必修一M2复习

物理必修一二基础知识点物理必修一二基础知识点漫长的学习生涯中，大家最不陌生的就是知识点吧！知识点有时候特指教科书上或考试的知识。

哪些知识点能够真正帮助到我们呢？以下是店铺为大家收集的物理必修一二基础知识点，欢迎阅读，希望大家能够喜欢。

物理必修一二基础知识点1一、质点1.定义：用来代替物体而具有质量的点。

2.实际物体看作质点的条件：当物体的大小和形状相对于所要研究的问题可以忽略不计时，物体可看作质点。

二、描述质点运动的物理量1.时间：时间在时间轴上对应为一线段，时刻在时间轴上对应于一点。

与时间对应的物理量为过程量，与时刻对应的物理量为状态量。

2.位移：用来描述物体位置变化的物理量，是矢量，用由初位置指向末位置的有向线段表示。

路程是标量，它是物体实际运动轨迹的长度。

只有当物体作单方向直线运动时，物体位移的大小才与路程相等。

3.速度：用来描述物体位置变化快慢的物理量，是矢量。

(1)平均速度：运动物体的位移与时间的比值，方向和位移的方向相同。

(2)瞬时速度：运动物体在某时刻或位置的速度。

瞬时速度的大小叫做速率。

(3)速度的测量(实验)①原理：v??x。

当所取的时间间隔越短，物体的平均速度v越接近某点的瞬时速度v。

然而时间间隔取得过小，造成两?t点距离过小则测量误差增大，所以应根据实际情况选取两个测量点。

②仪器：电磁式打点计时器(使用4∽6V低压交流电，纸带受到的阻力较大)或者电火花计时器(使用220V交流电，纸带受到的阻力较小)。

若使用50Hz的交流电，打点的时间间隔为0.02s。

还可以利用光电门或闪光照相来测量。

4.加速度(1)意义：用来描述物体速度变化快慢的物理量，是矢量。

(2)定义：a??v，其方向与Δv的方向相同或与物体受到的合力方向相同。

?t(3)当a与v0同向时，物体做加速直线运动;当a与v0反向时，物体做减速直线运动。

加速度与速度没有必然的联系。

物理必修一二学习方法多阅读教材为了培养学生的自学能力和审题能力，教材的阅读就显得至为重要。

高中英语必修1 Unit 1-2 巩固练习Unit One一．完成句子1.His mother has ________ (遭受) from illness for several years.2.She _______(明白了) why she was ill was that she had eaten bad meat.3.He gave me some ______（建议）on how to learn a foreign language.4.（就我而言）you should thank all the people concerned.5.Her son has gone abroad to study. She is quite _________ (牵挂) about him.6._________(据) the latest news report, the accident has caused 7 more deaths.7.You shouldn’t have hurt her _______（感情）.8.The bad news quite _________ (使苦恼) him last night.9.It is wrong of you to _____(无视) your parents’ advice.10.To get as much information as possible, we should learn to _________(沟通) 二．短语回顾1. .关心,挂念_________________2. 经历，遭受____________________3. 相处,进展_________________4. 面对面地_____________________5. 故意_____________________6. 为了________________________7. hide away ______________8. calm down ____________________9. a series of ___________________ 10. add up11.以---为目的12. 在黄昏三．词语填空1.I will leave you (settle) all the business.2.The doctor said the medicine could ease the (suffer)3.His behavior _______ (disagree) with his words.4.We should (齐心协力) to go through the difficulties.5.I’ll have the numbers ______ (a dd) up soon.6.That man cheated the old lady _______(buy) expensive shoes.7.Anything that ________ (concern) Mr. Green interests me.8.The naughty boy _________(punish) by his father for ______(tell) a lie.9.It is the very (upset) news.10.I tried to tell her it ; but she _________ (ignore) me.Unit Two一．完成句子1. Tomatoes are (原产于) to Europe.2. The two things (完全不同).3. What is the (官方) language in your country?4. Of wine and milk, (后者)is more healthier.5. Titanic sank in her maiden (航行).6. His failure was (由于) his pride。

