必修三课堂练习

第四课准确把握概念同步练习一、单选题1．“正方形是平面上每个内角都是直角的四边形。

”这个定义()A．正确,符合定义种差加属概念的原则B．正确,符合定义应遵循的规则C．错误,犯了“定义过窄”的逻辑错误D．错误,犯了“定义过宽”的逻辑错误2．2021年9月8日，在巴基斯坦政府的倡议下，阿富汗6个邻国的外长以视频会议的方式进行了外长会议，就阿富汗问题进行了讨论。

此|次会谈结束后，中方领衔发布了声明。

在“中国是阿富汗最大邻国”这个命题中，“阿富汗最大邻国”和“中国”这两个概念是（）A．全同关系B．反对关系C．全异关系D．交叉关系3．2021年8月20日，十三届全国人大常委会第三十次会议通过的个人信息保护法指出，个人信息是以电子或者其他方式记录的与已识别或者可识别的自然人有关的各种信息，不包括匿名化处理后的信息。

下面关于个人信息的内涵和外延说法正确的是（）A．个人信息的内涵揭示的是其“量”的规定性，反映的是“有哪些”B．个人信息的外延揭示的是其“量”的规定性，反映的是“有哪些”C．个人信息的内涵揭示的是其“质”的规定性，反映的是“有哪些”D．个人信息的外延揭示的是其“质”的规定性，反映的是“有哪些”4．2021年8月25日，我国两院院士、我国爆炸力学的奠基人和开拓者郑哲敏，因病医治无效，在北京逝世，享年97岁。

在“郑哲敏是我国两院院士”命题中，“郑哲敏”和“我国两院院士”这两个概念的关系是（）①相容关系①全同关系①种属关系①属种关系A．①①B．①①C．①①D．①①5．2021年8月17日召开的中共中央财经委员会第十次会议强调，要发挥第三次分配的作用。

第三次分配是指在道德力量的推动下，通过个人自愿捐赠而进行的分配。

下列符合这一概念的是（）①农民通过土地流转获得的收入①事业单位人员的基本工资、奖金和津贴①某众筹平台为病人筹集的善款①某爱心慈善基金会为灾区捐款捐物A．①①B．①①C．①①D．①①不属于民事合同的一项是（）A．买卖合同B．借贷合同C．房屋租赁合同D．农村土地承包合同7．有人认为，鱼分为淡水鱼、咸水鱼和鲸鱼。

第4课宋明理学一、教材分析本课是高中历史必修3（岳麓版）第一单元的第4课。

《课程标准》对本课的要求是“列举宋明理学的代表人物，说明宋明时期儒学的发展”，对本单元的整体要求是“了解中国传统文化主流思想的演变”。

儒家思想是中国传统文化的主流思想。

它的演变过程是适应时代和社会发展要求，不断更新和调整的过程。

宋明理学是这一过程中的重要阶段。

宋明时期，儒学思想吸收佛道两教的长处，发展成完整的哲学体系，更加适应统治阶级的需要，并最终占据官方统治思想地位。

本课上承魏晋儒学的危机和唐宋三教合一的潮流，下启明清时期进步思想家们对理学的反思和批判，在教材中具有突出地位。

二、学生分析经过一年的高中历史学习，学生们已经基本适应高中历史的讲述方式，基本掌握了自主获取知识的能力和方法，也具有了一定独立思考的能力和初步的辩证分析问题的能力。

而且经过前几课的学习，学生已初步对儒学的发展有了一定的认识理解。

但是因为本课内容主要研究思想理论，所以比较抽象，部分内容还有一定的难度，需要一定的哲学知识作基础，所以部分学生可能感到无趣和难以理解。

针对上述情况，确定本课的教学目标如下：三、教学目标1、知识与能力了解宋明理学兴起的原因，理学的代表人物及其主要观点，分析宋明时期儒学的新发展及其对社会生活的影响，培养学生理解古代思想家主要学术观点的能力。

2、过程与方法结合教材内容的学习，通过设计问题，拓展资料，联系实际，启发学生主动参与课堂探究，加深对宋明理学的认识。

3、情感态度与价值观认识宋明理学是儒学发展到新阶段的表现，感受理学中积极有益的精神价值，进一步加深对中华民族传统文化的理解和认识，增强民族自信心和自豪感。

四、重点、难点1、重点：宋明理学的代表人物和主要观点。

●确定理由：掌握宋明理学的代表人物和主要观点，是准确说明儒家思想在宋明时期发展的前提和基本条件，也是落实课程标准要求、实现知识能力目标的保证。

●突破策略：利用课前的自主学习和课堂上教师的提问，讲解，借助补充资料和巩固训练帮助学生掌握。

第6课中国古代的科学技术一、选择题1.下列人物取得的成就被外国学者称为“使西方望尘莫及并改变世界面貌”的是( )A.李时珍、毕昇B.毕昇、蔡伦C.蔡伦、郭守敬D.李时珍、郭守敬2.古书多以绵长的卷轴形式呈现,到宋朝则多为单页,并“作蝴蝶装,直立架中如西书式,糊浆极坚牢”。

