yard 货场Grabbing crane 抓斗起重机Grain or grain capacity 散装舱容Greenwich Mean Time (G.M.T.) 格林威治时间Gross Dead Weight Tonnage 总载重吨位Gross Registered Tonnage (GRT) 注册(容积)总吨gross requirements 毛需求Gross weight(GW) 毛重Grounding 触底GT (group technology) 成组技术Gunny bag 麻袋Gunny matting 麻垫HHague Rules 海牙规则Hague-Visby Rules 海牙维斯比规则Hamburg Rules 汉堡规则Hand hook 手钩handle with care 小心轻放Handling/carrying搬运Handymax 杂散货船Handy-sized bulker 小型散货船Harbour 海港Harbour dues 港务费Hatch (hatch cover) 舱盖Hatchway 舱口Head charter (charter party) 主租船合同Head charterer 主租船人Heavy fuel oil (H.F.O) 重油Heavy lift 超重货物Heavy lift additional (surcharge) 超重附加费Heavy lift derrick 重型吊杆Heavy weather 恶劣天气hedge inventory 囤积库存High density cargo 重货Hire statement 租金单Hold 船舱Home port 船籍港Homogeneous cargo 同种货物Hook 吊钩Hopper 漏斗House Air Waybill (HAWB) 航空分运单House B/L 运输代理行提单House Bill of Lading 运输代理行提单Hovercraft 气垫船Husbandry 维修Humldity controlled space控湿储存区Hyper Production Style 混合生产FFAS (final assembly schedule) 总装进度Fairway 航道favorable variance 有利差异FCS (finite capacity scheduling) 有限能力计划feature 特征件Feeder service 支线运输服务Feeder ship 支线船Ferry 渡轮financial accounting 财务会计financial entity 财务实体finite forward scheduling 有限顺排计划finite loading 有限排负荷firm-planned order 确定定单firm-planned time fence 确定计划时单First class ship 一级船fixed-interval system (fis) 定期订货方式fixed period requirements 定期用量法fixed-quantity system(fqs) 定量订货方式Fixture Note 租船确认书Flag of convenience (FOC) 方便旗船flatbed拖车Flatcar平板车Floating crane 浮吊Floating dock 浮坞floor stock,bulk item 作业现场库存flow of exchange商流flow of material物流flow of cash 资金流FMS (flexible manufacturing system) 柔性制造系统Fork lift truck叉车Force majeure 不可抗力forklift叉车，叉式升降装卸车Fork-lift truck 铲车formal system 规范化管理系统form utility形状效应forward scheduling 顺排计划FOQ (fixed order quantity) 固定批量法Forty foot equivalent unit (FEU) 四十英尺集装箱换算单位Four-way pallet 四边开槽托盘fragile 易碎品frame车架franchised outlet 加盟店Free In (FI) 船方不负责装费Free In and Out (FIO) 船方不负责装卸费Free In and Out ，Stowed and Trimmed (FIOST) 船方不负责装卸、理舱和平舱费Free Out (FO) 船方不负责卸费Freeboard 干Freeze space冷冻区Freight all kinds (FAK) 包干运费Freight canvasser 揽货员freight claim---货物赔偿的要求Freight collect (freight payable at destination) 运费到付Freight manifest 运费舱单Freight prepaid 运费预付Freight quotation 运费报价Freight rate (rate of freight) 运费率Freight tariff 运费费率表Freight ton (FT) 运费吨Freighter 货船Fresh water load line 淡水载重线Fridays and holidays excepted (F.H.E.X .) 星期五和节假日除外front axle前轴fuel supply system供给系Full and complete cargo 满舱满载货Full and down 满舱满载Full Container Load (FCL) 整箱货Full Container Ship 全集装箱船full-load满载full-service distribution company (fsdc) 全方位物流服务公司Fumigation Charge 熏蒸费LLabor productivity劳动生产率Laden 满载的Laden draught 满载吃水Land bridge 陆桥Land bridge transport大陆桥运输Landing charges 卸桥费Landing storage and delivery 卸货、仓储和送货费Lash 用绳绑扎Lashings 绑扎物Latitude 纬度Laydays (laytime) 装卸货时间Lay up 搁置不用Lay-by berth 候载停泊区Laydays (laytime) 装卸货时间Laydays canceling (Laycan或L/C) 销约期Laytime saved 节省的装卸时间Laytime statement 装卸时间计算表Laytime statement 装卸时间记录lead time 提前期lead time offset 提前期偏置Leakage-proof 防漏lean logistics 精益物流lean production 精益生产least slack per operation 最小单个工序平均时差Leg (of a voyage) 航段Length overall (overall length ,简称LOA) (船舶)总长Less Container Load (LCL) 拼箱货Less than container load (LCL) 拼箱货less-than-truckload零担货物LTLLetter of indemnity 担保书(函)liable to tip 易于翻倒Lien 留置权Lift-on lift-off (LO-LO) 吊上吊下Light Displacement 轻排水量Lighter 驳船Limitation of liability 责任限制Line (shipping line) 航运公司line-haul---长途运输，干线运输Liner ( liner ship) 班轮Liner in free out (LIFO) 运费不包括卸货费Liner terms 班轮条件Liner transport 班轮运输live pilot 应用模拟Lloyd's Register of Shipping 劳埃德船级社Load (Loaded)Displacement 满载排水量Loading and unloading装卸Loading hatch 装货口Loading List 装货清单Loadline (load line) 载重线Log abstract 航海日志摘录Log book 航行日志logistics 物流,后勤保证体系logistics activity 物流活动logistics alliance 物流联盟logistics centre 物流中心logistics cost 物流成本Logistics cost control物流成本管理logistics documents 物流单证logistics enterprise 物流企业logistics industry 物流产业logistics modulus 物流模数logistics network 物流网络logistics operation 物流作业Logistics resource planning （LRP）物流资源计划Logistics strategy物流战略Logistics strategy management物流战略管理Long Form B/L 全式提单Long length additional 超长附加费Long ton 长吨Longitude 经度logistics resource planning (LRP) 物流资源计划lot-for-lot 因需定量法lot size进货批量lot size inventory 批量库存lot sizing 批量规则Low density cargo 轻货low-lever code 低层码lubricating system润滑系Lump sum charter 整笔运费租赁Lump-sum freight 整船包价运费Jjob shop 机群式布置车间Jettison 抛货Just in time（JIT）准时制Just一in一time 