2015同等学力英语真题答案

2021年同等学力申硕学位英语考试历年真题详解2021年同等学力人员申请硕士学位英语水平全国统一考试题库【历年真题（视频讲解）＋章节题库＋模拟试题】题库目录•第一部分历年真题[视频讲解]•2019年同等学力英语真题及详解•2018年同等学力英语真题及详解•2017年同等学力英语真题及详解[视频讲解]•2016年同等学力英语真题及详解[视频讲解]•2015年同等学力英语真题及详解[视频讲解]•2014年同等学力英语真题及详解[视频讲解]•2013年同等学力英语真题及详解[视频讲解]•第二部分章节题库•第一章口语交际•◇完成对话•◇完成访谈或问答•第二章词汇•◇选择替换•◇选择填空•第三章阅读理解A节（多项选择）•◇教育文化类•◇科普科技类•◇商业经济类•◇家庭情感类•◇生态环境类•◇医疗健康类•◇艺术文学类•◇政治法律类•◇社会生活类•◇社会问题类•◇其他•第四章阅读理解B节（两种备选题型）•◇多项选择•◇选择搭配•第五章完形填空•◇教育文化类•◇科普科技类•◇经济管理类•◇人物记述类•◇生态环境类•◇政治法律类•◇社会生活类•◇社会问题类•◇其他•第六章短文完成•第六章短文完成•第七章英译汉•◇经济类•◇文化类•◇环保类•◇科技类•◇旅游类•◇社会热点类•◇文学类•◇其他•第八章写作•◇提纲作文•◇看图作文•◇描述图表•第三部分模拟试题•2021年同等学力英语考试模拟试题及详解（一）•2021年同等学力英语考试模拟试题及详解（二）•内容简介同等学力英语题库包括历年真题、章节题库和模拟试题三部分。

具体如下：第一部分为历年真题。

精选2013～2019年考试真题，既可以体验真实考试，也可以测试自己的水平。

每套真题均提供名师详细解析。

其中2013～2017年试题附带名师高清视频讲解。

第二部分为章节题库。

遵循最新《同等学力英语水平全国统一考试大纲》，按照最新的考试题型的章目编排，共分为口语交际、词汇、阅读理解、完形填空等8章。

2015同等学力英语真题及答案从A.B.C.3个选项中选出正确的选项1.Who sings _________ , Rose or Alice? [单选题] *A. better(正确答案)B. the bestC. well2. This flower is ________ than that one. [单选题] *A. beautifulB. more beautiful(正确答案)C. most beautiful3.The dictionary is ________ of the three. [单选题] *A. thickB. thickerC. the thickest(正确答案)4. The Yellow River is the second________ river in China. [单选题] *A. longerB. longest(正确答案)C. long5. He is ________ to carry the heavy box by himself. [单选题] *A. strongB. very strongC. strong enough(正确答案)6. This maths problem is ________ that one. [单选题] *A. not so easy as(正确答案)B. more easy thanC. as easier as7. This kind of bookshelves is _________ expensive. I don’t want to spend _________ money on the furniture. [单选题] *A. too much; too muchB. much too; much tooC. much too; too much(正确答案)8. There is ______ rain this year than last year. [单选题] *A. manyB. muchC. a bit more(正确答案)9. He goes there ______ than I. [单选题] *A. more often(正确答案)B. oftenC. as often as10. Look! The Young Pioneers are singing and dancing ______ . [单选题] *A. happierB. happyC. happily(正确答案)。

2015年在职（同等学力）考研西医综合真题试卷(题后含答案及解析) 题型有：1. A1型题 2. A2型题 3. B1型题 4. X型题1．不受醛固酮控制的是A．钠离子B．氯离子C．水D．钾离子E．钙离子正确答案：E解析：醛固酮是调节机体细胞外液量和Na+、K+平衡的重要激素。

