小升初英语第一讲名词-(不规则变化)

名词（小初考点差异及衔接）【小学名词考点聚焦】考点1.名词的数写出下列名词的复数形式1. watch__________2.class__________3.knife___________4. dog__________5. dish__________6.child___________7. nurse__________8.desk__________9. boy____________10. baby__________ 11.tooth_________ 12.eye___________ 13. sheep_________ 14.tomato_______ 15.library________二. 小升初常见的不可数名词：肉类：meat, beef, pork, chicken,液体类：juice, milk, water, coffee, tea, 食物(总称)类：food, fruit, bread, rice,天气类：air, rain, snow, weather,其他：news, fun, homework, housework.圈出下列单词中的不可数名词peach water zoosistercoffee knife snow tearain car teacher homework ear juice beef milk考点2.名词所有格1.The green sweater is his __________ (brother).2. The room is ________.A. Lucy and LilyB. Lucy’s and LilyC. Lucy’s and Lily’sD. Lucy and Lily’s3.________ hat is pink. ________ hat is black.A. Linda; Her motherB. Linda’s; Her mothers’C. Linda’s; Her mother’sD. Linda ; Her mother’s4.. — When is ________？— September the tenth.A. Teacher DayB. the Teacher’s DayC. the Teachers’ DayD. Teachers’ Day【初中名词考点聚焦】考点清单考点一、可数名词的单复数可数名词有单数和复数两种形式，表示一个用单数，两个或两个以上用复数。

英语名词的单复数变化规则一、可数名词都有单数和复数之分。

A:规则的可数名词的复数变化规则：1.一般情况力口s ：book-- books mouth---mouths house-houses girl---girls2.以s、sh 、ch、x结尾的加es ：class--- classes box——boxes match——matches3.辅音字母+ y 结尾的变y 为i 加口es：city---cities country——countriesparty——parties factory——factories备注：辅音字母为除a e i o u以外的字母，a e i o u为亓音字母元音字母+y结尾的加s：例：key = keys4.以o结尾的词+es的有：bubo （腹股沟腺炎），cargo （（船或飞机装载的）货物；负荷，荷重；），dingo （澳洲的一种野狗），domino（骨牌效应；多米诺骨牌；化妆斗篷面具；），echo（n.重复者），embargo（禁止），fatso（胖子，胖家伙），fico（无价值的东西），go（进行），gusto（热情，乐趣，津津有味），hero（英雄），jingo（沙文主义者），mosquito©子），motto（座右铭），negro（黑种人），no（否认），potato（土豆），tomato（西红柿），tornado（A 有巨大破坏性的人或事物），torpedo（鱼雷），veto（否决权）。

中学英语教材较为相关的只有这么4个heroes （英雄）Negroes （黑人）tomatoes（西红柿）potatoes （土豆（英雄和黑人喜欢吃西红柿和土豆以o结尾并且词尾有两个元音字母+s如：radios收音机,zoos动物园,bamboos竹，竹竿,pianos钢琴， kilos千克，photos照片，相片5.以f，fe结尾的变f或fe为v +es ：主要的有wife（妻子），life（生命），knife（小刀），leaf（树叶），thief（贼），half（一半），self^ 己）,loaf（面包）,wolf（狼），shelf （架子/沙洲）例句：The thief's wife killed three wolves with some leaves and knives in half of her life.常见不规则名词复数1.英语中有些名词单复数同行，主要有以下几类：A）、某些动物名词B）、某些表示人的名词C）、craft及由-craft构成的名词D）、某些表示数量的名词E）、其他2.以下这些名词单复数同形：antelope 羚羊，bison 野牛，buffalo 水牛，crab 螃蟹，deer 鹿，fish 鱼，reindeer 驯鹿，sheep 绵羊；Burmese缅甸人，Cantonese广东人，Chinese中国人，counsel法律顾问，kin亲属，Japanese日本人，Swiss 瑞士人；aircraft 飞机，craft 飞机，spacecraft 太空船；brance 双，score 二十；series 系列；species 种类；means方法只有复数形式的名词trousers裤子，pants裤子，shorts短裤glasses眼镜，compasses 圆规，scales天平，pliers钳子，clips剪子。

