上海市十校2012届高三第二次联考 英语试题

2011学年第二学期徐汇区高三年级英语学科学习能力诊断卷（考试时间120分钟，满分150分）2012.4第一卷I. Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversation and the question will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. At a tailor’s. B. At a laundry.C. At a restaurant.D. At a supermarket.2. A. She is talkative. B. She is sociable.C. She is confident.D. She is quiet.3. A. To the post office. B. To the market.C. To the dentist’s.D. To the bookstore.4. A. Having a holiday. B. Seeing another patient.C. Making an appointment.D. Working in his office.5. A. He is complaining to the sales manager. B. He is having a job interview.C. He is starting his own company.D. He is looking for the sales manager.6. A. The house. B. The newspaper.C. The advertisement.D. A room of two beds.7. A. Open the window to take a breath. B. Go and ask the staff.C. Buy a ticket for herself.D. Look at the schedule carefully.8. A. The man should not dream of being a star. B. The man didn’t practice hard enough.C. The man should find a new partner.D. The man should not give up.9. A. An art museum. B. A beautiful park.C. A college campus.D. An architectural exhibition.10. A. The man blamed the woman for being careless.B. The man misunderstood the woman’s apology.C. The woman offered to pay for the man’s coffee.D. The woman spilt coffee on the man’s suit.Section BDirections: In Section B, you will hear two short passages, and you will be asked three questions on each of the passages. The passages will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. Waterloo station. B. The South of France.C. London.D. The English Channel.12. A. He bought some newspapers. B. He ordered taxi to the city centre.C. He had some food for lunch.D. He enjoyed the scenery outside.13. A. It’s fast but expensive. B. It’s smooth a nd comfortable.C. It’s cheap but inconvenient.D. It’s exhausting and boring.Questions 14 through 16are based on the following passage.14. A. Pick out couples by looking at their photos.B. Distinguish happily-married couples from unhappy ones.C. Discover the common experience of the couples.D. Find out the similarities between each couple.15. A. Happily-married couples are often richer than others.B. People who look alike are likely to get married.C. The influence between couples can be quite strong.D. All couples have been proved to grow alike.16. A. To tell how couples get along with each other.B. To show the life experience of husband and wife.C. To explain why couples gradually grow alike.D. To describe the study on a number of married people.Section CDirections:In Section C, you will hear two longer conversations. The conversations will be read twice. After you hear each conversation, you are required to fill in the numbered blanks with the information you have heard. Write your answers on your answer sheet.Complete the form. Write ONE WORD for each answer.Complete the form. Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer.II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections:Beneath each of the following sentences there are four choices marked A, B. C and D. Choose the one answer that best completes the sentence.25. It has been clearly stated that whoever can solve the problem first shall be entitled ______ the great honour--- “Talent of the School”.A. forB. toC. inD. on26. When she saw the homeless cat enjoyed the food very much, the kind lady put a little ______ on theplate.A. oneB. muchC. lessD. more27. --- I don't know why Denise started crying when I mentioned the wedding.--- It ______ what you said about her brother. Or, perhaps she is just nervous.A. should have beenB. couldn’t have beenC. could have beenD. must have been28. The businessman boasts to me that I can’t find a ____ jade bracelet(玉镯), because his shop deals in thebest.A. goodB. betterC. bestD. worse29. As we have mentioned previously, we will be dedicated to solving the problem within the currentframework, rather than _____ a new one.A. establishingB. establishC. to establishD. established30. John is not a man to count on, and it is very likely that the work ____ by the time he arrives here.A. is finishedB. has finishedC. will finishD. will have been finished31. The possibility of a murder _____, the police have set about looking for the clues to her suicide.A. to be excludedB. to excludeC. having excludedD. having been excluded32. It is recommended that the exploration team take with them an extra set of equipment _____ unexpectedemergency occurs.A. in thatB. so thatC. now thatD. in case33. How we express our ideas sometimes means more than _____ we mean to say.A. whatB. whichC. thatD. why34. We had better not bother our professor these days, for he is awfully busy preparing a report _____ at aninternational conference next month.A. being deliveredB. to be deliveredC. to deliverD. delivered35. The Campaign of Occupying Wall Street is a reflection of the contradictions(矛盾) _____ exist in thesociety of the US.A. on whichB. thatC. whereD. whose36. Most probably it will be another 7 hours _____ you can have next meal, so each of you must have yourstomach full.A. sinceB. whenC. afterD. before37. ______ by greater demand of vegetables, farmers have built more green houses.A. DrivenB. Being drivenC. To driveD. Having driven38. Now that we have settled the question of feasibility（可行性）, let’s proceed to the next one─_____raise the fund from the bank.A. whether should weB. that we shouldC. whether we shouldD. that should we39. They wonder _____ someone who wants to be a telecom engineer should study subjects such as history,literature, philosophy, etc.A. whatB. thatC. howD. why40. The “Warning” reads: “Under no circumstances _____ be kept near fire!”A. the chemical shouldB. the chemical shouldn’tC. should the chemicalD. should the chemical notSection BDirections:Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.The launch of Apple's iPhone 4s tempted thousands of buyers to its two outlets in Beijing on the cold winter night of Jan 12th. But the size of the crowds brought a sudden __(41)__ of sales of the iPhone 4s on the morning of Jan 13th and one store in Beijing didn't open at all, because the growing crowd of eager Apple followers created safety__(42)__.This is not the first time Apple's marketing strategy(策略) has caused such trouble among the buying public, for similar trouble __(43)__ in January last year when the first release launch of the iPhone 4 was made.Apple's clever marketing has made the company's products __(44)__lifestyle accessories(附件) for many, but this strategy will __(45)__ result in mass rushes and disturbances and if it continues with this marketing strategy, it is only a matter of time before one of its product launches ends in __(46)__.Intentionally fuelling demand by limiting a product release to create a state of panic among consumers, who fear they may not get their hands on their objects of desire, is not only immoral but also__(47)__.Apple should take the lessons from the experience of Unilever(联合利华). The giant consumer goods company was __(48)__ 2 million yuan in May 2011 by the Chinese government for repeatedly spreading rumors(谣言) of price rises.Apple has the ability to make it easier for consumers to order new products online or by telephone. Apple cannot afford to__(49)__the Chinese market, so it has no excuse for not changing its strategy so as to avoid such incidents in the future.III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections:For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A,B,C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Today, there are many avenues open to those who wish to continue their education. However, nearly all require some__(50)__in one’s career in order to att end school full time. Part-time education, that is, attending school at night or for one weekend a month, tends to drag the __(51)__out over time and puts the completion of a degree program out of reach of many people.__(52)__, such programs require a fixed time commitment which can also impact__(53)__on one’s career and family time.Of the many__(54)__to teaching and learning, however, perhaps the most flexible and accommodating is that called distance learning. Distance learning is an educational method, which allows the students the__(55)__to study at his or her own pace to achieve the__(56)__goals, which are so necessary in today’s world. The time required to study may be set aside at the student’s convenience with due__(57)__to all life’s ot her requirements. Besides, the student may__(58)__in distance learning courses from virtually any place in the world, while continuing to pursue their chosen career. Tutorial assistance may be__(59)__through regular airmail, telephone, fax machine, teleconferencing and over the Internet.Good distance learning programs are characterized by the inclusion of a subject__(60)__tool with every subject. This precludes（排除）the requirement for a student to travel away from home to take a test. Another characteristic of a good distance-learning program is the__(61)__of the distance-learning course with the same subject materials as those students taking the course on the home campus. The resultant diploma or degree should also be the same whether distance learning or on-campus study is employed.In the final analysis, a good distance learning program has a place not only for the__(62)__students but also the corporation or business that wants to work in partnership with their employees for the educational benefit, professional development, and business growth of the organization.__(63)__distance learning programs for their employees gives the business the advantage of retaining（保留）career-minded people while__(64)__to their personal and professional growth through education.50. A. experience B. break C. interest D. change51. A. process B. progress C. property D. possibility52. A. Surprisingly B. Additionally C. Fortunately D. Traditionally53. A. appropriately B. reasonably C. negatively D. favorably54. A. complaints B. attitudes C. difficulties D. approaches55. A. individuality B. responsibility C. flexibility D. visibility56. A. professional B. academic C. relevant D. separate57. A. desire B. ability C. regard D. account58. A. enroll B. evolve C. enclose D. emerge59. A. adequate B. vacant C. available D. reliable60. A. registration B. participation C. investigation D. evaluation61. A. demonstration B. equivalence C. combination D. qualification62. A. distinguished B. outstanding C. independent D. individual63. A. Sponsoring B. Requiring C. Indicating D. Protesting64. A. objecting B. responding C. contributing D. addingSection BDirections:Read the following three passages.Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A,B,C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)A Teacher’s LessonWhen Mrs. Thompson stood in front of her 5th grade class on the very first day of school, she told the children a lie. Like most teachers, she looked at her students and said that she loved them all the same.But that was impossible, because there in the front row was a little boy named Teddy Stoddard. Mrs. Thompson had watched Teddy the year before and noticed that he didn't play well with the other children, that his clothes were messy and that he constantly needed a bath. And Teddy could be unpleasant. It got to the point where Mrs. Thompson would actually take delight in marking his papers with a broad red pen, making bold X's and then putting a big "F" at the top of his papers.One day Mrs. Thompson was reviewing each child's past records and she put Teddy's off until last. However, when she reviewed his file, she was in for a surprise.Teddy's first grade teacher wrote, "Teddy is a bright child with a ready laugh...he is a joy to be around."His second grade teacher wrote, "Teddy is an excellent student, well liked by his classmates, but he is troubled because his mother has a serious illness and life at home must be a struggle."His third grade teacher wrote, "His mother's death has been hard on him. He tries to do his best but his father doesn't show much interest and his home life will soon affect him if some steps aren't taken."Teddy's fourth grade teacher wrote, "Teddy is withdrawn and doesn't show much interest in sc hool."By now, Mrs. Thompson realized the problem and she was ashamed of herself. She felt even worse when her students brought her Christmas presents, wrapped in beautiful ribbons and bright paper, except for Teddy's. His present was clumsily wrapped in the heavy, brown paper that he got from a grocery bag.Mrs. Thompson took pains to open it in the middle of the other presents. Some of the children started to laugh when she found a rhinestone(人造钻石) necklace with some of the stones missing. But she stopped the children's laughter when she said aloud how pretty the necklace was and put it on.Teddy Stoddard stayed after school that day just long enough to say, "Mrs. Thompson, today you looked just like my Mom used to." After the children left she cried. From that very day, Mrs. Thompson paid particular attention to Teddy. As she worked with him, his mind seemed to come alive. The more she encouraged him, the faster he responded. By the end of the year, Teddy had become one of the smartest children in the class and, despite her lie that she would love all the children the same, Teddy became one her "teacher's pets."65. When Mrs. Thompson started teaching her 5th grade class, she thought Teddy was _______.A. bright and smartB. dirty and unpleasantC. quiet and shyD. sensitive and pitiful66. What did Mrs. Thompson learn from Teddy's past records from other teachers?A. Teddy had difficulty in learning.B. Teddy was not interested in school.C. Teddy changed for a reason.D. Teddy was born in a poor family.67. The underlined word “clumsily” is closest in meaning to_______.A. gracefullyB. carefullyC. especiallyD. awkwardly68. Which of the following can best explain the lesson Mrs. Thompson learned from Teddy?A. Warmth is the vital element for the growing plant and for the soul of the child.B. A life without love is like a sunless garden when the flowers are dead.C. It is the art of the teacher to awaken joy in difficult situation.D. The best teachers are those who don’t stop teaching when the bell rings.(B)69. The first email is basically an email of __________.A. apologyB. sympathyC. appreciationD. complaint70. What is the “spray” used for according to the passage?A. To repair the damaged boots.B. To protect the soles from heat.C. To prevent the crew from danger.D. To protect the boots from concrete.71. According to the president of The Shoe People, John Trimbald ________.A. can exchange the damaged boots with new ones at any timeB. must return the damaged boots to any of the retail storesC. will get new pairs of boots and a free year's supply of sprayD. can return the damaged boots and spray for a full refund now(C)People are looking for ways to reduce their carbon footprint. Purchasing property that is environmentally responsible is a good investment for those who are concerned about their own health and the well-being of the earth. Based on this trend, entire districts, known as eco-communities, are being designed with a green focus in mind. Dockside Green in Victoria, British Columbia is one of them.If everything goes according to plan, Dockside Green will be a self sufficient community along the harbour front of British Columbia's capital city. The community will be home to 2500 people and will consist of residential, office, and retail space. Builders of Dockside Green have the environment in mind with every choice they make. They ensure proper ventilation（通风）, and guarantee residents 100% fresh indoor air. Building materials, such as paints and wood, are natural and non-poisonous. Eco-conscious builders use bamboo wherever possible because it grows fast and does not require pesticides（杀虫剂）to grow.Energy efficiency is one of the top concerns in eco-communities, such as Dockside Green. Not only do energy efficient appliances and light fixtures（照明设备）reduce the environmental impact of heating and hot water, they also save residents and business owners money. Dockside Green claims that home owners will use 55% less energy than average residents in Canada. Residents will have individual water metres as studies show that people use around 20% less energy when they are billed for exactly what they use. In addition, water is treated at Dockside Green and reused on site for flushing（冲洗）toilets.Planners of eco-communities such as Dockside Green must take the future into account. Dockside Green plans on reusing 90% of its construction waste. They also plan to continue using local suppliers for all of their transport and maintenance needs. This is a great way to reduce emissions（排放）. Dockside residents will be encouraged to make use of a mini transportation system and buy into the community's car share program. Finally, plans are in the works for a high-tech heating system that will use renewable energy instead of fossil fuels (化石燃料).Dockside residents will benefit from excellent local services with high quality healthcare, shopping and education at the heart of the community, along with excellent recreation facilities and plentiful green open spaces. The Eco-Community will favour the use of locally-sourced goods and services; they will be desirable places to live, promoting a tangible（看得见的）sense of civic pride, responsibility and, as the name suggests, community.72. Which of the following is TRUE about Dockside Green according to the passage?A. It is an environmental charity aiming at reducing carbon footprint.B. It is a self sufficient community with a population of 2500 people.C. It is being built along the harbor front that is threatened by pollution.D. It emphasizes the importance of green energy and energy efficiency.73. Bamboo is a favorable choice for builders because it _________.A. provides good air circulationB. keeps pets outside the houseC. grows quickly and easilyD. does not produce any waste74. Which is NOT one of the issues Dockside Green hope to address in the future?A. Convincing local factories not to pollute the air.B. Creating an alternative to fossil fuels heating.C. Having people pay for individual household usage.D. Promoting the car share program to the residents.75. Which of the following is the best title for the passage?A. Ways to Reduce Carbon FootprintB. Green Energy: New Trends in CanadaC. Eco-Communities: Dockside GreenD. Wise Investment in Eco-CommunitiesSection CDirections:Read the following text and choose the most suitable heading from A-F for each paragraph. There is one extra heading which you do not need.Do you want to start a school newspaper? If you do, then this is the article for you. Starting a school newspaper can be a great learning experience and is a respectable thing to put on a resume(简历) in the future as it shows your interviewer your leadership skills and that could very well help land you the dream job for your future. Being part of the school newspaper will give you a good idea on other people you barely know and also it will give you a chance to learn what goes on in the school.This is essential for the success of the newspaper. A teacher brings something very important to the party, and that is authority. A teacher is there primarily to help make sure that everyone gets their articles in on time. With a teacher, staff simply feel an obligation to get their articles in. This really makes your job a lot easier. A teacher not only sees to it that articles are handed in on time, with a teacher around, staff will quit over 80% less.Use your common sense for what's suitable for a middle school newspaper. Don't print anything hinting on weapons, violence, drugs, or basically anything that's illegal or not fit for middle school.Because most school newspapers have 12 articles, brainstorm 12. Some ideas are: games, colouring contest, short story, advice, random facts, sports, poetry or fashion. Once you have these articles planned out, open a word document and come up with cool titles and layout for your newspaper. You can copy a few things from the internet, but if it has a copyright, make sure to say where you got them from.Recommend to your staff that once they hand in their first article, get a head start on their next article because life consists of all things, e.g. sickness, vacation, family affairs etc. Also tell them to let you know if they can't get one article in so you can cover for them. Print off the schedule and give it to all your staff members.Section DDirections: Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words.When the Internet powerhouse Yahoo wanted to teach ethics（道德标准）to its employees, it faced a challenge familiar to multinational companies.Yahoo employs nearly 14,000 people at 25 sites worldwide. They would feel bored at sitting down in front of a dated video in which actors with 1980s haircuts tell them what to do. So it hired a company called The Network to design a game. In the game, the truck where Yahoo was founded traveled the world, turning into a boat and a helicopter along the way as it visited some of Yahoo’s foreign offices. Participants play in game show-like scenarios（场景）that quiz them about conflicts of interest and doing business fairly. And employees note: Yahoo is tracking how well they do.Such activities draw more enthusiastic participation and teach more effectively than traditional methods. They are described as alternative-reality games (ARGs), involving both interactive and real-world elements. Besides teaching employees, ARGs have also been used in many areas for a number of different purposes.From a marketing perspective, a number of very successful ARGs have been written as a way to build product awareness. A very popular ARG called I Love Bees was produced to market the 2004 video game Halo 2. At its height, I Love Bees received between two to three million unique visitors over the course of three months.ARGs are more than just a fun way to learn. They have also been used to solve real world problems. An ARG called World Without Oil was created to obtain collective input from players about dealing with the world’s dependency on oil.World without Oil simulates（模拟）the first 32 days of a global oil crisis and anybody could play by creating a personal story that recorded the imagined reality of their life in the crisis. World Without Oil’s success on a s mall budget has opened the door for similar games to engage mainstream Internet users with climate change, education reform, governmental policy and other timely, vital issues.(Note: Answer the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN TEN WORDS.)81. What challenge did yahoo face in teaching ethics to its employees?82. In the game designed for yahoo, participants had to answer questions about ________.83. What are the three major functions of ARG mentioned in the passage?84. The success of World Without Oil suggests that ARGs can ________.第II卷（共45分）I . TranslationDirections:Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.1、因为下雨，开幕式推迟了。