Unit 2 English around the world基础巩固练习I. 根据句意及首字母的提示，完成所缺单词的正确形式。

1. His ________ (口音) showed that he was an American.2. When we are on holiday in Greece, we live like __ ________ (当地人).3. The heating system in this ________ (街区) doesn’t work well.4. The child has a very large ___________(词汇量) for his age.5. In British ___ ________ (用法), “petrol” means “gas”.6. He looks dishonest, but _________(实际上) he is a thief.7. He has lost his ___________ card and is being questioned by the police.8. Although we hadn’t seen each other for ten years, I ___________ (认出) Bob at the airport as soon as I saw him.9. A _________ in the US is an underground railway in a city.10. An _______ is a kind of machine for raising and lowering something.11. In America a flat is called an _____________.12. We are going to make a ____________ (航行) from Qingdao to Dalian during the summerholidays.13. Li Yang speaks English so ________ (流利的)that he can talk with foreigners freely.14. Their arguments were becoming more and more ____ (频繁).15. English and French are Canada’s ___________ (官方的) languages, and many Canadianscan speak both of them.16. It is necessary for you to remember some useful words and ____________ (表达).17. Don’t ____ _______ (命令) others to do what they don’t want to do..18. She________ (逐渐地) built up a reputation (名声) as a successful lawyer.19. Total profit was $ 550 million in the ___ ______ (后者的) half of 1998.20. Walk _________ (一直), turn right at the second crossroad and you will see theunderground on your right.II. 单项选择。

必修第一第二单元复习要点————————————————————————————————作者：————————————————————————————————日期：18必修1第一第二单元要点第一章 宇宙中的地球 一、地球的宇宙环境1、可见宇宙：我们把已经观测到的有限宇宙，相当于总星系，半径约为140亿光年。

2、多层次的天体系统（1）天体类型：恒星、行星、星云、流星、彗星、星际空间的气体和尘埃等。

（2）天体系统的形成：天体之间相互吸引和相互绕转，形成天体系统。

（3）天体系统多层次：地月系（地球和月球） 太阳系 银河系 总星系河外星系 3、八大行星排列：太阳：水星 金星 地球 火星 木星 土星 天王星 海王星巨行星 远日行星小行星带位于火星轨道和木星轨道之间。

4、地球上生物出现的原因A 、稳定的光照条件B 、安全的宇宙环境C 、适宜的温度（主要原因是日地距离适中，其他还有自转公转周期适中，较厚大气等）D 、适合生物呼吸的大气（原因是地球质量和体积适中；地球经过长期演化出现了氧气）E 、地球上有液态水（适宜的温度）5、宇宙探测（1）中国二大航天中心：甘肃酒泉（纬度较高）、四川西昌（纬度较低）。