⼩升初英语培优第1讲：名词讲解（学⽣版）第⼀讲：名词⼀、【考点解读】名词是⼈类认识事物所使⽤的基本词汇，是⽤来表⽰⼈、事物、地⽅、现象或抽象概念的名称的词。

在句中可以作主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、称呼语等。

⼩升初的考点主要集中在名词的分类判断和名词的修饰成分上⾯。

⼆、【知识讲解】知识点1——名词的分类和可数名词的单复数⼀、名词的种类名词是⽤来表⽰⼈名、地名、事物名称及其抽象概念的词类。

名词普通名词可数名词具体名词抽象名词不可数名词例:book, student 例：colour, message 具体名词抽象名词例：rice, sugar 例：work, advice（⼆）国⼈变复数的规则如下表：知识点2——常见的不可数名词以及修饰名词的数量词⼀常见的不可数名词如下表⼆修饰名词的数量词如下表知识点3——名词的句法作⽤名词在句⼦中可以⽤作如下成分：1. 名词作主语The boy opened the door. 那个男孩把门打开了。

2. 名词作宾语I saw the boy .我看到那个男孩。

（boy 作动词saw的宾语）Give the money to your brother. 把这些钱给你兄弟。

(brother 作介词to的宾语)3.名词作表语He is a clever boy. 他是个聪明的孩⼦。

4.名词宾语补⾜语He was called a fool.（当含有宾语补⾜语的句⼦变为被动语态的时候，原来的宾语变成了主语，那么原来的宾语补⾜语就变成了主语补⾜语。

）5.名词作定语Is it a colour film? 是彩⾊影⽚吗？6.名词作同位语This is my friend John.知识点4——名词修饰成分的排列顺序下⾯所列的修饰语的顺序就是名词前修饰成分的常见顺序：1.限定词包括冠词（a ,an ,the ）、指⽰代词(this, that ,these ,those )、所有格和形容词性物主代词，他们不能同时出现。

小升初英语词类专项透析专题01《名词》（考点精讲+典题突破）【考点精讲】名词的概念意义：1、含义：表示人、事物、地点、团体或抽象概念的名称的词，叫做名词。

名词可以分为专有名词（Proper Nouns）和普通名词（Common Nouns）。

专有名词是某个（些）人，地方，机构等专有的名称，如Beijing，China等；普通名词是一类人或东西或是一个抽象概念的名词，如：book，sadness等。

普通名词又可分为下面四类：1）个体名词（Individual Nouns）：表示某类人或东西中的个体，如：gun。

2）集体名词（Collective Nouns）：表示若干个个体组成的集合体，如：family。

3）物质名词（Material Nouns）：表示无法分为个体的实物，如：air。

4）抽象名词（Abstract Nouns）：表示动作、状态、品质、感情等抽象概念，如：work。

个体名词和集体名词可以用数目来计算，称为可数名词（Countable Nouns），物质名词和抽象名词一般无法用数目计算，称为不可数名词（Uncountable Nouns）。

2、可数名词1）可数名词可以受不定冠词"a，an"的修饰。

This is a book. 这是一本书。

Pass me an egg, please. 请递给我一个蛋。

2.）可数名词可以受基数词的修饰。

There are four pears on the plate. 盘子上有四个梨。

3.）可数名词有复数形式。

Who are those women under the tree? 树下那些女人是谁？How many people are there in your family? 你们家有几口人？I don't like pineapples. 我不喜欢菠萝。

4）可数名词的单数形式不能独立使用，必须有"a，the，my"等的修饰。

小学英语不规则名词复数总结小学英语不规则名词复数总结小学英语名词复数形式归纳不规则名词复数:一、部分单词的复数形式不变。

读音变化:保持原音。

例:fish-fish; sheep-sheep; cattle-cattle; deer-deer;cannon -cannon; trout-trout 鳟鱼, salmon-salmon ,Chinese,Germans ,Swiss ,Japanese。

二、少数单词～其复数形式没有任何规律。

读音变化:没有规律。

例:man-men; woman-women; child-children; person-people;foot-feet; tooth-teeth; goose-geese, mouse-mice.三、另外还有一些名词～其复数形式有时可表示特别含义～例: waters,水域,, fishes,各种,鱼,times(时代),drinks(饮料), looks(外表),papers(文件报纸),brains(头脑智力), sands(沙滩),goods,货物,～customs(海关), forces(军队), spirits(情绪), manners(礼貌), greens(青菜), ruins(废墟)四、另一些名词则以复数词出现的机会较多例:bellows风箱; clothes; police; shorts短裤; scissors剪刀; shears大剪刀 ,trousers长裤; wages工资,spectacles～glasses,眼镜。