上海市十校2011—2012学年度高三第二学期考试英语试题第Ⅰ卷（共105分）I．Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers．At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said．The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once．After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard．1．A．At a car shop．B．At a garage．C．In a parking area ．D．In a car showroom．2．A．The meeting started earlier．B．His car was broken．C．He met with a traffic jam．D．He lost his way．3．A．Change his address．B．Mail some letters．C．Deliver some telegrams．D．Call the post office．4．A．He wrote it last semester．B．He’ll finish it in a few minutes．C．He never does assignment early．D．He isn’t going to write it．5．A．Boss and secretary．B．Coach and athlete．C．Doctor and patient．D．Teacher and student．6．A．10:00．B．10:10．C．10:20．D．10:30．7．A．It’s better than it used to be．B．It’s not as good as it was．C．It’s better than people say．D．It’s even worse than people say．8．A．Because she has walked a long distance．B．Because she was tired out．C．Because she is all wet．D．Because she is careless．9．A．Rewrite the paper．B．Ask he woman to do some typing．C．Read the newspaper again．D．Check the paper for mistakes．10．A．A rent increase．B．A bargain．C．A salary cut．D．A vacation trip．Section BDirections: In Section B, you will hear two short passages, and you will be asked two questions on each of the passages．The passages will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once．When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard．Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage．11．A．To buy a hearing-aid．B．To have a hearing-aid repaired．C．To get a pen and a piece of paper．D．To solve his own problem．12．A．He explained it in words．B．He made some gestures．C．He wrote it on a piece of paper．D．he drew a picture about it．13．A．He was deaf, but not dumb B．He was dumb, but not deaf．C．He was deaf and dumb．D．He has just had a throat operation．Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage．14．A．A restaurant host ．B．A tour guide．C．A history teacher ．D．A park attendant．15．A．A small restaurant．B．A revolutionary army．C．A famous commander．D．A historic tree．16．A．A heavy storm．B．Its old age．C．Attacks of insects．D．Too much rain．Section CDirections: In Section C, you will hear two longer conversations．The conversations will be read twice．After you hear each conversation, you are required to fill in the numbered blanks with the information you have heard．Write your answers on your answer sheet．Blanks 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation．Complete the form．Write ONE WORD for each answer．Tom’s activities in the spring semesterCourses taken by Tom: ___17____ and EnglishStudy plan: Study ___18___-timePlaces he tried to work at: Gas ___19____ and restaurantExpected job: ____20_____Blanks 21 through 24 are based on the following conversation．Complete the form．Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer．Who bought the pen as a birthday gift? ____21_____How much does the present cost? ____22_____What’s wrong with the point of the pen? ____23_____How will the shop inform the customer of the new present? ____24_____II．Grammar and V ocabularySection ADirections: Beneath each of the following sentences there are four choices marked A, B, C and D．Choose the one answer that best completes the sentence．25．Western journalists claim to be loyal the truth only．But they never bothered to question the truthfulness of the Dalai Lama’s claims．A．to B．about C．with D．for 26．We’re programmed to want more food, we won’t have a chance to eat tomorrow．A．even though B．just in case C．in which way D．in which case 27．______I find someone______understands my dislike for the conventional driveway makes me eternally grateful．A．What; that B．When; who C．Who; that D．That; who 28．We hoped that the bird had found some friendly person, landed on his shoulder, ______．A．expected to love and care for B．expecting to love and care forC．expecting to be loved and cared for D．to expect to be loved and cared for 29．It is not until May, 2013 the online consultation comes to an end the draft will beofficially in force．A．when; that B．that; thatC．that; when D．before; that30．—Please go on with your demonstration．—But where was I?—Well, you_____the two chemicals together．A．tried to mix B．were trying to mixC．were trying mixed D．had tried to mix31．In his lecture, the professor referred to the belief, in contrast to all other countries, ______the elderly are wise, ______is particularly dominant in the Chinese culture．A．that; one that B．that; that C．which, which D．that; one 32．Some people claim the rumor that some Egyptians are planning a 100,000 people anti-government protest．A．to overhear B．to have overheardC．having overheard D．to be overheard33．I was standing atop a North Carolina mountain, the afternoon sun______like golden lace through the trees．A．threaded B．threadingC．being threaded D．was threaded34．―The impact will only grow Iran’s leaders decide to change course and meet their international obligations,‖ US Secretary of State Clinton warned．A．in case that B．provided that C．unless D．until 35．—Are you going to the concert tonight?—I should have told you that I won’t, ______?A．haven’t you B．shouldn’t youC．are you D．will you36．Some people believe that they would be better off more adaptive activities in their leisure time, such as establishing relationships and teaching their children．A．doing B．to doC．having done D．to be doing37．―All is necessary for the triumph of the evil is good men do nothing．‖ Edmund Burke said．A．what; that B．that; whyC．what; when D．that; that38．To make it up to his unpleasant experiences in hospital, the man drank a little more______．A．than good health B．than was good for his healthC．than his health was D．than that his health was39．Since time began, it seems, people have been putting off______they______have done today, scolding themselves in the meantime．A．that, must B．that, shouldC．what, could D．what, would40．—What a beautiful girl your daughter is!—______．A．So she is and so are you B．So is she and so are youC．So she is and so you are D．So she is and so you areSection BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box．Each word can only be used once．Note that there is one word more than you need．A．best-selling B．influenced C．tragic D．canceled AB．in peaceAC．used to AD．given BC．focus BD．comeback C D．concentrationA year ago, at the annual pre-Grammy party, Whitney Houston, the great diva（女歌手）, walked on stage and closed the evening with a brilliant performance．Last Saturday, Houston was once again the 41 of the showcase before the Grammys, but her presence was a posthumous（死后的）one．Earlier that day, pop music’s former queen w as found dead in her hotel room．She was 48．This, no doubt, is sad news to the whole music industry and her fans all over the world, __42__ what a legendary life and remarkable career that she once had．At her peak, Houston was the golden girl of the music world．From the mid-1980s to the late 1990s, she was one of the world’s43 artists．She strongly impressed the audiences with effortless, powerful and peerless vocals．Besides multi-million record sales, Houston made countless hits such as The Greatest Love of All, I Have Nothing, and the mostly famous I Will Always Love You．She also 44 a generation of younger singers, from Christina Aguilera to Mariah Carey．But by the end of her career, it was a 45 fall for this superstar．Houston has been addicted to drugs．Her album sales plummeted and the hits stopped coming．Her once calm and peaceful image was shattered by a wild manner and unusual public appearances, and her once natural voice became rough and hoarse, unable to hit the high notes as she 46 ．―The biggest devil is me．I’m either my best friend or my worst enemy,‖ Houston told the ABC in an interview in 2002．In 2009, Houston staged what seemed to be a successful 47 with the album I Look To You, which debuted on top of the charts．But hoarse voice, 48 concerts, and continuous illness–Houston’s comeback trail wasn’t smooth at all．In an interview with Oprah Winfrey in 2009, Houston confessed: ―It （show business）is too much．So much to try to live up to, to try to be, and I wanted out．‖Now that Houston has finally taken a break from all the chaos, may she rest 49 ．III．Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D．Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context．Sometimes people come into your life and you know right away that they were meant to be there, to serve some sort of 50 , teach you a lesson, or to help you figure out who you are or who you want to become．You 51 know who these people maybe （possibly your roommate, neighbor, co-worker, long lost friend, lover, or even a complete stranger）, but when you lock eyes with them, you know at that very moment they will affect your life in some 52 way．And sometimes things happen to you that may seem horrible, painful．and unfair at first, but__53__you find that without overcoming those obstacles you would have never realized your potential, strength, willpower, or heart．Everything happens for a reason．Nothing happens 54 or by means of good luck．Illness, injury, love, lost moments of true greatness and sheer stupidity all occur to test the limits of your soul．55 these small tests whatever they may be, life would be like a smoothly paved, straight, flat road to nowhere．It would be safe and comfortable, but dull and utterly 56 ．The people you meet who affect your life, and the success and downfalls you experience, help to create who you are and who you become．Even the 57 experiences can be learned from．In fact, they are probably the most poignant and important ones．If someone hurts you, 58 you, or breaks your heart, forgive them, for they have helped you learn about trust and the importance of being cautious when you open your heart．If someone loves you, love them back 59 , not only because they love you, but because in a way, they are teaching you to love and how to open your 60 and eyes to things．Make every day count．61 every moment and take from those moments everything that you possibly can for you may never be able to experience it again．Talk to people that you have never talked to before, and actually listen．Let yourself fall in love, break free, and set your sights high．Hold your head up because you have 62 right to．Tell yourself you are a great individual and believe in yourself, for if you don’t believe in yourself, it will be hard for others to believe in you．You can make of your life anything you wish．Create your own life and then go out and live it with absolutely no 63 ．Most importantly, if you LOVE someone, tell him or her, for you never know what tomorrow may have 64 ．And learn a lesson in life each day that you live．That’s the story of life．50．A．people B．purpose C．intention D．advantage 51．A．already B．sometimes C．should D．never 52．A．limited B．strange C．other D．profound 53．A．in reflection B．in reality C．in addition D．in a way 54．A．on purpose B．by any chance C．by accident D．on principle 55．A．Despite B．With C．For all D．Without 56．A．bored B．pointless C．undeserved D．meaningful 57．A．good B．different C．bad D．pleasant 58．A．betrays B．loves C．appreciates D．understands 59．A．in turn B．moderately C．unconditionally D．in a way 60．A．mouth B．mind C．heart D．emotion 61．A．Comprehend B．Appreciate C．Expect D．Evaluate 62．A．every B．each C．proper D．exact 63．A．ambition B．hatred C．belief D．regrets 64．A．in the future B．in stock C．in store D．in pursuit Section BDirections: Read the following three passages．Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements．For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D．Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read．（A）The rise of multinational corporations （跨国公司）, global marketing, new communications technologies, and shrinking cultural differences have led to an unparalleled increase in global public relations or PR．Surprisingly, since modern PR was largely an American invention, America’s relations is being threatened by PR efforts in other countries．Ten years ago, for example, the world’s top five public relations agencies were American-owned．In 1991, only one was．The British in particular are becoming more sophisticated and creative．A recent survey found that more than half of all British companies include PR as part of their corporate （公司的）planning activities, compared to about one-third of U．S．companies．It may not be long before London replaces New York as the capital of PR．Why is America lagging behind in the global PR race? First, Americans as a whole tend to be fairly provincial and take more of an interest in local affairs．Knowledge of world geography, for example, has never been strong in this country．Secondly, Americans lag behind their European and Asian counterparts （相对应的人）in knowing a second language．Less than 5 percent of Burson—Marshall’s U．S．employees know two languages．Ogilvy and Mather have about the same percentage．Conversely, some European firms have half or more of their employees fluent in a second language．Finally, people involved in PR abroad tend to keep a closer eye on international affairs．In the financial PR area, for instance, most Americans read the Wall Street Journal．Overseas, their counterparts read the Journal as well as the Financial Times of London and The Economist, publications not often read in this country．Perhaps the PR industry might take a lesson from Ted Turner of CNN （Cable News Network）．Turner recently announced that the word ―foreign‖ would no longer be used on CNN news broadcasts．According to Turner, global communications have made the nations of the world so interdependent that there is no longer any such thing as foreign．65．Compared with the American PR personnel, what is/are an advantage（s）of the non-Americans involved in PR?A．They tend to be more internationally mindedB．They speak more and better foreign languages．C．They usually pay more attention to global financial situation．D．Both A and B．66．What is the immediate cause of the downfall of America’s public relations?A．The number of US public relations agencies had greatly decreased by 1991．B．Other countries have increased their efforts in public relations．C．On the global scale, cultural differences have significantly shrunk．D．The British companies are becoming especially sophisticated and creative in public relations．67．It could be inferred that the author of the passage is______．A．an American B．a BritonC．Ted Turner D．an Asian68．The underlined word ―provincial‖ in paragraph 3 could possibly mean ―‖．A．strict in thinking B．like people from rural areasC．limited in outlook D．interested in geographical knowledge（B）There seems never to have been a civilization without toys, but when and how they developed is unknown．They probably came about just to give children something to do．In the ancient world, as is today, most boys played with some kinds of toys and most girls with another．In societies where social roles are rigidly determined, boys pattern their play after the activities of their fathers and girls after the tasks of their mothers．This is true because boys and girls are being prepared, even in play, to step into the roles and responsibilities of the adult world．What is remarkable about the history of toys is not so much how they changed over the centuries but how much they have remained the same．The changes have been mostly in terms of craftsmanship, mechanics, and technology．It is the universality of toys with regard to their development in all parts of the world and their persistence to the present that is amazing．In Egypt, the Americas, China, Japan and among the Arctic （北极的）peoples, generally the same kinds of toys appeared．V ariations depended on local customs and ways of life because toys imitate their surroundings．Nearly every civilization had dolls, little weapons, toy soldiers, tiny animals and vehicles．Because toys can be generally regarded as a kind of art form, they have not been subject to technological leaps that characterize inventions for adult use．The progress from the wheel to the oxcart to the automobile is a direct line of ascent （进步）．The progress from a rattle used by a baby in 3,000 BC to one used by an infant today, however, is not characterized by inventiveness．Each rattle is the product of the artistic tastes of the times and subject to the limitations of available materials．69．Which is a major factor leading to the different variations of toys?A．Scientific advances and technological progressB．Different local customs and lifestyles of different peoplesC．Craftsmanship, mechanics, and technologyD．The artistic tastes of the times and the limitations of available materials70．Why do boys and girls play with different kinds of toys?A．Because they are intended for different social roles and responsibilities．B．Because boys like to invent and girls imitate．C．Because boys play with their fathers while girls their mothers．D．Because they will take up different jobs when they grow up．71．One amazing aspect about the ―universality of toys‖ is______．A．They appeared all over the world almost at the same time in history．B．They have not changed except in craftsmanship, mechanics, and technology．C．Having existed for thousands of years, toys are still found all over the world today．D．They are a kind of art form, which has been promoted by inventiveness．（C）The popular college rankings focus primarily on prestige as measured by the SAT scores of incoming students and how many applicants are turned away．An initiative（措施）started last fall by the Obama administration could help families go beyond these limited, and far too easily exploited, indexes to learn quickly and easily how a college is compared with its competitors nationally on important criteria like graduation rates, what a degree actually costs and how much debt a student can expect to run up by graduation day．If the federal government makes it legally necessary to disclose this information in a clear and consistent（一贯的）way, as it should, families will be better able to make informed college choices．And this will help put pressure on colleges that perform poorly to improve．Critics may regard this initiative as an example of government overreach．But given that the federal government spends nearly $190 billion a year on higher education aid to students, it has a legitimate interest in making sure that the money flows to the schools that best meet their responsibilities to families and students．Congress has taken some steps to require greater transparency（透明）from colleges．The 1990 Student Right to Know Act, for example, required colleges and universities that receive federal aid to disclose graduation rates．And the 2008 Higher Education Opportunity Act required schools to offer a way for consumers to determine actual costs after student aid is taken into account．But many colleges have done a poor job of obeying federal disclosure rules, and much of the available information is not in one place．The administration’s new efforts woul d enforce reporting requirements and provide some new tools．President Obama wants to expand campus-based aid to about $10 billion from the current $2．7 billion．He has proposed moving money away from colleges that fail to control tuition increases or provide good value to others that do a better job．That is a worthy idea in principle, but he will need strong data-based evidence to determine how colleges are doing．The transparency initiatives are a good place to start and should be embraced by both parties in Congress．If students and families, facing higher tuition and rising debt, are to make sound choices, they need more and better information．72．Why did the Obama administration start the initiative last fall?A．To require colleges to make their graduation rates known to the public．B．To help colleges perform better in the future．C．To help parents and students make better choices of colleges．D．To put more pressure on colleges that are not doing well enough．73．Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?A．Critics agree that the government should require colleges to obey the disclosure rules．B．Congress has approved and made the transparency initiatives a law．C．SAT scores alone do not determine one’s choice of college．D．Students and families find it very difficult to choose their ideal colleges now．74．A most suitable title for the passage could be______．A．Congress To Require Greater TransparencyB．What College Parents and Students Need to KnowC．What a Good College Is Measured ByD．Parents and Students Need to Make Wise Choices75．What attitude does the author hold towards the transparency initiative?A．supportive B．criticalC．indifferent D．not statedSection CDirections: Read the following text and choose the most suitable heading from A-F for each paragraph．There is one extra heading which you do not need．76．__________Lin（Jeremy Shu-How Lin）got to start for the Knicks because they had to start him．They had too many injuries．Baron Davis was gone．The other point guards were out．Carmelo Anthony was injured．Amare Stoudemire had to leave the team because ofa family death．Lin could have squandered the opportunity and we would have never havenoticed．But he made the most of it．You never know when opportunities are going to arise in life．Often, they’re wh en you least expect them．Make the most of them．Don’t waster them．77．__________Lin isn’t Michael Jordan or Kobe Bryant．He’s not a pure scorer．He’s a passer and distributor –who can also score very well．It didn’t work for him in Golden State or Houston – where he was before landing at the Knicks．But Mike D’Antoni’s system at the Knicks has been perfect for him to show off his strengths．You’ve got to do your best to understand what your strengths are and then ensure that you’re in a system （a job or organization or industry）that is a good fit for those strengths．Otherwise, people overlook the talents you bring to the table．78．__________You probably manage people at your own company today．Are you sure you don’t have a Jeremy Lin living among you now? How do you know that ―Mike‖ couldn’t do amazing things if you gave him a new project to run with? How do you know ―Sarah‖ isn’t the right person to take the open job in London that you’ve been talking over with your colleagues?We put people around us in boxes．He’s from Harvard．He’s Asian-American．Not sure he can play．How many assumptions have you made about talent around you? Don’t be like the General Managers in Golden State and Houston, and let talent slip through your fingers．With all their money, scouts（球探）, and testing, they didn’t have a clue what they had in their hands．Do you know what your people （or even yourself）are really capable of? Take off the blinders of assumptions you wear when you look at the world．79．__________If you one day are lucky enough to have newspapers want to put you on the cover in order to sell more, don’t let it get to your head．It’s been remarkable watching how humble Lin remains through all this media craze．It makes his teammates and fans love him that much more．80．__________Lin couldn’t have seized his opportunity if he hadn’t worked like crazy for years perfecting his skills．There are no short cuts to hard work．Success is a by product of that．If you’ve got a Tiger Mom who’s always pushed you to work hard, great．If not, let yourconscience be your own Tiger Mom! Get up early, stay up late．Nobody gave Lin any free passes．Why should you get any? You can only control what you control and that means you’ve got to work harder than anyone else you know．Section DDirections: Read the passage carefully．Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words．Hidden deep in our subconscious is an idyllic（牧歌般的，田园诗式的）vision．We see ourselves on a long trip that spans the continent．We are traveling by train．Out the windows, we drink in the passing scene of cars on nearby highways, of children waving at a crossing, of cattle grazing on a distant hillside, of smoke pouring from a power plant, of row upon row of corn and wheat, of flatlands and valleys, of mountains and rolling hillsides, of city skylines and village halls．But uppermost in our minds is the final destination．On a certain day at a certain hour, we will pull into the station．Bands will be playing and flags waving．Once we get there, so many wonderful dreams will come true and the pieces of our lives will fit together like a completed jigsaw puzzle．How restlessly we pace the aisles, damning the minutes for hanging around—waiting, waiting, waiting for the station．―When we reach the station, that will be it!‖ we cry．―When I’m 18．‖; ―When I buy a new 450SL Mercedes Benz!‖; ―When I put the last kid through college．‖; ―When I paid off the mortgage!‖; ―When I get a promotion．‖; ―When I reach the age of retirement, I shall live happily ever after!‖ Sooner or later, we must realize there is no station, no one place to arrive at once and for all．The true joy of life is the trip．The station is only a dream．It constantly outdistances us．―Relish（享受）the moment‖ is a good motto, especially when coupled with Psalm 180: 24: ―This is the day which the Lord hath made; we will rejoice and be glad in it．‖ It isn’t the burdens of today that drive men mad, it is the regrets over yesterday and fear of tomorrow．Regret and fear are twin thieves who rob us of today．So stop pacing the aisles and counting the miles．Instead, climb more mountains, eat more ice cream, go barefoot more often, swim more rivers, watch more sunsets, laugh more, cry less．Life must be lived as we go along．The station will come soon enough．（Note: Answer the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN TWELVE WORDS．）81．What does the author of this passage compare life to?______________________________________________________________________________．82．Hidden in the uppermost part of our minds is_______________________________________．83．Life is made dull and boring by________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________．84．According to the author, what is the true meaning of life?______________________________________________________________________________．第Ⅱ卷（共45分）I．TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets．1．她把毕生奉献于教育。

2012届上海市高三二模英语试卷——十选九（崇明）41 naturalists are born and not made. Although we were all brought up in the same way, my brothers and sisters soon 42 their pressed flowers and insects. Unlike them, I had no 43 for music and languages. I was not an early reader and I could not do mental arithmetic.Before World War I, we spent our summer holidays in Hungary. I have only the 44 memory of the house we lived in, of my room and my toys. Nor do I recall clearly the large family of grandparents, aunts, uncles and cousins who gathered next door. But I do have a clear memory of the dogs, the farm animals, the local birds, and above all, the insects.I am a naturalist, not a scientist. I have a strong love for the natural world and my enthusiasm had led me into various investigations. I love discussing my favorite topics and enjoy burning the midnight oil reading about other people's observations and discoveries. Then something happens —that brings these observations together in my 45 mind. Suddenly you fancy you see the answer to the 46 , because it all seems to fit together. This has resulted in my publishing 300 papers and books, which some might honor with the 47 of scientific research.But curiosity, a keen eye, a good memory and enjoyment of the animal and plant world do not make a scientist: one of the outstanding and essential qualities 48 is self-discipline, a quality I lack. A scientist, up to point, can be made. A naturalist is 49 . If you can combine the two, you get the best of both worlds.41. J 42. D 43. B 44. E 45. F 46. G 47. H 48. A 49. I（奉贤）Money is the root of all evil–and new study claims there may be some truth behind the saying. Scientists at the University of California, Berkeley, US, 41 on February 27 that rich people are more likely to do 42 things, such as lie or cheat, than poorer people.The scientists did a series of eight experiments. They 43 their findings online in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS).They carried out the first two experiments from the sidewalk near Berkeley. They noted that drivers of newer and more expensive cars were more likely to cut off other cars and pedestrians at crosswalks. Nearly 45 percent of people driving expensive cars 44 a pedestrian compared with only 30 percent of people driving more 45 cars.In another experiment, a group of college students was asked if they would do unethical(不道德的) things in various everyday situations and 46 included taking printer paper from work and not telling a salesperson when he or she gave back more 47 . Students from higher-class families were more likely to act dishonestly.According to the scientists, rich people often think money can get them out of trouble. This makes them less afraid to take risks. It also means they care less about other people’s feelings.Finally, it 48 makes them greedier. ―Higher wealth status seems to make you want evenmore, and that increased want leads you to bend the rules or break the rules to serve your self-interest,‖ said Paul Piff, lead scientist of the study.Piff pointed out that the findings don’t mean that all rich people are untrustworthy or all poor people honest. He said the experiments were to show how people living in different social situations express their 49 and values in different ways.41—45 JCEAD 46—49 FHIG（虹口）The net plays another, more active, role on the linguistic（语言学的）front, a role that is 41overlooked by many people who believe English victory is on the go. Since the advent (来临) of World Wide Web, many minority 42，those spoken by single nations or ethnic groups, have enjoyed a dramatic upsurge(急剧上升)in vitality. Many such tongues were 43 endangered just a decade ago. Late-century mobility and economic currents were taking more and more speakers out of their communities and away from fellow speakers. Languages were 44 at an alarming rate.Like biological extinction, linguistic extinction is a serious loss for all of humankind. Languages are some of the 45ways people maintain their culture and are crucial to understanding other cultures. When fewer and fewer people share a 46language, it may die, and when it does, part of our collective human culture dies with it．Surprisingly, though, the Internet has become a valuable tool for 47 endangered languages. Speakers of these languages not only have been particularly active in putting up web pages in their various languages, but also in mounting(配置) 48effective, large-scale dictionary and language-learning projects online. There is no reason why minority languages cannot live together with a common social language like English. Indeed, the Internet offers more hope for their 49 than they have ever known before, especially as translation tools become more effective.41-49: IDAJE CGHF（黄浦、嘉定）Like many other young people, Lin Chi-ying (Vicky) and Chiang Chiu-ping (Pinky) dreamed of traveling the world. What makes them special is that they actually did it; what’s more, they did it on bicycles.At 18, Vicky read the famous Cycling Diary of Hu Rong-hua and was __41__ to take a bike tour of southern China by herself. In 1991, while riding along the island’s east coast, she met a Japanese __42__, who invited her to join him on a world cycling tour.In July 1998, they began their trip in Alaska. Vicky soon realized, however, that their travel philosophies were quite different. Her partner seemed intent on testing his endurance, while shepreferred __43__ the fantastic scenery and meeting the locals. They parted after a month. Vicky cycled alone through the Rocky Mountains down to the western United States. By this time, her __44__ efforts to persuade her college friend, Pinky, to join her had succeeded.Once, in California, Vicky and Pinky were unable to find any cheap __45__, so they camped in a park. They were woken up by __46__ police officers, who told them camping there was illegal. In cities, they would __47__ through colleges and libraries, ―in need of air-conditioning,‖ Pinky joked.Vicky and Pinky praise friends back in China who supported them __48__, as well as people who assisted them along the way. They have fond __49__ of the wonderful friendliness of the people in a Turkish village, where Vicky and Pinky farmed, cooked, and danced with the locals. 41—45 HFCEB 46—49 DJGI（静安、杨浦、宝山、青浦）A. pursuingB. conditionsC. protectD. remoteE. debateF. illegalG. contestedH. aimingI. seriesJ. decidedORGAN PIPE CACTUS NATIONAL MONUMENT, Ariz. ——On a hot desert morning last week, a group of 20 tourists gathered in the visitor center in Arizona’s Organ Pipe Cactus National Monument to attend a mandatory safety briefing (简报会) before taking a guarded van tour to Quitobaquito Springs. The Springs is part of the 69 percent of the __41__border park west of Tucson that has been closed to the public since Kris Eggle was shot and killed while __42__drug runners armed with AK-47s in 2002.Organ Pipe was named ―the most dangerous national park‖ that year and also in 2003 by the U.S. Park Rangers Lodge of the Fraternal Order of Police, before the group discontinued the__43__. The sharp increase of drug activity on Arizona’s southern border si nce the 1990s has turned Organ Pipe rangers into Border Patrol agents, and encouraged state lawmakers to pass several laws cracking down on (严厉打击) __44__immigrants within the state.Since 2009, the park has offered van tours to the Springs, as long as rangers armed with rifles go along to __45__the visitors. Now, ten years after Eggle’s murder, the park’s leadership has __46__to open up a portion of the closed areas to the public in March, citing improved safety __47__and a big increase in Border Patrol agents in the area.In the run-up to Tuesday's Republican presidential primary in Arizona, immigration has once again been a hotly __48__topic in the state: Mitt Romney in a __49__last week praised Arizona’s immigration laws as a ―model‖ for the country, while President Obama’s Justice Department is appealing Arizona to turn over one of those laws, called SB1070.41—49 DAIFC JBGE（闵行）Historically, the traditional role of women of all classes in Britain had been confined (限制) to that of mother in the home. Single and childless women 41 had an uncomfortable anddifficult time. The majority of women had no voting or political rights until 1928, and for centuries wives and their property had been the legal 42 of their husbands. Formal education for women was thought to be unnecessary for their role in life, and was 43for the majority.The female position in society became a little better in some respects towards the end of the nineteenth century, but was still very 44 . However, elementary education for all was established and a few institutions of higher education began to 45 women in restricted numbers.Since the 1960’s, women in Britain have been fighting for greater equality with men in job 46 and rates of pay. Various laws from the 1970’s to the present have been made. In spite of all these, men remain better paid than women in many occupations, 47 in industry. Women constitute (构成) nearly half the national workforce, there are more employed married women in Britain than in any other European Community country, and some 60 percent of wives are now 48 compared with 22 percent in 1951. But their average weekly wage is still only 70 percent of the average paid to men. This is true of both the manufacturing trades and the service industries. As a result, the majority of female workers are badly paid and often 49 by the trade unions or the law.41. I 42. B 43. H 44. G 45. E 46. J 47. D 48. A 49. CMore recent research has shown that many kinds of amphibians(两栖动物) are declining or have become extinct. Amphibians are animals, such as frogs, that live partly in water and partly on land. And they have been around for over 350 million years. They have 41 three mass extinctions, including the extinction of the dinosaurs. Why are they dying out now?The most serious aspect of amphibian loss, however, goes beyond the amphibians themselves. Scientists are beginning to think about what amphibian 42 means for the planet as a whole. If the earth is becoming unlivable for amphibians, is it also becoming unlivable for other kinds of animals and human beings as well?Scientists now believe that amphibian decline is due to several environmental factors. One of these factors is the 43 of habitat, the natural area where an animal lives. Amphibians are very 44 to changes in their habitat. If they cannot find the right conditions, they will not lay their eggs. These days, as wild areas are covered with houses, roads, farms, or factories, many kinds of amphibians are no longer laying eggs.There are a number of other factors in amphibian decline. Pollution is one of them. In many industrial areas, air pollution has 45 the rain, which then falls on ponds and kills the frogs that live there. In farming areas, the heavy use of 46 on crops has also killed off amphibians. Another factor is that air pollution has led to 47 levels of ultraviolet （UV）light. This endangers amphibians, which seem to be 48 sensitive to UV light.All these reasons for the disappearance of amphibians are also good reasons for more general 49 . These factors affect human beings, too.41--49. CHBJA FDEGdust from outer space.Earth changes between ice ages and warm periods in a(n) __41__ that includes several cycles, including a __42__ one that lasts 100,000 years. Scientists __43__suggested this cycle might be due to changes in the inflow of cosmic(宇宙) dust.The idea is that Earth __44__above and below the imaginary planet that runs through the sun and Jupiter(木星), completing a cycle every 100,000 years. So maybe it encounters __45__varying amounts of dust during each cycle that produce the climate trend.Now there is some __46__, from ancient cosmic dust recovered in ocean-floor drilling near the Azores islands west of Portugal. The large quantity of the dust rises and falls with a wonderful 100,000 year cycle during the period analyzed, 253,000 years to 458,000 years ago. Periods of more dust are related to__47__ climates.But that is a long way from showing that the dust __48__ climate. Some scientists argue that it is not clear how cosmic dust would make the climate warmer while dust from volcanoes is known to make it cooler. They say the cosmic dust is so thin that it is hard to see how it could have any climate__49__.Nevertheless, the new study shows scientists have to take the cosmic dust idea seriously.41--49 CHAEG JFBI(徐汇)A.occurredB. extendedC. tragedyD. finedE. ignoreF. concernsG. suspensionH. inevitablyI. illegalJ. must-haveThe launch of Apple's iPhone 4s tempted thousands of buyers to its two outlets in Beijing on the cold winter night of Jan 12th. But the size of the crowds brought a sudden __(41)__ of sales of the iPhone 4s on the morning of Jan 13th and one store in Beijing didn't open at all, because the growing crowd of eager Apple followers created safety __(42)__.This is not the first time Apple's marketing strategy(策略) has caused such trouble among the buying public, for similar trouble __(43)__ in January last year when the first release launch of the iPhone 4 was made.Apple's clever marketing has made the company's products __(44)__ lifestyle accessories(附件) for many, but this strategy will __(45)__ result in mass rushes and disturbances and if it continues with this marketing strategy, it is only a matter of time before one of its product launches ends in __(46)__.Intentionally fuelling demand by limiting a product release to create a state of panic among consumers, who fear they may not get their hands on their objects of desire, is not only immoral but also__(47)__.Apple should take the lessons from the experience of Unilever(联合利华). The giant consumer goods company was __(48)__ 2 million yuan in May 2011 by the Chinese government for repeatedly spreading rumors (谣言) of price rises.Apple has the ability to make it easier for consumers to order new products online or by telephone. Apple cannot afford to __(49)__ the Chinese market, so it has no excuse for not changing its strategy so as to avoid such incidents in the future.Section B 41. G 42. F 43. A 44. J 45. H 46. C 47. I 48. D 49. E（杨浦1.5）according to an Australian study published in an academic journal.The study of 3,000 adolescents aged 11 to 18 found that those who had poor diets filled with junk and 41 foods were more likely to suffer mental health problems such as depression and 42 .The participants filled in questionnaires about their diets and psychological symptoms in 2005 and again in 2007. The study found that teenagers who ate healthy diets had fewer mental health problems than those with poor diets.The study also found that improvements in diet quality were 43 by improvements in mental health, while worsening diet quality was 44 with poorer psychological 45 .Jacka said the finding suggested it could be possible to stop some mental health problems46 in adolescents by ensuring they ate healthy diets."Having good nutrition-rich foods is really important for adolescents because it's a time when they are growing rapidly and it's essential they have 47 nutrition," Jacka said.Studies show one in five Australian adolescents has some forms of mental health problems, caused by genes and 48 factors such as stressful events in early childhood.Jacka said parents could protect children against mental health problems by eating two serves of fruit and five serves of vegetables a day, as well as 49 to wholegrain food and lean meats while avoiding junk food.Vocabulary 41-49 DIAGEFBHC（闸北）until one day she filled out a simple form online. Before she knew it, she 41 her secret to beating the recession(不景气), and being able to 42 for her family while at home with her two children.I read Natasha's blog last month and decided to 43 her story in our local business report. In our phone interview, she told me her 44 story. "I actually make about $5,000-$7,000 a month using the internet. It is enough to comfortably replace my old income, especially 45 I only work about 10-15 hours a week from home."Working online has been a financial windfall for Natasha, who struggled for months to find a decent business during the 46 economy, ―I lost my job shortly after the recession hit, Ineeded reliable 47 , I was not interested in the 'get rich quick' scams you see all over the internet. Those are all pyramid scams or stuff where you have to sell to your friends and family. I just needed a legitimate way to earn a living for me and my family. The best part of working ___48___ is that I am always home with the kids, I save a lot of money.‖I asked her about how she started her remarkable 49 . "It's really simple, I am not a computer whiz, but I can use the internet. I just use the tools given to me, I don't even have to sell anything and nobody has to buy anything. They are constantly recruiting people, you should try it."41. E 42.B 43. A 44. I 45. G 46. H 47.J 48. D 49. C（长宁）From the golden-tipped fields of mid-west America to the ancient kingdoms of green Palestine, there is a happy truth to be shared with all who would pay attention. In more recent times, this truth has been expressed as: April showers bring May flowers. This is a truth that ____41____ light bursting from darkness, strength born from weakness and if one dares to believe, life ____42____from death.Farmers all over the world know the importance of the seasons. They know that there is a season to plant and a season to harvest. Everything must be in its own time. Although the rain pours down without stop, ___43___all outdoor activities, the man of the field lifts his face to the heavens and smiles. Despite the ___44___, he knows that the rain provides the nourishment his crops need to grow and flourish. The showers in April give rise to the glorious flowers in May.But this ancient truth ___45___ to more than the crops of the fields. It is a(n) ___46___ message of hope to all who experience ___47___ in life. A dashed relationship with one can open up the door to a brand new friendship with another. A lost job here can provide the ___48___ for a better job there. A broken dream can become the foundation of a wonderful future. Everything has its place.Remember this: overwhelming darkness may ___49___ for a night, but it will never overcome all the radiant light of the morning. When you are in a season of sorrow, hang in there, because a season of joy may be just around the corner.41-49 HJBICEAFD。