藏书者也随之显著增多,家藏万卷甚至十万卷者大有人在。

这种情况出现的主要原因是( )A.印刷术的革新B.造纸术的改进C.装订技术的提高D.科举制的盛行3.1930年在甘肃北部居延汉代烽燧遗址中出土了汉代木简。

它记录了这座烽燧所拥有的兵器及其他驻屯军用品的数目,其中有东汉和帝“永元”的纪年。

对上述信息的认识正确的是( )A.活字印刷术起源于木简刻字B.为便于流传,弃纸而用木简C.木简上的文字应该是楷书D.木简仍是当时重要的书写载体4.孔多塞所著的《人类精神进步史表纲要》,在评价中国的四大发明时说:“铁盔铁甲,几乎是无懈可击的骑术,使用长矛、长枪或刀剑——这种贵族对平民所具有的优势终于全都消逝了;而摧毁对人类自由和对他们的真正平等的最后这道障碍的,却是由于最初一眼看去似乎是在威胁着要消灭整个人类的这样一种发明。

”这项发明是( ) A.指南针 B.火药C.造纸术D.印刷术5.楚汉之争中,有这样一个故事:韩信投靠刘邦后,被派去管理杂乱无章的粮仓,但很快韩信就把新谷、陈粮分开,而且新谷、陈粮的数量统计得非常清楚。

他的这些智慧最可能记载于( )A.《石氏星表》B.《九章算术》C.《齐民要术》D.《黄帝内经》6.在“中国科普博览——中国古代科技馆”网站的首页,页面设置了天文、指南针、火药、造纸、印刷、青铜冶炼、机械、纺织、建筑、陶瓷、中医药等十一项链接。

如果再添加一项新的网页链接,最合适的是( )A.浑象仪B.翻车C.赵州桥D.数学7.李约瑟在评论《九章算术》时说:“从它的社会根源来看……并且专门致力于统治官员所要解决的问题。

土地的丈量、谷仓容积、堤坝和河渠的修建、税收、兑换率……‘为数学’而数学的场合极少。

一、基础巩固知识点一文化影响人的来源和表现1．文化对人的影响来自于()①特定的文化环境②一定时期的政治生活③各种形式的文化活动④一定阶段的经济活动A．①②B．①③C．②④D．①④解析：选B。

本题考查教材基础知识。

文化对人的影响来自于特定的文化环境和各种形式的文化活动，故应选B项。

2．文化对人的影响主要表现在两个方面，即文化影响人们的()①交往行为和交往方式②心理素质③实践活动、认识活动和思维方式④身体健康A．①②B．③④C．①③D．②④解析：选C。

本题考查课本基础知识。

文化影响人们的交往行为、交往方式、实践活动、认识活动和思维方式。

知识点二文化影响人的特点3．阅读文学作品、欣赏艺术表演、外出旅游观光、参加体育活动等，或得到思想的启示、精神的享受，或产生思想的困惑、精神的失落。

对此认识正确的是()①文化对人的影响具有潜移默化的特点②文化对人的影响总是通过一定的文化形式来实现③文化氛围看不见、摸不着，无时无刻不在影响人的思想和行为④参加各种文化活动都是培养健全人格的重要途径A．①②③B．①③④C．②③④D．①②④解析：选A。

培养健全人格的重要途径是积极参加健康有益的文化活动，不断丰富自身的精神世界，故④错误，应排除。

4．举头望明月，低头思故乡——李白；露从今夜白，月是故乡明——杜甫。

从文化的角度分析，作者之所以产生这种情感是因为()A．世界观、人生观、价值观是文化素养的核心和标志B．文化需要经历长期的生活阅历和学习过程才能形成C．文化对人的影响是深远持久的D．文化对人的影响体现在综合素质上解析：选C。