若表达具体数目～要借助数量词例:pair(对～双); suit(套); a pair of glasses; two pairs of trousers五、合成名词1、将主体名词变为复数:例:daughter-in-law ? daughters-in-law 媳妇;father-in-law ? fathers-in-law岳父maid-servant ? maid-servantsstory-teller ? story-tellers,boy friend ? boy friends。

大山外国语学校六升初英语知识总汇之基础知识篇(上)大山小升初升学考试专用内部资料第一讲名词（Noun）一、名词名词是用来表示人、动物、物品、地点名称的词。

这类词在句子中起非常重要的作用。

我们在认识一种事物的时候首先接触到的就是名词。

名词属于实词，有具体的含义。

比如：mother, water, bag, school, John 等，都是名词。

二、名词的种类名词分为专有名词和普通名词两大类。

1、普通名词是指一般的人、食物或是一个抽象概念的名称。

（1）个体名词：表示某类人或事物之中的某一个体。

如：teacher , car , pen，son等（2）集体名词：表示相关的人或事物所构成的集合体。

如：class , team ,people ,Family等（3）物质名词：2、专有名词是指特定的人、事物、地点、机构等专有的名称的词。

人名：John 约翰Tom 汤姆Lucy 露西国家和城市：China 中国America 美国Canada 加拿大Beijing 北京London 伦敦建筑：the Great Wall 长城the Summer Palace 颐和园星期、月份、节日：Monday 星期一Sunday 星期日June 六月the Spring Festival 春节注意：要记住所有专有名词的第一个字母都要大写，名字、国家、城市、建筑、月份、节日第一个字母都要大写！三、名词分为可数名词和不可数名词1）可数名词表示可以以数计算的名词，也就是可以数的名词，叫做可数名词。

如：a dog 一只狗an apple 一个苹果 a student 一个学生当我们想要表达两个或两个以上的东西时，就要用它们的复数形式。

如：two dogs 两只狗three apples 三个苹果many students 很多学生2）名词变复数的规则A）一般情况下在名词词尾+ smap 地图→maps bag 书包→bagsB) 以s,x,sh,ch,结尾的名词变复数+ esbus 公交车→buses box 盒子→boxeswatch 手表→watches potato 土豆→potatoes C）以“o”结尾的名词，分两种情况1）有生命的+es mango 芒果→mangoes hero 英雄→heroes2) 无生命的+s Photo 照片→photos radio 广播→radios D）以y 结尾的名词需变y为i再+ esbaby 婴儿→babiesE) 以f/fe结尾的名词需去f/fe再+ veswolf 狼→wolves knife 小刀→knivesF) 单复同形sheep 绵羊deer 鹿people 人们police 警察Chinese 中国人Japanese 日本人G) 不规则变化man 男人→men woman 女人→womenfoot 脚→feet child 孩子→childrentooth 牙齿→teeth goose 鹅→geese3）不可数名词这些词通常是些表示液态，气态和食物的单词。

可数名词不规则变化可数名词复数的不规则变化：1）child---children foot---feet tooth---teeth mouse---mice man---men woman---women注意：与 man 和 woman构成的合成词，其复数形式也是 -men 和-women。

注意：man, woman, gentleman等作定语时，其单复数以所修饰的名词的单复数而定。

如：men workerswomen teachersgentlemen officials2）单复同形如：－deer，sheep，fish，－钱：li，jin，yuan，two li，three mu，four jin但除人民币元、角、分外，美元、英镑、法郎等都有复数形式。

如:a dollar, two dollars; a meter, two meters－Chinese，Japanese 人3）集体名词，以单数形式出现，但实为复数。

如：staff people police cattle 等本身就是复数，不能说a staff a people，a police，a cattle，但可以说a person，a policeman，a head of cattle,the English，the British，the French，the Chinese，theJapanese，the Swiss 等名词，表示国民总称时，作复数用。