上海市十校2012届高三上学期期末联考英语试卷（2011，12）参加学校：南模、复兴、上外、复旦附中、延安、华师大二附中、上海曙光、上师大附中、交大附中、向明第I 卷（共105分）I. Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. At 19:15 B. At 19: 20 C. At 19:30 D. At 20:052. A. $ 1,850 B. $1,900 C. $1,950 D. $2,0003. A. The man’s daughter B. The man’s sonC. The man’s wifeD. The man himself4. A. Seeing a movie B. Lining for ticketsC. Finding a caféD. Having a drink5. A. Joe survived the car accident. B. Joe was badly hurt in the accident.C. Joe’s car was slightly damaged.D. Joe’s car was knocked by others.6. A. The title is eye-catching B. The book is boring.C. The title is misleadingD. The book is wonderful.7. A. She did better in the driving test. B. She easily gets nervous.C. She was afraid of taking exams.D. She didn’t practise much.8. A. He has a correct attitude towards the exam. B. He often fails school examsC. He surprised the man by failing the exam.D. He doesn’t want to finish high school.9. A. He made an appointment for the woman.B. He went to the dentist’s last week.C. The woman forgot to make an appointment.D. The woman should have gone to the dentist earlier.10. A. She doesn’t like the topic.B. He made fewer mistakes this time.C. There’re too many spelling mistakes.D. The report doesn’t keep to the point.Section BDirections In section B, you will hear two short passages, and you will be asked three questions on each of the passages. The passages will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage11. A. To hide his cow behind a tree. B. To look for someone to help him.C. To find the strongest man in the town.D. To help some people of his own town.12. A. He knew there was money under the stone. B. The old man promised to reward him.C. He feared others in the town might fall on it.D. No one else was strong enough to move it.13. A. A person who is ready to help deserves help.B. One should catch every good chance.C. Those weak and poor people deserve help.D. He laughs best who laughs last.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following speech14. A. She could never overcome difficulties. B. She had problems with other children.C. She had trouble communicating with others.D. She suffered from severe learning disability.15. A. A person whose experience can inspire others B. A person with a remarkable memoryC. A person who has a better understandingD. A person with special education16. A. Always listen to doctor’s advice. B. Never give up in face of difficulties.C. Always get encouragement from others.D. Never compare yourself with others. Section CDirections In section C, you will hear two longer conversations. Each conversation will be read twice. After you hear the conversation, you are required to fill in the numbered blanks with the information you have heard. Write your answers on your answer sheet.Blanks 17 through 20 are based on the following conversationBooking a TicketThe name of the opera ____17____ KingThe day of the performance Next ____18____ evening.The number of the tickets ____ 19_____The amount of money to pay ____ 20_____Complete the form. Write ONE WORD for each answer.Blanks 21 through 24 are based on the following conversationWhat does the man complain about? The quality of ____21____What is the problem? The ___22___ always gets black.Where is the repair centre? On the 7th Floor, ____23____What will the company do if there is someTo let the customer have it refunded or ____24____ problem concerning the quality?Complete the form. Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer.II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections Beneath each of the following sentences there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one answer that best completes the sentence.25. The operating profits of the company in the third quarter rose by 24 percent 225 million pounds 182 million pounds a year ago.A. from…toB. for…toC. to…fromD. to…for26. To our surprise, Ajisen Ramen’s Japanese ramen noodle soup was made using cheap powders and instant seasonings boiling pig bones for hours, as its advertisements suggests.A. more thanB. rather thanC. other thanD. better than27. Pollution will remain a global problem for a long time much has been done to solve it.A. sinceB. howeverC. thoughD. if28. Although he majored in art and literature in college, he had little interest in subject.A. everyB. eitherC. bothD. neither29. I think this exercise as well as the other three ones .A. is worth to doB. are worth to doC. is worth doingD. are worth doing30. solve the medical care for the low-income earners and the unemployed.A. Only by joint efforts can weB. By only joint efforts we canC. Only by joint efforts we canD. Only we can joint effort31. ---I don’t mind telling you what I know.---You . I’m not asking you for it.A. mustn’tB. may notC. can’tD. needn’t32. I think that something has to be done to stop the air from being polluted, ?A. doesn’t itB. hasn’t itC. don’t theyD. haven’t they33. Come and visit our school at the end of this year, by which time my academic thesis.A. I will finishB. had finishedC. have finishedD. I will have finished34. ---You haven’t been to Shanghai, have you?--- . And how I wish to go there again!A. Yes, I haveB. Yes, I haven’tC. No, I haveD. No, I haven’t35. I like drawing, while what my brother enjoys .A. cookingB. to cookC. is cookingD. cook36. Nearly all trees have seeds that fall to the ground , , and eventually produce new seeds.A. taking rootB. take rootC. took rootD. to take root37. The wrong you’ve done him is terrible, for you should make an apology to him, I think.A. itB. whichC. whatD. that38. In order for everyone , serious changes need to be made in global development.A. to surviveB. survivedC. survivingD. survive39. from other continents for millions of years, Australia has many plants and animals not found in any other country in the world.A. Being separatedB. Having separatedC. Having been separatedD. To be separated40. Maybe the fact he is two inches shorter than her is the reason she don’t want to marry him.A. that, whyB. which, thatC. because, whyD. that, whichSection BDirections Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.A. heavilyB. surgeryC. drivenD. regulate AB. applyAC. loosened AD. treatment BC. influence BD. potential CD. launchedChinese medical experts have warned that antibiotics (抗生素) are “ 41 overused” in hospitals, which may cause serious side-effects for the health of an entire generation.According to the ministry, 70 percent of Chinese inpatients have received antibiotics, while the maximum number set by the World Health Organization is 30 percent. About 97 percent of 42__ patients used antibiotics but research showed that a large number of them could avoid the need if hospitals conducted proper sanitation measures.Particularly, antibiotics are overused in the 43 of children. Nearly one third of the daily 10,000 outpatients at the Beijing Children’s Hospital take intravenous（进入静脉的）drips that largely contain antibiotics, said Yang Yonghong, a doctor with the hospital.“Some doctors might lack proper training on how to 44 antibiotics in a more precise way and avoid 45 risks. Some simply want to play it safe,” said Zhu Zhenggang, president of Shanghai-based Ruijin Hospital.The ministry 46 a nationwide campaign over the past six months to 47 the use of antibiotics. Vice Health Minister Ma Xiaowei admitted that the government faces great challenges as many public hospitals have 48 supervision on prescription safety under heavy pressure from patients.Insiders also noted that the overuse of antibiotics was partly 49 by profit-seeking pharmacy firms. There are more than 6,000 pharmacy companies in China that produce more than 1,000 kinds of antibiotics.About 60 percent of the newly approved medicines by the State Food and Drug Administration last year were antibiotics. According to the SFDA, the country reported 690,000 cases of adverse drug reactions caused by abuse of medicine, including 600 deaths in 2010.III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections For each blank in the following passages there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.I’ve been teaching piano lessons in my spare time for over 30 years. Even though I have never had the 50 of having a prodigy（天才）, I have taught some very 51 students.Howe ver, I have also had my share of what I call ‘musically 52 ’pupils—one such pupil being Robby, an 11 year old boy, who told me that it had always been his mother’s (a single mom) __53__to hear him play the piano. So I took him as a student.From the beginning Robby seemed to 54 the natural capability needed to excel. But he dutifully reviewed the elementary piano pieces that I 55 all my students to learn. Over the months he tried and tried 56 I listened and tried to encourage him.Then one day Robby stopped coming for his lessons. And I was glad about that. After all, he was abad 57 for my teaching!Then came the recital（演奏会）. To my 58 , Robby, having received a flyer, asked to be in it. He told me that his mother had been sick and unable to take him to his piano lessons, but that he had been 59 . “Please Miss Honor, I’ve just got to play.” he insisted. I don’t know what led me to allow him to play in the recital—perhaps it was his 60 or maybe something inside of me saying that it would be all right.On the night of the performance, I put Robby 61 in the program, just before I was to come up and thank all the students and play a finishing piece. I thought that any 62 he might do would come at the end of the program and I could always salvage（挽救）his 63 performance through my ‘curtain closer’.It turned out that Robby played wonderfully.… … …That night I became a prodigy…of Robby. He was the teacher and I the pupil, for he had taught me the meaning of 64 and love and believing in yourself, and maybe even taking a chance on someone and you didn’t know why.50. A. fortunate B. possibility C. pleasure D. likelihood51. A. talented B. aggressive C. stupid D. demanding52. A. challenged B. gifted C. bothered D. rewarded53. A. request B. order C. dream D. task54. A. take an interest in B. have commanded C. be aware of D. lack55. A. hope B. require C. order D. demand56. A. however B. when C. otherwise D. while57. A. influence B. threat C. advertisement D. danger58. A. expectation B. wish C. surprise D. gladness59. A. worried B. practising C. upset D. studying60. A. insistence B. poverty C. enthusiasm D. stubbornness61. A. first B. second C. last D. on top62. A. mistake B. failure C. destruction D. damage63. A. poor B. wonderful C. terrific D. unexpected64. A. dream B. perseverance C. encouragement D. guiltSection BDirections Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.（A）One day, when Anna was about to walk into her office, the headmaster, Mr. Henry stopped her. “Now,” he said, “I want you to tell me the truth, my dear.”“Naturally,” said Anna shortly, fearing that something terrible had happened.“I have had a most serious accusation（控告）made against you by Mrs. Bond.”“Mrs. Bond?” said Anna, not understanding. Janet Bond was a quiet, little mouse of a child. As far as Anna could remember she had never had cause to speak an angry word to the girl.“Mrs. Bond,” went on Mr. Henry, “tells me that you scolded her daughter yesterday afternoon.”“Scolded?” cried Anna. “I don’t scold. At least not in school,” she added honestly.“Mrs. Bond’s story is that Janet was a little late back to school in the afternoon. She said that the chi ld had to spend some time in the bathroom, which meant she set out from home a little late.”“Just a minute,” said Anna, beginning to understand. “She did come late, very late. I had marked her absent, of course. Then she wandered in, when we’d started our paper--cutting, and I believe I said she was a nuisance（讨厌的人）. She didn’t appear to hear, and was certainly quite cheerful.”“Ah, a nuisance.” Mr. Henry jumped on the word. “You’re sure you only said a nuisance.”“I may not even have said that,” Anna replied. “It was no more than slight displeasure that I felt and I certainly didn’t scold.”“Mrs. Bond said that you called her child a blasted（该死的）nuisance. Is that true?”“Indeed it isn’t,” said Anna, “The child or the mother has made it up!”Mr. Henry was s atisfied with Anna’s explanation.“Just as I thought, my dear, but of course I had to make sure.”65. When Mr. Henry stopped Anna, he______.A. made her feel worried at firstB. thought she had done something wrongC. had made up his mind to scold herD. wanted to tell her a true story66. Mr. Henry thought that______.A. Janet had scolded AnnaB. Anna had scolded JanetC. Anna would not tell the truthD. Mrs. Bond had not told the truth67. To call a child a nuisance is______.A. not considered serious by the teacherB. considered a serious accusationC. obviously upsetting for the childD. a sign of great anger68. Mr. Henry considered Anna a______teacher.A. carelessB. cruelC. badD. trustworthy（B）Where to find authentic Yangcheng Lake hairy crab●Yi Feng CourtFairmont Yangcheng LakeAt the hotel on the scenic shore, you can savor the crab and enjoy the lake view. The chef presents a mouth-watering crab feast menu.Address: 3668 West Ma’anshan Rd, Kunshan City, Jiangsu Province●Sui Y uan, Doubletree by HiltonHuaqiao/KunshanChef Alan Liu presents hairy crab in a classical Shanghai style. You can either eat the crab in the restaurant or order and take out. We recommend the crab meat xiaolongbao with juice and creamy crab roe.Tel: 3921-5700 ext 6266Address: 2 Zhaofeng Rd, Huaqiao CBD, Kunshan City, Jiangsu Province●Ye ShanghaiThis restaurant specializes in Shanghainese cuisine. In addition to steamed hairy crab with rich and firm meat, diners can try creative crab dishes, including refreshing crab meat with winter melon broth, and sautéed crab meat with sesame flavored pastry.Tel: 6311-2323Address: 338 Huangpi Rd, Shanghai●Yi Long CourtThe Peninsula ShanghaiChef Tao Guojian launched the s eason’s new hairy crab feast menu. He balanced the crab flavor with other fresh ingredients, such as mushrooms, greens and beef.Tel: 2327-6742Address: 32 Zhongshan Rd E1, Shanghai●Wei Jing Ge, Waldorf AstoriaShanghai on the BundThe restaurant equips diners with traditional crab implements, including scissors and forceps and serves seasonal chrysanthemum tea. This lets you experience how Chinese scholars enjoyed crab in ancient times. We recommend soup noodle topped with crab roe.Tel: 6322-9988Address: 2 Zhongshan Rd E1, Shanghai69. Which column can this passage appear?A. ServicesB. FeatureC. BusinessD. Sports70. If you want to invite your guests to enjoy the delicious crab in your own house, you can call _____.A. 6311-2323B. 3921-5700C. 6322-9988D. 2327-674271. According to the passage, which of the following is TRUE?A. You can enjoy the crab in a Shanghai style only in Sui Yuan.B. All the restaurants provide crab implements when you enjoy the crab.C. Not all the restaurants can provide the crab feast menu.D. You can only enjoy the delicious steamed crab in the restaurants.（C）Nowadays, people have a heated discussion on whether the pressure on international sports players kills the essence (真谛) of sport —the pursuit of personal excellence. Children kick a football around for fun. When they get older and play for local school teams, they become competitive but they still enjoy playing. The individual representing his country cannot afford to think about enjoying himself; he has to think only about winning. He is responsible for the entire nation’s hopes, dreams and reputation.A good example is the football Word Cup. Football is the world’s most important sport. Winning the World Cup is perhaps the summit of international sporting success. Mention Argentina (阿根廷) to someone and the chances are that he’ll think of football. In a sense, winning the World Cup put Argentina on the map.Sports fans and supporters get quite irrational about the World Cup. People in England felt that their country was somehow important after they won in 1966. Last year thousands of Scots sold their cars, and even their houses, and spent all their money traveling to Argentina, where the finals were played.So, am I arguing that international competition kills the idea of sport? Certainly not! Do the Argentineans really believe that because eleven of their men proved the most skillful at football, their nation is in every way better than all others? Not really, But it’s nice to know that you won and that in one way at least your country is the best.72. According to the passage, if a sportsman only thinks about winning, he will .A. fail to succeedB. lose enjoymentC. be successfulD. be unreasonable73. The main idea of the first paragraph is that .A. children take part in all kinds of sports because sports activities give them pleasure.B. competitions between different school teams make sports no longer a personal act for fun.C. Some people believe that international competition makes sports a task, a responsibility, for the individuals.D. some people think international competition is in a way opposite to the pursuit of personal excellence.74. What does the speaker mean when he says “In a sense, winning the World Cup put Argentina on the map”?A. Winning the World Cup makes Argentina a football power in the world.B. Argentina is not important before it wins the World Cup.C. Winning the World Cup gives weight to Argentina’s position in the world.D. Argentina is world-famous for its football because of its obvious position on the map.75. The word “irrational” in the third paragraph means .A. passionateB. unreasonableC. angryD. happySection CDirections Read the following text and choose the most suitable heading from A-F for each paragraph. There is one extra heading which you do not need.A. More and more widely used credit cards in USAB. credit cards’ disadvantagesC. Convenience in shopping with credit cardsD. Limit to a credit cardE. The wise way of using a credit cardF. High cost for not paying the bank in time76.Credit cards are becoming increasingly popular in people’s daily life. Credit cards offer two major services. First, they are easier and safer to carry than large amounts of money. Second, they permit people to borrow—to buy things they want even when they do not have enough money to pay the full price. Credit cards make it possible to spread out payments over weeks or months.77.To receive credit cards, people must prove that they earn enough to pay for what they buy. And they usually must prove that they have paid back any money they borrowed in the past. Then, after they receive the card, credit companies limit how much they can buy with it. Visa and Mastercard, for example, do not permit most of their users to owe more than $1,500 yet even with these restrictions. Credit cards often make it too easy for people to spend the money they cannot pay back.78.With credit cards, people pay for goods or services at the end of each month, instead of when they buy them. And when the time does come to pay, most credit cards offer people a choice. They can pay all of what they owe for the month. Or they can pay just part—usually between five and ten percent—of what they owe.79.Studies of credit card use have found that each month, about half of all card users pay the full amount they owe. The others pay only part of the amount. It is this group that provides credit card companies with most of their earnings. That is because the people pay a service charge—‘interest’—for the right to postpone full payment. Most pay an interest rate of about 19 percent a year of what they owe. In the last few years, there has been increasing criticism of these high interest rates on credit cards.80.The use of credit cards continues to increase. Some people say that in the near future credit cards will replace money completely, but others believe that event is unlikely. However, they think Americans will be using credit cards more and more. A major reason for this is the increasing fear of crime. Credit cards—unlike real money—can be replaced if they are lost or stolen.Section DDirections Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words.The European Union’s executive body yesterday said it wants to spend some 50 billion euros (US$70 billion) over the next decade on transport, energy and telecommunications projects to better link its member states across national borders.The proposals come against a background of a continent-wide financial crisis that has prompted heavy criticism of public spending by the EU at a time when national governments are cutting down budgets.EU Commission President Jose Manuel Barroso insisted, however, that the Connecting Europe initiative is necessary to overcome the limits of national governments often looking to serve their own electorate（全体选民）first and neglecting multinational plans that would profit the 500 million EU citizens as a whole.“We are closing the missing links in Europe’s infrastructure(基础设施) networks that otherwise would not be built,” Barroso said, adding that by putting forward the funds for 2014-2020, “we are making a down payment（保证金）or Europe’s future growth and jobs.”Barroso also launched the idea for special bonds to boost the programs. He said that in a pre-2014 phase, the commission wants to use up to 230 million euros of its budget to mobilize private investment of some 4.5 billion euros.The overall plan and bond financing received a mixed response.Guy Verhofstadt, the leader of the ALDE liberal fraction at the European Parliament, said yesterday’s “project bonds launch is a welcome and overdue step in the right direction.”“If we want to stimulate growth and job creation in Europe, we have to get on with upgrading our major infrastructure networks and be creative about attracting third party investment,” he said. Germany, the economic juggernaut of the 27-nation EU, insisted that transport network development was foremost the responsibility of the private sector.“A broad financing of network expansion through the EU budget cannot in any case be a solution.” said Philipp Roesler, Germany’s minister for the econ omy and technology.The Connecting Europe plan seeks to invest 31.7 billion euros in the transport sector to better link the network of roads, trains and waterways across borders to create a smooth single market. (Note: Answer the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN TEN WORDS.)81.Europe’s infrastructure networks will be built to .82. Most of the national governments in EU are cutting down budgets because .83. What’s Roesler’s response to the overall plan and bond financing?84. According to the passage, how can the EU stimulate growth and job creation?第II 卷（共45分）I. TranslationDirections Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.1. 你是否介意我把窗打开？（mind）2. 解决食品安全问题不是一朝一夕的事。