（2）神州五号、六号、七号载人飞船都在酒泉发射。

（3）发射地的纬度越低，地球自转的线速度越大，这样同等燃料能运载更重的卫星。

如探月卫星重量较大，故嫦娥一号选择在纬度较低的西昌发射。

（4）卫星发射方向朝东，与地球自转方向一致，这样可获得较快的发射速度。

二、太阳对地球的影响 1、太阳辐射与地球（1）太阳辐射概念：太阳源源不断地以电磁波形式向四周放射能量。

（2）太阳辐射能量主要集中在可见光。

我们称太阳辐射为短波辐射。

（3）太阳辐射能是维持地表温度，促进地球上水、大气、生物活动和变化的主要动力。

2、太阳活动与地球（1）太阳大气层的构成：从里到外分为光球、色球和日冕三层。

（2）太阳活动：光球----黑子；色球----耀斑、日珥；日冕----太阳风。

Unit 2 Travelling Around Part one V ocabulary1. apply vi. & vt. 申请；请求vt. 应用；涂（油漆；乳剂）application n. 申请；申请书；适用apply sth. to sth. 把某物应用于……apply (to…) for… （向……）申请……apply to do sth. 申请做某事apply to… 适用于……（to为介词）2. rent vt. 租用；出租vi. 租用；租金为n. 租金rent sth. from sb. 从某人那里租赁某物rent sth. to sb. 把某物出租给某人3. amazing adj. 令人惊奇的；令人惊喜的amaze vt. 使惊奇；使惊喜amazed adj.惊奇的；惊喜的4. arrangement n.安排；筹备make an arrangement/ arrangements (for) 为……做安排arrange v. 安排；筹备；整理；布置arrange for sb. to do sth. 安排某人做某事5. narrow adj. 狭窄的vi.& vt. （使）变窄narrow sth. down (to…)/ narrow down sth.(to…) 把某物缩小（到……）6. recognise vt. 辨别出；承认；认可recognise…as/ to be… 承认/认为……是……be recognised as … 被认为是…It is recognise that… 人们意识到……recognition n. 认识；认出；认可recognisable adj. 容易认出的；易于识别的7. admire vt. 钦佩；赞赏admire sb. for sth. 因某事钦佩某人admiration n. 钦佩；赞赏admirable adj. 令人羡慕的；可钦佩的；值得赞赏的8. contact vt. 联络；联系n. 联系；接触lose contact with… 与……失去联系be/ get/ stay/ keep/ in contact with 与……取得联系9. credit n. 借款；信用；称赞；学分10. request n.（正式或礼貌的）要求；请求vt. （正式或礼貌的）要求；请求make a request for 提出请求11. view n.视野；景色；看大12. check vt. 检查；核对check in （在旅馆、机场等）登记check out 结账离开（旅馆等）13. sight n. 景象；视野；视力catch sight of ... 看见... ...14. comment n.议论；评论vi. & vt. 发表意见；评论make a comment on... 对... ...发表评论comment on/upon 对... ...发表评论Part two Grammar现在进行时表将来be doing这种结构表示按计划即将发生的动作，常用于表示位置移动的动词。

中学物理必修2学问点期末总复习考试重点内容：曲线运动、动量、功和能、机械振动（一）曲线运动、万有引力1. 曲线运动确定是变速运动！速度沿轨迹切线方向(fangxiang)，加速度方向(fangxiang)沿合外力方向——指向轨道内侧。

物体做曲线运动的条件是合外力与速度不在一条直线上。

2. 曲线运动的探讨方法：矢量合成与分解法，切线方向的分力ΣFt只变更质点的运动速率大小；法线方向的分力ΣFn只变更质点运动的方向。

3. 运动的合成和分解：速度、位移、加速度等都是矢量，都可以依据须要和实际状况，用平行四边形定则合成和分解。

两个匀速直线运动的合成，两个初速度为0的匀变速运动的合成确定是直线运动。

两个直线运动的合成不确定是直线运动。

4.平抛运动：加速度：a＝g，方向竖直向下，与质量无关，与初速度大小无关；速度：vx＝v0，vy＝gt，vt＝（v02+vy2）1/2，方向与水平方向成θ角，tgθ＝gt/v0；位移：x＝v0t，y＝gt2/2，s＝（x2+y2）1/2，方向与水平方向成ɑ角，tgɑ＝y/x.轨迹方程：y＝gx2/2v02为抛物线。

在空中飞行时间：t＝（2h/g）1/2，与质量和初速度大小无关，只由高度确定。

水平最大射程：x＝v0t＝v0（2h/g）1/2由初速度和高度确定，与质量无关。

曲线运动的位移、速度、加速度都不在同一方向上。

5. 匀速圆周运动：1）周期T、质点运动一周所用的时间。

是描述质点转动快慢的物理量。

2）线速度v、质点通过的弧长Δs与所用时间Δt之比为确定值，该比值是匀速圆周运动的速率v＝Δs/Δt，数值上等于质点在单位时间内通过的弧长。

线速度的方向在圆周的切线方向上。

线速度是描述质点转动快慢和方向的物理量。

3）角速度ω、连接质点与圆心的半径转过的角度Δφ与所用时间Δt之比为确定值，该比值是匀速圆周运动的角速度ω＝Δφ/Δt，数值上等于在单位时间内半径转过的角度。

单位是弧度/秒（rad/s），角速度也是描述质点转动快慢的物理量周期、线速度、角速度之间有的关系：质点转一周弧长s＝2πr，时间为T，则v＝2πr/T角度为2πω＝2π/T由上两公式有v＝ωr，ω＝v/r圆周运动是曲线运动，它的速度方向时刻在变更着，匀速圆周运动确定是变速运动，“匀速”仅是速率不变的意思。