促进远曲小管对Na+、Cl—、水的重吸收，同时促进K+分泌。

2．细胞兴奋的标志是A．反射活动B．动作电位C．分泌活动D．收缩力E．张力正确答案：B解析：兴奋性是活组织或细胞对刺激产生反应的能力，这是生理学对兴奋性的最早的定义。

反射活动是神经调节的最基本方式。

在近代生理学中，兴奋性被理解为组织或细胞对刺激产生动作电位的能力。

收缩和分泌是细胞兴奋以后产生的结果。

张力是物质的机械特性。

3．静息电位等于A．钠离子的平衡电位B．钾离子的平衡电位C．氯离子的平衡电位D．钙离子的平衡电位E．镁离子的平衡电位正确答案：B解析：细胞静息时，膜主要允许K+通过，细胞内K+浓度高，沿化学梯度向外扩散，K+带的正电荷使膜外电位升高，形成的电场阻碍K+向外扩散。

当化学梯度的驱动力与电场的阻力相等时，没有K+的跨膜净移动，此时的跨膜电位不再改变，即是静息电位。

接近于K+的平衡电位。

4．属于继发性主动转运的是A．氧气B．钾离子C．氯离子D．脂肪酸E．葡萄糖正确答案：E解析：葡萄糖、氨基酸在小肠细胞的吸收属于继发性主动重吸收(与Na+的重吸收相关联)，继发性主动转运所需的能量是其他溶质顺电化学梯度转运时释放的。

5．以神经调节为主的生理过程A．体重稳定B．减压反射C．胃液分泌D．肾血流量稳定E．血糖稳定正确答案：B解析：减压反射指颈动脉窦和主动脉弓压力感受性反射。

当动脉血压升高时，这一反射过程引起的效应是使血压下降，故称减压反射。

所以减压反射是神经调节。

6．胸内负压形成的主要机理是A．两层胸膜紧贴在一起运动B．胸廓扩大缩小运动C．肺弹性回缩D．肺内大气压的变化E．呼吸肌舒缩活动正确答案：C解析：胸内压即胸腔内的压力。