第 1 页 共 17 页闵行区2011学年第二学期高三年级质量调研考试英语试卷考生注意：1. 答卷前，考生务必在答题纸上将学校、姓名及准考证号填写清楚，并在规定的区域内填涂。

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满分150分，考试时间120分钟。

3. 考试后只交答题纸，试卷由考生自己保留。

第I 卷 (共105分) I. Listening Comprehension Section A Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about about it, it, it, read read read the the the four four four possible possible possible answers answers answers on on on your your your paper, paper, paper, and and and decide decide decide which which which one one one is is is the the the best best answer to the question you have heard. 1. A. Next Saturday. B. Next Tuesday. C. Next Friday. D. Next Sunday. 2. A. In a bookstore. B. In a library. C. In a bank. D. In a post office. 3. A. A manager and a customer. B. An employer and an employee. C. A professor and a student. D. An examiner and an examinee. 4. A. Tim ’s excellent performance. B. Tim’s assignment. C. Tim ’s graduation day. D. Tim ’s study habits. 5. A. To a hotel. B. To a restaurant. C. To a training class. D. To the train station. 6. A. An artist. B . A painter. C. A journalist. D. An architect. 7. A. To quit basketball. B. To go on playing basketball in spite of the failure. C. To give the reason for giving up basketball. D. To take part in another game. 8. A. They are looking for an apartment. B. The man does not like his bedroom. C. The woman enjoys shopping for clothes. D. They have just moved into an apartment. 9. A. She will decide later. B. She doesn’t care for either. C. She doesn ’t want to go out. D. She wants the man to decide. 10. 10. A. Her car is close-by. A. Her car is close-by. B. She lives far away. C. She has a new car. D. She wants the man to walk with her. 第 2 页 共 17 页Section BDirections: In Section B, you will hear two short passages, and you will be asked threequestions on each of the passages. The passages will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. 11. A. She explained the functions of the BCD International. A. She explained the functions of the BCD International. B. She described some popular singers. C. She introduced the radio program to listeners. D. She played a new record. 12. 12. A. About the Big Hits. A. About the Big Hits. B. The History of Pop. C. The Road to Music. D. Pop Words. 13. 13. A. To introduce new singers and songwriters. A. To introduce new singers and songwriters. B. To provide the background with music. C. To help to understand the words to the big music hits. D. To hear from listeners ’ opinions on music. Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.14. 14. A. They want to learn the basics of English. A. They want to learn the basics of English. B. They benefit from learning general English skills. C. They want to have an up-to-date knowledge of English. D. They know clearly what they want to learn. 15. 15. A. Doctors. A. Doctors. B. Businessmen. C. Reporters. D. Lawyers. 16. 16. A. Three groups of learners. A. Three groups of learners. B. The importance of business English. C. English for Specific Purposes. D. Features of English for different purposes. Section CDirections: In Section C, you will hear two longer conversations. The conversations will be read twice. After you hear each conversation, you are required to fill in the numbered blanks with the information you have heard. Write your answers on your answer sheet.Blanks 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.Complete the form. Write ONEWORD for each answer. How long have the Kramers been on vacation? For a (17)_________. Who did David invite for the dinner? Some of the Kramers ’ friends and (18)____. Why does David want to have the dinner party? To thank the Kramers for their (19) ______. What does Nancy think of David? He is (20)_________. 第 3 页 共 17 页 Blanks 21 through 24 are based on the following conversation. Complete the form. Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDSfor each answer. What job does the woman suggest to the man? (21)_________________. What did Boris do for Mr. Alexander? (22)_________________. Where Where can can can the the the man man man ask ask ask for for for help help help according according according to to to the the woman? The (23)_________________. What What else else else does does does the the the applicant applicant applicant have have have to to to do do do besides besides filling out an application form? (24)_________________ (24)_________________ and and and provide provide three references. II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: Beneath each of the following sentences there are four choices marked A, B. C and D. Choose the one answer that best completes the sentence.25. 25. This This kind kind of of of mistake, mistake, mistake, strange strange strange as as as it it it appears, appears, appears, is is is quite quite quite common common common ______ ______ ______ young young young English English beginners. A. within B. about C. among D. beyond 26. – May I smoke here? – If you _____, that ’s the smoking section over there. A. should B. must C. may D. could 27. 27. The temperature will fall sharply the day after tomorrow, when a snowstorm ______ to The temperature will fall sharply the day after tomorrow, when a snowstorm ______ to strike this area. A. expects B. is expected C. has expected D. will be expected 28. Several measures had been tried out to improve the traffic situation, yet ______ of them seemed to work well. A. none B. both C. all D. either 29. 29. If there were no such serious pollutions, people would live ________ life in the world. If there were no such serious pollutions, people would live ________ life in the world. A. the most healthy B. more healthy a C. much a healthy D. a more healthy 30. 30. We firmly believe that the project, if ______ according to the plan, will definitely work We firmly believe that the project, if ______ according to the plan, will definitely work out well. A. carrying out B. being carried out C. carried out D. to be carried out 31. 31. Don Don’t answer any e-mails ______ your private information, however official they look. A. requesting B. to request C. requested D. having requested 32. 32. The man denied ______ anything at the supermarket when questioned by the police. The man denied ______ anything at the supermarket when questioned by the police. A. to have stolen B. to be stealing C. having stolen D. to steal 33. 33. What What people people learned learned learned from from China Got Talented was was that that that there there there were were were so so so many many many talented talented people out there waiting ______ A. to discover B. to be discovered C. discovered D. being discovered 第 4 页 共 17 页 34. 34. Can you think of some cases ______ drivers obviously knew the traffic rules but didn Can you think of some cases ______ drivers obviously knew the traffic rules but didn’t obey them? A. why B. as C. where D. which 35. 35. The The school school rules rules rules state state state that no that no child child shall shall shall be be be allowed allowed allowed out out out of of of the the the school school school dating dating dating the day, the day, ______ accompanied by an adult. A. once B. when C. if D. unless 36. 36. The manager seems never to be satisfied with ______the company has achieved. The manager seems never to be satisfied with ______the company has achieved. A. what B. which C. that D . how 37. 37. When it comes to mental health, the fact is sometimes neglected ______ more and more When it comes to mental health, the fact is sometimes neglected ______ more and more teachers are under great pressure. A. which B. since C. whether D. that 38. I ’m puzzled why he ______ back to me. He should have heard from me. A. hasn ’t written B. didn ’t write C. doesn ’t write D. hasn’t been writing 39. 39. You You ’d like to have an annual vacation after the project is completed, ______? A. had you B. hadn ’t you C. would you D. wouldn ’t you 40. 40. What we have to admit is that never before ______ experienced such great changes. What we have to admit is that never before ______ experienced such great changes. A. had the city B. has the city C. the city has D. the city had Section BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.A. employed B. possessions C. unprotected D. particularly E. admit F. identify G . limited H. non-existent I. consequently J. opportunities Historically, the traditional role of women of all classes in Britain had been confined (限制) to that of mother in the home. Single and childless women 41 had an uncomfortable and difficult time. The majority of women had no voting or political rights until 1928, and for centuries centuries wives wives wives and and and their their their property property property had had had been been been the the the legal legal 42 of of their their their husbands. husbands. husbands. Formal Formal education for women was thought to be unnecessary for their role in life, and was 43 for the majority. The female position in society became a little better in some respects towards the end of the nineteenth century, but was still very 44 . However, elementary education for all was established and a few institutions of higher education began to 45 women in restricted numbers. Since the 1960’s, women in Britain have been fighting for greater equality with men in job 46 and rates of pay. Various laws from the 1970’s to the present have been made. In spite spite of of of all all all these, these, these, men men men remain remain remain better better better paid paid paid than than than women women women in in in many many many occupations, occupations, 47 in industry. Women constitute (构成) ) nearly nearly nearly half half half the the the national national national workforce, workforce, workforce, there there there are are are more more employed employed married married married women women women in in in Britain Britain Britain than than than in in in any any any other other other European European European Community Community Community country, country, country, and and 第 5 页 共 17 页 some some 60 60 60 percent percent percent of of of wives wives wives are are are now now 48 compared compared with with with 22 22 22 percent percent percent in in in 1951. 1951. 1951. But But But their their average weekly wage is still only 70 percent of the average paid to men. This is true of both the the manufacturing manufacturing manufacturing trades trades trades and and and the the the service service service industries. industries. industries. As As As a a a result, result, result, the the the majority majority majority of of of female female workers are badly paid and often 49 by the trade unions or the law. III. Reading comprehension:Section ADirections:For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.In In business, business, business, there there there is is is a a a speed speed speed difference: difference: difference: It It It’’s s the the the difference difference difference between between between how how how important important important a a firm firm’’s s leaders leaders leaders say say say speed speed speed is is is to to to their their their competitive competitive strategy (策略) ) and and and how how how fast fast fast the the the company company actually moves. The difference is important 50 industry and company size. Companies fearful of losing their competitive advantage spend much time and money looking for ways to pick up the 51 . In our study of 343 businesses, the companies that chose to go, go, go to try to gain an edge ended with lower sales and operating income than those that 52 at key moments to make sure they were on the right 53 . What What’’s more, the firms that “slowed downto 54 ” improved improved their their their top top top and and and bottom bottom bottom lines, lines, lines, averaging averaging averaging 40% 40% 40% higher higher higher sales sales sales and and and 52% 52% 52% higher higher operating income over a three-year period. How How did did did they they 55 the the laws laws laws of of of business, business, business, taking taking taking more more more time time time than than than competitors competitors competitors yet yet performing performing better? better? better? They They They thought thought 56 about about what what what ““slower slower”” and and ““faster faster”” mean. mean. Firms Firms sometimes 57 to to understand understand understand the the the difference difference difference between between between operation operation operation speed speed speed (moving (moving (moving quickly) quickly) and strategic speed (reducing the time it takes to deliver value). Simply increasing the speed of production, for example, may be one way to try to reduce the speed difference. But that often leads to reduced value over time, in the form of lower-quality products and services. In In our our our study, study, study, higher higher higher performing performing performing companies companies companies with with with strategic strategic strategic speed speed speed always always always made made made changes changes when it is 58 . They became more 59 to idea and discussion. They encouraged new ways of thinking. And they allowed time to look and learn. 60 , performance suffered at firms firms that that that moved moved moved fast fast fast all all all the the the time, time, time, paid paid paid too too too much much much attention attention attention to to to improving improving 61 , , stuck stuck stuck to to tested methods, didn ’t develop team spirit among their employees, and had little time thinking about 62 . Strategic speed 63 a kind of leadership. Teams that 64 take time to get things right right are are are more more more successful successful successful in in in meeting meeting meeting their their their business business business goals. goals. goals. That That That kind of kind of strategy strategy must must must come come from the top. 50. 50. A. according to A. according to B. regardless of C. due to D. instead of 51. 51. A. profit A. profit B . product C. speed D. method 52. 52. A. paused A. paused B. developed C. persevered D. engaged 53. 53. A. situation A. situation B. track C. occasion D. duty 54. 54. A. look on A. look on B. keep up C. hold back D. speed up 55. 55. A. learn A. learn B. discover C. disobey D. prefer 第 6 页 共 17 页56. A. strangely B. abstractly C. entirely D. differently 57. 57. A. fait A. fait B. attempt C. pretend D. desire 58. 58. A. convenient A. convenient B. necessary C. emergent D. incredible 59. 59. A. alert A. alert B. restless C. open D. specific 60. 60. A. In short A. In short B. By contrast C. Above all D. All in all 61. 61. A. welfare A. welfare B. technology C. efficiency D. condition 62. 62. A. qualities A. qualities B. standards C. competitors D. changes 63. 63. A. serves as A. serves as B. stands for C. refers to D. deals with 64. 64. A. temporarily A. temporarily B. extensively C. naturally D. regularly Section BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by severalquestions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)T his his book book book is is is designed designed designed to to to help help help you you you improve improve improve your your your reading reading reading comprehension comprehension comprehension skills skills skills by by studying studying 20 20 20 minutes minutes minutes a a a day day day for for for 20 20 20 days. days. days. Y Y ou ’ll ll start start start with with with the the the basics basics basics and and and move move move on on on to to to more more complex complex reading reading reading comprehension comprehension comprehension and and and critical critical critical thinking thinking thinking strategies. strategies. strategies. Please Please Please note note note that that that although although each each chapter chapter chapter can can can be be be an an an effective effective effective skill skill skill builder builder builder on on on its its its own, own, own, it it it is is is important important important that that that you you you proceed proceed through this book in order, from Lesson I through Lesson 20. Each lesson builds on skills and ideas ideas discussed discussed discussed in in in the previous the previous chapters. As you you move move move through through through this this book book and and and your your your reading reading skills develop, the passages you read will increase both in length and in complexity. The book begins with a pretest, which will allow you to see how well you can answer various various kinds kinds kinds of of of reading reading reading comprehension comprehension comprehension questions questions questions now, now, now, as as as you you you begin. begin. begin. When When When you you you finish finish finish the the book, take the posttest to see how much you ’ve improved. The The text text text is is is divided divided divided into into into four four four sections, sections, sections, each each each focusing focusing focusing on on on a a a different different different group group group of of of related related reading reading and and and thinking thinking thinking strategies. strategies. strategies. These These These strategies strategies strategies will will will be be be outlined outlined outlined at at at the the the beginning beginning beginning of of of each each section and then reviewed in a special “putting it all together ” final lesson. Each lesson provides several exercises that allow you to practice the skills you learn. To ensure you ’re on the right track, each lesson also provides answers and explanations for all of the the practice practice practice questions. questions. questions. Additionally, Additionally, Additionally, you you you will will will find find find practical practical practical suggestions suggestions suggestions in in in each each each chapter chapter chapter for for how to continue practicing these skills in your daily life. The The most most most important important important thing thing thing you you you can can can do do do to to to improve improve improve your your your reading reading reading skills skills skills is is is to to to become become become an an active active reader. reader. reader. The The The following following following guidelines guidelines guidelines and and and suggestions suggestions suggestions outlined outlined outlined will will will familiarize familiarize familiarize you you you with with active reading techniques. Use these techniques as much as possible as you work your way through the lessons in this book. 第 7 页 共 17 页65. 65. According to the passage, the pretest aims to __________. According to the passage, the pretest aims to __________. A. tell you where your starting level is B. arouse your interest in using the book C. illustrate the structure of the text D. introduce the test-taking techniques 66. 66. According to the passage, which of the following is NOT true? According to the passage, which of the following is NOT true? A. Each chapter has an internal relationship with the previous chapter. B. The texts are arranged in the order of length and complexity. C. Different reading strategies are listed at the beginning of each section. D. The author suggests using the book selectively according to readers’ level. 67. 67. What is the author most likely to talk about in the following paragraph? What is the author most likely to talk about in the following paragraph? A. The function of each chapter. B. The outline of each section. C. The ways to be an active reader. D. The guidelines in using the book. (B)The canopy, the upper level of the trees in the rain forest, holds too much of climbing mammals (哺乳动物哺乳动物) of moderately large size, which may include monkeys, cats, civets, and porcupines. Smaller species, including such as nice and small squirrels, are not as common overall in high tropical canopies as they are in most habitats globally. Small Small mammals, mammals, mammals, being being being warm warm warm blooded, blooded, blooded, suffer suffer suffer hardship hardship hardship in in in the the the exposed exposed exposed and and and uncertain uncertain environment of the uppermost trees. Because a small body has more surface area per unit of weight than a large one of similar shape, it gains or loses heat more rapidly. Thus, in the trees, where where protection protection protection from from from heat heat heat and and and cold cold cold may may may be be be scarce scarce scarce and and and conditions conditions conditions may may may be be be changeable, changeable, changeable, a a small mammal may have trouble maintaining its body temperature. Small size makes it easy to scramble among twigs (嫩枝嫩枝) and branches in the canopy for insects, insects, flowers, flowers, flowers, or or or fruit, fruit, fruit, but but but small small small mammals mammals mammals are are are defeated, defeated, defeated, in in in the the the competition competition competition for for for food, food, food, by by large ones that have their own strategies for browsing among food-rich twigs. The weight of an an ape ape ape hanging hanging hanging below below below a a a branch branch branch draws draws draws the the the leaves leaves leaves down down down so so so that that that fruit-bearing fruit-bearing fruit-bearing leaves leaves leaves drop drop toward the ape ’s face. Walking or leaping species of a similar or even larger size access the outer outer twigs twigs twigs either either either by by by breaking breaking breaking and and and gaining gaining gaining the the the whole whole whole branch branch branch or or or by by by catching catching catching hold hold hold of of of hard hard branches with the feet or tail and picking food with their hands. Small climbing animals may reach twigs readily, but it is harder for them than for large climbing climbing animals animals animals to to to cross cross cross the the the wide wide wide gaps gaps gaps from from from one one one tree tree tree top top top to to to the the the next next next that that that typify typify typify the the the high high canopy. A gibbon can hurl itself farther than a mouse can: it can achieve a running start, and it can more effectively use a branch as a springboard (跳板跳板). The forward movement of a small animal is seriously reduced by the air friction (摩擦摩擦) against the relatively large surface area of its body. 68. Which of the following questions does the passage answer? A. How is the rain forest different from other habitats? B. How does an animal ’s body size influence an animal ’s need for food? 第 8 页 共 17 页C. Why does rain forest provide an unusual variety of food for animals? D. Why do large animals tend to dominate the upper canopy of the rain forest? 69. 69. According to paragraph 2, which of the following is true about the small mammals in the According to paragraph 2, which of the following is true about the small mammals in the rain forest? A. They have body shapes that are adapted to life in the canopy. B. They prefer the temperature and climate of the canopy to that of other environments. C. They have difficulty with the changing conditions in the canopy. D. They use the trees of the canopy for protection from heat and cold. 70. 70. When discussing animal size in paragraph 3, the author indicates that ________. When discussing animal size in paragraph 3, the author indicates that ________. A. small animals require appropriately more food than larger animals do B. a large animal ’s size is an advantage in obtaining food in the canopy C. small animals are often attacked by larger animals in the rain forest D. small animals and large animals are equally good at obtaining food in the canopy 71. 71. According According to to the the the last last last paragraph, paragraph, paragraph, what what what makes makes makes jumping jumping jumping from from from one one tree tree crown crown crown to to to another another difficult for small mammals? A. Air friction against the body surface. B. The thickness of the branches. C. The dense leaves of the tree top. D. The inability to use the front feet as hands. (C)According According to to to sociologists, sociologists, sociologists, there there there are are are several several several different different different ways ways ways in in in which which which a a a person person person may may become become recognized recognized recognized as as as the the the leader leader leader of of of a a a social social social group group group in in in the the the United United United States. States. States. In In In the the the family family traditional cultural patterns confer (授予授予) leadership on one or both of the parents. In other cases, cases, such such such as as as friendship friendship friendship groups, groups, groups, one one one or or or more more more persons persons persons may may may gradually gradually gradually emerge emerge emerge as as as leaders, leaders, although there is no formal process of selection. In larger groups, leaders are usually chosen formally through election or recruitment. Although leaders are often thought to be people with unusual personal ability, decades of research research have have have failed failed failed to to to produce produce produce consistent consistent consistent evidence evidence evidence that that that there there there is is is any any any category category category of of of ““natural leaders.leaders.”” It seems that there is no set of personal qualities that all leaders have in common; rather, virtually any person may be recognized as a leader if the person has qualities that meet the needs of that particular group. Furthermore, although it is commonly supposed that social groups have a single leader, research research suggests suggests suggests that that that there there there are are are typically typically typically two two two different different different leadership leadership leadership roles roles roles that that that are are are held held held by by different individuals. Instrumental leadership is leadership that emphasizes the completion of tasks tasks by by by a a a social social social group. group. group. Group Group Group members members members look look look to to to instrumental instrumental instrumental leaders leaders leaders to to to ““get get things things things done.done.done.””Expressive Expressive leadership, leadership, leadership, on on on the the the other other other hand, hand, hand, is is is leadership leadership leadership that that that emphasizes emphasizes emphasizes the the the collective collective well-beings well-beings of of of a a a social social social group group group’’s s members. members. members. Expressive Expressive Expressive leaders leaders leaders are are are less less less concerned concerned concerned with with with the the 。