必修1(M1-2)复习一、考点、热点回顾Mr. LuoHow time flies! It's two months since I entered high school. My first impression of my school is that it's large and beautiful. The students are friendly. The teachers are really helpful because they are very patient to answer our questions.I'm getting along with my study well in this new term. Our teachers are strict, but never boring. That’s why we are very active in class and doing very well in our studies.However, I have met some serious problems. The first problem, which I think is the most serious, is that I often fall asleep in class. Now I am doing more homework than before, so I have less time to sleep. Another problem is that I’m not good at English, especially English listening. I can’t follow my English teacher because he often teaches us in English. I feel very anxious.I hope my teachers encourage me a little bit more. I believe I will succeed in the end!Miss. XuHow time flies! It's two months since I entered high school. But I still remember the first day of my high school life. The first impression that the school gives me is its size and beauty. The buildings are tall, the trees are many, and the flowers are beautiful. It is my first impression that made me set up mind to study hard here.My ne w classmates are lovely and friendly, and my new teachers are really helpful. Therefore, I’m doing well in this new term.However, I have two minor problems. The first problem is my mathematics. I find it difficult to learn it and I can’t follow my math teacher’s pace. The second is the nasty food offered by the canteen.At last, I hope I can learn more and make more progress with the help of my teachers.Module 1My First Day at Senior HighⅠ.单词1．__________(n.)信息2．__________(n.)方法3．__________(n.)态度4．__________(vt.)包含5．__________(adj.)热心的→__________(n.)热情6．__________(adj.)令人吃惊的；令人惊讶的→__________(adj.)吃惊的；惊讶的→__________(vt.)使……大为惊讶；使惊愕→__________(n.)7．__________(n.)(常作复数)指示；说明→__________(vt.)指导；教导→__________(adj.)有教育意义的；指导的8．__________(adj.)厌烦的；厌倦的→__________(adj.)令人厌烦的→__________(v.)使厌烦9．__________(adj.)尴尬的；难堪的；困窘的→_________________(adj.)令人尴尬的；令人难堪的→_________________(vt.)使尴尬→_____________(n.)尴尬10．__________(n.)行为；举动→__________(v.)11．__________(n.)技术→__________(adj.)→__________(n.)(同义词)技术；技艺；技法12．__________(vt.)使印象深刻→__________(n.)印象→__________(adj.)给人深刻印象的13．___________________(n.)鼓励；激励→__________(vt.)→__________(n.)勇气；胆量14．__________(adj.)失望的→__________(adj.)令人失望的→__________(vt.)使失望15．__________(vi.)消失→____________(n.)→__________(vi.)出现→__________(n.)出现；外表16．__________(n.)助手；助理→__________(v.)帮助；协助→__________(n.)帮助，援助Ⅱ.常用短语1．____________与……相似2．______________________对某物/某人的态度3．__________________在……开始/结束的时候4．_________________被(划)分为……5．____________参加6．____________毫不相似；完全不像7．____________换句话说8．____________单独地；独自地9．____________期待；期望10．____________取得进步Ⅲ.重点句型1．We…re using a new textbook and Ms. Shen‟s method of teaching is nothing like ________ of the teachers at my Junior High school.我们使用新的教科书而且沈老师的教学方法和我初中老师的教学方法一点也不一样。

重点词组：( senior IA)1.add up to 合计add up 加起来add to 增添，增加add… to…在…中加上…2.another time/day 改时间/改天3.calm… down（使）镇定下来4.walk the dog 遛狗5.settle the problem 解决问题The bird settled on the wire. 鸟停留在电线上。