如：The Chinese are industries and brave. 中国人民是勤劳勇敢的。

4）以s 结尾，仍为单数的名词，如：a. maths，politics，physics等学科名词，为不可数名词，是单数。

b. news 是不可数名词。

c. the United States，the United Nations 应视为单数。

The United Nations was organized in 1945. 联合国是1945年组建起来的。

名次变复数----规则与不规则名词的变化以s、x、sh、ch结尾的名词加es:glasses, boxes, brushes, matches.以辅音字母力口y 结尾的名词，变y 为i力口es:cities, babies, enemies. 4)以f或fe结尾的名词，多数变f为v加es:wives, knives但有些词只加s:roofs, proofs, chiefs.以o结尾的名词，有些加es:Negroes, heroes, tomatoes, potatoes其它力口s:radio s, zoos, pia nos, photos.不规则名词：foot — feet, goose — geese, tooth — teeth, child — childre n,ma n — me n, womans wome n, sheep —sheep, deer —deer, mouse —mice.某些外来词变复数：datum —data, medium —media, bacterium —bacteria,curriculum —curricula, criterion —criteria, phenomenon —phenoumna.Qn —a) analysis —analyses, basis —bases, cris —crises,diag no sis —diag no sesi$ —es )复合名词变复数：以不可数名词结尾的复合名词无复数形式，如：homework.以man或woman为前缀的复合名词变复数，前后两个名词都变复数，如：manservant f menservants, woman student women students. 其它复合名词变复数：grow n up f grow n ups,brother in law f brothers in law, stand by f stands by.二、不规则变化几乎所有单词arise 出现arose arisenawake 醒来awoke awaked / awokenbaby-sit 临时照顾baby-sat baby-satbe(am / is / are)是was / were beenbeat 击打beat beatenbegin 开始began begunbend 使弯曲bent bentbet 赌bet betbite 咬bit bitten / bitblow 吹blew blownbreak 打破broke brokenbring 拿来brought broughtbuild 建造built builtbur n 燃烧bur nt / bur ned bur nt / bur nedbuy 买bought boughtcan 能could xcast 抛cast castcatch 捕捉caught caught choose 选择chose chosencost 花费cost costcut 割cut cutdeal 分配dealt dealt dig 挖dug dug do / does 做did done draw 画，拉，拖drew drawn dream 做梦dreamed / dreamt dreamed / dreamt drink 喝drank drunkdrive 驾驶drove driven eat 吃ate eaten fall 掉落fell fallen feed 喂fed fed feel 触摸felt felt fight 作战fought fought find 找出found found fly 飞flew flown forbid 禁止forbade / forbad forbiddenforget 忘记forgot forgot / forgotten forgive 原谅forgave forgiven freeze 结冰froze frozen get 得到got got give 给gave given go 去went gone grow 成长grew grown hang 挂/绞死hung / hanged hung / hanged have / has 有had had be was/were been （be动词） do did done （助动词）speak spoke spoken 讲（话） read read read （阅读）cut cut cut （切） cost cost cost （花费） go went gone （去,走） feel felt felt （感觉）dig dug dug （挖）write wrote written （写）get got gotten （自己查一下,这个词要看用在那里了）see saw seen 看（）spend spent spent （花费）put put put （放下）find fought fought （找，查明）deal dealt dealt （分配）bend bent bent （使…变曲）fight fought fought （搏斗，奋斗） keep kept kept （留下，保留，继续） lay laid lain （放置，躺下，保留） lend lent lent （借出，借给） lose lost lost（失去，丧失） sit sat sat （坐，就坐）sleep slept slept（睡觉，睡着）英语不规则动词表Infinitive Past Tense Past Participle 不定式过去分词abide abode,abided abode,abided arise arose arisenawake awoke,awaked awoken,awakedbe（am,is,are） was;were beenbear bore borne,bornbeat beat beatenbefall befell befallenbeget begot begotten,begot begin began begun behold beheld beheld bend bent bent bereave bereaved,bereft bereaved,bereft beseech besought,beseechedbesought,beseeched beset beset beset bespeak bespoke bespoken,bespoke bespread bespread bespread bestrew bestrewed bestrewn,bestrewed bestride bestrode,bestrid bestridden,bestrid bet bet,betted bet,betted betake betook betaken bethink bethought bethought bid bade,bid bidden,bid bide bode,bided bided bind bound bound bite bit bitten,bit bleed bled bled blend blended,blent blended,blent bless blessed,blest blessed,blestblow blew blown break broke broken breed bred bred bring brought brought broadcast broadcast,broadcasted broadcast,broadcasted browbeat browbeat browbeatenbuild built builtburn burnt,burned burnt,burned burst burst burst buy bought bought cast cast cast catch caught caught chide chid,chided chid,chidden,chided choose chose chosencleave cleaved,cleft,clove cleaved,cleft,cloven cleave cleaved,clave cleaved cling clung clungclothe clothed,clad clothed,cladcost cost costcreep crept creptcrow crowed,crew crowedcut cut cutdeal dealt dealt dig dug dug dispread dispread dispread do did done draw drew drawn dream dreamed,dreamt dreamed,dreamt drink drank drunk drive drove driven dwell dwelt,dwelled dwelt,dwelled eat ate eaten fall fell fallen feed fed fed feel felt felt fight fought fought find found found flee fled fled fling flung flung fly flew flown forbear forboreforborne forbid forbade,forbad forbidden,forbidfordo fordid fordoneforecast forecast,forecasted forecast,forecasted forego forewent foregone foreknow foreknew foreknown forerun foreran forerun foresee foresaw foreseen foreshow foreshowed foreshown foretell foretold foretold forget forgot forgotten,forgot forgive forgave forgiven forsake forsook forsaken forswear forswore forsworn freeze froze frozen gainsay gainsaid gainsaid get got got,gotten gild gilded,gilt gilded,gilt gird girded,girt girded,girt give gave given go went gone grave graved graven,graved grind ground groundgrow grew grownhamstring hamstrung,hamstringed hamstrung,hamstringed hang hung,hangedhung,hangedhave(has) had had hear heard heard heave heaved,hove heaved,hove hew hewed hewn,hewed hide hid hidden,hid hit hit hit hold held held hurt hurt hurt inlay inlaid inlaid keep kept kept kneel knelt,kneeled knelt,kneeled knit knitted,knit knitted,knit know knew known lade laded laded,laden lay laid laid lead led led lean leaned,leant leaned,leant leap leapt,leaped leapt,leapedlearn learned,learnt learned,learnt leave left left lend lent lent let let let lie lay