2012届上海市高三二模英语试卷——完形填空（崇明）It‘s hardly surprising that weather is a favorite topic for so many people around the world. It50 where we choose to live, what we wear, our moods, and perhaps even our national features.A sunny day can lessen the deepest 51 , while very bad weather can destroy homes and threaten lives.The human race has always tried to 52 the weather, especially in areas of the world where there are many changes. Two popular traditional ways of predicting weather use pine cones(松果) and seaweed(海草). When the air has a high level of humidity(湿度), there is a higher chance of rain. When the humidity is low, there is more chance of 53 weather. Pine cones and seaweed feels dry when the humidity is low, 54 high humidity has the opposite effect.Today‘s methods of prediction increasingly depend on 55 . Satellites, balloons, ships, aircraft and weather centers with 56 equipments send data to computers. The data is then 57 , and the weather is predicted. However, 58 this system can not predict weather for longer than about a week.A recent study by an Australian scientist suggests that certain people may have a special59 for predicting weather. However, it is 60 that these people could use their talent in another way, since the same group had a lot of success in predicting changes in another system—the stock market.It 61 that a study of weather may also enable scientists to predict the sudden 62 of a disease. An Ebola epidemic (a kind of disease) in Uganda in the year 2000 came after the same rare 63 conditions that had been present before a sudden spread of the disease 6 years earlier. Efforts to 64 the spread of air-borne diseases such as foot and mouth are also strongly dependent on favorable wind conditions.50. A. shows B. affects C. predicts D. introduces51. A. enjoyment B. sadness C. excitement D. laziness52. A. guess B. use C. change D. improve53. A. windy B. bad C. fine D. cold54. A. when B. while C. although D. as55. A. industry B. intelligence C. technology D. people56. A. monitoring B. predicting C. shaping D. moving57. A. used B. processed C. taught D. answered58. A. also B. still C. only D. even59. A. gift B. concern C. application D. liking60. A. necessary B. easy C. unique D. possible61. A. happens B. occurs C. appears D. estimates62. A. start B. shift C. cure D. crash63. A. living B. working C. health D. weather64. A. encourage B. quicken C. limit D. shorten50. B 51. B 52. A 53. C 54. B 55. C 56. A 57. B 58. D 59. A 60. D 61. C 62. A 63. D 64. C（奉贤）Is language, like food, a basic human need without which a child at a critical period of life can be 50 and damaged? Judging from an experiment in the thirteenth century, it may be. Hoping to discover what language a child would speak if a baby heard no mother 51 , the experimenter told the nurses to keep silent.All the 52 died before the first year. But clearly there was more than lack of language here. What was missing was good mothering. Without good mothering, in the first yearof life 53 , the capacity to survive is seriously affected.Today no such severe lack exists as that ordered by the experimenter. 54 , some children are still backward in speaking. Most often the reason for this is that the mother is 55 to the signals of the infant, whose brain is programmed to learn language rapidly. If these sensitive periods are neglected, the ideal time for 56 skills passes and they might never be learned so easily again. A bird learns to sing and to fly rapidly at right time, but the process is slow and hard once the 57 stage has passed.Experts suggest that speech stages are reached in a fixed sequence and at a 58 age, but there are cases where speech has started 59 in a child who eventually turns out to be of high IQ. At twelve weeks a baby smiles and makes vowel-like sounds; at twelve months he can speak simple words and understand simple 60 ; at eighteen months he has a vocabulary of three to fifty words. At three he knows about 1,000 words which he can put into sentences, and at four his language differs from that of his parents in style 61 grammar.Recent evidence suggests that an infant is born with the 62 to speak. What is special about man‘s brain, compared with that of the monkey, is the comp lex system which enables a child to 63 the sight and feel of, say, a toy-bear with the sound pattern ―toy –bear‖. And even more 64 is the young brain‘s ability to pick out an order in language from the mixture of sound around him, to analyse, to combine and recombine the parts of a language in new ways.50.A. constructed B. starved C. spoiled D. exhausted51.A. sound B. singing C. educating D. tongue52.A. parents B. care-takers C. infants D. investigators53.A. randomly B. originally C. greatly D. especially54.A. Consequently B. Nevertheless C. Theoretically D. Fortunately55.A. unfamiliar B. inaccessible C. insensitive D. unaccustomed56.A. acquiring B. practising C. occupying D. seizing57.A. critical B. temporary C. contemporary D. reasonable58.A. pleasing B. troublesome C. flexible D. constant59.A. last B. late C. early D. lately60.A. commands B. necessities C. resolutions D. directions61.A. or rather B. or else C. other than D. rather than62.A. inspiration B. passion C. creativity D. capacity63.A. justify B. connect C. oblige D. devote64.A. unpredictable B. unbelievable C. uncountable D. unbearable 50—54 BDCDB 55—59 CAADB 60—64 ADDBB(虹口)The past 20 years have produced great advances in technology and communications. 50, people throughout the world have become ever more connected. The 51link between the nations and people of the world is called globalization. It is a 52that has changed ways of life around the world.Perhaps the biggest change in this process is the effect of globalization on commerce. In an effort to build a 53economy, most nations of the world have embraced (拥抱) free trade. Free trade removes certain limits imposed (强加) on global commerce to make it easier for nations to exchange goods with one another. A 54aim of this process is to aid poor nations and thus reduce 55. Globalization has indeed increased trade throughout the world, but experts disagree about its effect on the poor.The debate about recent trends in global commerce is complex. Those 56free trade in the global market point out that competition lowers prices. Its critics argue that, without controls, such a system often harms poor nations. To some extent, both are 57. For example, in Jamaica, a country which imported milk from the United States and the 58milk was cheaper than local milk, more poor people could drink milk and improve their nutrition. At the same time, the cheaper milk put 59dairy farmers out of business. Perhaps this program caused as much harm as 60 .Those who support free trade in the global market do so for a number of reasons. Studies show that when a poor nation begins trading on the global level, it gains certain 61. Its economy grows rapidly. Multinational companies set up factories, 62jobs for people. Supporters claim that these factors reduce poverty and lessen the gap between the richest and poorest nations. They believe that the globalizing trend benefits the poor.Critics of unrestricted free trade question these conclusions. Although they 63that the global market can offer growth and jobs to poor nations, they doubt that it reduces poverty. In fact, they cite (引述) studies which show that poverty has increased as a result of the global market.64, the gap between rich and poor nations is growing.Regardless of which side they are on, most experts believe that globalization has great potential to aid the poor. Both sides need to find a way to make it work.50. A. In conclusion B. In particular C. As a result D. On the contrary51. A. growing B. starting C. moving D. reducing52. A. culture B. trend C. belief D. potential53. A. regional B. national C. practical D. global54. A. steadier B. further C. tougher D. stricter55. A. profit B. conflict C. poverty D. expense56. A. attracting B. altering C. opposing D. supporting57. A. correct B. inevitable C. necessary D. effective58. A. required B. produced C. imported D. exported59. A. economical B. local C. traditional D. social60. A. sacrifice B. satisfaction C. convenience D. good61. A. benefits B. varieties C. opportunities D. budgets62. A. influencing B. arranging C. providing D. applying63. A. ensure B. assume C. argue D. agree64. A. In addition B. First of all C. In that case D. On average50-64: CABDB CDACB DACDA(黄浦、嘉定)When I became an amputee at age 29, I was forced to rethink the idea of physical perfection. My life became different, as I changed from an acceptably attractive woman to an object of pity and __50__.Too busy __51__ physical pain and obvious mobility limitation, I was not aware of this change at first. I was determined to __52__, feeling good about the progress I had made, as I moved forward.__53__, as I made my first excursion outside the hospital, society had already assigned me a new status. Happy to be free of my restriction in the hospital, I rolled through the shopping mall –a __54__ survivor, feeling like a war hero. Unfortunately, I had a rude __55__ as I discovered that others did not view me in the way I had come to view myself.All eyes were upon me, yet no one dared to make eye contact. Their efforts to __56__ my eyes forced me to realize they saw only my missing legs. Mothers __57__ held their children closer as I passed. Elderly women patted me on the head saying, ―God Bless You!‖ with __58__ in their eyes.While I sat thinking about what had happened, a small girl came up to me. She stared with unembarrassed __59__ at the empty pants. Finding nothing there, she looked up at me with a puzzled look, she innocently asked, ―Lady, where did your legs go?‖I explained that my legs had been sick. Since my legs hadn‘t been strong and healthy like hers, the doctors had to __60__ them. Leaning h er head upwards, she asked, ―Did they go to ‗Leg Heaven‘?‖That incident made me think about how __61__ children and adults react to the unknown. To a child, an odd appearance is an interesting curiosity and a __62__ learning experience while adults often view the same thing with fear and horror. I began to realize that, I, too had been __63__ of the same inappropriate reactions before I knew what life was like for an amputee.To fulfill the wholeness of my mind and spirit, I now smile warmly, make eye contact, and speak in a confident manner. By using a __64__ approach, I attempt to enlighten society about the fact that having a not-so-perfect body doesn‘t mean having a poor quality of life.50. A. comfort B. fear C. hatred D. sadness51. A. crying with B. figuring out C. holding back D. dealing with52. A. endure B. quit C. revenge D. succeed53. A. Instead B. Moreover C. However D. Therefore54. A. calm B. poor C. proud D. rare55. A. awakening B. ending C. happening D. proceeding56. A. turn B. hold C. catch D. avoid57. A. softly B. protectively C. reluctantly D. pleasantly58. A. pity B. anger C. depression D. upset59. A. curiosity B. determination C. enthusiasm D.satisfaction60. A. lose B. adjust C. remove D. stretch61. A. differently B. positively C. strangely D. sympathetically62. A. painful B. potential C. similar D. common63. A. conscious B. guilty C. ignorant D. short64. A. creative B. flexible C. positive D. scientific50—54 BDDCC 55—59 ADBAA 60—64 CABBC（静安、杨浦、宝山、青浦）During the initial stages of instructed L2 (the second language) acquisition students learn a couple thousand, mainly high frequency words. Functional language proficiency, however, __50__ mastery of a considerably large number of words. It is therefore __51__ at the intermediate and advanced stages of language acquisition to learn a large vocabulary in a short period of time. There is not enough time to __52__ the natural (largely incidental) L1 (the firstlanguage) word acquisition process. Incidental acquisition of the words is only possible up to a point, __53__, on account of their low frequency, they do not __54__ often enough in the L2 learning material.Acquisition of new words from authentic L2 reading texts by means of strategies suc h as contextual deduction(演绎) is also not a __55__ for a number of reasons. There appears to be no __56__to intentional learning of a great many new words in a relatively short period of time. The words to be learned may be __57__ in isolation or in context. Presentation in bilingual（双语的）word lists seems an __58__ shortcut because it takes less time than contextual presentation and yields excellent short term results. Long term memory, __59__, is often disappointing so contextual presentation seems advisable.Any suggestions on how to use this in educational contexts should be based on a systematic __60__ of the two most important aspects of the L2 word learning problem, this is to say, selecting the relevant vocabulary (which and how many words) and creating the best conditions for the acquisition process. This article sets out to __61__a computer assisted word acquisition programme (CA VOCA) which tries to do exactly this: the programme operationalises current theoretical thinking about word acquisition, and its __62__ are based on a systematic list of the vocabulary relevant for the target group. To __63__its frequency, the programme was __64__ in a number of experimental settings with a paired associated method of learning new words. The experimental results suggest that an approach combining the two methods is most advisable.50. A. inquires B. requires C. receives D. inspires51. A. difficult B. easy C. possible D. necessary52. A. copy B. focus C. find D. clean53. A. however B. moreover C. because D. nevertheless54. A. disturb B. seem C. occur D. disappear55. A. solution B. approach C. problem D. wonder56. A. official B. annual C. objective D. alternative57. A. predicted B. presented C. postponed D. preferred58. A. available B. outstanding C. attractive D. evident59. A. by means of B. moreover C. in spite of D. however60. A. focus B. analysis C. object D. target61. A. describe B. grasp C. link D. force62. A. conclusions B. appointments C. aspects D. contents63. A. react B. establish C. memorize D. leave64. A. enhanced B. invented C. contrasted D. behaved50—54 BDACC 55—59 ADBCD 60—64 BADBC（闵行）In business, there is a speed difference: It‘s the difference between how important a firm‘s leaders say speed is to their competitive strategy (策略) and how fast the company actually moves. The difference is important 50 industry and company size. Companies fearful of losing their competitive advantage spend much time and money looking for ways to pick up the 51 .In our study of 343 businesses, the companies that chose to go, go, go to try to gain an edgeended with lower sales and operating income than those that 52 at key moments to make sure they were on the right 53 . What‘s more, the firms that ―slowed down to54 ‖improved their top and bottom lines, averaging 40% higher sales and 52% higher operating income over a three-year period.How did they 55 the laws of business, taking more time than competitors yet performing better? They thought 56 about what ―slower‖ and ―faster‖ mean. Firms sometimes 57 to understand the difference between operation speed (moving quickly) and strategic speed (reducing the time it takes to deliver value). Simply increasing the speed of production, for example, may be one way to try to reduce the speed difference. But that often leads to reduced value over time, in the form of lower-quality products and services.In our study, higher performing companies with strategic speed always made changes when it is 58 . They became more 59 to idea and discussion. They encouraged new ways of thinking. And they allowed time to look and learn. 60 , performance suffered at firms that moved fast all the time, paid too much attention to improving 61 , stuck to tested methods, didn‘t develop team spirit among their employees, and had little time thinking about62 .Strategic speed 63 a kind of leadership. Teams that 64 take time to get things right are more successful in meeting their business goals. That kind of strategy must come from the top.50. A. according to B. regardless of C. due to D. instead of51. A. profit B. product C. speed D. method52. A. paused B. developed C. persevered D. engaged53. A. situation B. track C. occasion D. duty54. A. look on B. keep up C. hold back D. speed up55. A. learn B. discover C. disobey D. prefer56. A. strangely B. abstractly C. entirely D. differently57. A. fail B. attempt C. pretend D. desire58. A. convenient B. necessary C. emergent D. incredible59. A. alert B. restless C. open D. specific60. A. In short B. By contrast C. Above all D. All in all61. A. welfare B. technology C. efficiency D. condition62. A. qualities B. standards C. competitors D. changes63. A. serves as B. stands for C. refers to D. deals with64. A. temporarily B. extensively C. naturally D. regularly50. B 51. C 52. A 53. B 54. D 55. C 56. D 57. A 58. B 59. C 60. B 61. C 62. D 63. A 64. D(浦东)We must face the fact that there are many aspects of the information age. All information makes us anxious. Over some of these, we have little or no control. On the other hand, there are steps we can take to eliminate much of 50 . We might say, then, that survival in the information age is a challenging yet 51 task.To some extent, we are all receivers and givers of information. Our brain, however, receives and processes information in different ways. One way involves the amazing capacity of the brainto process information subconsciously.Another way involves 52 processing of information such as during conversation. We have a great deal of control over this type of information processing --- both as givers and receivers. If we indulge (任凭) ourselves talking about tiny things or even harmful information, valuable time and 53 can be wasted. Meanwhile this can make us and others anxious. You may lose opportunities to absorb and distribute information that is truly useful for 54 in this troubled world.Information gathered by reading is processed consciously and 55 takes longest. The written word is still the most powerful way of 56 imagination and conveying information, ideas, and concept.How can we 57 so much information from various sources, such as reading material, TV program, computer games, and other 58 activities? The answer is screening. Screening, sorting out or prioritizing what we need to hear, see, say or read may 59 much information anxiety.To cut through confusing information, 60 this basic rule: Keep it simple! The secret to processing information is narrowing your 61 of information. Simplicity is 62 in many Asian cultures and is even recognized in Western cultures as a superior way of living. Writer Duane Elgin 63 , ―To live more simply is to live more purposefully and with a64 of needless distractio n.‖50. A. anxiety B. trouble C. interest D. curiosity51. A. donating B. accomplishing C. rewarding D. searching52. A. sensitive B. conscious C. unconscious D. reasonable53. A. health B. wealth C. power D. energy54. A. expanding B. surviving C. stretching D. bearing55. A. hence B. however C. still D. yet56. A. cooperating B. finding C. stimulating D. removing57. A. think of B. deal with C. do with D. rule over58. A. considerate B. professional C. humorous D. recreational59. A. get rid of B. bring about C. break into D. come to60. A. catch B. apply C. abandon D. offer61. A. rank B. limit C. field D. lane62. A. received B. supplied C. labeled D. recommended63. A. opposed B. stated C. declined D. offered64. A. minimum B. maximum C. quantity D. presence50--64. ACBDB ACBDA BCDBA（普陀）One student skipped class and then sent the professor an e-mail（50）______for copies of her teaching notes.Another（51）______that she was late for a Monday class because she was recovering from drinking too much at a wild weekend party.At colleges and universities in the US, e-mail has made professors more approachable(平易近人).But many say it has made them too accessible,（52）______boundaries that traditionally kept students at a healthy distance.These days, professors say, students seem to view them as available（53）______the clock, sending a steady stream of informal e-mails.“The tone that they take in e-mails is pretty astounding(令人吃惊的),”said Michael Kessler, an assistant dean at Georgetown University.“They‘ll（54）______you to help:‘I need to know this.’”“There’s a fine（55）______between meeting their needs and at the same time maintaining a level of legitimacy(正统性)as an （56）______who is in charge.”Christopher Dede, a professor at the Harvard Graduate School of Education, said（57）______show that students no longer defer to(听从)their professors, perhaps because they realize that professors‘（58）______could rapidly become outdated.“The deference (听从)was driven by the （59）______that professors were all-knowing sources of deep knowledge,”Dede said, and that notion has（60）______.For junior faculty members(全体教师),e-mails bring new tension into their work, some say, as they struggle with how to（61）______.Their job prospects, they realize, may rest in part on(依赖) student evaluations of their accessibility.College students say e-mail makes（62）______easier to ask questions and helps them learn. But they seem unaware that what they write in e-mails could have negative effects（63）______them, said Alexandra Lahav, and associate professor of Law at the University of Connecticut. She recalled an e-mail message from a student saying that he planned to miss class so he could play with his son. Professor Lahav did not respond.―Such e-mails can have consequences,‖ she said. ―Students don‘t understand that （64）______they say in e-mail can make them seem unprofessional, and could result in a bad recommendation.‖50. A. providing B. offering C. supplying D. asking51. A. complained B. argued C. explained D. believed52. A. removing B. moving C. putting D. placing53. A. about B. around C. at D. from54. A. control B. shout C. order D. make55. A. requirement B. contradiction C. tension D. balance56. A. teacher B. instructor C. lecturer D. professor57. A. e-mails B. passages C. texts D. books58. A. technology B. expertise C. science D. imagination59. A. tradition B. sense C. notion D. meaning60. A. strengthened B. weakened C. reinforced D. consolidated61. A. ask B. question C. respond D. request62. A. him B. her C. you D. it63. A. on B. against C. in D. about64. A. this B. which C. that D. what50---64 DCABC DBABC BCDA D（徐汇、金山）Today, there are many avenues open to those who wish to continue their education. However, nearly all require some __(50)__ in one‘s career in order to attend school full time. Part-time education, that is, attending school at night or for one weekend a month, tends to drag the__(51)__out over time and puts the completion of a degree program out of reach of many people. __(52)__, such programs require a fixed time commitment which can also impact __(53)__ on one‘s career and family time.Of the many __(54)__ to teaching and learning, however, perhaps the most flexible and accommodating is that called distance learning. Distance learning is an educational method, which allows the students the __(55)__ to study at his or her own pace to achieve the __(56)__ goals, which are so necessary in today‘s world. The time required to study may be set aside at the student‘s convenience with due __(57)__ to all life‘s other requirements. Besides, the student may __(58)__ in distance learning courses from virtually any place in the world, while continuing to pursue their chosen career. Tutorial assistance may be __(59)__through regular airmail, telephone, fax machine, teleconferencing and over the Internet.Good distance learning programs are characterized by the inclusion of a subject __(60)__ tool with every subject. This precludes（排除）the requirement for a student to travel away from home to take a test. Another characteristic of a good distance-learning program is the __(61)__ of the distance-learning course with the same subject materials as those students taking the course on the home campus. The resultant diploma or degree should also be the same whether distance learning or on-campus study is employed.In the final analysis, a good distance learning program has a place not only for the __(62)__ students but also the corporation or business that wants to work in partnership with their employees for the educational benefit, professional development, and business growth of the organization. __(63)__ distance learning programs for their employees gives the business the advantage of retaining（保留）career-minded people while __(64)__to their personal and professional growth through education.50. A. experience B. break C. interest D. change51. A. process B. progress C. property D. possibility52. A. Surprisingly B. Additionally C. Fortunately D. Traditionally53. A. appropriately B. reasonably C. negatively D. favorably54. A. complaints B. attitudes C. difficulties D. approaches55. A. individuality B. responsibility C. flexibility D. visibility56. A. professional B. academic C. relevant D. separate57. A. desire B. ability C. regard D. account58. A. enroll B. evolve C. enclose D. emerge59. A. adequate B. vacant C. available D. reliable60. A. registration B. participation C. investigation D. evaluation61. A. demonstration B. equivalence C. combination D. qualification62. A. distinguished B. outstanding C. independent D. individual63. A. Sponsoring B. Requiring C. Indicating D. Protesting64. A. objecting B. responding C. contributing D. addingSection A 50-54 BABCD 55-59 CBCAC 60-64 DBDAC（杨浦1.5）The Human Development Report, published annually since 1990, seeks to 50 "human development" around the world and calculates a "Human Development Index" (HDI人类发展指数) for 169 countries. The HDI is 51 on average income, life expectancy, and level of education. 52 , rich countries tend to have higher HDIs than poor countries, but there are interesting 53 in human development among countries with similar levels of economic development, because some have better health and education systems than others!Almost every country in the world has a higher HDI than in 1990, despite the fact that since the 2008 financial crisis the total number of people living in extreme 54 has increased. The report Concludes that most people are healthier, live longer, are more 55 , —and that even in countries with severe economic problems, people's health and education have generally56 . Although sub-Saharan African countries are at the bottom of the pile 57 human development, some of them have made significant progress since 1990. The report is 58 , however, of the fact that economic inequality has increased significantly in the last twenty years, both within and between countries.The greatest threat to HDI in the future, according to the report, is climate change. The way to increase average income in a country is through economic growth, which means increased production and 59 . However, if this 60 to greater emissions (排放) of greenhouse gases, as has always been the case in the past, global warming will probably go faster, causing severe environmental problems in some parts of the world that will 61 the livelihoods of huge numbers of people. The progress of the last twenty years, 62 , might not be sustainable (可持续的).The only solution, according to the report, is to break the 63 between economic growth and greenhouse gas emissions — which, 64 to say, is easier said than done.50. A. judge B. investigate C. assess D. justify51. A. based B. focused C. keen D. reflected52. A. Unexpectedly B. Unwillingly C. Unfortunately D. Unsurprisingly53. A. variations B. experiments C. signs D. mixtures54. A. cruelty B. poverty C. emotion D. terror55. A. talented B. disadvantaged C. determined D. educated56. A. infected B. ignored C. improved D. impressed57. A. to the extent of B. on account of C. for the sake of D. in terms of58. A. critical B. proud C. fond D. independent59. A. administration B. consumption C. application D. concentration60. A. objects B. sticks C. leads D. turns61. A. threaten B. maintain C. concern D. guarantee62. A. therefore B. however C. otherwise D. nevertheless63. A. gap B. record C. law D. link64. A. fearless B. needless C. careless D. hopeless Cloze50-64 CADAB DCDAB CAADB（闸北）Each stage of life has different major demands mainly because our needs change. As children, a period of deep uncertainty and sensitivity, 50 and family are the top needs although we may not think of them in those terms. As teenagers, we are 51 the waters of adult life, preparing ourselves for the exciting unknown and as young adults we search for a 52 . The。

