Topology, normalisability and the Schrodinger equation Compact QED (2+1)

2022年考研英语二真题及答案解析Section I Use of EnglishDirections：Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)Harlan C oben believes that if you’re a writer, you’ll find the time;and that if you can’t find the time, then writing isn’t a priority and you’re not a writer.For him, writing is a 1 job, a job like any other. He has 2 it with plumbing, pointing out that a plu mber doesn’t wake up and say that he can’t wo rk with pipes today.3 , like most writers these days, you’re holding down a job to pay the bills, it’s not4 to find the time to write. But it’s not impossible. It requires determination and single-mindedness.5 that most best selling authors began writing when they were doing other things to earn a living. And today, even writers who are fairly6 often have to do other work to7 their writing income.As Harlan Coben has suggested it’s a8 of priorities. To make writing a priority, you'll have to 9 some of your day-to-day activities and some things you really enjoy. Depending on your 10 and your lifestyle, that might mean spending less time watching television or listening to music, though some people can write 11 they listen to music. You might have to 12 the amount of exercise or sport you do. You’ll have to make social media an13 activity rather than a daily, time-consuming 14 . There’ll probably have to be less socializ ing with your with your family. It’s a15 learning curve, and it won’t always make you popular.There’s just one thing you should try to keep at least some time for16 your writing and that’s reading. Any write needs to read as mach and as widely as they can. It’s the one 17 supporter-s omething you can’t do without.Time is finite, the older you yet, the 18 it seems to go. We need to use it as carefully and as 19 as we can. That means prioritising out activities so that we spend most time on the things we really want to do. If you are a writer, that means 20 writing.1.[A] difficult2.[A] combined3.[A] If4.[A] enough5.[A] Accept6.[A] well-known7.[A] donate8.[A] cause9.[A] highlight10.[A] relations11.[A] until12.[A] put up with13.[A] intelligent [B] normal[B] compared[B] Through[B] strange[B] Explain[B] well-advised[B] generate[B] purpose[B] sacrifice[B] interests[B] because[B] make up for[B] occasional[C] steady[C] confused[C] Once[C] wrong[C] Remember[C] well-informed[C] supplement[C] question[C] continue[C] memories[C] while[C] hang on to[C] intensive[D] pleasant[D] confronted[D] Unless[D] easy[D] Suppose[D] well-chosen[D] calculate[D] condition[D] explore[D] skills[D] before[D] cut down on[D] emotional14.[A] habit15.[A] tough16.[A] in addition to17.[A] indispensable18.[A] duller19.[A] peacefully20.[A] at most[B] test[B] gentle[B] in charge of[B] innovative[B] harder[B] generously[B] in turn[C] decision[C] rapid[C] in response to[C] invisible[C] quieter[C] productively[C] on average[D] plan[D] funny[D] in addition to[D] instant[D] quicker[D] gratefully[D] above all Section II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections：Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. （40 points）Text 1On a recent sunny day, 13,000 chickens roam over Larry Brown’s 40 windswept acres in Shiner, Texas. Some rest in the shade of a parked car. Others drink water with the cows. This all seems random, but it’s by design, part of what the $6.1 billion U.S. egg in dustry bets will be its next big thing: climate-friendly eggs.These eggs, which are making their debut now on shelves for as much as $8 a dozen, are still labeled organic and animal-friendly, but they’re also from birds that live on farms using regenerative agriculture—special techniques to cultivate rich soils that can trap greenhouse gases. Such eggs could be marketed as helping to fight climate change.“I’m excited about our progress,” says Brown, who harvests eggs for Denver-based NestFresh Eggs and is adding more cover crops that draw worms and crickets for the chickens to eat. The birds’ waste then fertilizes fields. Such improvements “allow our hens to forage for higher-quality natural feed that will be good for the land, the hens, and the eggs that we supply to our customers.”The egg industry’s push is the first major test of whether animal products from regenerative farms can become the next premium offering. In barely more than a decade, organic eggs went from being dismissed as a niche product in natural foods stores to being sold at Walmart. More recently there were similar doubts about probiotics and plant-based meats, but both have exploded into major supermarket categories. If the sustainable-egg rollout is successful, it could open the floodgates for regenerative beef, broccoli, and beyond.Regenerative products could be a hard sell, because the concept is tough to define quickly, says Julie Stanton, associate professor of agricultural economics at Pennsylvania State University Brandywine. Such farming also brings minimal, if any, improvement to the food products (though some producers say their eggs have more protein).The industry is betting that the same consumers paying more for premium attributes such as free-range, non-GMO, and pasture-raised eggs will embrace sustainability. Surveys show that younger generations are more concerned about climate change, and some of the success ofplant-based meat can be chalked up to shoppers wanting to signal their desire to protect the environment. Young adults “really care about the planet,” says John Brunnquell, president of Egg Innovations. “They are absolutely altering the food chain beyond what I think even they understand what they’re doing.”21. The climate-friendly eggs are produced ______.[A] at a considerably low cost [B] at the demand of regular shoppers[C] as a replacement for organic eggs [D] on specially designed farms22. Larry Brown is excited about his progress in ______.[A] reducing the damage of climate change [B] accelerating the disposal of waste[C] creating a sustainable system [D] attracting customers to his products23. The example of organic eggs is used in Paragraph 4 to suggest ______.[A] the doubts over natural feeds [B] the setbacks in the egg industry[C] the potential of regenerative products [D] the promotional success of supermarkets24. It can be learned from the last paragraph that young people ______.[A] are reluctant to change their diet [B] are likely to buy climate-friendly eggs[C] are curious about new food [D] are amazed at agriculture advances25. John Brunnquell would disagree with Julie Stanton over regenerative product’s _____.[A] market prospects [B] standard definition[C] nutritional value [D] moral implicationText 2More Americans are opting to work well into retirement, a growing trend that threatens to up end the old workforce model.One in three Americans who are at least 40 have or plan to have a job in retirement to prepare for a longer life, according to a survey conducted by Harris Poll for TD Ameritrade. Even more surprising is that more than half of “unretirees”–those who plan to work in retirement or went back to work after retiring–said they would be employed in their later years even if they had enough money to settle down, the survey showed.Financial needs aren’t the only culprit for the “unretirement” trend. Other reasons, according to the study, include personal fulfillment such as staying mentally fit, preventing boredom or avoiding depression.“The concept of retirement is evolving,” said Christine Russell, senior manager of retirement at TD Ameritrade. “It’s not just about finances. The value of work is also driving folks to continue working past retirement.”One reason for the change in retirement patterns: Americans are living longer. The share of the population 65 and older was 16% in 2018, up 3.2% from the prior year, according to the U.S. Census Bureau. That’s also up 30.2% since 2010.Because of longer life spans, Americans are also boosting their savings to preserve their nest eggs, the TD Ameritrade study showed, which surveyed 2,000 adults between 40 to 79. Six in 10 “unretirees” are increasing their savings in anticipation of a longer life, according to the survey. Among the most popular ways they are doing this, the company said, is by reducing their overall expenses, securing life insurance or maximizing their contributions to retirement accounts.Unfortunately, many people who are opting to work in retirement are preparing to do so because they are worried about making ends meet in their later years, said Brent Weiss, a co-founder at Baltimore-based financial-planning firm Facet Wealth. He suggested that preretirees should speak with a financial adviser to set long-term financial goals.“The most challenging moments in life are getting married, starting a family and ultimately retiring,” Weiss said. “It’s not just a financial decision, but an emotional one. Many people believe they can’t retire.”26. The survey conducted by Harris Poll indicates that .[A] over half of the retirees are physically fit for work[B] the old workforce is as active as the younger one does[C] one in three Americans enjoy earlier retirement[D] more Americans are willing to work in retirement27. It can be inferred from Paragraph 3 that Americans tend to think that .[A] retirement may cause problems for them[B] boredom can be relieved after retirement[C] the mental health of retirees is overlooked[D] “unretirement”contributes to the economy28. Retirement patterns are changing partly due to .[A] labor shortage [B] population growth[C] longer life expectancy [D] rising living costs29. Many retirees are increasing their savings by .[A] investing more in stocks [B] taking up odd jobs[C] getting well-paid work [D] spending less30. With regard to retirement, Brent Weiss thinks that many people are .