初中英语主谓一致笔记
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主谓一致【语法概说】
【主谓一致命题趋势与预测】
根据对主谓一致部分全国各地试题的分析可知，今后该部分将是重点考查点之一。其考查重点为：
1、 主谓一致的语法一致原则：指主语是单数形式，谓语动词用单数形式，主语是复数形式，谓语也用复数形式。 Tom is a good student.
主谓一致的就近一致原则
2、 主谓一致的意义一致原则：指主语形式上为单数，但意义为复数，因此谓语动词用复数形式；或主语形式上为复数，但表示单数意义，这是谓语动词用单数形式。
My family are having lunch now.
我们一家人现在正吃午饭。
Twenty dollars is too expensive for the book.
这本书20美元太贵了。
3、 主谓一致的附加原则：指谓语动词用单数形式还是用复数形式，取决于最靠近他的主语。例如：
Not only the teacher but also his students like playing football.
【考点诠释】
一、由or, either... or... , neither... nor... , not only...but also... , whether...or...等连接并列主语时,常采用就近原则,动词与最靠近的主语保持一致。
【考例】Not only Jim but also his sister ______a few cities in the south since they came
to China．[临沂市]
A．will visit B. has visited C．have visited
D ．visited
[答案]B ．[解析]本题既考查时态，又考查并列连词not only．．．but also的用法。由时间状语since they came to China，可判断用现在完成时，排除A、D两项；not
only．．．but also连接两个并列的主语时，谓语动词要用“就近原则。
Neither Jim nor his cousins _______to America, but _____of them know the country very
well. [07年潍坊市]
A．have been；a11 B. have been; both C has been; all
D．has been; both
[答案]B．[解析]考查neither．．．nor的用法，以及both与all的区别。neither„nor连接两个主语时，谓语用“就近原则”，cousins是复数，谓语用have been，排除C和D项；指两者用both。
二、 the number of + 复数名词,主语是the number(数量),谓语动词用单数;a number
of +复数名词,主语是复数名词,a number of作定语, 相当于many,谓语动词用复数。
【考例】Look! There _______ playing with the tourists on Yinhe Square. (2004包头)
A. are a number of deer B. are a number of deers
C. is a number of deer D. is a number of deers
答案：A。该题考查的是主谓一致。这个句子的主语是a number of deer, 是个复数概念，因此谓语动词应用复数形式。（deer单复数相同）
The number of ________ in our class ________ fifty. (2004山东烟台)
A. student, is B. the students, are C. the students, is D. students, are
[答案]: C
[命题立意]：本题考查主谓一致的用法。
[试题解析]：the number of 后接复数名词，作主语时，其谓语动词用单数形式。故应选C。
三、动词不定式、动名词以及名词性从句作主语时,谓语动词常用单数形式。【考例】As the saying ________,"Where there is a will; there is a way. "[昆明市]
A. go B. goes C. going D. went
[答案]B．[解析] the saying为第三人称单数形式，所以谓语动词用goes。
但what从句作主语而表语是复数时,谓语动词常用复数。
What we badly need here are experienced teachers. 我们这里急需的是有经验的教师。
四、and连接的两个单数名词作主语。
【考例】 Trees and flowers ________every year to make our country more beautiful.
[陕西省]
A. is planted B. was planted C. are planted D.
were planted
[答案]C．[解析] every year说明本句表示的是一般现在时的概念，去掉B、D项；trees
and flowers表达复数意义，所以选C项。
五、表示时间、距离、金钱、体积或数字等的词语作主语且表示总量时，谓语动词用单数。
【考例】
---How much ________the shoes?
---Five dollars_________ enough． [年青岛市]
A．is；is B are；is C．are；are D．is；are
[答案]B ．[解析] 答案为B。shoes作主语时，谓语动词应用复数形式；five dollars是一个整体，应按单数对待。
How time flies! Ten years ________ passed. (2004天津)
A. have B. has C. is D. are
答案：B。该题考查的是主谓一致。Ten years通常被看作是一个时间整体，谓语动词用单数形式。
六、就近原则
--There__________ no milk in the fridge. Could you get some for me, Dick?
--All right, Mum. [福州市]
A. is B. are C. was
D. were
[答案]A．[解析]本题考查"there be”句型中be的数及时态，be在数上要与最近的主语保持一致.句子的主语是不可数名词，所以be应使用单数形式，B、D两项可以排除。
Not only Jim but also his sister ______a few cities in the south since they came to
China．[07临沂市]
A．will visit B. has visited C．have visited
D ．visited
[答案]B ．[解析]本题既考查时态，又考查并列连词not only．．．but also的用法。由时间状语since they came to China，可判断用现在完成时，排除A、D两项；not
only．．．but also连接两个并列的主语时，谓语动词要用“就近原则。
Neither Jim nor his cousins _______to America, but _____of them know the country very
well. [07年潍坊市]
A．have been；a11 B. have been; both C has been; all
D．has been; both
[答案]B．[解析]考查neither．．．nor的用法，以及both与all的区别。neither„nor连接两个主语时，谓语用“就近原则”，cousins是复数，谓语用have been，排除C和D项；指两者用both。
【语法回顾】
主谓一致
1. 语法一致的原则
2. 意义一致的原则
3. 邻近一致的原则
谓语受主语支配，须和主语在人称和数上保持一致，这叫做主谓一致。主谓一致一般遵循三条原则：语法一致原则，意义一致原则和就近一致原则。
在英语中，谓语动词必须和主语在人称和数上同主语保持一致，叫做主谓一致。通常采用下列三个原则来处理，即：语法形式一致的原则、逻辑意义一致的原则、就近（或毗邻）一致的原则。
一、语法形式一致的原则，即在语法形式上取得一致。如：主语为单数形式，谓语动词用单数；主语为复数形式，谓语动词也采用复数形式。但须注意下列几种情况：
1.以单数名词或代词、动词不定式短语、动名词短语或从句作主语时，谓语动词用单数。 例如：
Much land has been deserted in this area in the past few years.在过去的几年中，这个地区的许多土地已经沙化。
To start smoking is quite easy, but to give it up needs courage.开始吸烟很容易，但是要戒烟却需要勇气。
Reading English newspapers is a good way of improving you English. 阅读英文报纸是提高你英语水平的好方法。
What you need most is to have a good sleep.你所需要的就是好好睡一觉。
How you can get there is a problem. 你怎么到那儿去还是个问题。
[注意：]由what引导的主语从句，后面的谓语动词多数情况用单数形式。但若表语是“复数或what从句是一个带有复数意义的并列结构”时，主句的谓语动词用复数 。例如：
What I bought were three English books.我买的是三本英语书。
What I say and do is (are) helpful for you.我所说的和做的对你是有帮助的。
2、由and 或both...and来连接并列主语时，谓语用复数。例如：
Swimming and walking are good exercises.游泳和散步都是好运动。
He and I were classmates when we were at college.他和我在上大学时是同学。