2012届上海市高三二模英语试卷——简答(崇明)In so many ways, cyberspace(网络空间) mirrors the real world. People ask for information, play games, and share hobby tips. Others buy and sell products. Still others look for friendship, or even love.Unlike the real world, however, your knowledge about a person is limited to words on a computer screen. Identity and appearance mean very little in cyberspace. Rather, a person‘s thoughts—or at least the thoughts they type—are what really count. So even the shyest person can become a chat-room star.Usually, this ―faceless‖communication doesn‘t create problems. Identity doesn‘t really matter when you‘re in a chat room discussing politics or hobbies. In fact, this emphasis on the ideas themselves makes the Internet a great place for exciting conversation. Where else can so many people come together to chat about their interests?But some Internet users want more than just someone to chat with. They‘re looking for serious love relationships. Is cyberspace a good place to find love? That answer depends on whom you ask. Some of these relationships actually succeed. Others fail miserably.Supporters of online relationships claim that the Internet allows couples to get to know each other intellectually first. Personal appearance doesn‘t get in the way.But critics of online relationships argue that no one can truly know another person in cyberspace. Why? Because the Internet gives users a lot of control over how others view them. Internet users can carefully craft their words to fit whatever image they want to give. And they don‘t have to worry about what their ―faceless‖ communication is doing for their image. In a sense, they‘re not really themselves.All of this may be fine if the relationship stays in cyberspace. But not knowing a person is a big problem in a love relationship. With so many unknowns, it‘s easy to let one‘s imagination ―fill in the blanks.‖ This inevitably leads to disappointment when couples meet in person. How someone imagines an online friend is often quite different than the real person.So, before looking for love in cyberspace, remember the advice of Internet pioneer Clifford Stoll: ―Life in the real world is far richer than anything you‘ll find on a computer screen.‖(Note: Answer the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN TEN WORDS.)81. We learn about a person in cyberspace only through ______________________________.82. Why is the Internet a great place for exciting conversation?83. What makes online love relationship often fail?84. From the passage we can learn that the writer __________________________ looking forlove on the Internet.81. the thoughts they type / the words on a computer screen82. Because people focus on the ideas while talking. / Because it puts emphasis on the ideas themselves.83. Communicating with an imaginary person. / Not truly knowing a person.84. disagrees with / objects to / is against（奉贤）Culture shock is so named because of the effect it has on people when they enter a newculture. Experts have been interested in these effects and have agreed on five basic stages of culture shock. These stages are general and should only be used as a reference. Not every individual will go through each stage, and one stage may last longer than another for different individuals.The hardest thing for most travelers to deal with is the emotional ―roller coaster‖ they seem to be riding. One moment they feel very positive toward the new culture, and the next moment very negative. It seems common that international visitors and immigrants vacillate（犹豫不定）between loving and hating a new country. Feelings of separation and alienation can be intensified if they do not have a sense of fitting in or belonging.Fatigue is another problem people face when entering a new culture. There can be a sense of greater need for sleep. This is due not only to physical tiredness, but also to mental fatigue. This mental fatigue comes from straining to comprehend the language, and coping with new situation.The impact of culture shock can vary from person to person. There can be significant differences because some people may be better prepared to enter a new culture. Four factors which play into these are personality, language ability, length of stay, and the emotional support received.It is logical to think that when people are deprived of heir familiar surroundings they will feel disoriented. One solution some have found is to bring a few small reminders of home. Pictures, wall hangings, favorite utensils, and keepsake are all good candidates to make things feel more familiar. Another helpful activity is to establish little routines that become familiar over time. Even better is fitting things that were part of the regular routine back in the home country into the routine established in the new culture. This will make people feel more at home.(Note: Answer the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN TEN WORDS.)81. According to the 1st paragraph,what have experts been interested in?82. What are the two problems people face when entering a new culture?83. Coping with new situations may result in__________.84. The author thinks the more effective way to solve ―cultural shock‖ is__________.81. Culture shock‘s effects on people.82. Emotional ―roller coaster‖ and fatigue83. mental fatigue84. fitting some past regular routine into the new culture(虹口)From bankers to factory staff, employees in the west face the bleak prospect (暗淡的前景) of losing their jobs as a global recession (衰退) starts to bite. For colleagues in the East the painis more likely to come through a pay cut.Human resource experts say cultural differences explain why Asian firms try harder to keep jobs in difficult times, which will stop unemployment and may help keep Asian economies afloat at a time of slowing exports.The East Asian attitude may also make it easier for firms to recover quickly from the economic downturn since they will not need to rehire or train new staff, leaving some experts predicting Western shift to Eastern flexibility.―In the Confucian (儒家的) attitude, the right thing to do is to share the burden. There is the sense of collective responsibility whereas(然而) in the W est, it‘s more about the individual survival,‖ said Michael Benotlel, associate d professor of organizational behavior at Singapore Management University.Steven Pang, Asian Regional Director for Aquent, a headhunting firm, said in many East Asian companies there was a responsibility ― to take care of the members of the family and go through the pain together‖ even if that meant causing losses.US firms from General Motors to Goldman Sachs plan to lay off workers by the thousand. But at the Asian units of Western multinationals, job cuts will probably be less severe.Japan‘s jobless rate was 4 percent in September, up from 3.8 per cent in January, while Hong Kong‘s was flat at 3.4 percent. But US unemployment is expected to have jumped to 6.3 percent last month from below 5 percent in January.Experts say that while there are noticeable differences in labor practices in East and West, the gap will narrow as more firms become more multinational and competition forces firms to adopt the best practices of rivals (对手) from abroad.(Note: Answer the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN TEN WORDS.)81. What caused the different practices of Asian and Western firms facing the global recession?82. Why is it easier for the East Asian firms to recover quickly from the economic downturn?83. Firms in the west would lay off workers when facing a bleak prospect because of ______.84. ______ will make the differences in East and West less noticeable.81. The cultural differences between the East and the West.82. Because they needn‘t rehire or train new staff. / Because they won‘t / don‘t need to rehire ortrain new staff.83. the individual survival.84. More firms becoming more multinational and competition(黄浦、嘉定)All of us communicate with one another non-verbally, as well as with words. We gesture with eyebrows or a hand, meet someone else‘s eyes and look away, shift positions in a chair.These actions we assume are random and incidental. But researchers have discovered in recent years that there is a system to them almost as consistent and comprehensive as language.Every culture has its own body language, and children absorb its difference along with spoken language. A Frenchman talks and moves in French. The way an Englishman crosses his legs is nothing like the way a male American does it. In talking, with a future-tense verb, Americans often gesture with a forward movement.There are regional idioms too. An expert can sometimes pick out a native of Wisconsin just by the way he uses his eyebrows during conversation. Your sex, moral background, social class and personal style all influence your body language.Usually, the wordless communication acts to qualify the words. What the non-verbal elements express very often, and very efficiently, is the emotional side of the message. When a person feels liked or disliked, often it‘s a case of ―not what he said but the way he said it.‖ Psychologist Albert Mehrabian has come up with this formula: total impact of a message = 7% verbal + 38% gestural + 55% facial.Experts in kinesics – the study of communication through body movement – are not prepared to spell out a vocabulary or gestures. When an American rubs his nose, it may mean he is disagreeing with someone or rejecting something. But there are other possible interpretations, too. Another example: When a student in conversation with a professor holds the older man‘s eyes a little longer than is usual, it can be a sign of respect and affection; it can be a challenge to the professor‘s authority; or it can be something else entirely. The experts look for patterns in the context, not for an isolated meaningful gesture.(Note: Answer the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN TEN WORDS.)81．What idea does the author aim to convey in paragraph 2?82．Besides moral background, __________ are the other three factors affecting people‘s body language.83．F rom Albert‘s formula, we learn that the body language __________.84．What can you conclude from the examples given in paragraph 5?81. Every culture has its own body language.82. sex, social class and personal style83. plays a more(most) important role in communication84. The same body language / gesture has different meanings. /The same body language / gesture can be given several interpretations.(静安、杨浦、宝山、青浦)Frogs, toads and salamanders usually make us think of green, slimy little monsters. These monsters actually belong to a very special class of animals called the amphibians. Amphibians can live both on land and in the water. They commonly inhabit ponds, rivers, marshes and other wetlands.Today, amphibians are becoming extinct very quickly from all the six continents where they are found. More than 25 countries are reporting sharp drops in the populations of amphibians. In some places, embryos (胚胎) are dying; in others, adults are missing. Why are they dying off?Scientists blame human interference. Industrial waste and toxic gases given out by factories, manufacturing plants and cars are steadily poisoning the breeding grounds of amphibians. Chemicals such as sulphur dioxide rise high into the atmosphere and mix with rain. This makes the rain acidic and thus kills off delicate amphibian embryos.More rare species of amphibians are already gone. Costa Rica's Golden toads have not been seen since 1989. The Australian Gastric Brooding frogs are extinct. Leopard frog numbers are dropping in the Rocky Mountains. Leopard frogs live in the wetland regions in these areas. The wetlands are being drained to make way for highways, industry and new housing.Another threat to the amphibians is the increased ultraviolet radiation. Ultraviolet rays come from the sun and are extremely harmful to living things. They can cause skin cancer in humans. Luckily for us, ultraviolet rays are blocked by a thick layer of ozone above the earth's atmosphere. Ozone is a special kind of oxygen which absorbs ultraviolet radiation. Now, the ozone layer is being destroyed by chemicals called CFC's which are given off by factories. A hole in the ozone layer was discovered over Antar ctica in the late 1980‘s. As a result, more ultraviolet rays are reaching the earth and more amphibians are dying.Just as the emergence of new infectious diseases such as Bird Flu are a threat to human and animal populations across the world, amphibian species are also facing their most significant threat from a little understood disease. A chytrid fungus is understood to be of the major causes of frog death across the world.(Note: Answer the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN TWELVE WORDS)81. _____________________________________indicate that amphibians are dying out quickly.82. What‘s the destructive force of acid rain?_________________________________________________________________________.83. The ozone layer protects people by _____________________________________________.84. List at least two major factors that lead to the extinction of amphibians._________________________________________________________________________.81. The sharp drops in the populations of amphibians from over 25 countries82. It kills off delicate amphibian embryos.83. absorbing/ blocking the (harmful) ultraviolet radiation84. Human interference, increased ultraviolet radiation and new infectious diseases（闵行）High school dropouts (辍学者) earn an average of $9,000 less per year than graduates. Now a new study moves away a common belief why they quit. It‘s much more than failing in exams at school.Society tends to think of high school dropouts as kids who just can‘t cut it. They are lazy, and perhaps not too bright. So researchers were surprised when they asked more than 450 kids who quit school about why they left.―The vast majority actually had passing grades and they were confident that they could have graduated from high school.‖ John Bridgeland, the executive researcher said. About one million teens leave school each year. Only about half of African-American and Hispanic students will receive a diploma, and actually all dropouts come to regret their decision. So, if failing grades don‘t explain why these kids quit, what does? Again, John Bridgeland: ―The most dependable finding was that they were bored.‖ ―They found classes uninteresting; they weren‘t inspired or motivated. They didn‘t see any direct connection between what they were learning in th e classroom to their own lives, or to their career aspirations.‖The study found that most teens who do drop out wait until they turn sixteen, which happens to be the age at which most states allow students to quit. In the US, only one state, New Mexico, has a law requiring teenagers to stay in high school until they graduate. Only four states: California, Tennessee, Texas and Utah, plus the District of Columbia, require school attendance until age 18, no exceptions, another researcher, says raising the compulsory attendance age may be one way to keep more kids in school.―As these dropouts look back, they realize they‘ve made a mistake. And anything that sort of gives these people an extra push to stick it out and it through to the end, is probably helpful measure.‖New Hampshire may be the next state to raise its school attendance age to 18. But critics say that forcing the students unwilling to continue their studies to stay in school misses the point－the need for reform. It‘s been called for to reinvent high school education to make it more challenging and relevant, and to ensure that kids who do stick it out receive a diploma that actually means something.(Note: Answer the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN 10 WORDS) 81. What do people think of those who quit school?82. Many students quit school not because they cannot pass grades but because they find lessons_________________________.83. Why don‘t some students quit until they are sixteen?84. According to the passage, the more effective way to keep students from quitting is to_________________________.81. (They are) lazy and not bright.82. uninteresting and not relevant to real life/ having no direct connection with their lives83. Because that‘s the age to be allowed to quit. / Because that‘s the compulsory attendance agerequired by law.84. reform or reinvent high school education（浦东）Planting trees around poultry(家禽) farms can improve air and water quality – and relations with neighbors. Research has shown that just three rows of trees near poultry houses can reduce the release of dust and ammonia (氨). They can also reduce the strong smell of ammonia gas.The trees capture dust, ammonia and smells in their leaves. They can also reduce energy use. They also provide shade from the sun, so they reduce cooling costs in summer. And they act as a windbreak, so they reduce heating costs in winter. Trees can also improve water quality around farms by removing pollutions from soil and groundwater.Several years ago, people were objecting to the smell of poultry farms on the Delmarva Peninsula in the eastern United States. Delmarva is where the states of Delaware, Maryland and Virginia come together. Two thousand farms there can each house an average of seventy-five thousand chickens.Traditionally the farms used windows to provide fresh air in the chicken houses. Farmers rarely planted trees or tall crops around the buildings, so there would be no barrier to the airflow.But then in the 60s, farms began to use mechanical ventilation(通风) systems. Instead of windows, the mechanical systems used tunnel fans to circulate(使…循环) air. The fans directed airflow from the poultry houses toward the homes of neighbors.Researchers began dealing with the problem in 2000. They found that over a period of six years, planting three rows of trees reduced total dust and ammonia by more than half. And they found that smells were reduced by 18%.Farmers may think trees will take too long to grow and be effective. But some trees can grow quickly. At least one-third of the Delmarva farms have planted trees, technically known as vegetative environmental buffers. The idea offers a way to cut pollution, save money and energy, and make the neighbors happy.81. How did the mechanical ventilation system work?82.The number of chickens raised on the poultry farms in Delmarva is up to ____________________.83.The benefits of planting trees around poultry farms are __________________________________.84. What is the main topic of the passage?81. By using tunnel fans to circulate air82. 150 million83. cutting pollution, saving money and energy, and make the neighbors happy84. The benefits of planting trees around poultry farms（普陀）Parents and kids today dress alike, listen to the same music, and are friends. Is this a good thing? Sometimes, when Mr. Ballmer and his 16-year-old daughter, Elizabeth, listen to rock music together and talk about interests both enjoy, such as pop culture, he remembers his more distant relationship with his parents when he was a teenager.“I would never have said to my mom, ‗Hey, the new Weezer album is really great. How do you like it?‘‖ says Ballmer. ―There was just a complete gap in taste.‖Music was not the only gulf. From clothing and hairstyles to activities and expectations, earlier generations of parents and children often appeared to move in separate orbits.Today, the generation gap has not disappeared, but it is getting narrow in many families. Conversations on subjects such as sex and drugs would not have taken place a generation ago. Now they are comfortable and common. And parent—child activities, from shopping to sports, involve a feeling of trust and friendship that can continue into adulthood.No wonder greeting cards today carry the message, ―To my mother, my best friend.‖But family experts warn that the new equality can also result in less respect for parents. ―There‘s still a lot of strictness and authority on the part of parents out there, but there is a change happening,‖ says Kerrie, a psychology professor at Lebanon Valley College. ―In the middle of that change, there is a lot of confusion among parents.‖Family researchers offer a variety of reasons for these evolving roles and attitudes. They see the 1960s as a turning point. Great cultural changes led to more open communication and a more democratic process that encourages everyone to have a say.“My parents were on the ‗before‘ side of that change, but today‘s parents, the 40-year-olds, were on the ‗after‘ side,‖ explains Mr. Ballmer. ―It‘s not something easily accomplished by parents these days, because life is more difficult to understand or deal with, but sharing interests does make it more fun to be a parent now.‖(Note: Answer the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN TWELVE WORDS.)81. The underlined word ―gulf‖ in Para.3 most probably means ______________.82. How is the generation gap getting narrow today?_____________________________________________.83. What is the change in today‘s parent-child relationship?_________________________________________________84. The purpose of the passage is to ___________________________.81.distance82.Parents share more interests with their children.83. New equality between parents and children84.discuss the development of the parent—child relationship（徐汇、金山）When the Internet powerhouse Yahoo wanted to teachethics（道德标准）to its employees, it faced a challengefamiliar to multinational companies.Yahoo employs nearly 14,000 people at 25 sites worldwide. They would feel bored at sitting down in front of a dated video in which actors with 1980s haircuts tell them what to do. So it hired a company called The Network to design a game. In the game, the truck where Yahoo was founded traveled the world, turning into a boat and a helicopter along the way as it visited some of Yahoo‘s foreign offices. Participants play in game show-like scenarios（场景）that quiz them about conflicts of interest and doing business fairly. And employees note: Yahoo is tracking how well they do.Such activities draw more enthusiastic participation and teach more effectively than traditional methods. They are described as alternative-reality games (ARGs), involving both interactive and real-world elements. Besides teaching employees, ARGs have also been used in many areas for a number of different purposes.From a marketing perspective, a number of very successful ARGs have been written as a way to build product awareness. A very popular ARG called I Love Bees was produced to market the 2004 video game Halo 2. At its height, I Love Bees received between two to three million unique visitors over the course of three months.ARGs are more than just a fun way to learn. They have also been used to solve real world problems. An ARG called World Without Oil was created to obtain collective input from players about dealing with the world‘s dependency on oil.World without Oil simulates（模拟）the first 32 days of a global oil crisis and anybody could play by creating a personal story that recorded the imagined reality of their life in the crisis. World Without Oil‘s success on a small budget has opened the door for similar games to engage mainstream Internet users with climate change, education reform, governmental policy and other timely, vital issues.(Note: Answer the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN TEN WORDS.)81. What challenge did yahoo face in teaching ethics to its employees?82. In the game designed for yahoo, participants had to answer questions about ________.83. What are the three major functions of ARG mentioned in the passage?84. The success of World Without Oil suggests that ARGs can ________.81. （How to）draw more enthusiastic participation and teach more effectively.82. conflicts of interest and doing business fairly83. Teaching employees, building product awareness and solving real world problems.84. engage mainstream Internet users with more timely, vital issues（杨浦1.5）Do you know anyone who suffers from equinophobia, pluviophobia or leukophobia? Or, to put it another way, do you know anyone who is very afraid of horses, rain or the colour white? You probably don't, and yet these are recognized medical conditions, though very rare ones.According to many surveys, more than ten per cent of people in the United States have some kind of phobia (the word comes from the Greek phobós, meaning fear). There are, of course, dozens of different kinds, ranging from the obscure to the well known. The names of most of themhave been created by adding 'phobia' to a Greek or Latin root - a process that has turned into something of a word game, with people inventing names for conditions that perhaps exist only in theory (for example androidophobia, the fear of robots).True phobias consist of an intense fear that produces a very strong desire to avoid the object of that fear. Without specialist help they are very difficult to control and tend to disrupt the daily life of the sufferer.Phobias often originate from upsetting experiences earlier in life - for example an intense fear of dogs (cynophobia) often comes from having been bitten by one; In some cases, however, experts suggest phobias are to some extent evolutionary, arising not from personal experience but from inherited memory lying deep in our brains. Arachnophobia and ophidiophobia (the fear of snakes) are often suggested as examples: for our distant ancestors, who lived closer to nature than we do, fear of poisonous spiders and snakes would have served the useful evolutionary purpose of helping them avoid potentially fatal bites.A common technique for treating some phobias is that of 'progressive exposure' in which sufferers are encouraged by a therapist to gradually get closer to the object of their fear. The idea is that at each step the patient realizes nothing bad is happening to them, which should lead to their fear gradually decreasing. With someone who is terrified of spiders, for example, the therapist might start by showing them a picture of a spider, then introducing a real spider in a glass box and slowly moving the box closer to them, then finally having them hold the spider in the palm of their hand. Therapy of this kind is said to be very effective, although in this case perhaps not very enjoyable.(Note: Answer the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN EIGHT WORDS) 81. When we want to create a name to describe the condition of a person who has the fear of ice, the name is usually ended with _______________________________________.82. A sufferer of a true phobia usually desires strongly to _______________________________.83. What are the two possible reasons for different kinds of phobias?84. In the last paragraph, the writer gives an example of the treatment of someone who is terrified of spiders to illustrate the meaning or ________________________________________.81. phobia82. avoid the object of his fear83. Upsetting experiences earlier in life and inherited memory.84. progressive exposure（闸北）A commercial transaction, in its simplest form, involves a customer paying for goods or services. But these days, that is just the first step. Businesses want your opinion of them, too, and their requests for feedback now seem to come with every purchase.Prime reason for the trend is that software companies like SurveyGizmo and QuestionPro have made it possible for small companies to create customer surveys at a small part of the cost of traditional surveys. Out of desperate thirst to lock in customer loyalty, businesses of all sizes see surveys as a window into the emotional world of their customers which serve like a database that will offer guidance in that field.。