[A] unprepared [B] unafraid[C] disappointed [D] enthusiasticText 3We have all encountered them, in both our personal and professional lives. Think about the times you felt tricked or frustrated by a membership or subscription that had a seamless sign-up process but was later difficult to cancel. Something that should be simple and transparent can be complicated, intentionally or unintentionally, in ways that impair consumer choice. These are examples of dark patterns.First coined in 2010 by user experience expert Harry Brignull, “dark patter ns" is a catch-all term for practices that manipulate user interfaces to influence the decision-making ability of users. Brignull identifies 12 types of common dark patterns, ranging from misdirection and hidden costs to “roach motel”, where a user experie nce seems easy and intuitive at the start, but turns difficult when the user tries to get out.In a 2019 study of 53,000 product pages and 11,000 websites, researchers found that about one in 10 employs these design practices. Though widely prevalent, the concept of dark patterns is still not well understood. Business and nonprofit leaders should be aware of dark patterns and try to avoid the gray areas they engender.Where is the line between ethical, persuasive design and dark patterns? Businesses should engage in conversations with IT, compliance, risk, and legal teams to review theirprivacy policy, and include in the discussion the customer/user experience designers and coders responsible for the company's user interface, as well as the marketers and advertisers responsible for sign-ups, checkout baskets, pricing, and promotions. Any or all these teams can play a role in creating or avoiding “digital deception.”Lawmakers and regulators are slowly starting to address the ambiguity around dark patterns, most recently at the state level. In March, the California Attorney General announced the approval of additional regulations under the California Consumer Privacy Act (CCPA) that “ensure that consumers will not be confused or misled when seeking to exercise their data privacy rights.” The regulations aim to ban dark patterns- this means prohibiting companies from using "confusing language or unnecessary steps such as forcing them to click through multiple screens or listen to reasons why they shouldn’t opt out.”As more states consider promulgating additional regulations, there is a need for greater accountability from within the business community. Dark patterns also can be addressed on a self-regulatory basis, but only if organizations hold themselves accountable, not just to legal requirements, but also to industry best practices and standard.31. It can be learned from the first two paragraphs that dark patterns ______.[A] improve user experiences [B] leak user information for profit[C] underm ine users’ decision-making [D] remind users of hidden costs32. The 2019 study on dark patterns is mentioned to show ______.[A] their major flaws [B] their complex designs[C] their severe damage [D] their strong presence33. To handle digital deception, businesses should ______.[A] listen to customer feedback [B] talk with relevant teams[C] turn to independent agencies [D] rely on professional training34. The additional regulations under the CCPA are intended to ______.[A] guide users through opt-out processes[B] protect consumers from being tricked[C] grant companies data privacy rights[D] restrict access to problematic content35. According to the last paragraph, a key to coping with dark patterns is ______.[A] new legal requirements [B] businesses' self-discipline[C] strict regulatory standards [D] consumers' safety awarenessText 4Although ethics classes are common around the world, scientists are unsure if their lessons can actually change behavior; evidence either way is weak, relying on contrived laboratory tests or sometimes unreliable self-reports. But a new study published in Cognition found that, in at least one real-world situation, a single ethics lesson may have had lasting effects.The researchers investigated one class session’s impact on eating meat. They chose this particular behavior for three reasons, according to study co-author Eric Schwitzgebel, a philosopher at the University of California, Riverside: s tudents’ attitudes on the topic are variable and unstable, behavior is easily measurable, and ethics literature largely agrees that eating less meat is good because it reduces environmental harm and animal suffering. Half ofthe students in four large philosophy classes read an article on the ethics of factory-farmed meat, optionally watched an 11-minute video on the topic and joined a 50-minute discussion. The other half focused on charitable giving instead. Then, unknown to the students, the researchers studied their anonymized meal-card purchases for that semester—nearly 14,000 receipts for almost 500 students.Schwitzgebel predicted the intervention would have no effect; he had previously found that ethics professors do not differ from other professors on a range of behaviors, including voting rates, blood donation and returning library books. But among student subjects who discussed meat ethics, meal purchases containing meat decreased from 52 to 45 percent—and this effect held steady for the study’s dur ation of several weeks. Purchases from the other group remained at 52 percent.“That's actually a pretty large effect for a pretty small intervention,” Schwitzgebel says. Psychologist Nina Strohminger at the University of Pennsylvania, who was not involved in the study, says she wants the effect to be real but cannot rule out some unknown confounding variable. And if real, she notes, it might be reversible by another nudge: “Easy come, easy go.”Schwitzgebel suspects the greatest impact came from social influence—classmates or teaching assistants leading the discussions may have shared their own vegetarianism, showing it as achievable or more common. Second, the video may have had an emotional impact. Least rousing, he thinks, was rational argument, although his co-authors say reason might play a bigger role. Now the researchers are probing the specific effects of teaching style, teaching assistants’ eating habits and students’ video exposure. Meanwhile Schwitzgebel—who had predicted no effect—will be eating his words.36. Scientists generally believe that the effects of ethics classes are ______.[A] hard to determine [B] narrowly interpreted[C] difficult to ignore [D] poorly summarized37. Which of the following is a reason for the researchers to study meat-eating?[A] It is common among students. [B] It is a behavior easy to measure.[C] It is important to students’ health.[D] It is a hot topic in ethics classes.38. Eric Schwitzgebel’s previous findings suggest that et hics professors ______.[A] are seldom critical of their students[B] are less sociable than other professors[C] are not sensitive to political issues[D] are not necessarily ethically better39. Nina Strohminger thinks that the effect of the intervention is ______.[A] permanent [B] predictable[C] uncertain [D] unrepeatable40. Eric Schwitzgebel suspects that the students’ change in behavior ______.[A] can bring psychological benefits [B] can be analyzed statistically[C] is a result of multiple factors [D] is a sign of self-developmentPart BDirections：Read the following text and match each of the numbered items in the left column to its corresponding information in the right column. There are two extra choices in the right column. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. （10 points）[A] Make it a habit[B] Don’ t go it alone[C] Start low , go slow[D] Talk with your doctor[E] Listen to your body[F] Go through the motions[G] Round out your routineHow to Get Active Again After a BreakMoving your body has been shown to reduce anxiety and depression, lower rates of many types of cancer and the risk of a heart attack, and improve overall immunity. It also helps build strength and stamina.Getting back into exercise can be a challenge in the best of times, but with gyms and in-person exercise classes off - limits to many people these days because of COVID-19 concerns, it can be tricky to know where to start. And it’s important to get the right dose of activity. “Too much too soon either results in injury or burnout,” says Mary Yoke, PhD, a faculty member in the kinesiology department at Indiana University in Bloomington.The following simple strategies will help you return to exercise safely after a break.41.____________________Don’t try to go back to what you were doing before your break. If you were walking 3 miles a day, playing 18 holes of golf three times week, or lifting 10-pound dumbbells for three sets of 10 reps, reduce activity to half a mile every other day, or nine holes of golf once a week with short walks on other days, or use 5-pound dumbbells for one set of 10 reps.Increase time, distance, and intensity gradually. “This isn’t something you can do overnight,” Denay says. But you will reap benefits such as less anxiety and improved sleep right away.42.____________________If you’re breathing too hard to talk in complete sentences, back off. If you feel good, go a little longer or faster. Feeling wiped out after a session? Go easier next time. And stay alert to serious symptoms, such as chest pain or pressure, severe shortness of breath or dizziness, or faintness, and seek medical attention immediately.43.____________________Consistency is the key to getting stronger and building endurance and stamina.Ten minutes of activity per day is a good start, says Marcus Jackovitz, DPT, a physical therapist at the University of Miami Hospital. All the experts we spoke with highly recommend walking because it’s the easiest, most accessible f orm of exercise. Although it canbe a workout on its own, if your goal is to get back to Zumba classes, tennis, cycling, or any other activity, walking is also a great first step.44.____________________Even if you can’t yet do a favorite activity, you ca n practice the moves. With or without a club or racket, swing like you’re hitting the ball. Paddle like you're in a kayak or canoe. Mimic your favorite swimming strokes. The action will remind you of the joy the activity brought you and prime your muscles for when you can get out there again.45.____________________Exercising with others “can keep you accountable and make it more fun, so you're more likely to do it again,” ¬Jackovitz says.You can do activities such as golf and tennis or take a walk with others and still be socially distant. But when you can’t connect in person, consider using technology. Chat on the phone with a friend while you walk around your neighborhood. FaceTime or Zoom with a relative as you strength train or stretch at home.You can also join a livestream or on-demand exercise class. SilverSneakers offers them for older adults, or try EverWalk for virtual challenges.Section III Translation41. Directions:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points) Although we try our best, sometimes our paintings rarely turn out as originally planned. Changes in the light, the limitations of your painting materials, and the lack of experience and technique mean that what you start out trying to achieve may not come to life the way that you expected.Although this can be frustrating and disappointing, it turns out that this can actually be good for you. Unexpected results have two benefits: you pretty quickly learn to deal with disappointment and realise that when one door closes, another opens. You also quickly learn to adapt and come up with creative solutions to the problems the painting presents, and thinking outside the box will become your second nature.In fact, creative problem-solving skills are incredibly useful in daily life, with which you are more likely to be able to find a solution when a problem arises.Section IV WritingPart A42. Directions:Suppose you are planning a campus food festival. Write an email to the international students in your university to1) introduce the food festival, and2) invite them to participate.You should write about 100 words on the ANSWER SHEET.Do not use your own name in the email; use “Li Ming” instead. (10 points) Part B48. Directions:Write an essay based on the chart below. In your writing, you should1) interpret the chart, and2) give your comments.You should write about 150 words on the ANSWER SHEET. (15 points)答案解析Section I Use of English1.[B] normal2. [B] compared3. [A] If4. [D] easy5.[C] Remember6. [A] well-known7. [C] supplement8. [C] question9. [B] sacrifice 10. [B] interests 11. [C] while 12. [D] cut down on13. [B] occasional 14. [A] habit 15. [A] tough 16. [D] in addition to 17. [A] indispensable 18. [D] quicker 19. [C] productively 20. [D] above all Section II Reading ComprehensionPart AText 121.【答案】[D] on specially designed farms【解析】本题为细节题。

