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部编版八年级上册课本名词总结
本文档旨在总结部编版八年级上册课本中出现的常用名词。
以下是一些重要的名词及其解释：
1. 科学：指研究自然现象和规律的学科，包括物理、化学、生物等。
2. 经济：指社会生产、分配、消费等方面的活动及其规律。
3. 政治：指国家权力的机构、组织和活动，以及人们在社会中行使权力的活动。
4. 历史：指过去的事件、事物以及与之相关的文化、社会等。
5. 文学：指通过语言文字来表达思想、感情以及创作艺术作品的一种形式。
6. 数学：指研究数与结构、变化以及空间关系等的学科。
7. 音乐：指通过声音的组织和表达，艺术化地表达情感和想法的一种形式。
8. 美术：指通过色彩、形状、线条等创作出具有美的艺术形象的学科。
9. 体育：指以锻炼身体、发展体质为目的的运动和活动。
10. 地理：指研究地球及其各种自然现象、人文现象的学科。
以上是部编版八年级上册课本中出现的一些重要名词的概述。
希望这份名词总结能够帮助学生更好地理解课本内容。
小学英语语法系列（一）名词1、概念名词是表示人，事物，地点或抽象概念的名称的词。
举例：表示人：mother、teacher、boy表示事物：door、pen、car表示地点：park、school、Guangdong表示抽象概念：health、beauty2、分类名词分为普通名词和专有名词。
普通名词分为可数名词和不可数名词。
专有名词：表示特定的人、地点、国家或事物等专用的名称。
（首字母需要大写！）举例：人名：Lisa、Tom国家、城市：China、Guangzhou称呼：Miss Wang、Mr Jones、Mrs Smith语言：Chinese,English星期：Monday,Tuesday,Wednesday,Thursday,Friday,Saturday,Sunday月份：January,February,March,April,May,June,July,August,September,October,November,December 节日：the Spring Festival,the Children’s day,Christmas练习：写出下列单词的中文意思1.pen_______2.schoolbag _______3.postcard _______4.pencil _______5.crayon_______6.English book _______7.eraser_______8.ruler_______9.notebook_______10.dictionary _______11.sharpener _______12.ic book _______13.purple _______14.orange _______15.rabbit_______16.ant_______17.bird _______18.giraffe_______19.bread _______20.biscuit_______21.grape _______22.eggplant_______23.green beans_______24.onion _______25.carrot_______26.train _______27.head_______28.ear_______29.shark_______30.actor_______31.juice_______32.hot dog _______33.tail_______34.kid _______35.socks _______36.shorts_______37.cloth _______38.sunglasses _______39.horse _______40.bear_______41.tiger _______42.egg_______43.tea_______44.meat_______45.neighbour _______46.pen pal_______47.baby _______48.people_______49.driver_______50.farmer_______答案：1、pen钢笔2、schoolbag 书包3、postcard 明信片4、pencil 铅笔5、crayon蜡笔6、English book 英语书7、eraser橡皮8、ruler尺子9、notebook笔记本10、dictionary 词典11、sharpener 卷笔刀12、ic book 漫画13、purple 紫色14、orange 橙色15、rabbit兔16、ant蚂蚁17、bird 鸟18、giraffe长颈鹿19.bread 面包19.biscuit 饼干20.grape 葡萄21.eggplant茄子22.green beans豆角23.onion 洋葱24.carrot胡萝卜25.train 火车26.head 头27.ear耳朵28.shark鲨鱼29.actor男演员30.juice果汁31.hot dog 热狗32.tail尾巴33.kid 小孩34.socks 袜子35.shorts 短裤36.cloth 布37.sunglasses 太阳镜38.horse 马39.bear熊40.tiger 老虎41.egg蛋42.tea茶43.meat肉44.neighbour 邻居45.pen pal笔友46.baby 婴儿47.people 人48.driver司机49.farmer农民。
初中英语名词冠词使用知识点归纳总结第一课时名词一、概述1、名词的属性：表示人或事物的名称抽象概念的词叫名词。
2、名词分普通名词和专有名词。
普通名词是表示某一类人或事物，或某种物体或抽象概念的名称。
如：teacher, desks, plates, milk, box等，专有名词表示某一特定的人、事物、地方团体、党派、国家机关、语言、节日等专用的名称。
（运用）如：China, Chinese, Saturday, June, Green, Beijing, Olympic等。
（专有名词的第一个字母要大写）二、可数名词与不可数名词1、可数名词是指表示人或事物，可以用数来计量的名词，有单复数之分。
如：glass-----glasses; book---- books2、不可数名词是指所表示的事物不能用数来计量。
如：paper, rice, water , milk, tea等。
3、有些名词在特定情况下由不可数变为可数名词。
Light travels faster than sound; (light：光线，不可数)The lights are on.(light：灯，可数)4、不可数名词的量的表示不可数名词一般无法用数来计算，前面不能用a或an或数词来表示数量，它的量往往借助于容器来表示。