上海市十校2011—2012学年度高三第二学期考试英语试题第Ⅰ卷（共105分）I． Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers． At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said． The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once． After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard．1．A． At a car shop．B． At a garage．C． In a parking area ．D．In a car showroom．2．A． The meeting started earlier．B． His car was broken．C． He met with a traffic jam．D． He lost his way．3．A． Change his address．B． Mail some letters．C． Deliver some telegrams．D． Call the post office．4．A． He wrote it last semester．B． He’ll finish it in a few minutes．C． He never does assignment early．D． He isn’t going to write it．5．A． Boss and secretary．B． Coach and athlete．C． Doctor and patient．D． Teacher and student．6．A． 10:00．B． 10:10．C． 10:20．D． 10:30．7．A． It’s better than it used to be．B． It’s not as good as it was．C． It’s better than people say．D． It’s even worse than people say．8．A． Because she has walked a long distance．B． Because she was tired out．C． Because she is all wet．D． Because she is careless．9．A． Rewrite the paper．B． Ask he woman to do some typing．C． Read the newspaper again．D． Check the paper for mistakes．10．A． A rent increase．B． A bargain．C． A salary cut．D． A vacation trip．Section BDirections: In Section B, you will hear two short passages, and you will be asked two questions on each of the passages． The passages will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once． When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard．Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage．11．A． To buy a hearing-aid．B． To have a hearing-aid repaired．C． To get a pen and a piece of paper． D． To solve his own problem．12．A． He explained it in words．B． He made some gestures．C． He wrote it on a piece of paper．D． he drew a picture about it．13．A． He was deaf, but not dumb B． He was dumb, but not deaf．C． He was deaf and dumb．D． He has just had a throat operation．Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage．14．A． A restaurant host ．B． A tour guide．C． A history teacher ．D． A park attendant．15．A． A small restaurant．B． A revolutionary army．C． A famous commander．D． A historic tree．16．A． A heavy storm．B． Its old age．C． Attacks of insects．D． Too much rain．Section CDirections: In Section C, you will hear two longer conversations． The conversations will be read twice． After you hear each conversation, you are required to fill in the numbered blanks with the information you have heard． Write your answers on your answer sheet．Blanks 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation．Complete the form． Write ONE WORD for each answer．Tom’s activities in the spring semesterCourses taken by Tom: ___17____ and EnglishStudy plan: Study ___18___-timePlaces he tried to work at: Gas ___19____ and restaurantExpected job: ____20_____Blanks 21 through 24 are based on the following conversation．Complete the form． Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer．Who bought the pen as a birthday gift? ____21_____How much does the present cost? ____22_____What’s wrong with the point of the pen? ____23_________24_____ How will the shop inform the customer of the newpresent?II． Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: Beneath each of the following sentences there are four choices marked A, B, C and D． Choose the one answer that best completes the sentence．25．Western journalists claim to be loyal the truth only． But they never bothered to question the truthfulness of the Dalai Lama’s claims．A． to B． about C． with D． for26．We’re programmed to want more food, we won’t have a chance to eat tomorrow．A． even though B． just in case C． in which way D． in which case27．______I find someone______understands my dislike for the conventional driveway makes me eternally grateful．A． What; that B． When; who C． Who; that D． That; who 28．We hoped that the bird had found some friendly person, landed on his shoulder, ______．A． expected to love and care for B． expecting to love and care for C． expecting to be loved and cared for D． to expect to be loved and cared for 29．It is not until May, 2013 the online consultation comes to an end the draft will be officially in force．A． when; that B． that; thatC． that; when D． before; that30．—Please go on with your demonstration．—But where was I?—Well, you_____the two chemicals together．A． tried to mix B． were trying to mixC． were trying mixed D． had tried to mix31．In his lecture, the professor referred to the belief, in contrast to all other countries, ______the elderly are wise, ______is particularly dominant in the Chinese culture．A． that; one that B． that; that C． which, which D． that; one 32．Some people claim the rumor that some Egyptians are planning a 100,000 people anti-government protest．A． to overhear B． to have overheardC． having overheard D． to be overheard33．I was standing atop a North Carolina mountain, the afternoon sun______like golden lace through the trees．A． threaded B． threadingC． being threaded D． was threaded34．“The impact will only grow Iran’s leaders decide to change course and meet their international obligations,” US Secretary of State Clinton warned．A． in case that B． provided that C． unless D． until 35．—Are you going to the concert tonight?—I should have told you that I won’t, ______?A． haven’t you B． shouldn’t youC． are you D． will you36．Some people believe that they would be better off more adaptive activities in their leisure time, such as establishing relationships and teaching their children．A． doing B． to doC． having done D． to be doing37．“All is necessary for the triumph of the evil is good men do nothing．”Edmund Burke said．A． what; that B． that; whyC． what; when D． that; that38．To make it up to his unpleasant experiences in hospital, the man drank a little more______．A． than good health B． than was good for his healthC． than his health was D． than that his health was39．Since time began, it seems, people have been putting off______they______have done today, scolding themselves in the meantime．A． that, must B． that, shouldC． what, could D． what, would40．—What a beautiful girl your daughter is!—______．A． So she is and so are you B． So is she and so are youC． So she is and so you are D． So she is and so you areSection BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box． Each word can only be used once． Note that there is one word more than you need．A． best-selling B． influenced C． tragic D． canceled AB． in peaceAC． used to AD． given BC． focus BD． comeback C D． concentrationA year ago, at the annual pre-Grammy party, Whitney Houston, the great diva（女歌手）, walked on stage and closed the evening with a brilliant performance．Last Saturday, Houston was once again the 41 of the showcase before the Grammys, but her presence was a posthumous（死后的）one．Earlier that day, pop music’s former queen wa s found dead in her hotel room． She was 48．This, no doubt, is sad news to the whole music industry and her fans all over the world, __42__ what a legendary life and remarkable career that she once had．At her peak, Houston was the golden girl of the music world． From the mid-1980s to the late 1990s, she was one of the world’s 43 artists． She strongly impressed the audiences with effortless, powerful and peerless vocals．Besides multi-million record sales, Houston made countless hits such as The Greatest Love of All, I Have Nothing, and the mostly famous I Will Always Love You．She also 44 a generation of younger singers, from Christina Aguilera to Mariah Carey．But by the end of her career, it was a 45 fall for this superstar． Houston has been addicted to drugs． Her album sales plummeted and the hits stopped coming． Her once calm and peaceful image was shattered by a wild manner and unusual public appearances, and her once natural voice became rough and hoarse, unable to hit the high notes as she 46 ．“The biggest devil is me．I’m either my best friend or my worst enemy,” Houstontold the ABC in an interview in 2002．In 2009, Houston staged what seemed to be a successful 47 with the album I Look To You, which debuted on top of the charts．But hoarse voice, 48 concerts, and continuous illness–Houston’s comeback trail wasn’t smooth at all． In an interview with Oprah Winfrey in 2009, Houston confessed: “It （show business） is too much． So much to try to live up to, to try to be, and I wanted out．”Now that Houston has finally taken a break from all the chaos, may she rest 49 ．III． Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D． Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context．Sometimes people come into your life and you know right away that they were meant to be there, to serve some sort of 50 , teach you a lesson, or to help you figure out who you are or who you want to become． You 51 know who these people maybe （possibly your roommate, neighbor, co-worker, long lost friend, lover, or even a complete stranger）, but when you lock eyes with them, you know at that very moment they will affect your life in some 52 way．And sometimes things happen to you that may seem horrible, painful． and unfair at first, but __53__you find that without overcoming those obstacles you would have never realized your potential, strength, willpower, or heart．Everything happens for a reason． Nothing happens 54 or by means of good luck． Illness, injury, love, lost moments of true greatness and sheer stupidity all occur to test the limits of your soul． 55 these small tests whatever they may be, life would be like a smoothly paved, straight, flat road to nowhere． It would be safe and comfortable, but dull and utterly 56 ． The people you meet who affect your life, and the success and downfalls you experience, help to create who you are and who you become．Even the 57 experiences can be learned from． In fact, they are probably the most poignant and important ones． If someone hurts you, 58 you, or breaks your heart, forgive them, for they have helped you learn about trust and the importance of being cautious when you open your heart． If someone loves you, love them back 59 , not only because they love you, but because in a way, they are teaching you to love and how to open your 60 and eyes to things．Make every day count． 61 every moment and take from those moments everything that you possibly can for you may never be able to experience it again． Talk to people that you have never talked to before, and actually listen． Let yourself fall in love, break free, and set your sights high． Hold your head up because you have 62 right to． Tell yourself you are a great individual and believe in yourself, for if you don’t believe in yourself, it will be hard for others to believe in you． You can make of your life anything you wish． Create your own life and then go out and live it with absolutely no 63 ．Most importantly, if you LOVE someone, tell him or her, for you never know whattomorrow may have 64 ． And learn a lesson in life each day that you live．That’s the story of life．50．A． people B． purpose C． intention D． advantage 51．A． already B． sometimes C． should D． never 52．A． limited B． strange C． other D． profound 53．A． in reflection B． in reality C． in addition D． in a way 54．A． on purpose B． by any chance C． by accident D． on principle 55．A． Despite B． With C． For all D． Without 56．A． bored B． pointless C． undeserved D． meaningful 57．A． good B． different C． bad D． pleasant 58．A． betrays B． loves C． appreciates D． understands 59．A． in turn B． moderately C． unconditionally D． in a way 60．A． mouth B． mind C． heart D． emotion 61．A． Comprehend B． Appreciate C． Expect D． Evaluate 62．A． every B． each C． proper D． exact 63．A． ambition B． hatred C． belief D． regrets 64．A． in the future B． in stock C． in store D． in pursuit Section BDirections: Read the following three passages． Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements． For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D． Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read．（A）The rise of multinational corporations （跨国公司）, global marketing, new communications technologies, and shrinking cultural differences have led to an unparalleled increase in global public relations or PR．Surprisingly, since modern PR was largely an American invention, America’s relations is being threatened by PR efforts in other countries． Ten years ago, for example, the world’s top five public relations agencies were American-owned． In 1991, only one was． The British in particular are becoming more sophisticated and creative． A recent survey found that more than half of all British companies include PR as part of their corporate （公司的） planning activities, compared to about one-third of U．S． companies． It may not be long before London replaces New York as the capital of PR．Why is America lagging behind in the global PR race? First, Americans as a whole tend to be fairly provincial and take more of an interest in local affairs． Knowledge of world geography, for example, has never been strong in this country． Secondly, Americans lag behind their European and Asian counterparts （相对应的人） in knowing a second language． Less than 5 percent of Burson—Marshall’s U．S．employees know two languages． Ogilvy and Mather have about the same percentage． Conversely, some European firms have half or more of their employees fluent in a second language．Finally, people involved in PR abroad tend to keep a closer eye oninternational affairs． In the financial PR area, for instance, most Americans read the Wall Street Journal． Overseas, their counterparts read the Journal as well as the Financial Times of London and The Economist, publications not often read in this country．Perhaps the PR industry might take a lesson from Ted Turner of CNN （Cable News Network）． Turner recently announced that the word “foreign” would no longer be used on CNN news broadcasts． According to Turner, global communications have made the nations of the world so interdependent that there is no longer any such thing as foreign．65．Compared with the American PR personnel, what is/are an advantage（s） of the non-Americans involved in PR?A． They tend to be more internationally mindedB． They speak more and better foreign languages．C． They usually pay more attention to global financial situation．D． Both A and B．66．What is the immediate cause of the downfall of America’s public relations?A． The number of US public relations agencies had greatly decreased by 1991．B． Other countries have increased their efforts in public relations．C． On the global scale, cultural differences have significantly shrunk．D． The British companies are becoming especially sophisticated and creative in public relations．67．It could be inferred that the author of the passage is______．A． an American B． a BritonC． Ted Turner D． an Asian68．The underlined word “provincial”in paragraph 3 could possibly mean “”．A． strict in thinking B．like people from rural areasC． limited in outlook D． interested in geographical knowledge（B）There seems never to have been a civilization without toys, but when and how they developed is unknown． They probably came about just to give children something to do．In the ancient world, as is today, most boys played with some kinds of toys and most girls with another． In societies where social roles are rigidly determined, boys pattern their play after the activities of their fathers and girls after the tasks of their mothers． This is true because boys and girls are being prepared, even in play, to step into the roles and responsibilities of the adult world．What is remarkable about the history of toys is not so much how they changed over the centuries but how much they have remained the same． The changes have been mostly in terms of craftsmanship, mechanics, and technology． It is the universality of toys with regard to their development in all parts of the world and their persistence to the present that is amazing． In Egypt, the Americas, China, Japan and among the Arctic （北极的） peoples, generally the same kinds of toys appeared． Variations dependedon local customs and ways of life because toys imitate their surroundings． Nearly every civilization had dolls, little weapons, toy soldiers, tiny animals and vehicles．Because toys can be generally regarded as a kind of art form, they have not been subject to technological leaps that characterize inventions for adult use． The progress from the wheel to the oxcart to the automobile is a direct line of ascent （进步）． The progress from a rattle used by a baby in 3,000 BC to one used by an infant today, however, is not characterized by inventiveness． Each rattle is the product of the artistic tastes of the times and subject to the limitations of available materials．69．Which is a major factor leading to the different variations of toys?A． Scientific advances and technological progressB． Different local customs and lifestyles of different peoplesC． Craftsmanship, mechanics, and technologyD． The artistic tastes of the times and the limitations of available materials 70．Why do boys and girls play with different kinds of toys?A． Because they are intended for different social roles and responsibilities．B． Because boys like to invent and girls imitate．C． Because boys play with their fathers while girls their mothers．D． Because they will take up different jobs when they grow up．71．One amazing aspect about the “universality of toys” is______．A． They appeared all over the world almost at the same time in history．B． They have not changed except in craftsmanship, mechanics, and technology．C． Having existed for thousands of years, toys are still found all over the world today．D． They are a kind of art form, which has been promoted by inventiveness．（C）The popular college rankings focus primarily on prestige as measured by the SAT scores of incoming students and how many applicants are turned away． An initiative （措施）started last fall by the Obama administration could help families go beyond these limited, and far too easily exploited, indexes to learn quickly and easily how a college is compared with its competitors nationally on important criteria like graduation rates, what a degree actually costs and how much debt a student can expect to run up by graduation day．If the federal government makes it legally necessary to disclose this information in a clear and consistent（一贯的）way, as it should, families will be better able to make informed college choices． And this will help put pressure on colleges that perform poorly to improve．Critics may regard this initiative as an example of government overreach． But given that the federal government spends nearly $190 billion a year on higher education aid to students, it has a legitimate interest in making sure that the money flows to the schools that best meet their responsibilities to families and students．Congress has taken some steps to require greater transparency（透明）from colleges． The 1990 Student Right to Know Act, for example, required colleges and universities that receive federal aid to disclose graduation rates． And the 2008Higher Education Opportunity Act required schools to offer a way for consumers to determine actual costs after student aid is taken into account．But many colleges have done a poor job of obeying federal disclosure rules, and much of the available information is not in one place．The administration’s new efforts would enforce reporting requirements and provide some new tools．President Obama wants to expand campus-based aid to about $10 billion from the current $2．7 billion． He has proposed moving money away from colleges that fail to control tuition increases or provide good value to others that do a better job． That is a worthy idea in principle, but he will need strong data-based evidence to determine how colleges are doing．The transparency initiatives are a good place to start and should be embraced by both parties in Congress． If students and families, facing higher tuition and rising debt, are to make sound choices, they need more and better information．72．Why did the Obama administration start the initiative last fall?A． To require colleges to make their graduation rates known to the public．B． To help colleges perform better in the future．C． To help parents and students make better choices of colleges．D． To put more pressure on colleges that are not doing well enough．73．Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?A．Critics agree that the government should require colleges to obey the disclosure rules．B． Congress has approved and made the transparency initiatives a law．C． SAT scores alone do not determine one’s choice of college．D． Students and families find it very difficult to choose their ideal colleges now．74．A most suitable title for the passage could be______．A． Congress To Require Greater TransparencyB． What College Parents and Students Need to KnowC． What a Good College Is Measured ByD． Parents and Students Need to Make Wise Choices75．What attitude does the author hold towards the transparency initiative?A． supportive B． criticalC． indifferent D． not statedSection CDirections: Read the following text and choose the most suitable heading from A-F for each paragraph． There is one extra heading which you do not need．76． __________Lin（Jeremy Shu-How Lin）got to start for the Knicks because they had to start him． They had too many injuries． Baron Davis was gone． The other point guards were out． Carmelo Anthony was injured． Amare Stoudemire had to leave the team because of a family death． Lin could have squandered the opportunity and we would have never have noticed． But he made the most of it． You never know when opportunities are going to arise in life．Often, they’re wh en you least expect them． Make the most of them．Don’t waster them．77． __________Lin isn’t Michael Jordan or Kobe Bryant．He’s not a pure scorer．He’s a passer and distributor –who can also score very well．It didn’t work for him in Golden State or Houston –where he was before landing at the Knicks．But Mike D’Antoni’s system at the Knicks has been perfect for him to show off his strengths．You’ve got to do your best to understand what your strengths are and then ensure that you’re in a system （a job or organization or industry）that is a good fit for those strengths． Otherwise, people overlook the talents you bring to the table．78． __________You probably manage people at your own company today．Are you sure you don’t have a Jeremy Lin living among you now? How do you know that “Mike” couldn’t do amazing things if you gave him a new project to run with? How do you know “Sarah” isn’t the right person to take the open job in London that you’ve been talking over with your colleagues? We put people around us in boxes．He’s from Harvard．He’s Asian-American． Not sure he can play． How many assumptions have you made about talent around you? Don’t be like the General Managers in Golden State and Houston, and let talent slip through your fingers． With all their money, scouts（球探）, and testing, they didn’t have a clue what they had in their hands． Do you know what your people （or even yourself） are really capable of? Take off the blinders of assumptions you wear when you look at the world．79． __________If you one day are lucky enough to have newspapers want to put you on the cover in order to sell more, don’t let it get to your head．It’s been remarkable watching how humble Lin remains through all this media craze． It makes his teammates and fans love him that much more．80． __________Lin couldn’t have seized his opportunity if he hadn’t worked like crazy for years perfecting his skills． There are no short cuts to hard work． Success isa by product of that．If you’ve got a Tiger Mom who’s always pushed you towork hard, great． If not, let your conscience be your own Tiger Mom! Get up early, stay up late． Nobody gave Lin any free passes． Why should you get any? You can only control what you control and that means you’ve got to work harder than anyone else you know．Section DDirections: Read the passage carefully． Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words．Hidden deep in our subconscious is an idyllic（牧歌般的，田园诗式的）vision． We see ourselves on a long trip that spans the continent． We are traveling by train． Out the windows, we drink in the passing scene of cars on nearby highways, of children waving at a crossing, of cattle grazing on a distant hillside, of smoke pouring from a power plant, of row upon row of corn and wheat, of flatlands and valleys, of mountains and rolling hillsides, of city skylines and village halls． But uppermost in our minds is the final destination． On a certain day at a certain hour, we will pull into the station． Bands will be playing and flags waving． Once we get there, so many wonderful dreams will come true and the pieces of our lives will fit together like a completed jigsaw puzzle． How restlessly we pace the aisles, damning the minutes for hanging around—waiting, waiting, waiting for the station．“When we reach the station, that will be it!” we cry．“When I’m 18．”; “When I buy a new 450SL Mercedes Benz!”; “When I put the last kid through college．”; “When I paid off the mortgage!”; “When I get a promotion．”; “When I reach the age of retirement, I shall live happily ever after!” Sooner or later, we must realize there is no station, no one place to arrive at once and for all． The true joy of life is the trip． The station is only a dream． It constantly outdistances us．“Relish（享受）the moment” is a good motto, especially when coupled with Psalm 180: 24: “This is the day which the Lord hath made; we will rejoice and be glad in it．” It isn’t the burdens of today that drive men mad, it is the regrets over yesterday and fear of tomorrow． Regret and fear are twin thieves who rob us of today．So stop pacing the aisles and counting the miles． Instead, climb more mountains, eat more ice cream, go barefoot more often, swim more rivers, watch more sunsets, laugh more, cry less． Life must be lived as we go along． The station will come soon enough．（Note: Answer the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN TWELVE WORDS．）81． What does the author of this passage compare life to?______________________________________________________________________________．82．Hidden in the uppermost part of our minds is_______________________________________．83．Life is made dull and boring by________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________．84． According to the author, what is the true meaning of life?______________________________________________________________________________．第Ⅱ卷（共45分）I． TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets．1．她把毕生奉献于教育。

2012届高三英语上册第二次联考试题(含答案)2011-2012学年第一学期“六校协作体”高三第二次联考试题英语本试卷共10页，四大题，满分135分。

考试用时120分钟。

注意事项： 1. 答卷前，考生务必用黑色字迹的钢笔或签字笔将自己的姓名和考生号、试室号、座位号填写在答题卡上，并用2B铅笔在答题卡上的相应位置填涂考生号。

用2B铅笔将试卷类型（A）填涂在答题卡相应位置上。

2. 选择题每小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目选项的答案信息点涂黑，如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案，答案不能答在试卷上。

3. 非选择题必须用黑色字迹钢笔或签字笔作答，答案必须写在答题卡各题目指定区域内相应位置上；如需改动，先划掉原来的答案，然后再写上新的答案；不准使用铅笔和涂改液。

不按以上要求作答的答案无效。

I 语言知识及应用 (共两节，满分45分) 第一节完形填空 (共15小题，每小题2分，满分30分) 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从1―15各题所给的A、B、C和D项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

Get Yourself Lost Travelers to new cities are often told to start their trip with a bus tour. The thinking is that they can then ____1____ to the places that interested them. Nonsense! What you see from the____2____ of a moving bus is unreal and completely removed from the authentic sights, sounds and____3____ outside. Be adventurous! The best way to experience any place is ____4____ and with absolutely no travel ____5____. Simply go wherever your feet and your ____6____ lead you. You eventually will get to the same sites that are on the bus tour - the museums, the monuments city hall- but will have ____7____ much more. You will have felt the contemporary life of the city. “But what if I get lost?” People might ask. No one gets____8____ lost in a major city. Eventually, you can find your way back to a well-known location. If it frightens you to be “lost”, just find a taxi and go back to where you____9____. However, the nicest things can happen if you get lost. You stopat a sidewalk café to ____10____ and relax. You ask instructions of the local people at the ____11____ table. And even if they don’t speak your language, your trip becomes more ____12____ because of the experience. So next time you see a poster advertising an introductory bus tour, ____13____ your money. Instead, wander on your own. I ____15____ you a time you’ll remember with great pleasure. 1. A. return B. come C. walk D. drive 2. A. backside B. inside C. outlook D. outlet 3. A. grasses B. flowers C. smells D. feelings 4. A. by car B. on foot C. by bike D. by plane 5. A. plan B. map C. money D. ticket 6. A. nose B. mouth C. habits D. interests 7. A. observed B. touched C. seen D. watched 8. A. uncertainly B. unluckily C. carelessly D. hopelessly 9. A. started B. went C. enjoyed D. left 10. A. talk B. stop C. laugh D. sit 11. A. next B. window C. front D. back 12. A. forgettable B. memorable C. reasonable D. acceptable 13. A. get B. spend C. save D. Waste 14. A.However B.So C.Instead D.Take it easy 15. A. wish B. give C. hope D. promise第二节语法填空 (共10小题，每小题1.5分，满分15分) 阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，在空格处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空，并将答案填写在答题卡标号为16―25的相应位置上。