本题所要考查的知识点是文化对人的深远持久的影响，这种影响表现在交往方式、思维方式上，也表现在生活方式的各个方面。

两句思乡的诗句正是体现了对故乡难以割舍的情感影响人。

二、能力提升5．不同时代占统治地位的价值观念不同，人们在交往中采取的方式也不同，例如，在封建社会受封建伦理的影响，人们必须遵循封建等级规范的交往方式。

数学必修三习题答案【篇一：高一数学必修3全册各章节课堂同步习题(详解答案)】概念班次姓名[自我认知]:1．下面的结论正确的是( ).a. 一个程序的算法步骤是可逆的b. 一个算法可以无止境地运算下去的 c. 完成一件事情的算法有且只有一种 d. 设计算法要本着简单方便的原则 2．下面对算法描述正确的一项是 ( ). a.算法只能用自然语言来描述 b.算法只能用图形方式来表示 c.同一问题可以有不同的算法d.同一问题的算法不同,结果必然不同3．下面哪个不是算法的特征( ) a.抽象性 b.精确性 c.有穷性 d.唯一性4．算法的有穷性是指( )a.算法必须包含输出b.算法中每个操作步骤都是可执行的c.算法的步骤必须有限d.以上说法均不正确5.早上从起床到出门需要洗脸刷牙(5min)、刷水壶(2min)、烧水(8min)、泡面(3min)、吃饭(10min)、听广播(8min)几个步骤,从下列选项中选最好的一种算法() a.s1洗脸刷牙、s2刷水壶、s3烧水、s4泡面、s5吃饭、s6听广播 b.s1刷水壶、s2烧水同时洗脸刷牙、s3泡面、s4吃饭、s5听广播 c. s1刷水壶、s2烧水同时洗脸刷牙、s3泡面、s4吃饭同时听广播 d.s1吃饭同时听广播、s2泡面；s3烧水同时洗脸刷牙；s4刷水壶6.看下面的四段话,其中不是解决问题的算法是( )a.从济南到北京旅游,先坐火车,再坐飞机抵达b.解一元一次方程的步骤是去分母、去括号、移项、合并同类项、系数化为1c.方程x2?1?0有两个实根d.求1+2+3+4+5的值,先计算1+2=3,再计算3+3=6,6+4=10,10+5=15,最终结果为15 7.已知直角三角形两直角边长为a,b,求斜边长c的一个算法分下列三步：①计算c?a,b的值；③输出斜边长c的值,其中正确的顺序是 ( ) a.①②③ b.②③①c.①③②d.②①③[课后练习]:8.若f?x?在区间?a,b?内单调,且f?a??f?b??0,则f?x?在区间?a,b?内( )a.至多有一个根 b.至少有一个根c.恰好有一个根 d.不确定9.已知一个学生的语文成绩为89,数学成绩为96,外语成绩为99.求他的总分和平均成绩的一个算法为：第一步：取a=89 ,b=96 ,c=99；第二步：____①______；第三步：_____②_____；第四步：输出计算的结果.10．写出求1+2+3+4+5+6+?+100的一个算法.可运用公式1+2+3+?+n= 第一步______①_______；第二步_______②________；第三步输出计算的结果.12.写出按从小到大的顺序重新排列x,y,z三个数值的算法.n(n?1)直接计算. 21.1．2程序框图[自我认知]: １．算法的三种基本结构是（）Ａ．顺序结构、条件结构、循环结构Ｂ．顺序结构、流程结构、循环结构Ｃ．顺序结构、分支结构、流程结构Ｄ．流程结构、循环结构、分支结构２．程序框图中表示判断框的是（）Ａ．矩形框Ｂ．菱形框 d.圆形框 d.椭圆形框3.如图(1)、(2),它们都表示的是输出所有立方小于1000的正整数的程序框图,那么应分别补充的条件为( )⑴333⑵3a.⑴n≥1000 ? ⑵n＜1000 ?b. ⑴n≤1000 ?⑵n≥1000 ?c. ⑴n＜1000 ? ⑵n≥1000 ?d. ⑴n＜1000 ?⑵n＜1000 ?4.算法共有三种逻辑结构,即顺序逻辑结构,条件逻辑结构和循环逻辑结构,下列说法正确的是 ( ) a.一个算法只能含有一种逻辑结构 b.一个算法最多可以包含两种逻辑结构 c.一个算法必须含有上述三种逻辑结构d.一个算法可以含有上述三种逻辑结构的任意组合 [课后练习]:5.给出以下一个算法的程序框图(如下图所示),该程序框图的功能是( ) a.求输出a,b,c三数的最大数 b.求输出a,b,c三数的最小数3333c.将a,b,c按从小到大排列d.将a,b,c按从大到小排列第5题图第6题图6.右边的程序框图(如上图所示),能判断任意输入的数x的奇偶性：其中判断框内的条件是( )a.m?0?b.x?0 ?c.x?1 ?d.m?1?7.在算法的逻辑结构中,要求进行逻辑判断,并根据结果进行不同处理的是哪种结构 ( ) a.顺序结构 b.条件结构和循环结构 c.顺序结构和条件结构 d.没有任何结构?x2?1(x?0)8.已知函数f?x??? ,设计一个求函数值的算法,并画出其程序框图(x?0)?2x?11.1.2程序框图(第二课时)[课后练习]:班次姓名1．如图⑴的算法的功能是____________________________.输出结果i=___,i+2=_____.2．如图⑵程序框图箭头a指向①处时，输出 s=__________. 箭头a指向②处时，输出 s=__________.3.如图⑷所示程序的输出结果为s=132, 则判断中应填a、i≥10？b、i≥11？c、i≤11？ d、i≥12？4.如图(3)程序框图箭头b指向①处时，输出 s=__________. 箭头b指向②处时，输出 s=__________5、如图(5)是为求1~1000的所有偶数的和而设计的一个程序空白框图，将空白处补上。