如：a glass of milk ------four glasses of milka piece of paper------two pieces of papera bag of rice------three bags of rice三、可数名词的复数形式（识记、运用）1、可数名词在应用时有单复数之分，单数变复数有规则变化和不规则变化两种。
规则变化policeman---policemen; man---men; woman---women;tooth---teeth; foot---feet; sheep---sheep; deer---deer;Japanese--- Japanese; Chinese --- Chinese; fish --- fish四、名词所有格（运用）名词的所有格是表示所有关系的形式，它也有构成上的变化。
My name’s Gina一. 根据句意及首字母或汉语提示完成单词1. My n is Alice.【答案】name【解析】试题分析：句意：我的名字叫Alice。
name 名字，是一个名词。
根据句意可知，Alice是一个女孩的名字，故这里应填name。
考点：考查名词。
2. My cup is yellow. Your cup is yellow, t .【答案】too【解析】试题分析：句意：我的杯子是黄色的，你的杯子也是黄色的。
too也，常用于肯定句中，放在句末。
考点：考查副词。
3. Hi,I’m Bob. Nice to m you.【答案】meet【解析】试题分析：句意：你好，我叫Bob，见到你很高兴。
meet遇见，相逢，是一个动词。
Nice to meet you是固定句型，表示问候。
考点：考查动词。
4. Cows are black (和)white.【答案】and【解析】试题分析：句意：奶牛是黑白相间的。
and和，而且，是一个连词，这里连接两个表示颜色的形容词。
考点：考查连词。
5. She is (不)Linda. She is Mary.【答案】not【解析】试题分析：句意：她不是Linda，她是Mary。
not不，是一个否定副词，放在be动词的后面，构成否定句。
考点：考查副词。
二. 从方框中选词填空1. I’m Jack.. is Mike.【答案】He【解析】试题分析：句意：我是Jack，他是Mike。
根据句意可知，Mike是一个男孩的名字，这个空填的是该句的主语，故应填He，他，人称代词主格形式。
考点：考查代词。
2. —How Ms. Wang? ―She’s fine.【答案】is【解析】试题分析：句意：-王老师好吗？-她很好。
这句话的主语是Ms. Wang，是一个单数形式，故这里应填is。
考点：考查be动词。
3. —is his phone number? —2627678.【答案】What【解析】试题分析：句意：-他的电话号码是多少？-2627678。
名词写出下列名词的复数形式：1. house _________2. village ___________3. map __________4. orange _________5. bag ___________6. exercise ___________7. brush __________8. family ___________ 9. bus ___________10. city __________ 11. box ___________ 12. baby __________13. class __________ 14. factory _________ 15. glass __________16. dictionary __________ 17. watch _________ 18. woman _________19. match __________ 20. man _________ 21. wish __________22. German __________ 23. tomato _________ 24. policeman ___________25. kilo __________26. human _________ 27. potato ___________28. Chinese __________ 29. shelf __________ 30. Japanese __________31. leaf ___________ 32. American __________33. life ___________34. tooth __________ 35. wife ___________ 36. foot ___________37. knife __________ 38. sheep __________ 39. half ___________40. child __________. 选择填空：1. I want to buy ________.A. two bottles of inkB. two bottle of inkC. two bottle of inksD. two bottles of inks2. They don’t have to do _______ today.A. much homeworkB. many homeworksC. many homeworkD. much homeworks3. The ______ of machine made us feel sick.A. voiceB. noiseC. soundD. noises4. The blouse is made of ________.A. a woolB. these woodC. woolsD. wool5. There are three ______ and seven ______ in the picture.A. cows, sheepsB. cows, sheepC. cow, sheepD. cow, sheeps6. June 1 is _______.A. children’s dayB. children’s DayC. Children’s DayD. Children’s day7. ______ room is next to their parents’.A. Kate’s and Joan’sB. Kate’s and JoanC. Kate and Joan’sD. Kate and Joan8. Miss Green is a friend of _______.A. Mary’s mother’sB. Mary’s motherC. Mary mother’sD. mother’s of Mary9. Tom is ______. He will come to see me.A. my a friendB. a friendC. mine friendD. a friend of mine10. Sheep _______ white and milk _______ also