平衡学术与运动的英语作文Balancing Academics and Sports.In the fast-paced world of today, where the demands of academics and professional life are constantly on the rise, it's crucial to maintain a healthy work-life balance. This balance is even more essential for students, who often find themselves juggling between the rigors of their studies and the demands of extracurricular activities, especially sports. Balancing academics and sports is not only about managing time efficiently but also about cultivating a lifestyle that promotes overall well-being.The Importance of Sports.Sports play a vital role in the personal and academic development of students. They provide a platform for physical exercise, which is essential for maintaining good health. Regular physical activity helps in reducing stress levels, improving concentration, and enhancing cognitivefunctions. Additionally, sports teach valuable life lessons such as teamwork, discipline, and resilience. They also provide an opportunity for students to socialize and make friends, thus contributing to their emotional well-being.Challenges in Balancing Academics and Sports.However, balancing academics and sports can be a challenging task. The pressure to perform well academically can often leave students with little time for extracurricular activities. This can lead to a situation where they either compromise on their studies or miss out on the benefits of sports participation. Additionally, the intense training schedules and competitive nature of sports can sometimes create conflicts with academic commitments.Strategies for Achieving Balance.To achieve a balance between academics and sports, students need to adopt certain strategies. Firstly, they should prioritize their tasks and set clear goals. This helps in managing time effectively and ensuring that bothacademic and sports commitments are met. Secondly, students should learn to manage their stress levels. This can be done through relaxation techniques, such as deep breathing or meditation, which help in reducing anxiety and improving concentration.Moreover, it's important for students to seek support from their family, friends, and teachers. They should communicate their challenges and seek advice on how to balance their schedule. Additionally, schools and educational institutions can play a role in promoting a healthy work-life balance by providing facilities for sports and extracurricular activities.The Role of Technology.Technology can also be a valuable tool in helping students balance their academics and sports. Digital tools and applications can help in managing schedules, tracking progress, and staying organized. For example, students can use calendar apps to plan their daily tasks and ensure that they don't miss any important deadlines or trainingsessions. They can also use online resources to accessstudy materials and prepare for exams.Conclusion.In conclusion, balancing academics and sports is essential for the overall development of students. It helps them in achieving academic success while also promoting physical and emotional well-being. To achieve this balance, students need to adopt strategic time management techniques, manage their stress levels, and seek support from their family, friends, and teachers. Additionally, they can leverage technology to stay organized and track their progress. By fostering a healthy work-life balance,students can ensure that they not only excel academically but also enjoy a fulfilling and rewarding life.。

2022年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语（二）试题Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the bestword(s) for each numbered black and mark A, B5 C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)Harlan Coben believes that if you are a writer, you will find the time; and that if you can't find the time, then writing isn't a priority, and you are not a writer. For him, writing is a —1 — job—a job like any other. He has_2_ it with plumbing, pointing out that a plumber doesn't wake up and say that he can't work with pipes today.—3—3like most writers these days, you're holding down a job to pay the bills, ifs not _4_ to find the time to write. But it's not impossible. It requires determination and single-mindedness. —5—that most bestselling authors began writing when they were doing other things to earn a living. And today, even writers who are fairly _6_ often have to do other work to _7_ their writing income.Financial needs aren't the only culprit for the "unretirement” trend. Other reasons, a ccording to the study, include personal fulfillment such as staying mentally fit5 preventing boredom or avoiding depression.About 72% of "unretire” respondents said that they would return to work once retired to keep mentally fit while 59% said it would be tied to making ends meet."The concept of retirement is evolving,” said Christine Russell, senior manager of retirement at TD Ameritrade. ”lt's not just about finances. The value of work is also driving folks to continue working past retirement.”One reason for the change in retirement patterns: Americans are living longer. The share of the population 65 and older was 16%in 20185 up 3.2% from the prior year, according to the U.S Census Bureau. Thafs also up 30.2% since 2010.Because of longer life spans, Americans are also boosting their savings to preserve their nest eggs, the TD Ameritrade study showed, which surveyed 2000 adults between 40 to 79. Six in 10 "unretirees” are increasingtheir savings in anticipation of a longer life, according tothe survey. Among the most popular ways they are doing this, the company said, is by reducing their overall expenses, securing life insurance or maximizing their contributions to retirement accounts.Unfortunately, many people who are opting to work in retirement are preparing to do so because they are worried about making ends meet in their later years, said Brent Weiss, a co-founder at Baltimore-based financial-planning firm Facet Wealth. He suggested that preretirees should speak with a financial adviser to set long-term financial goals.“The most challenging moments in life are getting married, starting a family and ultimately retiring；1Facet Wealth cofounder Brent Weiss told USA Today. "It's not just a financial decision, but an emotional one. Many people believe they can't retire/126. The survey conducted by Harris Poll indicates that[A] over half of the retirees are physically fit for work[B] the old workforce is as active as the younger one[C] one in three Americans enjoy earlier retirement[D] more Americans are willing to work in retirement27. It can be inferred from Paragraph 3 that Americans tend to think that __________[A] retirement may cause problems for them[B] boredom can be relieved after retirement[C] the mental health of retirees is overlooked[D] “unretirement” contributes to the economy28. Retirement patterns are changing partly due to[A] labor shortages[B] population growth[C] longer life expectancy[D] rising living costs29. Many retires are increasing in savings by __________[A] investing more in stocks[B] taking up odd jobs[C] getting well paid work[D] spending less30. With regard to retirement, Brent Weiss thinks thatmany people are __________[A] unprepared[B] unafraid[C] disappointed[D] enthusiasticText 3We have all encountered them, in both our personal and professional lives. Think about the times you felt tricked or frustrated by a membership or subscription that had a seamless sign-up process but was later difficult to cancel something that should be simple and transparent can be complicated, intentionally or unintentionally, in ways thatimpair consumer choice. These are examples of dark patterns.First coined in 2010 by user experience expert Harry Brignull, "dark patterns11is a catch-all term for practices that manipulate user interfaces to influence the decision-making ability of users. Brignull identifies 12 types of common dark patterns, ranging from misdirection and hidden costs to roach motel, where user experience seems easy and intuitive at the start, but turns difficult when the user tries to get out.In a 2019 study of 53,000 product pages and 11,000 websites, researchers found that about one in 10 employs these design practices. Though widely prevalent, the concept of dark patterns is still not well understood. Business and nonprofit leaders should be aware of dark patterns and try to avoid the gray areas they engender.Where is the line between ethical, persuasive design and dark patterns? Businesses should engage in conversations with IT, compliance, risk, and legal teams to review their privacy policy, and include in the discussionthe customer/user experience designers and coders responsible for the company's user interface, as well as the marketers and advertisers responsible for sign-ups checkout baskets, pricing, and promotions. Any or all these teams can play a role in creating or avoiding "digital deception”.Lawmakers and regulators are slowly starting to address the ambiguity around dark patterns, most recently at the state level. In March, the California Attorney General announced the approval of additional regulations under the California Consumer Privacy Act (CCPA) that ensures that consumers will not be confused or misled when seeking to exercise their data privacy rights. The regulations aim to ban dark pattern—this means prohibiting companies from using confusing language or unnecessary steps such as forcing them to click through multiple screens or listen to reasons why they shouldn't opt out.As more states consider promulgating additional regulations, there is a need for greater accountability from within the business community. Dark patterns also be addressed on a self-regulatory basis, but only iforganizations hold themselves accountable, not just to legal requirements, but also to industry best practices and standard.31. It can be learned from the first two paragraphs thatdark patterns __________ .