一、基础知识1．下列词语中加点字的读音完全正确的一组是（）A．哺育bǔ雪橇qiāo 铁骑qí丘壑雷鸣hèB．晨曦xī铿锵qiānɡ涟漪yī折戟沉沙jǐC．轻俏qiào 蹒跚pán 遐思xiá飞流急湍chuǎnD．耸峙shì盎然ànɡ婆娑suō广阔无垠yín2．下列各组词语中没有错别字的一组是（）A．抚摩江湖沼泽粉妆玉琢心旷神怡B．冲涮云蒸霞蔚翠锦斑斓曲折盘旋C．翱翔婉转悠扬亭亭玉立一泄千里D．度假林阴小道促膝谈心震耳欲聋3．依次填入下列各句横线处的词语，恰当的一组是（）①我不仅爱祖国的山河大地，就是一草一木，一花一石，我也感到亲切，感到值得我＿＿和爱抚。

②盆景把宏伟的山川变为庭院里的小摆设。

有人＿＿这些东西，认为这是人们按照自己的审美理想来安排山川。

但在我看来，这些“理想”多少带有消闲的情趣。

③花园里的一草一木，都经过了精心的＿＿，因为这花园也想与肖邦的音乐相般配。

A．留恋赞颂培育B．留念赞颂栽培C．留恋赞赏栽培D．留念赞赏培育4．下列各句中加点的成语或熟语使用不恰当的一项是（）A．暗夜将尽，每一棵树都踮起脚来遥望着东方，企盼着晨曦。

果然不久，红光满面的太阳出来了，它愉快地抱吻着每一个树梢，发出金色的笑。

B．粉红色的日本樱花，宛如在旭日东升的时候飘在庄园上空的一片云彩。

C．这真是一种好的运动，好的锻炼，登山远望真令人心领神会，好像胸中能装得下山川湖泊。

D．到了肖邦之家，会亲眼看到，而且确信，作为民族精神的支柱和基础的伟大艺术具有何等不可估量的威力。

5．下列各句中标点符号使用正确的一句是（）A．从最简单的一句话中，我可以联想到一长串的人物的画廊，联想到一系列的山川，树林，村舍，田野，池塘，湖泊。

B．那些日子，我对祖国真的说不出有多么的怀念。

这怀念是痛苦又是幸福。

痛苦，是远离了祖国的同志、祖国的山川风物。

幸福，是有这样伟大的祖国供我怀念。

3.1坚持党的领导课堂练习一、选择题1．（2022秋·山东枣庄·高三滕州市第一中学新校校考期中）习近平总书记在党的二十大报告中指出，经过不懈努力，党找到了自我革命这一跳出治乱兴衰历史周期率的第二个答案，自我净化、自我完善、自我革新、自我提高能力显著增强，管党治党宽松软状况得到根本扭转，风清气正的党内政治生态不断形成和发展，确保党永远不变质、不变色、不变味。

确保三个“不变”旨在（）①巩固执政地位，完善基本执政方式②加强组织建设，确立党的领导核心地位③全面从严治党，不断增进民生福祉④牢记初心使命，使党始终走在时代前列A．①②B．①③C．②④D．③④【答案】D【详解】③④：确保三个“不变”旨在全面从严治党，不断增进民生福祉，牢记初心使命，使党始终走在时代前列，③④正确。

①：依法执政是党执政的基本方式，①排除。

②：党的领导核心地位在新中国成立后就以确立，②排除。

故本题选D。

2．（2022秋·山东临沂·高三统考期中）为进一步强化各级党代表的示范引领作用，引导党代表深入一线、联系群众，规范履职、主动作为，山东省兰陵县神山镇以党代表工作室为依托，架起党群“连心桥”，以知党情为导向、所民声为载体，解民忧为根本，纵向延伸倾听触角，横向拓展服务内容，打通服务群众“最后一公里”。