1ogistics准时制物流Joint service 联合服务Joint distribution共同配送Joint survey 联合检验Jumbo derrick 重型吊杆Jurisdiction (Litigation)clause 管辖权条款just in time (jit) 准时制. Kkeep upright 勿倒置keep in a dry place 在干燥处保管keep in a cool place 在冷处保管keep away from boilers 远离锅炉keep away from heat 请勿受热keep away from cold 请勿受冷keep dry 防湿keep away from moisture 怕湿keep away form cold 怕冷kitting 配套出售件Knot 航速(节)Ice-breaker 破冰船Identity of carrier clause 承运人责任条款Idle (船舶、设备)闲置Idle formality 例行手续Idle material 呆料ignition system点火系Immediate rebate 直接回扣Import entry 进口报关In apparent good order and condition 外表状况良好In bulk散装化Indicative mark 指示性标志Indemnity 赔偿indented BOM 缩排式物料清单independent demand 独立需求Inducement 起运量Inducement cargo 起运量货物infinite loading 无限排负荷inflammable 易燃品inflammable gas 易燃气体inflammable solid 易燃固体inflammable liquid 易燃液体Inflation adjustment factor ( IAF) 通货膨胀膨胀调整系数informal system 非规范化管理Infrastructure (of a port) (港口)基础设施Inherent vice 固有缺陷Inland container depot 内陆集装箱input/output control 投入/产出控制Inspection检验Institute Warranty Limits (IWL) (伦敦保险人)协会保证航行范围Insufficient packing 包装不足Intaken weight 装运重量integrated logistics 综合物流Intermodal transportation多式联运，联合运输International Air Transport Association (IATA) 国际航空运输协会International Association of Classification Societies (IACS) 国际船级社协会International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) 国际民用航空组织International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code (IMDG) 国际海上危险品货物规则(国际危规)International Maritime Organization (IMO) 国际海事组织International multimdal transport国际多式联运International through railway transport 国际铁路联运International Transport Workers’ Federation (ITF) 国际运输工人联合会internal logistics企业物流international logistics 国际物流In-transit inventory在途库存inventory 库存inventory control 存货控制inventory cycle time 库存周期inventory turnover/turns 库存(资金)周转次数Inward 进港的Inward cargo 进港货Inward cargo 进港货物Itinerary 航海日程表item 物料item master 物料主文件。

零件毛坯的制造流程English Answer:Part Blank Manufacturing Process.Part blank manufacturing is a crucial process in the production of various components used in different industries. The process involves transforming raw materials into semi-finished forms, known as blanks, which serve asthe basis for subsequent machining and finishing operations. Here is a detailed overview of the part blank manufacturing process:Raw Material Selection:The first step in part blank manufacturing is selecting the appropriate raw material based on the desiredproperties and application of the final component. Common raw materials used include metals, polymers, and composites.Material Preparation:Before shaping the raw material into a blank, it undergoes preparation processes such as cleaning, heat treatment, and surface preparation to enhance its workability and ensure optimal results.Blank Formation:The raw material is transformed into a blank through various forming processes. These processes include:Casting: Molten metal is poured into a mold cavity and allowed to solidify, taking the shape of the mold.Forging: Metal is heated and shaped under high pressure using dies and hammers.Extrusion: Metal or plastic is forced through a die to create a continuous profile.Rolling: Metal is passed between rollers to reduce itsthickness and produce flat or shaped blanks.Stamping: A press with a die cuts or shapes metal or plastic sheets into blanks.Blank Finishing:After forming, the blank may undergo additional finishing operations to improve its surface quality, dimensional accuracy, and overall functionality. These operations include:Machining: Removing excess material from the blank using cutting tools to achieve precise dimensions and features.Grinding: Abrasive wheels are used to smooth or refine the blank's surface.Heat Treatment: The blank is subjected to controlled heating and cooling cycles to enhance its strength, hardness, or other properties.Coating: The blank's surface is coated with protective or functional layers through processes like electroplating, anodizing, or painting.Quality Control:Throughout the part blank manufacturing process, rigorous quality control measures are implemented to ensure that the blanks meet the specified requirements. This involves inspections, testing, and documentation to guarantee the consistency and reliability of the manufactured blanks.Applications:Part blanks are used in a wide range of industries, including automotive, aerospace, construction, and medical. They serve as the foundation for producing complex components, such as engine blocks, aircraft parts, building structures, and surgical instruments.Conclusion:The part blank manufacturing process is a multifaceted operation that involves selecting raw materials, preparing them, forming the blanks, finishing them, and ensuring quality. By adhering to strict standards and utilizing advanced technologies, manufacturers can produce high-quality part blanks that meet the demands of various industries.Chinese Answer:零件毛坯的制造流程。