settle down 定居，平静下来，settle a child in a bed 把小孩安放在床上settle oneself in a chair (舒服)做在椅子上6.get /be tired of= be bored with= be fed up with 厌烦...7.be concerned about 关心；挂念be concerned with与…有关concerning =about 关于8.set down 放下；记下 set down…to 把…归于9. a series of 一系列；一套10.be crazy about 对…着迷like crazy 疯狂地11.talk face to face 面对面地have a face-to-face talk 进行面对面的谈话12.pack up 收拾，打理行装municate with sb 和…交际14.throw away the friendship/a good chance/money终止友谊/放弃机会/浪费掉金钱throw off 扔掉，摆脱，匆匆脱掉throw up 举起，抛起；呕吐；使显眼throw down tools放下工具；罢工throw about 到处扔throw oneself into 投身于15. far and wide / here and there /far and near到处16.look to sth 注意，留心某事17.cheat sb (out) of sth 骗取某人某物cheat sb into doing sth18.believe it or not 信不信由你19.be based on 在...基础上20.get /come close to 接近，差点…21.change…into 把…变成22.in the early days 在早期23.the same…as 与…相同的24.be absent from 缺席25.be present at the meeting 在席；出席会议present sth to sb / present sb with sth 赠送某人…26.carry out a rule 执行规则27.be a native of 是…人be native to 原产于,是…的天性28.request sb to do sth 要求某人做…request (that)( should ) doa t sb’s request 应某人的要求make a request 请求29.in trouble/ danger/ order/debt/demand/prison/hospital在困境中/危险中/井然有序/负债/有需求/坐牢/住院30.on fire/show/sale/exhibition/holiday/vacation31.at work /war/ school /play / peace /ease/dinner/table132.under repair/construction/discussion/control33.in one direction 朝一个方向34.give commands 命令have a (good )command of…掌握command that (should) do35.as a rule 通常；照例36.play an important role/ part 在…中起重要作用37.one-way fare 单程票round-trip fare 往返票38.graduate from 从…毕业39.as usual 像往常一样 than usual 比往常40.at midnight / night /dawn/ sunrise/sunset/noon/dusk41.at an altitude of 在…海拔上42.the attitude to/ toward(s) 对…态度43.change one’s mind 改变主意make up one’s mind (s) to do 决心干某事44. sth be familiar to sb某事为某人所熟悉sb be familiar with sth某人熟悉…45.persuade sb to do sth= persuade sb into doing sth说服某人做某事persuade sb not to do sth=persuade sb out of doing sth 说服某人不做46.determine to do sth ( 动作)be determined to do sth （心理）决心干某47.insist on (one’s) sth/ doing sth 一定要；坚持要48.for one thing… for another一方面… 另一方面…话题作文相关词汇Friendshipget to know sb.(认识某人), know sb. really well(熟知某人), make friends with sb.(和某人交朋友), a strong personality (一个很强的个性), personal matters(隐私), friendship(友谊), friendly(友好的), a close friend(一个亲密的朋友), trust each other (相互信任), precious(珍贵的), worthy(有价值的), understanding(通情达理的), share …with sb.(与…分享…), be loyal to(对…忠诚), keep in touch with sb. (与…保持联系), keep company with sb.(和…结交), stay best friends with sb. (和…保持很好的友谊)等。

必修一Uint1 单元复习要点一、短语P11.add up 合计 add A to B;add to;add up to2.calm down（使）平静/镇定下来calm 主要用于气候，海洋等“风平浪静的”；也可指人，表示“镇静的”quiet 指没有吵闹声的，没有噪音的。

他强调声音很低，很小或全然无声。

still 可以指环境的安静，也可以指姿势保持一动不动silent 强调不发表意见，也可以指“寂静”，强调没有声音或沉默不语。

3.have got to 不得不；必须4.be concerned about 关心；挂念be concerned with 与……有关；涉及as far as … be concerned 就……而言5.take care of6.walk the dog遛狗7.work out算出，解决；制定；消耗完精力P28.go through 穿过；经历；仔细检查go by 过去；逝去go out熄灭；外出go over 复习；仔细检查go down 落下；下；下降go back 回；回忆起go across 走过；经过9.set down 记下；放下；登记set aside 留下；把…置于一边set up 建立；设立；set off 出发；动身；引爆；引发set out 动身；出发；开始；陈述10.a series of 一连串的；一系列的；一套11.on purpose 故意by design 故意地for/with the purpose of 为了12.in order to 为了…in order that / so that / so as to 13.too much/many + n.much too + a./ad.14.dare 情态动词/实义动词15.power 能力；力量；权利come to powerbe in powerbeyond one’s powerwithin one’s power16.happen to 碰巧；恰好；偶然做某事17.at dusk18.face to face 面对面地face-to-faceside by sideshoulder to shoulderhand in handheart to heart19.no longer不在P420.settle down 定居/安定下来21.suffer from loneliness 遭受孤单22.recover from 从…中痊愈/恢复recover oneself 恢复健康；清醒过来P523.get tired of 对…厌烦be tired from;be tired out24.pack up 将（东西）装箱打包a pack of一包…P625.have some trouble with sb.have some trouble in doing sth.26.get along well with sb. 某人与某人相处融洽27.fall in love 相爱；爱上 be in love28.be grateful to sb. for sth. 因某事感激某人29.join in; join; take part in; attend二、句型1.I wonder if it’s because I haven’t been able to be outdoors for so long that I have grown so crazy about everything to do with nature.It is …that… 引导的强调句2.It was the first time in a year that I had seen the night face to face.3.Your friend comes to school very upset.形容词可以作补语用来补充说明主语或宾语。