这表明，党代表（）①作为国家权力机关组成人员，要坚持群众路线②作为党员中的先进分子，要发挥先锋模范作用③作为党的领导干部，要牢记为人民服务的宗旨④作为党组织和群众的桥梁，要畅通党群沟通渠道A．①②B．①③C．②④D．③④【答案】C【详解】①：人民代表大会是国家权力机关，人大代表是国家权力机关组成人员，材料主体是党代表，故①错误。

②④：神山镇以党代表工作室为依托，架起党群“连心桥”，打通服务群众“最后一公里”。

这表明，党代表作为党员中的先进分子，要发挥先锋模范作用，作为党组织和群众的桥梁，要畅通党群沟通渠道，故②④正确。

5.1人民代表大会：我国的国家权力机关课堂练习1.（23-24高一下·江苏盐城·期中）2024年3月4日，十四届全国人大二次会议举行预备会议，通过了大会议程，包括审议一府两院工作报告、2024年国民经济和社会发展计划草案、审议全国人民代表大会常务委员会关于提请审议《中华人民共和国国务院组织法（修订草案）》的议案等。

从大会议程可以看出，人民代表大会（）A．统一行使国家权力B．行使最高立法权与最高监督权C．行使审议权和决定权D．是最高国家权力机关2．（高二·湖南·学业考试）2024年3月，第十四届全国人民代表大会第二次会议召开，大会审议和批准政府工作报告、“两院”工作报告、全国人大常委会工作报告等。

这表明全国人民代表大会( ) ①行使最高立法权②是我国最高政治领导力量③行使最高监督权④是我国最高国家权力机关A．①② B．③④C．①③D．②④3.（24-25高三上·河北保定·开学考试）2024年6月28日上午，十四届全国人大常委会第十次会议经表决，通过了新修订的突发事件应对法、农村集体经济组织法、新修订的国境卫生检疫法、关于修改会计法的决定；决定免去马晓伟的国家卫生健康委员会主任职务，任命雷海潮为国家卫生健康委员会主任。

这表明全国人大常委会（）①依法行使决定权②依法行使立法权③是最高国家权力机关④是全国人大的常设机关A．①②B．①③C．②④D．③④4.（23-24高一下·江苏徐州·期末）第十四届全国人大常委会第八次会议审议通过新修订的《中华人民共和国保守国家秘密法》，并于2024年5月1日起施行。

该法的修订（）A．为更好维护国家主权、安全和发展利益提供了坚强法治保障B．适应了信息化、数字化发展新形势，实现了国家治理现代化C．表明全国人大常委会是最高国家立法机关，行使最高立法权D．有利于强化国家秘密的保护，但不利于信息资源的公开利用5.（23-24·江苏扬州·期末）2024年5月，全国人大常委会正式启动非物质文化遗产法执法检查，重点检查各级政府履职、组织实施非物质文化遗产保护传承工作情况。