四层三结双极型晶体管制造流程英文回答：The manufacturing process of a four-layer three-junction bipolar transistor involves several steps. Let me walk you through the process.1. Epitaxial Growth: The first step is to grow a thin layer of semiconductor material on a substrate. This is done through a process called epitaxy. For example, in the case of a silicon transistor, a layer of silicon is deposited on a silicon wafer.2. Base Diffusion: In this step, impurities are introduced into the epitaxial layer to create the base region of the transistor. The impurities are diffused into the silicon substrate using techniques such as ion implantation or thermal diffusion. This step determines the conductivity and doping concentration of the base region.3. Emitter Diffusion: Similar to the base diffusion, impurities are introduced into the base region to create the emitter region. The doping concentration of the emitter region is higher than that of the base region, which allows for the desired transistor characteristics.4. Collector Diffusion: In this step, the collector region is formed by introducing impurities into the substrate. The doping concentration of the collector region is usually lower than that of the base region.5. Metallization: After the diffusion steps, metal contacts are added to the transistor structure to provide electrical connections. These metal contacts are typically made of materials such as aluminum or gold. The metal contacts are patterned using photolithography techniques to ensure proper alignment and contact with the transistor regions.6. Passivation: To protect the transistor from external influences and improve its reliability, a passivation layer is deposited on top of the transistor structure. This layeracts as a barrier against moisture, contaminants, and mechanical stress.7. Packaging: Once the transistor is fabricated, it needs to be packaged to provide electrical connections and protect it from environmental factors. The transistor is typically mounted on a lead frame and encapsulated in a plastic or ceramic package. The package also provides mechanical support and heat dissipation for the transistor.中文回答：四层三结双极型晶体管的制造流程包括多个步骤。

Manufacturing Systems Engineering Manufacturing Systems Engineering is a complex and multi-faceted field that plays a crucial role in the production of goods and products across various industries. As a manufacturing systems engineer, one must have a deep understanding of the principles of engineering, as well as the ability to design, implement, and optimize manufacturing processes and systems. This involves a wide range of tasks, including analyzing production requirements, designing production layouts, selecting and implementing manufacturing equipment, and ensuring the efficiency and quality of the manufacturing process. One of the key challenges in manufacturing systems engineering is the need to continuously improve and optimize production processes. This requires a deep understanding of the various factors that can impact the efficiency and effectiveness of manufacturing systems, including the performance of equipment, the skills and training of the workforce, and the integration of new technologies. As a manufacturing systems engineer, it is essential to constantly evaluate and analyze these factors in order to identify areas for improvement and implement changes that can enhance the overall performance of the manufacturing system. Another important aspect of manufacturing systems engineering is the need to balance efficiency and cost-effectiveness with quality and safety. This requires a careful and strategic approach to designing and implementing manufacturing processes, as well as a strong focus on continuous improvement and quality control. It is essential to ensure that manufacturing systems are not only efficient and cost-effective, but also meet