lain light lit,lighted lit,lighted lose lost lost make made made mean meant meant meet met met melt melted melted,molten misdeal misdealt misdealt misgive misgave misgiven mislay mislaid mislaid mislead misled misled mistake mistook mistaken misunderstand misunderstood misunderstood mow mowed mowed,mown outbid outbidoutbid,outbidden outbreed outbred outbred outdo outdid outdoneoutdraw outdrew outdrawn outgo outwent outgone outgrow outgrew outgrown outlay outlaid outlaid outride outrode outridden outrun outran outrun outsell outsold outsold outshine outshone outshone outshoot outshot outshot outsit outsat outsat outspend outspent outspent outspread outspread outspread outwear outwore outworn overbear overbore overborne overbid overbid overbidden,overbid overblow overblew overblown overbuild overbuilt overbuilt overbuy overbought overbought overcast overcast overcast overdo overdid overdone overdraw overdrew overdrawn overdrive overdrove overdriven overeat overate overeaten overfeed overfed overfed overfly overflew overflown overgrow overgrew overgrown overhang overhung overhung overhear overheard overheard overlay overlaid overlaid overleap overleapt,overleaped overleapt,overleaped overlie overlay overlain overpay overpaid overpaid override overrode overridden overrun overran overrun oversee oversaw overseen oversell oversold oversold overset overset overset oversew oversewed oversewed,oversewn overshoot overshot overshot oversleep overslept overslept overspend overspent overspent overspread overspread overspreadovertake overtook overtaken overthrow overthrew overthrown overwind overwound overwound overwrite overwrote overwritten partake partook partaken pay paid paid precast precast precast prove proved proved,proven put put put quit quitted,quit quitted,quit read read[red] read[red] reave reaved,reft reaved,reft rebuild rebuilt rebuilt recast recast recast reeve rove,reeved rove,reeved relay relaid relaid rend rent rent repay repaid repaid reset reset reset retell retold retold rid rid,ridded rid,riddedride rode ridden ring rang rung rise rose risen rive rived riven,rived run ran run saw sawed sawn,sawed say said said see saw seen seek sought sought sell sold sold send sent sent set set set sew sewed sewn,sewed shake shook shaken shave shaved shaved,shaven shear sheared shorn,sheared shed shed shed shine shone shone shoe shod,shoed shod,shoed,shodden shoot shot shot show showed shown,showed shred shredded,shred shredded,shred shrink shrank,shrunk shrunk,shrunken shriveshrove,shrived shriven,shrived shut shut shut sing sang,sung sung sink sank,sunk sunk,sunken sit sat sat slay slew slain sleep slept slept slide slid slid,slidden sling slung slung slink slunk slunk slit slit slit smell smelt,smelled smelt,smelled smite smote smitten,smote sow sowed sown,sowed speak spoke spoken speed sped,speedsped,speed spell spelt,spelled spelt,spelled spend spent spent spill spilt,spilledspilt,spilled spin spun spun spit spat,spit spat,spit split split split spoil spoilt,spoiled spoilt,spoiled spread spread spread spring sprang,sprung sprung stand stood stood stave staved,stove staved,stove steal stole stolen stick stuck stuck sting stung stung stink stank,stunk stunk strew strewed strewn,strewed stride strode stridden,strid strike struck struck,stricken string strung strung strive strove,strived striven,strived swear swore sworn sweat sweat,sweated sweat,sweated sweep swept swept swell swelled swollen,swelledswim swam swum swing swung swung take took taken teach taught taught tear tore torn tell told told think thought thought thrive throve,thrived thriven,thrived throw threw thrown thrust thrust thrust tread trod trodden,trod unbend unbent unbent unbind unbound unbound unbuild unbuilt unbuilt underbid underbid underbidden,underbid underbuy underbought underbought undercut undercut undercut underfeed underfed underfed undergo underwent undergone underlay underlaid underlaid underlet underlet underlet underlie underlay underlain underpay underpaid underpaid underrun underran underrunundersell undersold undersold underset underset underset undershoot undershotundershot understand understood understood undertake undertook undertakenunderwrite underwrote underwritten undo undid undone undraw undrew undrawnunfreeze unfroze unfrozen ungird ungirded,ungirt ungirded,ungirt unhang unhungunhung unknit unknitted,unknit unknitted,unknit unlade unladed unladed,unladen unlayunlaid unlaid unlearn unlearnt,unlearned unlearnt,unlearned unmake unmade unmadeunreeve unrove,unreeved unrove,unreeved unsay unsaid unsaidunset unset unset unsling unslung unslung unstick unstuck unstuck unstring unstrungunstrung unswear unswore unsworn unteach untaught untaught unthink unthoughtunthought untread untrod untrodden,untrod unweave unwove unwoven unwind unwoundunwound upbuild upbuilt upbuilt uphold upheld upheld uppercut uppercut uppercut uprise uprose uprisen upset upset upset upsweep upswept upswept upswing upswung upswung wake waked,woke waked,woken,woke waylay waylaid waylaid wear wore worn weave wove wovenwed wedded,wed wedded,wed weep wept wept wet wetted,wet wetted,wet win won won wind winded,wound winded,wound wit(wot) wist wist withdraw withdrew withdrawn withhold withheld withheld withstand withstood withstood work worked,wrought worked,wrought wring wrung wrung write wrote written。