高一英语必修三Unit 4 Astronomy: the science of the stars练习题第一部分：单项填空1. —Will you go swimming with me this weekend?—______.A. All dependB. It dependsC. It depends onD. All depends on2. I was about to knock on the door when it was opened ______.A. from inB. withinC. inD. from within3. The happy news quickly ______ through the whole village.A. was spreadB. were spreadingC. spreadD. had been spread4. We can‟t continue to pretend that the problem of homelessness doesn‟t ______ in this city.A. existB. liveC. beD. survive5. The hall was already full, and hundreds of ______ fans were turned away at the door.A. disappointingB. disappointedC. disappointD. disappointment6. The club women gathered ______ clothes for people in the tsunami-hit countries.A. a mass ofB. mass ofC. a large amount ofD. amount of7. We should try our best to ______ those people after the disaster.A. break outB. cheer onC. break upD. cheer up8. At last, I made up my mind to speak the truth ______of the whole class.A. in the presentB. at the presentC. in the presenceD. at the presence9. He wants to see changes in the company and I am sure he will, ______.A. on timeB. at a timeC. at one timeD. in time10. They had a ______ quarrel and John stormed out.A. violentB. cruelC. strong C. harmful11. The government has to close those small factories to prevent the water of the river ______.A. pollutingB. from pollutingC. being pollutedD. polluted12. ______ I‟m well again, I can go on with my work.A. Even ifB. As thoughC. Ever afterD. Now that13. Some of the doctors are paid almost ______ as the nurses.A. twice as muchB. much as twiceC. as much twiceD. as twice much14. ______ anyone should want to kill her was unbelievable.A. WhetherB. ThatC. WhatD. If15. ______ the ancient Egyptians built the pyramids puzzled people for centuries.A. WhetherB. WhatC. HowD. Where16. _____ has helped to save the drowning girl is worth praising.A. WhoB. The oneC. AnyoneD. Whoever17.My parents don‟t allow _______time________ nothing.A.to waste；to doB.wasting；to doC.to waste；doingD.wasting；doing18.In fact，he_____in bed all the morning without doing anything，but he____ to me about that.A.lied；liedy；layC.lied；layy；lied19. All the employees except the manager ______ to work online at home.A. encouragesB. encourageC. are encouragedD. is encouraged20.After five hours‟ drive，they reached _____they thought was the place they‟d been dreaming of.A.thatB.whereC.whichD.what第二部分：完形填空Carol‟s husband was killed in a car accident last year.Jim, only 52, was 21 home from work. The other driver was a teenager who had 22 a lot. Jim died at once. The teenager was in the 23 for less than three hours.It was Carol‟s fiftieth birthday, and Jim had two plane tickets to Hawaii in his pocket. He was going to 24 her. However, he was killed by a drunken driver.“How have you 25 this?” I asked Carol, a year later.26 welled up（涌出）in her eyes. I thought I had said the 27 thing, but she said, “It‟s all right. I want to 28 you. The day I married Jim, I promised I would never let him leave the house in the morning 29 telling him I loved him. He made the same 30 . It got to be a joke between us, and as we grew older it got to be a(n) 31 promise to keep.“I remember running down the driveway, saying ...I love you‟ just before he drove out of my 32 , or driving all the way to his office just to put a(n) 33 saying (I)love you‟ on his car. It was a funny 34 .“We made a lot of 35 trying to say …I love you‟ before noon every day of our married life.“The morn ing Jim 36 , he left a birthday card in the kitchen and then left 37 . I heard the engine starting. Oh, no, I thought. I 38 out quickly and knocked on the car window 39 he rolled it down.“Here on my fiftieth birthday I, Carol Garret, want you, Mr J ames E. Garret to 40 that …I love you!‟“That‟s how I‟ve survived, knowing that the last words I said to Jim were, …I love you!‟”21. A. walking B. arriving C. driving D. riding22. A. drunk B. eaten C. talked D. done23. A. school B. hospital C. office D. prison24. A. surprise B. interest C. disappoint D. frighten25. A. learned B. survived C. existed D. explained26. A. Excitement B. Happiness C. Joys D. Tears27. A. sad B. extra C. wrong D. violent28. A. tell B. depend C. cheer D. believe29. A. with B. besides C. after D. without30. A. idea B. choice C. promise D. mistake31. A. hard B. easy C. silly D. harmful32. A. reach B. sight C. house D. office33. A. announcement B. note C. advertisement D. picture34. A. game B. activity C. challenge D. test35. A. methods B. stories C. memories D. troubles36. A. married B. worked C. returned D. died37. A. gradually B. quietly C. angrily D. gently38. A. cried B. ran C. watched D. looked39. A. but B. when C. though D. until40. A. say B. prove C. know D. admit第三部分：阅读理解AAir is an odorless (无气味的), invisible (看不见的) gas that surrounds the earth. It is everywhere on the planet. An “empty” drinking glass and an “empty” room, to give two examples, are not really empty. Each is filled with air. When the glass is filled with water, the water pushes the air out of the glass.Air, as a gas, has no definite (明确的) shape, but, because it is matter, it takes up space. It is easy to prove that air is something that takes up space. Stuff a dry handkerchief into the bottom（底部）of a glass so that it will not fall out when the glass is turned upside-down. Push the upside-down glass; hold it straight into a jar of water till the glass is completely covered. When the glass is taken out of water, the handkerchief will be dry. The air inside the glass takes up space and keeps the water from coming in.41. The writer tells us that _______.A. the experiment is done in the laboratoryB. the experiment is done outside the roomC. the experiment is easily doneD. the experiment is carried out indoors42. Which of the following pictures gives us the correct result?