初中英语主谓一致讲解

  • 格式:doc
  • 大小:23.00 KB
  • 文档页数:4

文档供参考,可复制、编制,期待您的好评与关注!

1 / 4 初中英语:主谓一致及其精练

一、主谓一致三原则

主谓一致是指谓语动词与主语在人称和数上保持一致,主谓一致必须遵循三原则:语法一致原则,意义一致原则,就近一致原则。

1. 语法一致原则:指主语是单数形式,谓语动词用单数形式,主语是复数形式,谓语也用复数形式。

Tom is a good student. 汤姆是个好学生。

They often play football on the playground. 他们经常在操场上踢足球。

2. 意义一致:指主语形式上为单数,但意义为复数,因此谓语动词用复数形式;或主语形式上为复数,但表示单数意义,这时谓语动词用单数形式。

My family are having lunch now.

我们一家人现在正吃午饭。

Twenty dollars is too expensive for the book.

这本书20美元太贵了。

3. 就近一致:指谓语动词用单数形式还是用复数形式,取决于最靠近他的主语。例如:

Not only the teacher but also his students like playing football.

不仅老师喜欢踢足球,而且他的学生也喜欢踢足球。

There is a pen and some books on the desk.

课桌上有一支钢笔和一些书。

二、 主谓一致常考题型

1. 单数名词(代词),不可数名词作主语时,谓语用单数形式,复数名词(代词)作主语,谓语用复数形式。例如: The desk is Tom’s. 这张桌子是汤姆的。

Some water is in the bottle. 一些水在瓶子里。

The students are playing football on the playground. 这些学生正在操场上踢足球。

2. many a+单数名词作主语,意义虽为“许多”,但谓语要用单数形式。例如:

Many a student has been to Shanghai. 许多学生到过上海。

3. more than one+单数名词作主语,谓语用单数。例如:

More than one student has ever been to Beijing. 不止一个学生曾经去过北京。

4. 表示时间,价格,重量,数目,长度,数学运算等的词或短语作主语时,这些通常作一个整体概念,谓语用单数形式。例如:

Two months is a long holiday. 两个月是一个长假。

Tweney pounds isn’t so heavy. 2 0英镑并不太重。

Ten miles isn’t a long distance. 1 0英里并不是一段很长的距离。 文档供参考,可复制、编制,期待您的好评与关注!

2 / 4 Five minus four is one. 5减4等于1。

5. 主语是each/every+单数名词+and(each/every)+单数名词时,谓语动词用单数。例如:

Each boy and each girl has got a seat. 每个男孩和女孩都有一个座位。

Every man and every woman is at work. 每个男人和女人都在工作。

6. one and a half+复数名词作主语,谓语动词用单数形式。例如:

One and a half hours is enough. 一个半小时足够了。

7. 动词不定式,动名词作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。例如:

To see is to believe 眼见为实。

Doing eye exercises is good for your eyes. 做眼睛保健操对你的眼睛十分有益。

8. a/an+单数名词+or two 作主语,谓语动词用单数。例如:

A student or two has failed the exam. 一两个学生考试不及格。

9. 主语为某些词组,如one of , each of, every one of, any one of , none of 等加复数名词或代词,谓语用单数。如:One of my favorite sports is basketball.

12.somebody,someone,something,anybody,anything,everybody,everyone,everything,nobody,no one,nothing等不定代词作主语,谓语动词用单数,例如:

Is everyone here today. 今天大家到齐了吗?

Something is wrong with him. 他有毛病。

Nobody was in. 没有人在家。

13. each, either, neither, another, the other 作主语,谓语动词用单数。例如:

Each of them has an English dictionary. 他们每人都有一本英语词典。

Neither answer is correct两个答案都不正确。

14. 以—s 结尾的名词本身不表示复数意义,谓语通常用单数形式,如news,

maths, physics等,例如:

No news is good news. 没有消息就是好消息。

Maths is very popular in our class 在我们班数学很受欢迎。

11. people, police等集体名词作主语,谓语动词用复数形式,family, class, group,

team等集体名词作主语,若指一个整体时,谓语动词用单数形式,若指一个具体成员时,谓语动词复数形式。例如:

The police are waiting for the boy.

People here are very friendly. 这儿的人很友好。

His family isn’t large. 他家的人不多。

My family all like watching TV. 我们一家人都喜欢看电视。

15. 由both…and…连接两个单数名词作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式;

Both his father and his mother are both teachers. 他的爸爸和妈妈都是老师。 文档供参考,可复制、编制,期待您的好评与关注!

3 / 4 16 “定冠词+姓氏复数形式”表示一家人时,谓语一般用复数。

The Smiths are having dinner.

16. a number of+复数名词作主语,谓语动词用复数;the number of +复数名词作主语,谓语动词用单数。例如:

A number of famous people were invited to party. 许多名人都被邀请参加这个聚会。

The number of the students is over eight hundred. 我们学校的学生数超过800人。

17. 当kind of, pair of, glass of 等表示确定数量的名词短语修饰主语时,谓语与kind, pair, glass 等一致。例如:

This pair of shoes is Tom’s. 这双鞋是汤姆的。

There are two glasses of water on the table. 桌上有两杯水。

18. the+形容词表示一类人时,谓语动词用复数形式,表示抽象概念时,用单数形式。例如:

The poor are very happy, but the rich are sad.穷人很快乐,富人却过得不快乐。

The beautiful lives forever. 美是永存的。

19. 以here,there开关的句子,若主语在两个或两个以上,谓语动词通常与临近的主语一致。例如:

There is a book and three pens on the desk. 桌子上有一本书,三只钢笔。

Here are some books and paper for you. 这是给你的书和纸。

20 or, either…or…,neither…nor…,not only…but also…,not…but…,连接两个名词或代词作主语时,根据就近原则决定谓语动词形式。例如:

Tom or Jack is wrong. 不是汤姆就是杰克错了。

Either this one or that one is ok. 这一个或那一个都行。

21 当主语部分含有with,together with,along with,as well as,besides,except,but,like等介词或介词短语时,谓语动词由主语的单复数决定。例如:

Mike with his father has been to England. 迈克同他的父亲去过英格兰。

Mike,like his brother,enjoys playing football 迈克像他的哥哥一样喜欢踢足球。

22 “lots of/ a lot of/plenty of+ 名词”或“分数/百分数+名词”作主语时,谓语动词取决于名词的数;若是不可数名词,用单数;若名词是复数,则用复数

23. 由and连接的两个单数名词作主语时,一般用复数形式,但and所连接的并列主语是同一个人,事物,或概念时,谓语动词用单数。这两种情况区分如下:a/the+单数名词+and+单数名词,指的是同一个人或物;a/the+单数名词+and+a/the+单数名词,指两个人或物。例如: The writer and teacher is coming.

那位作家兼教师来了。(作家和教师指同一个人) 文档供参考,可复制、编制,期待您的好评与关注!

4 / 4 The writer and the teacher are coming. 作家和老师来了。(作家和老师是两个人)

24 none 如果指量,动词用单数。若用来指数目,与可数名词连用,谓语动词可用单数也可用复数,none 如果代表不可数名词时谓语动词用单数。

None of the land has become desert.这些土地都没有变成沙漠。