white.A. is, areB. are, isC. is, isD. are, are11. I’d like to have a glass of milk and _______.A. two breadsB. two pieces of breadsC. two pieces of breadD. two piece of bread12. It’s a long ______ to Paris. It’s two thousand kilometers.A. streetB. roadC. wayD. end13. Many ______ are singing over there.A. womanB. womenC. girlD. child14. He bought _______.A. two pairs of shoesB. two pair of shoesC. two pairs of shoeD. two pair of shoe15. Mr. White has three _______.A. childB. childrenC. childsD. childrens16. Beijing is one of the biggest _______ in the world.A. citysB. cityC. cityesD. cities17. --- Where’s Mr. White? --- He’s in _______.A. the room 202B. Room 202C. the Room 202D. room 20218. Shops, hospitals and schools are all _______.A. placesB. homesC. roomsD. buildings19. Every morning Mr. Smith takes a _______ to his office.A. 20 minutes’ walksB. 20 minute’s walkC. 20-minutes walkD. 20-minute walk20. ---Are these ______? --- No, they aren’t. They’re _______.A. sheep, cowsB. sheep, cowC. sheeps, cowD. sheeps, cows21. There are many ______ in the fridge.A. fishB. fruitC. eggsD. bread22. --- Whose room is this? --- It’s _______.A. Li MingB. Li Ming’sC. Li MingsD. Li Mings’23. Here are ______ for you, Sue.A. potatosB. some potatoesC. three tomatosD. some tomato24. Here are some birthday cards with our best ______ for her.A. wishB. hopeC. wishesD. hopes25. I always go to that ______ to buy food on Sunday.A. shopB. parkC. zooD. garden26. What’s the Chinese for “ PRC”?A. 中国人民解放军B. 中华人民共和国C. 联合国D. 中国共产党27. Sam gave Ann some _______ to look after Polly while he was away.A. picture-booksB. inventionsC. instructionsD. messages28. --- Which of the following animals lives only in China? --- The ________.A. monkeyB. elephantC. pandaD. cat29. ______ room is on the 5th floor.A. Lucy and LilyB. Lucy and Lily’sC. Lucy’s and LilyD.Lucy’s and Lily’s30. The third month of the year is _______.A. MarchB. JanuaryC. FebruaryD. April31. Mum, I’m quite thirsty. Please give me ________.A. two orangeB. two bottle of orangesC. two bottles of orangeD. two bottles of oranges32. How wonderful! The ______ is made of _______.A. house, glassB. house, glassesC. houses, glassD. houses, glasses33. I met some ______ in the park and talked with them the other day.A. JanpanesesB. AmericanC. ChinesesD. English34. _______ is the best time for planting trees.A. SummerB. WinterC. SpringD. Autumn35. Tom was badly hurt in the match. They carried him to the ______ as quickly as possible.A. bankB. post officeC. shopD. hospital36. There are two ______ in the room.A. shelfB. shelfsC. shelfesD. shelves37. There are seven ______ in a week.A. yearsB. monthsC. daysD. minutes38. My father is a ______. He works in a hospital.A. teacherB. doctorC. farmerD. writer39. It’s very cold today. Why don’t you put on your ______?A. watchB. shirtC. sweaterD. glasses40. --- Excuse me, are you ______? --- Yes, I’m from ________.A. Japan, JapaneseB. China, ChineseC. England, EnglishD. American, America第 3 页共3 页。