(W—water; A—air; H—handkerchief)China‟s second manned space flight will be done by two astronauts over five days in 2005. “Shenzhou-VI will be sent into space sometime in 2005,” said Zuo Saichun, a spokes person of the China Aerospace Science and Technology (CAST). “The spacecraft（宇宙飞船）will make new breakthroughs in China‟s manned space technology.”Unlike Shenzhou-V, a little more than a year ago (in October, 2003), the next flight will see two astronauts fly in space for five days. Their capsule (太空舱) is designed to be capable of orbiting for a whole week, the spokesperson said. “For the first time, astronauts will enter and live in the orbital module（舱）of the spacecraft to do scientific experiments,” s aid a statement from CAST. CAST did not say what those experiments will be.In Shenzhou-VI, scientists have changed the spacecraft‟s configuration (构形) to reduce its weight, and tried to improve the performance of on-board equipment. They have also worked to make sure of the energy supply of the spacecraft and further improve its safety. So far, scientists have worked out ways to solve problems on environmental control and life support. Shenzhou-VI will be sent into orbit atop a Long March 2F rocket.Mea nwhile, a model of the Chang‟e-1 satellite is expected to be sent to orbit the moon in two years. The satellite, part of the three-stage programme, would be followed by the landing of an unmanned vehicle on the moon in the second stage by 2010 and collecting samples of lunar soil by 2020 in the final stage, according to Sun Laiyan, director of the China National Space Administration.43. Which of the following about Shenzhou-VI is NOT true?A. It will be sent into space in 2005.B. It is capable of orbiting for two weeks.C. It will be sent into orbit atop a Long March 2F rocket.D. It will be sent into space with two astronauts.44. According to the passage, the following problems should be solved before Shenzhou-VI is sent into space EXCEPT ______.A. environmental controlB. energy supplyC. life supportD. lunar soil collecting45. Which of the following does NOT belong to the three-stage programme?A. Shenzhou-VI‟s being sent into space.B. A model of the Chang‟e-1 satellite will be sent to orbit the moon.C. The landing of an unmanned vehicle on the moon.D. Collecting samples of lunar soil.46. The passage mainly tells us ______.A. some problems need solving before Shenzhou-VI is sent into spaceB. Shenzhou-VI will be sent into space in 2005C. what China‟s space programme isD. how China‟s three-stage programme is carried outFlying to the moonScientist wanted to know more about the moon. They thought the best way was to send men to the moon. The moon is about 384 000 kilometers away from the earth.A plane cannot fly to the moon because the air reaches only 240 kilometers away from the earth. But something can fly even when there is no air. That is a rocket.How does a rocket fly? There is gas in the rocket. When the gas made very hot inside the rocket，it will rush out of the end of the rocket，so it can make the rocket fly up into the sky.Rocket can fly far out into space. Rockets with men in them have been to the moon. Several rockets with men have flown to another planet much farther away than the moon. One day rockets may be able to go to any place in space.47.Scientists can be sent to the moon by .A.planeB.rocketC.satelliteD.man-made satellite48.The earth is about 384 000 kilometers away from the .A.moonB.universeC.starD.sun49.A plane cannot fly to the moon because .A.there is no gas in the planeB.the plane must be driven by a manC.there is no air about 240 kilometers away from the earthD.it is smaller than a rocket50.The hot gas in the rocket is used for .A.keeping the man in the rocket warmB.cooking foodC.making the rocket fly upD.keeping the balance of temperatureDScientists used to explore(探测)on the surface of the ocean. Now they are exploring below the surface，too. They want to know about ocean water and the plant and animal life deep in the ocean.In 1934 the scientist William Beebe dived 3 000 feet below the surface in a hollow steel ball. In 1935 August Piccard dived 10 330 feet. In 1960 his son Jean dived to a depth of 35 800 feet.All these early dives were deep. But the divers could not stay down for very long. They had to come back up to the surface after a few seconds. Scientists needed to stay down longer to study life below surface. Gradually they succeeded.Cousteau，a Frenchman，was able to keep men down to a depth of 36 feet for one month and to a depth of 90 feet for a week.Now scientists are developing even better equipment. With this new equipment，men can stay below the surface for days or even weeks. In 1962 Cousteau set up a research station 35 feet below the surface. Then，in 1964，he set up another station on the ocean floor of the Red Sea.This was the first undersea station to operate withouthelp from the surface.Many countries are now studying undersea living. The former Soviet Union has an undersea laboratory in the Crimean Sea.The United States has a laboratory 50 feet down on the ocean floor off the Virgin Islands. In 1970 five men lived there for two weeks. Then a team of five women scientists stayed in the laboratory. Next came other teams of men. All were there to explore the ocean depths and to make plans for the use of its resources. Scientists hope to find enough mineral，vegetable，and animal wealth there to provide food for the entire world.51.In order to ，scientists are exploring below the surface of the ocean.A.know about the ocean water deep in the oceanB.stay down longer to study life of the plant and animal below the surfaceC.know about the plant and animal life deep in the oceanD.both A and C52.Who made the deepest dive?A.William Beebe.B.August Piccard.C.Jean Piccard.D.Cousteau.53.Who set up the first undersea station?A.A Frenchman.B.An American.C.A Russian.D. no mention.54.Which of the following statements is true?A.The early divers could not stay down for very long.B.Up to now only five women scientists have stayed in the undersea laboratory.C.The purpose of setting up the undersea laboratories is to make plans for the useof the resources in the ocean.D.None of the above is true.55.The author wants to tell us .A.that scientists try to explore the ocean depthsB.that scientists try to make use of resources in the oceanC.about the secret of the plant and animal life in the oceanD.both A and B第四部分：单词拼写1. As we all know, smoking is ________(有害的) to our health.2. You can see fishes swimming on the ________ (水面) of the river because it is too warm.3. Many kinds of _________ (方法) of payment have been used in daily life.4. With the _________(发展) of modern society, many new techniques have been developed.5. The dogs can be trained to detect the _________ (存在) of explosives.6. _________ (全球的) warming has become a big problem.7. His health _______(逐渐地) improved.8. They stood still, looking at the balloons_________ (漂浮) in the air.9．An astronomer observes the space through t_______.10. Plants supply o_________ to animals to breathe.第五部分：完成句子1．地球的体积是月球的49倍。