英语不规则‎名词复数表‎一、分类1. 以f或fe‎结尾：大多数以f‎或fe结尾‎的名词的复‎数形式时将‎其转为ve‎s，但个别直接‎加s：* roof‎→‎roofs‎屋顶* gulf‎→‎gulfs‎海湾* grief‎→‎grief‎s悲伤, 悲痛, 担心* cliff‎→‎cliff‎s悬崖, 峭壁* beef‎→‎beefs‎牛肉* chief‎→‎chief‎s首长, 首领* proof‎→‎proof‎s证明* staff‎→‎staff‎s全体职员2. 元音：有些名称的‎复数形式是‎改变它们的‎元音声：* -man‎→‎-men 男……* -woman‎→‎-women‎女……* firem‎a n‎→‎firem‎e n 消防员*‎foot‎→‎feet‎脚* goose‎→‎geese‎鹅* tooth‎→‎teeth‎牙齿* mouse‎→‎mice‎老鼠* louse‎→‎lice‎虱子3. 古代英语：有些是沿用‎古代英语：* child‎→‎child‎r en 小孩, 儿童*‎ox‎→‎o xen 牛, 阉牛4. 以o结尾：有的以o结‎尾的单词加‎“s”：* auto‎→‎autos‎[美口] 汽车* kanga‎r oo‎→‎kanga‎r oos 袋鼠* kilo‎→‎kilos‎千克, 公斤* memo‎→‎memos‎[口] 备忘录* photo‎→‎photo‎s照片* piano‎→‎piano‎s钢琴* pimen‎t o‎→‎pimen‎t os多香果*‎pro‎→‎pros‎赞成意见*‎con‎→‎cons‎反对意见*‎solo‎→‎s olos‎,soli独唱, 独奏* sopra‎n o‎→‎sopra‎n os 女高音* studi‎o‎→‎studi‎o s 工作室* tatto‎o‎→‎tatto‎o s 文身* video‎→‎video‎s视频*‎zoo‎→‎zoos‎动物园* bambo‎o‎→‎bambo‎o s 竹子有的则加“es”：* echo‎→‎echoe‎s回声, 反响* embar‎g o‎→‎embar‎g oes 禁运, 禁运令* hero‎→‎heroe‎s英雄* potat‎o‎→‎potat‎o es 土豆* tomat‎o‎→‎tomat‎o es 番茄* torpe‎d o‎→‎torpe‎d oes 鱼雷, 水雷* veto‎→‎vetoe‎s否决, 否决权* negro‎→‎negro‎e s 黑人有的两种都‎可以：* buffa‎l o‎→‎buffa‎l os / buffa‎l oes / buffa‎l o 水牛* cargo‎→‎cargo‎s / cargo‎e s (船/飞机的)货物* halo‎→‎halos‎/ haloe‎s光环* mosqu‎i to‎→‎mosqu‎i tos / mosqu‎i toes‎蚊子* motto‎→‎motto‎s / motto‎e s 箴言, 格言*‎no‎→‎nos‎/‎noes没有* torna‎d o‎→‎torna‎d os / torna‎d oes 龙卷风* volca‎n o‎→‎volca‎n os / volca‎n oes 火山* zero‎→‎zeros‎/ zeroe‎s零* comma‎n do‎→‎comma‎n ds / comma‎n does‎突击员5. 不变：有的则不变‎：*‎cod‎→‎cod‎鳕鱼*‎deer‎→‎deer‎鹿*‎fish‎→‎fish‎鱼, 鱼类* offsp‎r ing‎→‎offsp‎r ing 子孙, 后裔, 幼崽* perch‎→‎perch‎鲈鱼* sheep‎→‎sheep‎绵羊* trout‎→‎trou‎鲑鱼* bison‎→‎bison‎野牛* moose‎→‎moose‎驼鹿* aircr‎a ft‎→‎aircr‎a ft 飞机, 飞行器* barra‎c ks‎→‎barra‎c ks 兵营* cross‎r oads‎→‎cross‎r oads‎十字路口*‎dice‎→‎dice‎骰子* gallo‎w s‎→‎gallo‎w s 绞刑架* headq‎u arte‎r s‎→‎headq‎u arte‎r s 总部* means‎→‎means‎方法, 手段, 途径* serie‎s‎→‎serie‎s系列* speci‎e s‎→‎speci‎e s 物种6. 借用单词：英语中有些‎单词是借用‎其他语言的‎。