[A] improve user experiences[B] leak user information for profit[C] undermine users* decision-making[D] remind users of hidden costs32. The 2019 study on dark patterns is mentioned to show■[A] their major flaws[B] their complex designs[C] their severe damage[D] their strong presence33. To handle digital deception, businesses should[A] listen to customer feedback[B] talk with relevant teams[C] turn to independent agencies[D] rely on professional training34. The additional regulations under the CCPA are intended to __________ .[A] guide users through opt-out processes[B] protect consumers from being tricked[C] grant companies data privacy rights[D] restrict access to problematic content35. According to the last paragraph, a key to coping with dark patterns is __________ .[A] new legal requirements[B] businesses1 self -discipline[C] strict regulatory standards[D] consumers* safety awarenessText 4Although ethics classes are common around the world, scientists are unsure if their lessons can actually change behavior, evidence either way is weak, relying on contrived laboratory tests or sometimes unreliable self-reports. But a new study published in Cognition found that, in at least one real-world situation, a single ethics lesson may have had lasting effects.The researchers investigated one class sessions1 impact on eating meat. They chose this particular behavior for three reasons, according to study co-author Eric Schwitzgebel, a philosopher at the University of California, Riverside: students1attitudes on the topic are variable and unstable, behavior is easily measurable, and ethics literature largely agrees that eating less meat is good because it reduces environmental harm and animal suffering. Half of the students in four large philosophy classes read an article on the ethics of factory-farmed meat, optionally watched an 11 -minute video on the topic and joined a 50-minute discussion. The other half focused on charitable giving instead.Then, unknown to the students, the researchers studied their anonymized meal-card purchases for thatsemester一nearly 14,000 receipts for almost 500 students. Schwitzgebel predicted the intervention would have no effect; he had previously found that ethics professors do not differ from other professors on a range of behaviors, including voting rates, blood donation and returning library books. But among student subjects who discussed meat ethics, meal purchases containing meat decreased from52 to 45 percent-and this effect held steady for the study's duration of several weeks. Purchases from the other group remained at 52 percent.Thafs actually a pretty large effect for a pretty small intervention, Schwitzgebel says. Psychologist Nina Strohminger at the University of Pennsylvania, who was not involved in the study, says she wants the effect to be real but cannot rule out some unknown confounding variable. And if real she notes, it might be reversible by another nudge: "Easy come, easy go.”Schwitzgebel suspects the greatest impact came from social influence ・ classmates or teaching assistantsAs Harlan Coben has suggested ifs a_8—of priorities. To make writing a priority, youll have to _9—some of your day-to-day activities and some things you really enjoy.Depending on your _10—and your lifestyle that might mean spending less time watching television or listening to music, though some people can write _11—they listen to music. You might have to _12_ the amount of exercise or sport you do. Youll have to make social media an —13—activity rather than a daily, time-consuming —14_. Therell probably have to be less socializing with your friends and less time with your family. Ifs a_ 15_ learning curve, and it won't always make you popular.There's just one thing you should try to keep at least some time for3_16—your writing and thafs reading. Any write needs to read as much and as wildly as they can. It's the one _17_ supporter一something you can't do without.Time is finite. The older you get, the _18—it seems to go. We need to use it as carefully and as _19— as weleading the discussions may have shared their own vegetarianism, showing it as achievable or more common. Second, the video may have had an emotional impact. Least rousing, he thinks, was rational argument, although his co-authors say reason might play a bigger role. Now there searchers are probing the specific effects of teaching style, teaching assistants eating habits and students1video exposure Meanwhile Schwitzgebel who had predicted no effect-will be eating his words.36. Scientists generally believe that the effects of ethics classes are __________ .[A] hard to determine[B] narrowly interpreted[C] difficult to ignore[D] poorly summarized37. Which of the following is a reason for the researchersto study meat-eating?[A] It is common among students.[B] It is a behavior easy to measure.[C] It is important to students1 health.[D] It is a hot topic in ethics classes38. Eric SchwitzgebePs previous findings suggest that ethics professors __________ .[A] are seldom critical of their students[B] are less sociable than other professors[C] are not sensitive to political issues[D] are not necessarily ethically better39. Nina Strohminger thinks that effect of the intervention is __________ .[A] permanent[B] predictable[C] uncertain[D] unrepeatable40. Eric Schwitzgebel suspects that the students* change in behavior __________ .[A] can bring psychological benefits[B] can be analyzed statistically[C] is a result of multiple factors[D] is a sign of self-developmentPart BDirections: Read the following text and answer the questions by choosing the most suitable subtitle from the list A-G for each numbered paragraph (41-45). There are two extra subtitles which you do not need to use. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET1. (10 points)[A] Make it a habit[B] Don't go it alone[C] Start low, go slow[D] Talk with your doctor[E] Listen to your body[F] Go through the motions[G] Round out your routineHow to Get Active AgainGetting back into exercise after a break can be a challenge in the best of times, but with gyms and in-person exercise classes off-limits to many people these days, it can be tricky to know where to start. And it is important to get the right dose of activity. "Too much too soon either results in injury or burnout」says Mary Yoke, PhD, a faculty member in the kinesiology department at Indiana University in Bloomington. The following simple strategies will help you return to exercise safely after a break.41. ___________________________Don f t try to go back to what you were doing before your break. If you were walking 3 miles a day, playing 18 holes of golf three times a week, or lifting 10-pound dumbbells for three sets of 10 reps, reduce activity to half a mile every other day, or nine holes of golf once a week with short walks on other days, or use 5-pound dumbbells for one set of 10 reps. Increase time, distance, and intensity gradually."This isn't something you can do overnight/1says Keri L. Denay, MD. lead author of a recent American College of Sports Medicine advisory that encourages Americans to not overlook the benefits of activity during the pandemic. But youll reap benefits such as less anxiety and improved sleep right away.42. ___________________________If you're breathing too hard to talk in complete sentences, back off. If you feel good, go a little longer or faster. Feeling wiped out after a session? Go easier next time. And stay alert to serious symptoms, such as chest pain or pressure, severe shortness of breath or dizziness, or faintness, and seek medical attention immediately.43. ___________________________Consistency is the key to getting stronger and building endurance and stamina. Ten minutes of activity per day isa good start says Marcus Jackovitz, DPT, a physical therapist at the University of Miami Hospital. All the experts we spoke with highly recommend walking because ifs the easiest, most accessible form of exercise. Although it canbe a workout on its own, if your goal is to get back to Zumba classes, tennis, cycling or any other activity walking is also a great first step.44. ___________________________Even if you can't yet do a favorite activity, you can practice the moves. With or without a club or racket swing like you're hitting the ball. Paddle like you're in a kayak or canoe. Mimic your favorite swimming strokes. The action will remind you of the joy the activity brought you and prime your muscles for when you can get out there again.45. ___________________________Exercising with others H can keep you accountable and make it more fun5so you're more likely to do it again,”Jackovitz says. You can do activities such as golf and tennis or take a walk with others and still be socially distant. But when you can't connect in person, consider using technology. Chat on the phone with a friend while you walk around your neighborhood. FaceTime with a relative as you strength train or stretch at home. You can also join a livestream or on-demand exercise class.Section III Translation46. Directions: In this section there is a text in English. Translate it into Chinese. Write your translation on ANSWER SHEET 2. (15 points)Although we try out best, sometimes our paintings rarely turn out as originally planned. Changes in the light, the limitations of your painting materials, and the lack of experience and technique mean that what you start out trying to achieve may not come to life the way that you expected.Although this can be frustrating and disappointing, it turns out that this can actually be good for you. Unexpected results have two benefits: you pretty quickly learn to deal with disappointment and realize that when one door closes, another opens. You also quickly learn to adapt and come up with creative solutions to the problems the painting presents and thinking outside the box will become your second nature.In fact, creative problem-solving skills are incredibly useful in daily life, with which you are more likely to be able to find a solution when a problem arises.Section IV WritingPart A47. Directions:Suppose you are planning a campus food festival, write an email to international students in your university to1) introduce the food festival2) invite them to participateYou should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET.(10 points)Do not use your own name. Use "Li Ming" instead.Part B48. Directions:Write an essay based on the chart below. In your writing, you should1) interpret the chart and2) give your commentsYou should write about 150 words in the ANSWER SHEET.(15 points)2022年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语（二）试题参考答案Section I Use of English1-5 BBADC 6-10 ACCBB 11-15 CDBAA 16-20 DADCDSection II Reading Comprehension21-25 DCCBA 26-30 DACDA 31-35 CDBBB 36-40 ABDCC 41-45CEAFBSection III Translation46. 参考译文虽然我们会竭尽全力，但有时我们的画作还是会和我们原本设想的不太一样。