Unit 5 Learning from natureSection B Using language (基础练)I 用方框内所给单词的正确形式填空1.A little ______________ flew into her study, and she ______________ it out.2. With the help of his ______________, he had a ______________ examination.3.A ______________ weaves a web to catch worms or bugs.4.It turs out that the approaches the engineer ______________ to increase production are effective.II 用方框内所给短语的适当形式完成下面的句子1. Why are you late for the lecture? You___________________ have arrived an hour ago.2. What lesson have you ______________ your failure in this football match?3. The conflict between the two nations ______________ to last century.4.Homever, views on how to deal with the problem ______________ person ___________ person.5. My mind drifted and suddenly I realized I was about to ______________ the car in front.6.Can you tell me how the accident ______________ this afternoon?7. Watt should ______________ inventing the steam engine.8. Do you know when the flower ______________ ?III 语法填空(非谓语动词填空)1. 用带“to”或不带“t o”的不定式填空(l)Why not ______________ (get) your children ______________ (work)out instead of playing computer games at home?(2)We had better not ______________ (pay) too much attention to the kid’s mistakes.(3)Rather than ______________ (argue) without any result, I prefer ______________ (get) down to doing something practical.(4)We wanted nothing but _________________(appeal) to people to care more for the drop-out students.(5)Though made ______________ (give) in to him, I insisted on making my friend ______________ (promise) not to disturb me like that again.2. 单句语法填空1.Tom is looking forward to ________ (meet) the new exchange student.2.The contest will last one and a half months, ________ (conclude) at the end of December.3.What interests me most is the opportunity ________ (expose) to various Chinese paintings.4.Neil Armstrong was the first man________ (land) on the moon in July, 1969.5.Do you want to get the dictionary________ (deliver) to your house or would you prefer to come to the shop for it?6.Dina, ________ (struggle) for months to find a job as a waitress, finally took a position at a local advertising agency.7.Personally, I don't think it worthwhile for them________ (spend) all the savings on this trip.8.The best way ________ (strong) willpower is to make it into a habit.9.He did nothing but ________ (complain) to me about the food and service of the restaurant.10.________ (face) with the increasing energy limits, China needs a breakthrough in mining and exploration.IV 阅读理解Nature can provide almost everything human beings need if we follow her rules. But if we break the rules, she is likely to be cruel and lash out at us.The outbreak of the COVID-19 in China and some other countries is an example. Dr Peter Daszak, president of the US-based health organi zation, said, “This outbreak is a lesson for us. On a global scale (规模), human population density (密度), wildlife diversity, and land use change are what drive new pandemics (流行病).”In ancient times, people needed to rely on nature to survive so they held it in awe (敬畏). For example, the American Indians believed that humans are a part of nature and nature is a part of humans. Chinese ancients always tried to keep the harmony between nature and human beings.However, as human beings master more knowledge and make more advanced tools, people try to change and even conquer nature. They use more land to make buildings and capture wild and rare animals to suit their own needs. In this process, humans gradually lose contact with nature and even throw it out of balance.Although we don't know for sure what first caused the COVID-19 outbreak, it's time for people to reflect on our relationship with our planet and reconnect with this world and everything that we've beengiven. After all, nature is not the place to visit. It's our home.（1）What does the phrase "lash out at" in Paragraph 1 probably mean?A.Control.B.Challenge.C.Destroy.D.Punish.（2）What lesson did Daszak think human beings should learn from the COVID 19 outbreak?A.Humans should live peacefully with nature.B.Bats are one of the most dangerous wild animals.C.We should stop the wildlife trade around the world.D.It's impossible to prevent new pandemics globally.（3）What is the main idea of Paragraph 4?A.How human activities cause global warming.B.How human beings break the balance of nature.C.How human beings become their own masters.D.How humans use technology to improve their lives.（4）What is the author' s purpose in writing this article?A.To reflect on the COVID-19 outbreak.B.To explain what led to the COVID-19 outbreak.C.To describe experts' predictions on new pandemics.D.To compare ancient and modern attitudes toward nature.V.任务型阅读阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。