the highest standards of quality and safety in order to ensure the reliability and integrity of the products being produced. In addition totechnical skills and knowledge, successful manufacturing systems engineers also need to possess strong leadership and communication skills. This is because they often work as part of multidisciplinary teams, collaborating with professionals from various fields such as mechanical engineering, electrical engineering, and industrial design. Effective communication and leadership skills are essential for coordinating and managing these teams, as well as for effectively conveying ideas and plans to stakeholders and decision-makers within the organization. Furthermore, manufacturing systems engineering also involves a significant amountof problem-solving and decision-making. Engineers in this field are often faced with complex and challenging problems that require innovative and creative solutions. This can range from optimizing production processes to troubleshooting equipment failures, and requires a combination of technical expertise, critical thinking, and problem-solving skills. The ability to think analytically and strategically is crucial for identifying and addressing the root causes of problems, as well as for developing and implementing effective solutions that can improve the overall performance of the manufacturing system. Moreover, the field of manufacturing systems engineering is constantly evolving, driven by advancements in technology and changes in the global market. This means that engineers in this field need to stay up-to-date with the latest developments and trends in manufacturing technology, as well as the changing demands and expectations of consumers. This requires a commitment to lifelong learning and professional development, as well as a willingness to adapt and embrace new technologies and methodologies in order to remain competitive and relevant in the industry. In conclusion, manufacturing systems engineering is a dynamic and challenging field that requires a diverse set of skills and knowledge. From technical expertise and problem-solving skills to leadership and communication abilities, successful manufacturing systems engineers must possess a wide range of competencies in order to effectively design, implement, and optimize manufacturing processes and systems. With the right combination of skills, knowledge, and a commitment to continuous improvement, manufacturing systems engineers can play a crucial role in driving innovation and success in the manufacturing industry.。

产品二次成型的英语表达Product Secondary Forming.In the realm of manufacturing and material processing, product secondary forming refers to the process of modifying or shaping a product that has already undergone an initial forming or manufacturing stage. This process is often utilized to enhance the product's functionality, aesthetics, or to meet specific design requirements. Secondary forming techniques are diverse and range from precision machining to thermal treatments, each tailored to the material and desired outcome.Introduction to Secondary Forming.The concept of secondary forming is rooted in the need for flexibility and adaptability in the manufacturing process. As products become more complex and demand for customization increases, manufacturers often find it necessary to refine or modify a product after its initialformation. Secondary forming allows for such adjustments, whether it's to correct defects, improve fit and finish, or to incorporate additional features.Types of Secondary Forming Techniques.1. Machining.One of the most common methods of secondary forming is machining, which utilizes various tools and cutting techniques to remove material from a workpiece. This can be done manually or with the aid of computer-controlled machines, such as CNC (Computer Numerical Control) lathes and mills. Machining is suitable for a wide range of materials, including metals, plastics, and composites.Common machining operations include drilling, milling, turning, grinding, and boring. These techniques allow for precise removal of material to achieve the desired shape, size, and finish.2. Forming.Forming techniques, such as stamping, bending, and rolling, involve the application of force to deform a workpiece into a new shape. These methods are often used for metals and alloys, where.。