高二英语哲学观点讨论练习题30题1<背景文章>Plato is one of the most influential philosophers in Western history. His philosophical ideas have had a profound impact on the development of Western thought.Plato's philosophy is centered around the concept of Forms. According to Plato, the physical world that we perceive through our senses is only a shadow or imitation of the true reality, which consists of eternal and unchanging Forms. For example, the beautiful things we see in the world are only imperfect copies of the Form of Beauty.Plato's most famous work is "The Republic". In this book, he presents his vision of an ideal state, ruled by philosopher-kings. The Republic also discusses topics such as justice, education, and the nature of the soul.Plato's influence on later philosophers and thinkers has been immense. His ideas have inspired generations of scholars and continue to be studied and debated today.Plato's philosophical dialogues are written in a unique style. They often feature Socrates as the main character, engaging in discussions with various people on different philosophical topics. This style of writing makes his ideas accessible and engaging.Plato's thought has also had an impact on fields other than philosophy. His ideas have influenced literature, art, and politics. For example, many writers and artists have been inspired by his concept of the Forms and his vision of an ideal society.In conclusion, Plato's philosophy is a rich and complex body of thought that continues to inspire and challenge people today. His ideas on the nature of reality, justice, and the ideal state are still relevant and thought-provoking.1. Plato's philosophy is centered around the concept of ___.A. TruthB. BeautyC. FormsD. Justice答案：C。

08年英语真题-CAL-FENGHAI-(2020YEAR-YICAI)_JINGBIANGrammar and VocabularyI.1. We are not on very good _____ with the people next door.A. freindshipB. relationsC. willD. terms2. Usually newspapers _______ for people with intellectual interests.A. suitB. furnishC. regardD. cater3. The overcrowded living conditions ______ a heavy strain on the family.A. setB. putC. madeD. pressed4. The supply of apples exceeds the _______ this year.A. requestB. claimC. requirementD. demand5. I must take this watch to be repaired: it ____ over 20 minutes a day.A. increasesB. progressesC. acceleratesD. gains6. If this animal had escaped from its cage it could______ have killed or hurt several people.A. equallyB. bothC. wellD. severely7. I’m sorry we gave you such short ______of our visit.A. cautionB. noticeC. informationD. preparation8. That old vase will _____ an attractive lamp-holder.A. composeB. formC. makeD. assemble9. The World Bank has criticized the country for not giving enough financial ____ to developing countries.A. allowanceB. aidC. loanD. provision10. Nothing would stop me from _____ my ambition.A. reachingB. completingC. achievingD. obtaining11. He showed his _____ for the TV program by switching it off.A. distasteB. discontentC. annoyanceD. boredom12. They are _____ the woods for the missing child.A. seekingB. lookingC. investigatingD. combing13. To prevent flooding in winter the water flowing from the dam is constantly ___by a computer.A. managedB. gradedC. monitoredD. conducted14.______ I know the money is safe I shall not worry about it.A. Even thoughB. UnlessC. As long asD. However15. He couldn’t lie convincingly enough to take a child _______.A. awayB. downC. inD. up16. The parents were worried about Dorothy because no one was aware _____she had gone.A. where thatB. of whereC. of the place whereD. the place17. It was not until she returned home_______ she realized she had almost wasted 10 of her valuable hours.A. andB. whenC. thenD. that18. There has not been a great response to the sale, _______A. does itB. has itC. does thereD. has there19. Anthropology is a science ______anthropologists use a rigorous set of methods andtechniques to document observations that can be checked by others.A. in thatB. that inC. thatD. in20. The activities of the international marketing researchers are frequently much broaderthan ______.A. the domestic marketer hasB. those of the domestic marketerC. the domestic marketer doesD. that which has the domestic marketer21. I’m surprised at there _______ an index.A. not to beB. to be notC. not beingD. bring not22. _______ this soup. I_______ pepper in it.A. am tasting…am tastingB. am tasting…tasteC. taste…am tastingD. taste…have tasted23._____, explorers could never have found the cave.A. But for the fissures had been spottedB. If not the fissures had been spottedC. Had the fissures not been spottedD. Had not the fissures been spotted24. John often sits in a small bar, drinking and smoking considerably more_________.A. than that he is healthyB. than good for his healthC. than his health couldD. than is good for his health25.This ______ girl is Mary’s cousin.A. pretty little SwedishB. Swedish little prettyC. Swedish pretty littleD. Little pretty Swedish2.1. This is a most peculiar letter. What do you ______ of it?A. gatherB. makeC. getD. feel2. Now that we’ve identified the problem, we must decide on an appropriate course of______.A. actionB. progressC. solutionD. development3. Since the couple couldn’t _____ their differences, they decided to get a divorce.A. reconcileB. identifyC. adjustD. coincide4. We attended a ______ of the new manufacturing process.A. demonstrationB. displayC. showingD. manifestation5. How many people do you think this car would _______A. occupyB. holdC. fitD. load6. It never_____ my mind that he might refuse the request.A. passedB. filledC. crossedD. occurred7. People become less ______to new ideas as they grow older.A. receptiveB. availableC. attentiveD. attractive8. Is he really _____ to judge a brass band contest?A. competentB. skillfulC. capableD. efficient9. The new airport will be _____ from all directions.A. availableB. accessibleC. obtainableD. achievable10.The team’s recent wins have now_____ them for the semi-finals.A. fittedB. promotedC. qualifiedD. selected11. For parents, one of the problems ____by rising prices is the continual demand for more pocket money.A. givenB. posedC. providedD. forced12. The police managed to ______ down the owner of the car.A. traceB. trackC. searchD. pursue13. The party’s reduced vote was _____ of lack of support for its policies.A. indicativeB. confirmingC. revealingD. evident14. The football match was televised _____ from the Workers’ Stadium.A. aliveB. lifeC. liveD. lively15. Having considered the problem for a while she thought better_____ her first solution.A. toB. thanC. fromD. of16. If that idea was wrong, the project is bound to fail,_____ good all the other ideas might be.A. whateverB. thoughC. whatsoeverD. however17. The less the surface of the ground yields to the weight of the body of a runner, ____ to the body.A. the greater the stressB. the stress is greaterC. greater the stress isD. greater is the stress18. That’s your sister, ______A. isn’t itB. isn’t thatC. isn’t sheD. aren’t you19. It’s high time we ______a rest.A. haveB. hadC. are havingD. should have20. If you ______, you’d better go outside in the fresh air.A. faintB. have faintedC. are going to faintD. will faint21. I don’t know _______.A. why do thisB. why to do thisC. why doing thisD. why we ought to do this22. The man over there is _____ our principal.A. no other butB. no other thanC. no one thanD. none other than23. No one can walk the wire without a bit of fear unless_____ very young.A. having been trainedB. trainedC. to be trainedD. being trained24. –-- When can we come to visit you–-- Any time you feel________.A. for itB. to itC. like itD. so25. His honesty is ______: nobody can doubt it.A. in questionB. out of the questionC. beside the questionD. without question3.1. We covered a wide _____ of topics in the interview.A. extentB. collectionC. numberD. range2. What you say is true, but you could have _____it more tactfully.A. talkedB. phrasedC. observedD. remarked3. If you are under 18, you are not ________to join this club.A. legitimateB. legibleC. eligibleD. permissive4. When I arrived in this country I had to start learning the language from ______.A. scratchB. introductionC. ignoranceD. blank5. I spoke to him, but he was too ______ to hear what I said.A. preoccupiedB. concentratedC. absent-mindedD. thoughtful6. To ______ greater accuracy, all invoices will be double-checked before leaving for the office.A. assureB. insureC. insureD. ascertain7. His letter was so confused that I could hardly make any_____ of it at all.A. interpretationB. messageC. senseD. meaning8. According to the weather forecast, which is usually _______, it will snow this afternoon.A. accurateB. preciseC. exactD. perfect9. I cannot bear the noise of my brother’s radio, it ______ me from my work.A. disturbsB. perturbsC. interruptsD. distracts10. I congratulate you on your ______ in jewellery.A. selectionB. choiceC. flavorD. taste11. Even though the football match was not very exciting, the _____ managed to make it sound interesting.A. commentatorB. newscasterC. announcerD. narrator12. Ask the publisher to send you their latest _____ of English textbooks.A. catalogueB. brochureC. pamphletD. booklet13. I haven’t the ______idea what you mean.A. lightestB. dimmestC. faintestD. smallest14. ______ some countries have ruined their agriculture, squandering money on uneconomic factories, the Ivory Coast has stuck to what it is good at.A. AfterB. DuringC. WhenD. While15. Apparently one person _____ten now attends a university in this country.A. ofB. overC. inD. from16. All of the plants now raised on farms have been developed from plants_____ wild.A. once they grewB. they grew onceC. that once grewD. once grew17. This is the best book ______this year.A. appearingB. having appearedC. to appearD. appeared18. What annoys me is that tomorrow _____the third time I _____ take my car in to berepaired.A. is …have toB. will be … have had toC. is …will have toD. will be… have to19. Our neighbors have _____ours.A. as a big house asB. as big a house asC. a big house as same asD. a house the same big as20. She is _______ biting her nails.A. oftenB. usuallyC. continuallyD. hardly21. It is ten years since I _______ you last.A. seeB. sawC. didn’t seeD. haven’t seen22._______ is such a spitfire.A. His that third brotherB. His third that brotherC. That third brother of hisD. That his third brother23. I owe a special debt of ______ to my wife and child for their willingness to put up with myfrequent bouts of ill-temper or sheer absent-mindedness while I was writing this book.A. thankB. thankingC. thanksD. thankings25. An application to join this scheme places you under no obligation________.A. indeedB. eventuallyC. apartD. whatsoever4.1. At the casualty department my brother had his injury_________.A. curedB. healedC. relievedD. treated2. He told his father a long and _______story to explain his lateness.A. inconceivableB. unconvincingC. unimaginableD. incredulous3. Milk has a _______ to go sour in hot weather.A. tendencyB. habitC. problemD. characteristic4. Too many