小升初英语名词讲义名词的定义名词是表示人、事、物、地点以及抽象概念的词。

例如：Linda琳达boy男孩dog狗table桌子park公园Paris巴黎peace和平courage勇气名词的分类专有名词和普通名词名词根据其意义可以分为专有名词和普通名词。

1.专有名词:表示特定的人或事物名称的词。

如：人名：Peter彼得Snow White白雪公主Mr Green格林先生星期：Sunday星期天Monday星期一月份：April四月May五月December +二月节日：Christmas Day 圣诞节the Spring Festival 春节国家：China中国Australia澳大利亚城市：Beijing北京London伦敦建筑：the Great Wall长城the Eiffel Tower埃菲尔铁塔街道：the Fifth Avenue第五大道West Street韦斯特大街组织：the WTO世贸组织2.普通名词:凡不属于特定的人或小物名称的词，叫普通名词。

普通名词又可分为个体名词、集体名词，物质名词和抽象名词。

个体名词：book 书cup杯子desk课桌集体名词：family家庭people人民class班级物质名词：air空气milk牛奶grass草抽象名词：idea主意health健康interest兴趣温馨小提示在记忆单词时,可采用以下方法：1.形近词辨析记忆，如peace （和平）和peach （桃子）；2.归类记忆，如表示月份的词从January到December,表示星期的词从Monday到Sunday等；3.同音异形词记忆，如meal （肉）和meet （见而）；4.同（近）义词归类记忆，如race （比赛）和match （比界）；5.反义词归类记忆，如day （白天）和night （夜晚）。

可数名词和不可数名词名词根据是否能够用数字来计算，可以分为可数名词和不可数名词。