2012届上海市高三二模英语试卷——完形填空（崇明）It’s hardly surprising that weather is a favorite topic for so many people around the world. It 50 where we choose to live, what we wear, our moods, and perhaps even our national features. A sunny day can lessen the deepest 51 , while very bad weather can destroy homes and threaten lives.The human race has always tried to 52 the weather, especially in areas of the world where there are many changes. Two popular traditional ways of predicting weather use pine cones(松果) and seaweed(海草). When the air has a high level of humidity(湿度), there is a higher chance of rain. When the humidity is low, there is more chance of 53 weather. Pine cones and seaweed feels dry when the humidity is low, 54 high humidity has the opposite effect.Today’s methods of prediction increasingly depend on 55 . Satellites, balloons, ships, aircraft and weather centers with 56 equipments send data to computers. The data is then 57 , and the weather is predicted. However, 58 this system can not predict weather for longer than about a week.A recent study by an Australian scientist suggests that certain people may have a special 59 for predicting weather. However, it is 60 that these people could use their talent in another way, since the same group had a lot of success in predicting changes in another system—the stock market.It 61 that a study of weather may also enable scientists to predict the sudden 62 of a disease. An Ebola epidemic (a kind of disease) in Uganda in the year 2000 came after the same rare 63 conditions that had been present before a sudden spread of the disease 6 years earlier. Efforts to 64 the spread of air-borne diseases such as foot and mouth are also strongly dependent on favorable wind conditions.50. A. shows B. affects C. predicts D. introduces51. A. enjoyment B. sadness C. excitement D. laziness52. A. guess B. use C. change D. improve53. A. windy B. bad C. fine D. cold54. A. when B. while C. although D. as55. A. industry B. intelligence C. technology D. people56. A. monitoring B. predicting C. shaping D. moving57. A. used B. processed C. taught D. answered58. A. also B. still C. only D. even59. A. gift B. concern C. application D. liking60. A. necessary B. easy C. unique D. possible61. A. happens B. occurs C. appears D. estimates62. A. start B. shift C. cure D. crash63. A. living B. working C. health D. weather64. A. encourage B. quicken C. limit D. shorten50. B 51. B 52. A 53. C 54. B 55. C 56. A 57. B 58. D 59. A 60. D 61. C 62. A 63. D 64. C（奉贤）Is language, like food, a basic human need without which a child at a critical period of life can be 50 and damaged? Judging from an experiment in the thirteenth century, it may be. Hoping to discover what language a child would speak if a baby heard no mother 51 , the experimenter told the nurses to keep silent.All the 52 died before the first year. But clearly there was more than lack of language here. What was missing was good mothering. Without good mothering, in the first year of life53 , the capacity to survive is seriously affected.Today no such severe lack exists as that ordered by the experimenter. 54 , some children are still backward in speaking. Most often the reason for this is that the mother is 55 to the signals of the infant, whose brain is programmed to learn language rapidly. If these sensitive periods are neglected, the ideal time for 56 skills passes and they might never be learned so easily again. A bird learns to sing and to fly rapidly at right time, but the process is slow and hard once the 57 stage has passed.Experts suggest that speech stages are reached in a fixed sequence and at a 58 age, but there are cases where speech has started 59 in a child who eventually turns out to be of high IQ. At twelve weeks a baby smiles and makes vowel-like sounds; at twelve months he can speak simple words and understand simple 60 ; at eighteen months he has a vocabulary of three to fifty words. At three he knows about 1,000 words which he can put into sentences, and at four his language differs from that of his parents in style 61 grammar.Recent evidence suggests that an infant is born with the 62 to speak. What is special about man’s brain, compared with that of the monkey, is the complex syst em which enables a child to 63 the sight and feel of, say, a toy-bear with the sound pattern “toy –bear”. And even more 64 is the young brain’s ability to pick out an order in language from the mixture of sound around him, to analyse, to combine and recombine the parts of a language in new ways.50.A. constructed B. starved C. spoiled D. exhausted51.A. sound B. singing C. educating D. tongue52.A. parents B. care-takers C. infants D. investigators53.A. randomly B. originally C. greatly D. especially54.A. Consequently B. Nevertheless C. Theoretically D. Fortunately55.A. unfamiliar B. inaccessible C. insensitive D. unaccustomed56.A. acquiring B. practising C. occupying D. seizing57.A. critical B. temporary C. contemporary D. reasonable58.A. pleasing B. troublesome C. flexible D. constant59.A. last B. late C. early D. lately60.A. commands B. necessities C. resolutions D. directions61.A. or rather B. or else C. other than D. rather than62.A. inspiration B. passion C. creativity D. capacity63.A. justify B. connect C. oblige D. devote64.A. unpredictable B. unbelievable C. uncountable D. unbearable 50—54 BDCDB 55—59 CAADB 60—64 ADDBB(虹口)The past 20 years have produced great advances in technology and communications. 50, people throughout the world have become ever more connected. The 51link between the nations and people of the world is called globalization. It is a 52that has changed ways of life around the world.Perhaps the biggest change in this process is the effect of globalization on commerce. In an effort to build a 53economy, most nations of the world have embraced(拥抱) free trade. Free trade removes certain limits imposed (强加) on global commerce to make it easier for nations to exchange goods with one another. A 54aim of this process is to aid poor nations and thus reduce 55. Globalization has indeed increased trade throughout the world, but experts disagree about its effect on the poor.The debate about recent trends in global commerce is complex. Those 56free trade in the global market point out that competition lowers prices. Its critics argue that, without controls, such a system often harms poor nations. To some extent, both are 57. For example, in Jamaica, a country which imported milk from the United States and the 58milk was cheaper than local milk, more poor people could drink milk and improve their nutrition. At the same time, the cheaper milk put 59dairy farmers out of business. Perhaps this program caused as much harm as 60 .Those who support free trade in the global market do so for a number of reasons. Studies show that when a poor nation begins trading on the global level, it gains certain 61. Its economy grows rapidly. Multinational companies set up factories, 62jobs for people. Supporters claim that these factors reduce poverty and lessen the gap between the richest and poorest nations. They believe that the globalizing trend benefits the poor.Critics of unrestricted free trade question these conclusions. Although they 63that the global market can offer growth and jobs to poor nations, they doubt that it reduces poverty. In fact, they cite(引述) studies which show that poverty has increased as a result of the global market.64, the gap between rich and poor nations is growing.Regardless of which side they are on, most experts believe that globalization has great potential to aid the poor. Both sides need to find a way to make it work.50. A. In conclusion B. In particular C. As a result D. On the contrary51. A. growing B. starting C. moving D. reducing52. A. culture B. trend C. belief D. potential53. A. regional B. national C. practical D. global54. A. steadier B. further C. tougher D. stricter55. A. profit B. conflict C. poverty D. expense56. A. attracting B. altering C. opposing D. supporting57. A. correct B. inevitable C. necessary D. effective58. A. required B. produced C. imported D. exported59. A. economical B. local C. traditional D. social60. A. sacrifice B. satisfaction C. convenience D. good61. A. benefits B. varieties C. opportunities D. budgets62. A. influencing B. arranging C. providing D. applying63. A. ensure B. assume C. argue D. agree64. A. In addition B. First of all C. In that case D. On average50-64: CABDB CDACB DACDA(黄浦、嘉定)When I became an amputee at age 29, I was forced to rethink the idea of physical perfection. My life became different, as I changed from an acceptably attractive woman to an object of pity and __50__.Too busy __51__ physical pain and obvious mobility limitation, I was not aware of this change at first. I was determined to __52__, feeling good about the progress I had made, as I moved forward.__53__, as I made my first excursion outside the hospital, society had already assigned me a new status. Happy to be free of my restriction in the hospital, I rolled through the shopping mall – a __54__ survivor, feeling like a war hero. Unfortunately, I had a rude __55__ as I discovered that others did not view me in the way I had come to view myself.All eyes were upon me, yet no one dared to make eye contact. Their efforts to __56__ my eyes forced me to realize they saw only my missing legs. Mothers __57__ held their children closer as I passed. Elderly women patted me on the head saying, “God Bless You!” with __58__ in their eyes.While I sat thinking about what had happened, a small girl came up to me. She stared with unembarrassed __59__ at the empty pants. Finding nothing there, she looked up at me with a puzzled look, she innocently asked, “Lady, where did your legs go?”I explained that my legs had been sick. Since my legs hadn’t been strong and healthy like hers, the doctors had to __60__ them. Leaning her head upwards, she asked, “Did they go to ‘Leg Heaven’?”That incident made me think about how __61__ children and adults react to the unknown. To a child, an odd appearance is an interesting curiosity and a __62__ learning experience while adults often view the same thing with fear and horror. I began to realize that, I, too had been __63__ of the same inappropriate reactions before I knew what life was like for an amputee.To fulfill the wholeness of my mind and spirit, I now smile warmly, make eye contact, and speak in a confident manner. By using a __64__ approach, I attempt to enlighten society about the fact that having a not-so-perfect body doesn’t mean having a poor quality of life.50. A. comfort B. fear C. hatred D. sadness51. A. crying with B. figuring out C. holding back D. dealing with52. A. endure B. quit C. revenge D. succeed53. A. Instead B. Moreover C. However D. Therefore54. A. calm B. poor C. proud D. rare55. A. awakening B. ending C. happening D. proceeding56. A. turn B. hold C. catch D. avoid57. A. softly B. protectively C. reluctantly D. pleasantly58. A. pity B. anger C. depression D. upset59. A. curiosity B. determination C. enthusiasm D.satisfaction60. A. lose B. adjust C. remove D. stretch61. A. differently B. positively C. strangely D. sympathetically62. A. painful B. potential C. similar D. common63. A. conscious B. guilty C. ignorant D. short64. A. creative B. flexible C. positive D. scientific50—54 BDDCC 55—59 ADBAA 60—64 CABBC（静安、杨浦、宝山、青浦）During the initial stages of instructed L2 (the second language) acquisition students learn a couple thousand, mainly high frequency words. Functional language proficiency, however, __50__ mastery of a considerably large number of words. It is therefore __51__ at the intermediate and advanced stages of language acquisition to learn a large vocabulary in a short period of time. There is not enough time to __52__ the natural (largely incidental) L1 (the first language) word acquisition process. Incidental acquisition of the words is only possible up to a point, __53__, on account oftheir low frequency, they do not __54__ often enough in the L2 learning material.Acquisition of new words from authentic L2 reading texts by means of strategies such as contextual deduction(演绎) is also not a __55__ for a number of reasons. There appears to be no __56__to intentional learning of a great many new words in a relatively short period of time. The words to be learned may be __57__ in isolation or in context. Presentation in bilingual（双语的）word lists seems an __58__ shortcut because it takes less time than contextual presentation and yields excellent short term results. Long term memory, __59__, is often disappointing so contextual presentation seems advisable.Any suggestions on how to use this in educational contexts should be based on a systematic __60__ of the two most important aspects of the L2 word learning problem, this is to say, selecting the relevant vocabulary (which and how many words) and creating the best conditions for the acquisition process. This article sets out to __61__a computer assisted word acquisition programme (CAVOCA) which tries to do exactly this: the programme operationalises current theoretical thinking about word acquisition, and its __62__ are based on a systematic list of the vocabulary relevant for the target group. To __63__its frequency, the programme was __64__ in a number of experimental settings with a paired associated method of learning new words. The experimental results suggest that an approach combining the two methods is most advisable.50. A. inquires B. requires C. receives D. inspires51. A. difficult B. easy C. possible D. necessary52. A. copy B. focus C. find D. clean53. A. however B. moreover C. because D. nevertheless54. A. disturb B. seem C. occur D. disappear55. A. solution B. approach C. problem D. wonder56. A. official B. annual C. objective D. alternative57. A. predicted B. presented C. postponed D. preferred58. A. available B. outstanding C. attractive D. evident59. A. by means of B. moreover C. in spite of D. however60. A. focus B. analysis C. object D. target61. A. describe B. grasp C. link D. force62. A. conclusions B. appointments C. aspects D. contents63. A. react B. establish C. memorize D. leave64. A. enhanced B. invented C. contrasted D. behaved50—54 BDACC 55—59 ADBCD 60—64 BADBC（闵行）In business, there is a speed difference: It’s the difference between how important a firm’s leaders say speed is to their competitive strategy (策略) and how fast the company actually moves. The difference is important 50 industry and company size. Companies fearful of losing their competitive advantage spend much time and money looking for ways to pick up the 51 .In our study of 343 businesses, the companies that chose to go, go, go to try to gain an edge ended with lower sales and operating income than those that 52 at key moments to makesure they were on the right 53 . What’s more, the firms that “slowed down to54 ”improved their top and bottom lines, averaging 40% higher sales and 52% higher operating income over a three-year period.How did they 55 the laws of business, taking more time than competitors yet performing better? They thought 56 about what “slower” and “faster” mean. Firms sometimes 57 to understand the difference between operation speed (moving quickly) and strategic speed (reducing the time it takes to deliver value). Simply increasing the speed of production, for example, may be one way to try to reduce the speed difference. But that often leads to reduced value over time, in the form of lower-quality products and services.In our study, higher performing companies with strategic speed always made changes when it is 58 . They became more 59 to idea and discussion. They encouraged new ways of thinking. And they allowed time to look and learn. 60 , performance suffered at firms that moved fast all the time, paid too much attention to improving 61 , stuck to tested methods, didn’t develop team spirit among their employees, and had little time thinking about 62 .Strategic speed 63 a kind of leadership. Teams that 64 take time to get things right are more successful in meeting their business goals. That kind of strategy must come from the top.50. A. according to B. regardless of C. due to D. instead of51. A. profit B. product C. speed D. method52. A. paused B. developed C. persevered D. engaged53. A. situation B. track C. occasion D. duty54. A. look on B. keep up C. hold back D. speed up55. A. learn B. discover C. disobey D. prefer56. A. strangely B. abstractly C. entirely D. differently57. A. fail B. attempt C. pretend D. desire58. A. convenient B. necessary C. emergent D. incredible59. A. alert B. restless C. open D. specific60. A. In short B. By contrast C. Above all D. All in all61. A. welfare B. technology C. efficiency D. condition62. A. qualities B. standards C. competitors D. changes63. A. serves as B. stands for C. refers to D. deals with64. A. temporarily B. extensively C. naturally D. regularly50. B 51. C 52. A 53. B 54. D 55. C 56. D 57. A 58. B 59. C 60. B 61. C 62. D 63. A 64. D(浦东)We must face the fact that there are many aspects of the information age. All information makes us anxious. Over some of these, we have little or no control. On the other hand, there are steps we can take to eliminate much of 50 . We might say, then, that survival in the information age is a challenging yet 51 task.To some extent, we are all receivers and givers of information. Our brain, however, receives and processes information in different ways. One way involves the amazing capacity of the brain to process information subconsciously.Another way involves 52 processing of information such as during conversation. Wehave a great deal of control over this type of information processing --- both as givers and receivers. If we indulge (任凭) ourselves talking about tiny things or even harmful information, valuable time and 53 can be wasted. Meanwhile this can make us and others anxious. You may lose opportunities to absorb and distribute information that is truly useful for 54 in this troubled world.Information gathered by reading is processed consciously and 55 takes longest. The written word is still the most powerful way of 56 imagination and conveying information, ideas, and concept.How can we 57 so much information from various sources, such as reading material, TV program, computer games, and other 58 activities? The answer is screening. Screening, sorting out or prioritizing what we need to hear, see, say or read may 59 much information anxiety.To cut through confusing information, 60 this basic rule: Keep it simple! The secret to processing information is narrowing your 61 of information. Simplicity is 62 in many Asian cultures and is even recognized in Western cultures as a superior way of living. Writer Duane Elgin 63 , “To live more simp ly is to live more purposefully and with a 64 of needless distraction.”50. A. anxiety B. trouble C. interest D. curiosity51. A. donating B. accomplishing C. rewarding D. searching52. A. sensitive B. conscious C. unconscious D. reasonable53. A. health B. wealth C. power D. energy54. A. expanding B. surviving C. stretching D. bearing55. A. hence B. however C. still D. yet56. A. cooperating B. finding C. stimulating D. removing57. A. think of B. deal with C. do with D. rule over58. A. considerate B. professional C. humorous D. recreational59. A. get rid of B. bring about C. break into D. come to60. A. catch B. apply C. abandon D. offer61. A. rank B. limit C. field D. lane62. A. received B. supplied C. labeled D. recommended63. A. opposed B. stated C. declined D. offered64. A. minimum B. maximum C. quantity D. presence50--64. ACBDB ACBDA BCDBA（普陀）One student skipped class and then sent the professor an e-mail（50）______for copies of her teaching notes.Another（51）______that she was late for a Monday class because she was recovering from drinking too much at a wild weekend party.At colleges and universities in the US, e-mail has made professors more approachable(平易近人).But many say it has made them too accessible,（52）______boundaries that traditionally kept students at a healthy distance.These days, professors say, students seem to view them as available（53）______the clock, sending a steady stream of informal e-mails.“The tone that they take in e-mails is pretty astounding(令人吃惊的),”said Michael Kessler, an assistant dean at Georgetown University.“They’ll（54）______you to help:‘I need to know this.’”“There’s a fine（55）______between meeting their needs and at the same time maintaining a level of legitimacy(正统性)as an （56）______who is in charge.”Christopher Dede, a professor at the Harvard Graduate School of Education, said（57）______show that students no longer defer to(听从)their professors, perhaps because they realize that professors’（58）______could rapidly become outdated.“The deference (听从)was driven by the （59）______that professors were all-knowing sources of deep knowledge,”Dede said, and that notion has（60）______.For junior faculty members(全体教师),e-mails bring new tension into their work, some say, as they struggle with how to（61）______.Their job prospects, they realize, may rest in part on(依赖) student evaluations of their accessibility.College students say e-mail makes（62）______easier to ask questions and helps them learn. But they seem unaware that what they write in e-mails could have negative effects（63）______them, said Alexandra Lahav, and associate professor of Law at the University of Connecticut. She recalled an e-mail message from a student saying that he planned to miss class so he could play with his son. Professor Lahav did not respond.“Such e-mails can have consequences,”she said. “Students don’t understand that （64）______they say in e-mail can make them seem unprofessional, and could result in a bad recommendation.”50. A. providing B. offering C. supplying D. asking51. A. complained B. argued C. explained D. believed52. A. removing B. moving C. putting D. placing53. A. about B. around C. at D. from54. A. control B. shout C. order D. make55. A. requirement B. contradiction C. tension D. balance56. A. teacher B. instructor C. lecturer D. professor57. A. e-mails B. passages C. texts D. books58. A. technology B. expertise C. science D. imagination59. A. tradition B. sense C. notion D. meaning60. A. strengthened B. weakened C. reinforced D. consolidated61. A. ask B. question C. respond D. request62. A. him B. her C. you D. it63. A. on B. against C. in D. about64. A. this B. which C. that D. what50---64 DCABC DBABC BCDA D（徐汇、金山）Today, there are many avenues open to those who wish to continue their education. However, nearly all require some __(50)__ in one’s career in order to attend school full time. Part-time education, that is, attending school at night or for one weekend a month, tends to drag the __(51)__out over time and puts the completion of a degree program out of reach of many people. __(52)__, such programs require a fixed time commitment which can also impact __(53)__ on one’s career and family time.Of the many __(54)__ to teaching and learning, however, perhaps the most flexible and accommodating is that called distance learning. Distance learning is an educational method, which allows the students the __(55)__ to study at his or her own pace to achieve the __(56)__ goals, which are so necessary in today’s world. The time required to study may be set aside at the student’s convenience with due __(57)__ to all life’s other requirements. Besides, the s tudent may __(58)__ in distance learning courses from virtually any place in the world, while continuing to pursue their chosen career. Tutorial assistance may be __(59)__through regular airmail, telephone, fax machine, teleconferencing and over the Internet.Good distance learning programs are characterized by the inclusion of a subject __(60)__ tool with every subject. This precludes（排除）the requirement for a student to travel away from home to take a test. Another characteristic of a good distance-learning program is the __(61)__ of the distance-learning course with the same subject materials as those students taking the course on the home campus. The resultant diploma or degree should also be the same whether distance learning or on-campus study is employed.In the final analysis, a good distance learning program has a place not only for the __(62)__ students but also the corporation or business that wants to work in partnership with their employees for the educational benefit, professional development, and business growth of the organization. __(63)__ distance learning programs for their employees gives the business the advantage of retaining（保留）career-minded people while __(64)__to their personal and professional growth through education.50. A. experience B. break C. interest D. change51. A. process B. progress C. property D. possibility52. A. Surprisingly B. Additionally C. Fortunately D. Traditionally53. A. appropriately B. reasonably C. negatively D. favorably54. A. complaints B. attitudes C. difficulties D. approaches55. A. individuality B. responsibility C. flexibility D. visibility56. A. professional B. academic C. relevant D. separate57. A. desire B. ability C. regard D. account58. A. enroll B. evolve C. enclose D. emerge59. A. adequate B. vacant C. available D. reliable60. A. registration B. participation C. investigation D. evaluation61. A. demonstration B. equivalence C. combination D. qualification62. A. distinguished B. outstanding C. independent D. individual63. A. Sponsoring B. Requiring C. Indicating D. Protesting64. A. objecting B. responding C. contributing D. addingSection A 50-54 BABCD 55-59 CBCAC 60-64 DBDAC（杨浦1.5）The Human Development Report, published annually since 1990, seeks to 50 "human development" around the world and calculates a "Human Development Index" (HDI人类发展指数) for 169 countries. The HDI is 51 on average income, life expectancy, and level of education.52 , rich countries tend to have higher HDIs than poor countries, but there are interesting 53 in human development among countries with similar levels of economic development, becausesome have better health and education systems than others!Almost every country in the world has a higher HDI than in 1990, despite the fact that since the 2008 financial crisis the total number of people living in extreme 54 has increased. The report Concludes that most people are healthier, live longer, are more 55 , — and that even in countries with severe economic problems, people's health and education have generally 56 . Although sub-Saharan African countries are at the bottom of the pile 57 human development, some of them have made significant progress since 1990. The report is 58 , however, of the fact that economic inequality has increased significantly in the last twenty years, both within and between countries.The greatest threat to HDI in the future, according to the report, is climate change. The way to increase average income in a country is through economic growth, which means increased production and 59 . However, if this 60 to greater emissions (排放) of greenhouse gases, as has always been the case in the past, global warming will probably go faster, causing severe environmental problems in some parts of the world that will 61 the livelihoods of huge numbers of people. The progress of the last twenty years, 62 , might not be sustainable (可持续的).The only solution, according to the report, is to break the 63 between economic growth and greenhouse gas emissions — which, 64 to say, is easier said than done.50. A. judge B. investigate C. assess D. justify51. A. based B. focused C. keen D. reflected52. A. Unexpectedly B. Unwillingly C. Unfortunately D. Unsurprisingly53. A. variations B. experiments C. signs D. mixtures54. A. cruelty B. poverty C. emotion D. terror55. A. talented B. disadvantaged C. determined D. educated56. A. infected B. ignored C. improved D. impressed57. A. to the extent of B. on account of C. for the sake of D. in terms of58. A. critical B. proud C. fond D. independent59. A. administration B. consumption C. application D. concentration60. A. objects B. sticks C. leads D. turns61. A. threaten B. maintain C. concern D. guarantee62. A. therefore B. however C. otherwise D. nevertheless63. A. gap B. record C. law D. link64. A. fearless B. needless C. careless D. hopelessCloze50-64 CADAB DCDAB CAADB（闸北）Each stage of life has different major demands mainly because our needs change. As children, a period of deep uncertainty and sensitivity, 50 and family are the top needs although we may not think of them in those terms. As teenagers, we are 51 the waters of adult life, preparing ourselves for the exciting unknown and as young adults we search for a 52 . The drive to fulfil each stage is so strong that sometimes we have to hold the breath to 53 .At each stage, although everyone may 54 in dreams, we will all try to take hold of the means to achieve our particular dreams. Some will be driven with almost tunnel vision, others take。