hotels have been built and this has _____down prices, making holidays cheaper.A. forcedB. cutC. slowedD. reduced5. The lecture ______from prehistory to modern times and gave the audience much to think about.A. coveredB. includedC. rangedD. dealt6. At first I was of the _____that you were decidedly right.A. attitudeB. opinionC. thoughtD. idea7. Protests died down when they realized that the new tax ______to only 50p a week.A. addedB. reachedC. approachedD. amounted8. The accused was given a short sentence as he had committed only a ______offence.A. subordinateB. minimalC. secondaryD. minor9. She _____wanted a house overlooking the sea.A. particularlyB. stronglyC. essentiallyD. extremely11. At the university of Oxford and Cambridge the ______of teachers to students is very high.A. proportionB. numberC. ratioD. percentage12. I hope you must not take _____ at my frankness.A. annoyanceB. offenceC. resentmentD. irritation13. With his lack of experience and smaller physique, we don’t think he _____ a chance of winning the fight.A. stoodB. gainedC. possessedD. took14. He lost his job ______no fault of his own.A. throughB. byC. withD. over15. He didn’t know anyone at the wedding_____ than the bride and groom.A. exceptB. otherC. apartD. rather17. Supposing I _______to agree to your request, how do you think the other students would feel?A. wouldB. amC. wereD. could18._______ her inexperience her failure to secure the contract was not surprising.A. In view ofB. By virtue ofC. With regard toD. In recognition of19. The University of Georgia, _____ in 1785, was the first state-supported university in theU.S.A. charteredB. was charteredC. it was charteredD. to be chartered20. This rule_____ to everyone who ________ for this post.A. will apply… will applyB. applies… will applyC. will apply… appliesD. is applying… is applying21. Are you suggesting that Joe_______ the murder when you don’t believe his alibi.A. commitsB. will commitC. commitD. committed22. You look frozen. I _____ you a cup of coffee.A. will makeB. am going to makeC. am makingD. am to make23. Who _____ in but the President himself?A. is comingB. should comeC. cameD. has come24. She will be 21 _____.A. come MayB. when May is comingC. if May will comeD. that May comes25. He did it ______ it took me.A. one-third the timeB. the one-third timeC. one-third a timeD. a one-third time5.1. Ted couldn’t remember the exact date of the storm, but he knew it was _____ Sundaybecause everybody was at_______ church.A. ,/ theB. a , /C. , / aD. the, /2. When I arrived at the meeting, the first speaker____ and theaudience ______.A . had finished speaking, were clapping B. had finished speaking, had clappedC. finished speaking, clappedD. finished speaking, were clapping3. “The door was opened.”“It ______ open. I had locked it myself and the key was in my pocket.”A. can’t beB. mustn’t beC. can’t have beenD. mustn’t have been4. We could go to a concert______ you’d prefer to visit a museum.A. ifB. becauseC. unlessD. since5. If you ______ in such a hurry you _____ sugar into the sauce instead of salt.A. were not, would notB. were, would putC. had been, would have putD. had not been, would not have put6. The doctor is feeling the little girl’s pulse. He says it_____ normal.A. feelsB. is feelingC. has feltD. is felt7. Home is home, ______ ever so homely.A. it isB. it wereC. be itD. it be8. Mary is ______ than Alice.A. more experienced a teacherB. a more experienced teacherC. more an experienced teacherD. more experienced teacher9. They fulfilled the task in ______ it took us.A. three-fourths timeB. three-fourths timesC. three-fourths the timeD. the three-fourths time10.______ their help, we would not have succeeded.A. Hadn’t been forB. Had it not been forC. It had been forD. Had not it been for11. This question admits ______ several answers.A. forB. withC. ofD. to12._______all probability nobody would have complained if Mary had not told the negotiators about it.A. ToB. InC. ForD. At13. The compositions contained so few errors that the teacher got the students ____ one another’s papers.A. correctB. to correctC. correctingD. to be correcting14. A hibernating animal needs hardly any food all through the winter, ______A. need itB. needn’t itC. does itD. doesn’t it15. I don’t like ______bills but when I get them I like ______ them promptly.A. to get, payB. getting, to payC. to get, to payD. getting, paying16. He used so much jargon that I hadn’t a ______ what he was talking about.A. queryB. hintC. thoughtD. clue17. Isn’t it time that you ______ some serious work before the examination?A. got down toB. took up withC. got off withD. put down to18. Please put your empty cigarette packets and paper bags in the _____ bins provided.A. junkB. litterC. scrapD. deposit19. The service was held to ______ the sacrifice of those who died in the war.A. commemorateB. memorizeC. rememberD. remind20. His _____ of the basic structure is good but his vocabulary is limited.A. holdB. gripC. graspD. seizure21. The horses have returned to their ______ after the morning exercise.A. barnsB. stablesC. kennelsD. sheds22. I couldn’t sleep because the tap in the bathroom was _______.A. drainingB. droppingC. spillingD. dripping23. “It’s hot, isn’t it?” he said, _____ his brow with a handkerchief.A. rinsingB. wipingC. sweepingD. scrubbing24. He is so ______ in his work that it would be a pity to disturb him.A. absorbedB. attentiveC. consumedD. intent25. I ______ with him to abandon the ship before it was too late.A. appealedB. claimedC. beggedD. pleaded26. I was about to say something, but ______ the temptation.A. challengedB. obstructedC. resistedD. struggled27. We will accept your check, although it is not our normal _______.A. practiceB. intentionC. stateD. occasion28. Following the elections, a completely new situation is likely to________.A. arouseB. ariseC. raiseD. rise29. Production has been delayed because of a shortage of _______ materials.A. baseB. primeC. rawD. rough30. Susan found that her new job didn’t provide her with sufficient ______ for her ability.A. capacityB. openingC. rangeD. scope6.1.______ their policy can be changed the future of that country will be indeed bleak.A. Even ifB. UnlessC. Now thatD. As long as2.She said she would work it out herself _______ ask me for help.A. and not toB. but notC. and prefer notD. rather than3.“I bought this shirt for 35 yuan yesterday.”“It’s on sale only for 29. You should have waited.”“Oh really But how ______ I know”A. wouldB. canC. didD. do4.They were pushed into battle _______ .A. unpreparedB. unpreparedlyC. not preparing itD. without preparing it5.She asked that she ______ allowed to see her son in police custody.A. would beB. could beC. beD. was6.Mr. Anderson presided ______ the board meeting on behalf of the Chairman.A. atB. overC. onD. in7.The rising crime rate is ______ major concern of __________ society.A. the, theB. a, /C. a, theD. /, the8.I never regretted ________ the offer, for it was not where my interest lay.A. not to acceptB. not having acceptedC. having not acceptedD. not accepting9.I _______ writing the paper as scheduled, but my mother’s illness interfered.A. am to have finishedB. was to have finishedC. was to finishD. ought to finish10.Some dieters find that after their diet is over, they eat twice ______ they did before their diet.A. more thanB. as many asC. much thanD. as much as11.She may be _______ experience, but she learns quickly.A. lackingB. lacking inC. in need forD. in lack of12.David Singer, my friend‘s father, _______ raised and educated in New York, lived and lectured in Africamost of his life.A. whoB. ifC. whileD. though13.My Scottish friend says there is ______ monster in Loch Ness.A. no such thing asB. no such thing as aC. no such a thing asD. no such a thing as a14.The university authorities are seriously considering abandoning the traditional ________ class.A. fifty minutesB. fifty-minutesC. fifty-minuteD. fifty minute’s15._________ the snake in superstitious awe.A. Mankind has held longB. Long has held mankindC. Has mankind long heldD. Mankind has long held16.On the desert, travelers often see _______ rivers and lakes.A. imaginingB. imaginativeC. imaginableD. imaginary17.Inside the apartment was an unpleasant smell of ______ air.A. staleB. smokedC. mistyD. wet18.The album might well have ______ had it been less expensive.A. worked outB. fallen throughC. caught onD. fitted in19.In order to be successful as an engineer, she had to become ______ at maths.A. proficientB. outstandingC. prominentD. experienced.20.This move deprived the prisoner of his _______ of escape.A. waysB. possibilitiesC. plansD. means21.The house that we used to live in is in a very _______ state.A. neglectfulB. negligibleC. neglectedD. negligent22.The ticket taker at the football game tore the ticket ________.A. in halfB. by halfC. in halvesD. at half23.I wish, if possible, to avoid any ______ of my family.A. hintB. mentionC. clueD. comment24.I’m afraid this painting is not Qi Baishi. It’s only a copy and so it’s ________.A. worthlessB. invaluableC. unworthyD. priceless25.When her parents died, Brenda _______ of the house and all its contents.A. discardedB. dispelledC. disposedD. discharged26.The plans for the building were _______ a few months ago.A. drawn onB. drawn backC. drawn outD. drawn up27.We were filled with _______ about flying in such bad weather.A. troublesB. obscurityC. ignoranceD. misgivings28.We are all astonished to learn that the apparently ______ professor was really a spy.A. respectfulB. respectiveC. respectableD. respected29.It is important that the schedule be not too ______ to allow for relaxation and hobbies.A. loadedB. crowdedC. filledD. squeezed30.The millionaire in the story had a(n) _______ habit of sleeping with his sack of money laid beside him inplace of a wife.A. economicB. miserlyC. disgustedD. playful7.1. A ship with a heavy load of timber is reported to have sunk_____ the coast of California.A. offB. onC. atD. in2.Arriving at the bus stop, ______ waiting there.A. a lot of people wereB. he found a lot of peopleC. a lot of peopleD. people were found3.____ your timely advice, I would never have known how to go about the work.A. UnlessB. But forC. Except forD. Not for4.We can assign the task to _____ is capable and trustworthy.A. whomeverB. whoC. whomD. whoever5._____ regular training in nursing, she could hardly cope with the work at first.A. Not receivedB. Since receivingC. Having receivedD. Not having received6.So badly ____in the car accident that he had to stay in hospital for a few months.A. did he injuredB. injured himC. was he injuredD. he was injured7.The country’s chief exports are coal, cars and cotton goods, cards ____ the most important of these.A. have beenB. areC. beingD. are being8.It was recommended that passengers ______ smoke during the flight.A. notB. need notC. could notD. would not9.