风险 Risks
损失 Losses
海上损失
其他损失
全部损失 Total Loss
实际全损Actual Total Loss
推定全损 Constructive Total Loss
部分损失 Partial Loss
共同海损General Average
单独海损Particular Average
Perils of the sea
heavy weather, lightening, earthquake, volcanic eruption and so on.
natural calamities:
fire, explosion, vessel being stranded, grounded, sunk or capsized, collision or contact of vessel with any external object other than water
Coverage
Free from Particular Average (F.P.A) With Particular Average or With Average (W.P.A or W.A) All Risks
basic risks
general additional risks special additional risk
Insurance Policy (保险单,俗称大保单) Insurance Certificate (保险凭证,俗称小保单) Open Policy /Open Cover (预约保险单/总保险单)
2.Particular average: It means partial loss or damage accidentally caused to the ship or to a particular lot of goods. Particular average is not a total loss. It must be borne by the owner of the property suffering the loss, it is distinct from general average, which is shared by all who have a financial interest in the voyage and its risks in proportion to the value of their interests.