“She must be in the dormitory now”. “No, she ____ be there. I saw her in the classroom a minute ago.”A. mustn’tB. can’tC. couldn’tD. wouldn’t10._____ human problems that repeat themselves in _____ life repeat themselves in _______ literature.A. /, /, theB. /, the, /C. The, / , /D. The, the, the11.Only take such clothes ____ really necessary.A. as wereB. as they areC. as they wereD. as are12.______ you were busy, I wouldn’t have bothered you with my questions.A. If I realizedB. Had I realizedC. I realized thatD. As I realized13.She has taken great pains to conceal her emotions, and thereby made them _____ conspicuous.A. all the moreB. all the muchC. all moreD. all much14.He ____ the 8:20 bus because he didn’t leave home till 8:25.A. couldn’t have caughtB. ought to have caughtC. shouldn’t have caughtD. must not have caught15.______ is often the case with a new idea, much preliminary activity and optimistic discussion producedno concrete proposals.A. ThatB. ItC. ThisD. As16.Please dispose _____ those old newspapers while you’re cleaning up the room.A. outB. ofC. awayD. in17.One can ______ even from one’s unpleasant experiences.A. obtainB. improveC. benefitD. continue18.This automobile plant has a monthly _______ of 500 cars.A. proficiencyB. capabilityC. strengthD. capacity19.At present there is a ______ of iron and steel and more must be produced.A. limitB. lossC. povertyD. scarcity20.He was ______ admittance to the concert hall for not being properly dressed.A. rejectedB. deniedC. withheldD. deprived21.Because of the strong sun the new sitting-room curtain have _____ from dark blue to grey.A. faintedB. paledC. bleachedD. faded22.My new sweater ______ when I washed it.A. shrankB. shortenedC. contractedD. condensed23.He was so ______ on his work that he didn’t hear her come in.A. intentB. absorbedC. engrossedD. involved24.George has a big coffee _____ on the front of his jacket.A. spotB. markC. stainD. patch25.The problem has _____simply because you didn’t follow the instructions in the handbook.A. assembledB. arisenC. risenD. resulted26.Try not to say anything harmful to her. She is a very _______person.A. sensibleB. sensitiveC. toughD. reasonable27.The ______ driver thinks accidents only happen to other people.A. averageB. commonC. usualD. normal28.The boxer ______ his opponent as hard as he could.A. punchedB. slappedC. knockedD. whipped29.The Christmas presents were all _____ in shiny papers.A. done overB. done withC. done outD. done up30.In the next few years major changes will be ______ in China’s industry.A. brought forwardB. brought aboutC. brought onD. brought up8.1. Most people can’t get ____ the day without at least one cup of coffee.A. onB. throughC. overD. by2. He noticed the helicopter hovering over the field. Then to his astonishment, he saw arope ladder _____out and three men climbing down it.A. throwingB. being thrownC. having thrownD. having been thrown3. He resented _____ to wait. He expected the minister _____ him at once.A. to be asked, to seeB. being asked, to seeC. to be asked, seeingD. being asked, seeing4. The idea of traveling through _____space to other planets interests many people today.A. aB. theC. /D. one5. The meeting’s been cancelled. Ann _____ all that work.A. need to doB. need haveC. needn’t have doneD. needed not to do6. It was not until midnight _____ the snowcapped peak.A. that they sightedB. that they didn’t sightC. did they sightD. had they sighted7. You’d better look at the difficulty ______.A. the other wayB. by the other wayC. another wayD. by another way8. ____ I was very mistaken, there was something wrong with Lousie.A. UnlessB. AsC. ThoughD. Since9.He prefers _______.A.to write his letters rather than dictating them.B.to write his letters rather than dictate them.C.writing his letters rather than dictate them.D.writing his letters rather than have dictated them.10.You and I could hardly understand _______A. could IB. couldn’t youC. couldn’t weD. could we11.He is not under arrest, _____ any restriction on him.A. or the police have placedB. or have the police placedC. nor the police have placedD. nor have the police placed12. We could ____ him with a detached house when he came, but he had specifically asked for a small flat.A. provideB. have providedC. not provideD. not have provided13.This missile is designed so that once _____ nothing can be done to retrieve it.A. firedB. being firedC. they firedD. having fired14.____ the two, Bob is ______ student.A. Of, more diligentB. In, more diligentC. Of, the more diligentD. In, the more diligent15.____, he would not have recovered so quickly.A. Hadn’t he been taken good care ofB. Had he not been taken good care ofC. Had not he been taken good care ofD. Had he been not taken good care of16.The local council has decided to take the _____ of the hotel to court.A. landlordB. tenantC. clientD. proprietor17.Swarms of wasps are always invading my garden. They are a thorough ______.A. nuisanceB. disturbanceC. troubleD. annoyance18.The cold drink _____him after his long hot journey.A. reducedB. refreshedC. releasedD. recovered19.For years she suffered from the ____ that her husband might come back to her.A. visionB. ideaC. imaginationD. illusion20.He went to Australia hoping to find a teaching_____ without too much difficulty.A. workB. careerC. postD. employment。

最新国家开放大学电大《人文英语4》网络核心课形考网考作业及答案考试说明：2018 年秋期电大把《人文英语4》网络核心课纳入到“国开平台”进行考核，它共有八个形考任务(单元自测)。

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单元自测1一、选择填空，从A、B、 C 三个选项中选出一个能填入空白处的最佳选项。

（每题10 分）题目1– Thank you for your invitation. _______________A. I'll appreciate it.B. It's a pleasure.C. It doesn't matter.题目2– Good afternoon. Can I help you? ______________A. Yes, I think so, too.B. I need to buy a birthday present for my son.C. I don't think I need any of your help.题目3On average, a successful lawyer has to talk to several________ a day.A. customersB. clientsC. guests题目4Both the kids and their parents __________English, I think. I know it from their accent.A. beenB. areC. is题目5John's father _________ mathematics in this school ever since he graduated from Harvard University.A. taughtB. has taughtC. teaches题目1– Do you think I can borrow your bike for a few hours?________A. I'm sorry, but I really need it this afternoon.B. I don't think so.C. I am afraid you can.题目2– Excuse me, could you tell the time? _________A. You'd better buy a watch.B. Can you see the clock?C. It's three thirty by my watch.题目3Professor Smith promised to look ________ my paper, that is, to read it carefully before the defence.A. overB. afterC. onNever before _________ see such a terrible car accident on the road!A. have IB. I haveC. did I题目5Both the kids and their parents __________English, I think. I know it from their accent.A. beenB. isC. are题目1– Do you think I can borrow your bike for a few hours?_________________A. I don't think so.B. I am afraid you can.C. I'm sorry, but I really need it this afternoon.题目2– Thank you for your invitation. _________A. I'll appreciate it.B. It doesn't matter.C. It's a pleasure.题目3As the bus came round the corner, it ran ________ a big tree by the roadside.A. overB. intoC. on题目4Never before _________ see such a terrible car accident on the road!B. I haveC. did I题目5Did you notice the guy _________head looked like a big potato?A. whoB. whoseC. which二、阅读理解：选择题（每题10 分）Graffiti painting is traditionally a daredevil pursuit.Teenagers dodge security guards to put their names on trains and buses. But over the past decade, graffiti has all but disappeared from Britain's cities. Between 2007 and 2012 the number of incidents of graffiti recorded by the British Transport Police fell by 63%. A survey by the Environment Ministry shows that fewer places are blighted by tags than ever. Graffiti are increasingly confined to sanctioned walls, such as the Stockwell ball courts. In time the practice may die out entirely.The most obvious reason for the decline in tagging and train-painting is better policing. Numerous CCTV cameras mean it is harder to get away with painting illegally. And punishments are more severe. A generational shift is apparent, too. Fewer teenagers are getting into painting walls. They prefer to play with iPads and video games. Some have gone to art school and want to make money from their paintings. The Internet means that painters can win far more attention by posting pictures online than they can by breaking into a railway yard.Taggers and graffiti artists mostly grew up in the 1980s and 1990s. Those men—and almost all are men—are now older and less willing to take risks. Graffiti may eventually disappear. But for now the hobby is almost respectable. The former graffiti artists paint abandoned warehouses at the weekend. It has become something to do on a Sunday afternoon—a slightlyhealthier alternative to sitting and watching football.1.Teenagers are not afraid of being caught by security guards when they put their names on trains and buses. F2.Less tags can be found in public places nowadays. T3.Because of better policing graffiti decreases. T4.Some teenagers go to art school in order to learn to paint walls. F5.Taggers and graffiti artists are still willing to take risks.F选择题（每题10 分）Jim Thorpe was a Native American. He was born in 1888 in an Indian Territory(印第安人保护区)that is now Oklahoma. Like most Native American children then, he liked to fish, hunt, swim, and play games outdoors. He was healthy and strong, but he had very little formal education. In 1950, Jim Thorpe was named the greatest American football player. He was also an Olympic gold medal winner. But Thorpe had many tragedies in his life.Jim had a twin brother who died when he was nine years old. By the time he was 16, his mother and father were also dead, Jim then went to a special school in Pennsylvania for Native American children. There, he learned to read and write and also began to play sports. Jim was poor, so he left school for two years to earn some money. During this time, he played on a baseball team. The team paid him only $15 a week. Soon he returned to school to complete his education. Jim was a star athlete (运动员) in several sports, including baseball, running, and football. He won many awards for his athletic ability, mainly for football. In many games, he scored all or most of the points for his team.In 1912, when Jim Thorpe was 24 years old, he became part of the U.S Olympic team. He competed in two very difficult events: the pentathlon and the decathlon. Both require great ability and strength. The pentathlon has five track and field events, including the long jump and the 1500-meter race. The decathlon has ten track and field events, with running, jumpingand throwing contests.People thought it was impossible for an athlete to compete in both the pentathlon and the decathlon. So everyone was surprised when Thorpe won gold medals in both events. When the King of Sweden presented Thorpe with his two gold medals, he said, “Sir, you are the greatest athlete in the world.”Thorpe was a simple and honest man. He just answered, “Thanks, King.”1. From the passage we learn that Jim Thorpe was born in CA. IndiaB. PennsylvaniaC. Oklahoma2. According to the passage, most American Indian children loved all the following EXCEPT BA. fishingB. singingC. swimming3. Jim Thorpe started to play sports BA. before he was 9 years oldB. when he was 16 years oldC. when he was 24 years old4. The word decathlon in paragraph 3 probably means CA. jumpingB. five track and field eventsC. ten track and field events5. Which of the following is NOT TRUE? AA. In 1912, Thorpe went back to finish his college education.B. Thorpe won two gold medals in the 1912 Olympic Games.C. Thorpe once played on a baseball team for money.选择题（每题10 分）排序题A. Does it cost the same for every household?B. You can pay right here, on the Internet!C. Just go ahead.D. We do for the live Cable TV programs.E. Exactly, even digital boxes.Liu Hui: Gordon, may I ask you a question?Gordon: Hi, Liu Hui. CLiu Hui: Do I need to pay for a TV license if I only watch TV online in the UK?Gordon: Yes, indeed. You need to be covered by a TV license if you watch or record programs as they're being shown on TV or live on an online TV service.Liu Hui: Including watching TV on computers and mobile phones? Gordon: EIt is the law.Liu Hui: I see. How much is the license fee?Gordon: It costs £145.50 for a color TV license and £49.00 for a black and white TV license.Liu Hui: That's a lot of money for a year. AGordon: It costs the same for all applicants under 75. When you reach the age of 75, you may apply for a free Over 75 TV License.Liu Hui: I see.Gordon: Do you need such a license in China?Liu Hui: DGordon: Oh, it sounds similar. But for BBC, the license fee is the main source of income. There is no advertising on the BBC channels.Liu Hui: By the way, where should I go to pay for mylicense?Gordon: BLiu Hui: Well, sure! Thank you!单元自测2一、选择填空，从A、B、 C 三个选项中选出一个能填入空白处的最佳选项。

2025年同等学力人员申请硕士学位英语自测试卷及答案指导一、口语交际（共10分）第一题Conversation:A: Hi Jacob, how are you?B: Hi Anna, I’m doing pretty well, thanks. How about you?A: I’m doing great. I was just thinking about the upcoming group project. We need to split the work.B: Sure, no problem. What tasks do you think we should work on?A: Well, I was considering the research part since I have experience in that area.B: That sounds fair. I’ll take care of the writing part then. Let’s set up a meeting to discuss the specifics later.A: Definitely. I’ll send out the meeting invite next week.1、What is the purpose of their conversation?a)Planning a meetingb)Discussing the division of laborc)Complaining about the workloadd)Introducing new members to the teame)Sharing personal health updatesAnswer: b2、Whom is Anna talking to?a)Her family memberb)Her colleaguec)Her friendd)Her professore)Her clientAnswer: b3、What task is Anna considering for herself?a)Writingb)Presentingc)Researchd)Editinge)DesigningAnswer: c4、What task is Jacob taking care of?a)Researchb)Writingc)Presentationd)Editinge)DesigningAnswer: b5、What will Anna do after the conversation?a)Call Jacobb)Send out a meeting invitec)Finish the project aloned)Cancel the projecte)Ask for more tasksAnswer: b第二题A conversation between two friends, Alice and Bob, about their study plans and university life.Alice: Hi, Bob! It’s been a while since we last studied together. Are you still preparing for the postgraduate entrance exam?Bob: Hi, Alice! Yes, I am. I’m really excited to enter graduate school. How about you? Have you made any progress on your studies?Alice: Yes, I’ve been working hard. I’m particularly focused on preparing for the TOEFL exam as it’s a requirement for my pro gram. Last week, I attended a preparation class and I wanted to discuss it with you.Bob: That’s great! What do you think of the class?Alice: I found it quite helpful. The instructor explained the format and strategies for each section. We even had a little practice session at the end.Bob: Nice! I heard about the class. Do you think it covered everything important?Alice: Yeah, I think it did. They even provided some sample questions andanswered our doubts. I was able to improve my speaking skills, which is essential for my program.Bob: Speaking skills are indeed crucial. By the way, is there anything you want to improve the most?Alice: Definitely my writing. It’s really challenging for me. I struggle to organize my thoughts and write coherently. So, any tips you can give me would be appreciated.Bob: Sure, I can help with that. First, try to practice writing short essays on a regular basis. It’ll help you get used to the structure and vocabulary required for academic writing.1.What topic did Alice discuss with Bob about her study plan?A) The postgraduate entrance examB) The TOEFL examC) The preparation class for the postgraduate entrance examD) The challenges she faces in her writing2.How does Alice feel about the preparation class she attended?A) She thinks it’s a waste of time.B) She thinks it’s quite helpful.C) She thinks it’s not informative enough.D) She thinks it’s too difficult for her.3.What kind of assistance does Alice seek regarding her writing improvement?A) Reading tipsB) Speaking tipsC) Writing tipsD) Vocabulary tips4.What does Bob suggest Alice do to improve her writing?A) Practice reading a lotB) Practice writing short essays regularlyC) Focus solely on spoken EnglishD) Take a proofreading course5.What is one aspect of the TOEFL exam that Alice needs to improve on?A) Listening skillsB) Reading skillsC) Writing skillsD) All of the aboveAnswers:1.B2.B3.C4.B5.C二、词汇-选择填空（本大题有10小题，每小题1分，共10分）1、In today’s fast-paced world, staying healthy requires a__________balance of physical exercise, a nutritious diet, and mental well-being.A. perfectB. perfectibleC. perfectiveD. perfectible答案：A解析：选项A “perfect” 意为“完美的”，符合题意。

辩论人文学科比科学重要的英语作文英文回答：In the debate of whether the humanities are more important than science, it is essential to consider the unique contributions of each discipline. The humanities, which encompass subjects such as literature, history, philosophy, and the arts, provide us with a deep understanding of human culture, values, and beliefs. They help us to make sense of the world and our place in it. On the other hand, science, including fields like physics, chemistry, biology, and mathematics, enables us to understand the natural world, make technological advancements, and improve our quality of life.The humanities are important because they allow us to explore the human experience and understand the complexities of human existence. Through literature, we can empathize with characters from different backgrounds and time periods, gaining insights into the human condition.History teaches us about the mistakes and triumphs of the past, guiding us in making informed decisions for the future. Philosophy challenges us to think critically and ethically, while the arts provide a means of creative expression and emotional connection.Science, on the other hand, is crucial for solvingreal-world problems and expanding our knowledge of the universe. It has led to medical breakthroughs, technological innovations, and a deeper understanding of the natural world. Without science, we would not have the technology to combat diseases, explore outer space, or understand the fundamental laws of physics and chemistry.Ultimately, both the humanities and science are indispensable to human progress and understanding. They complement each other, offering different ways of interpreting and engaging with the world. While the humanities provide us with insight into the human experience, science equips us with the tools to improve our lives and expand our knowledge.中文回答：在辩论人文学科是否比科学更重要的问题上，有必要考虑每个学科的独特贡献。

高三大学专业英语阅读理解30 题1<背景文章>Computer Science is an ever - evolving and highly influential field that has become an integral part of modern society.In terms of curriculum, computer science programs typically include a wide range of courses. Core courses often cover programming languages such as Java, Python, and C++. These languages are fundamental for students to learn how to write code and develop software applications. Data structures and algorithms are also crucial components. Understanding data structures like arrays, linked lists, and trees, and algorithms for sorting and searching helps students optimize their programs. Database management courses teach students how to design, create, and manage databases, which are essential for storing and retrieving information in various applications. Additionally, computer science majors may study computer networks, learning about how data is transmitted over networks, network protocols, and network security.The employment prospects for computer science graduates are extremely promising. With the digital transformation of almost every industry, the demand for computer science professionals is on the rise. They can find jobs in software development companies, creatingapplications for mobile devices, desktop computers, or web - based platforms. Many tech giants like Google, Microsoft, and Apple are constantly seeking talented computer science graduates to develop innovative products. In the field of artificial intelligence and machine learning, which are rapidly growing areas, computer science experts are needed to develop algorithms for tasks such as natural language processing, computer vision, and predictive analytics. Another area of employment is in cybersecurity, as the increasing number of cyber threats requires professionals who can protect computer systems and networks from attacks.The development trend in computer science is towards more advanced technologies. Artificial intelligence continues to be a major focus, with deep learning and neural networks becoming more sophisticated. Quantum computing is also emerging as a potential game - changer. It has the potential to solve complex problems much faster than traditional computers. The Internet of Things (IoT) is another trend, where everyday objects are connected to the internet, and computer science is needed to manage and analyze the vast amount of data generated by these connected devices.The impact of computer science on society is far - reaching. It has revolutionized communication, making it possible for people around the world to connect instantly through various platforms. In the medical field, it has enabled the development of advanced diagnostic tools andtelemedicine, improving healthcare access. In the transportation industry, self - driving cars are becoming a reality, thanks to computer science technology. Education has also been transformed, with online learning platforms relying on computer science for their functionality.1. <问题1>What are the core programming languages usually covered in computer science programs?A. Java, Python, and C++B. Java, Ruby, and PHPC. Python, Perl, and FortranD. C, Visual Basic, and Scala答案：A。