2015 同等学力人员申请硕士学位外国语水平全国统一考试英语试卷一Paper One (100minutes)Part I Oral Communication (15 minutes，10 points)Section ADirections：In this section there are two incomplete dialogues and each dialogue has three blanks and three choices A，B and C，taken from the dialogue. Fill in each of the blanks with one of the choices to complete the dialogue and mark your answer on the Answer Sheet.Dialogue OneA. Do you know what a handicapped space is?B. The signs always tell you how long you can park there and on what days.C. Then you also need to be aware of the time limits on the street signs.Student: Can you tell me where I can park?Clerk: Are you driving a motorcycle or an automobile?Student: I drive an automobile.Clerk: Fine. You can either park in the student lot or on the street. 1Student: Yes, I have seen those spots.Clerk: Well, when you see the blue spots with the handicapped sign, do not park there unless you have a special permit. Are you going to be parking in the daytime or evening?Student: I park in the evenings.Clerk: 2 Have you seen those signs?Student: Yes, I have seen those signs.Clerk: 3Dialogue TwoA. The hours and limitations are printed on the card and this handout.B. May I have your driver‘s license, please?C. Are you familiar with our rules and fines?Student: Excuse me. I am interested in getting a library card.Librarian: Sure, let me give you an application. You can fill it out right here at the counter.Student: Thank you. I‘ll do it right now.Librarian: Let me take a look at this for you. 4Student: Here it is.Librarian: You seem to have filled the form out all right.__5__Student: Yes. I know what to do.Librarian: ____6____Student: OK. I see.Librarian: Thank you for joining the library; We look forward to serving you.Section BDirections: In this section there is one incomplete which has four blanks and four choices A, B, C and D, taken from the interview. Fill in each of the blanks with one of the choices to complete the interview and mark your answer on the Answer Sheet.A. And fooled the boys for a while.B. And I don‘t think the boys have minded.C. Well, it‘s because my British publisher.D. All this time I thought you were ‗J.K‘.Winfrey: So, this is the first time we‘ve met.Rowling: Yes, it is .Winfrey: And my producers tell me that your real name is J.O.____7____Rowling: (laughing) Yeah.Winfrey: J.K is …Rowling: ____8_____ When the first book came out, they thought ‗this is a book that will appeal to boys ‘,but they didn‘t want the boys to know a woman had written it. So they said to me ‗could we use your initials ‘and Isaid ‗fine‘.I only have one initial. I don‘t have a middle name. So I took my favorite grandmother‘s name,Kathleen.Winfrey: ____9_____Rowling: Yeah, but not for too long, because I started getting my picture in the press and no one could pretend I was a man anymore.Winfrey: ___10____Rowling: NO —it hasn‘t held me back, has it?Part II Vocabulary(10 points)Directions: In this part there are ten sentences, each with one word or phrase underlined. Choose the one from the four choices marked A, B, C and D that best keeps the meaning of the sentence. Mark your answer on the Answer Sheet.11. There are several different options f or getting Internet access.A. choicesB. definitionsC. channelsD. reasons12. Earth has an atmosphere, which protects the surface from harmful rays.A. mineralsB. substancesC. gasesD. beams13. The manager gave one of the salesgirls an accusing look for her hostile a ttitude toward customers.A. unfriendlyB. optimisticC. impatientD. positive14. Since it is late to change my mind now, I am resolved to carry out the plan.A. reviseB. implementC. reviewD. improve15. Security guards dispersed the crowd that had gathered around the Capitol.A. arrestedB. stoppedC. scatteredD. watched16. To start the program, insert the disk and follow the instructions.A. take outB. turn overC. track downD. put in17. The patient‘s condition has deteriorated s ince last night.A. improvedB. returnedC. worsenedD. changed18. I couldn‘t afford to fly home, and a train ticket was likewise beyond my means.A. alsoB. nonethelessC. furthermoreD. otherwise19. Despite years of searching, scientists have detected no signs of life beyond our own solar system.A. withinB. besidesC. outsideD. except20. I prefer chicken to fish because I am worried about accidentally swallowing a small bone.A. intentionallyB. unexpectedlyC. anxiouslyD. hurriedlyPart III Reading Comprehension (25 points)Section ADirections: In this section, there are four passages followed by questions or unfinished statements, each with four suggested answers A, B, C and D. Choose the best answer and mark your answer on the Answer Sheet.Passage OneSometimes a race is not enough. Sometimes a runner just wants to go further. That‘s what happened to Dennis Martin and Brooke Curran.Martin, 68, a retired detective form New York City, took up running after his first wife died. Curran, 46, a philanthropist (慈善家) from Alexandria, started running to get out of the house and collect her thoughts. Both she and Martin got good at running but felt the desire to do more. ―The more I trained, the better I got,‖ Curran said,‖but I would cross the finish line with no sense of accomplishment.‖Eventually , they worked up to running marathons (马拉松) (and longer races) in other countries, on other countries. Now both have achieved a notable -and increasingly less rate- milestone; running the 26.2-mile race on all seven continents.They are part of a phenomenon that has grown out of the running culture in the past two decades, at the intersection of athleticism and leisure: ―runcations,‖ which combine distance running with travel to exotic places.There trips, as expensive as they are physically challenging, are a growing and competitive market in the travel industry.―In the beginning, running was enough,‖ said Steen Albrechtsen, a press manager. The classic marathon wasthe ultimate goal, then came the super marathons, like London and New York. But when 90,000 people a year can take that challenge, it is no longer exciting and adventurous .Hence, the search for new adventures began.‖―No one could ever have imagined that running would become the lifestyle activity that it is today,‖saidThom Gilligan, founder and president of Boston-based Marathon Tours and Travel. Gilligan, who has been in business since 1979, is partly responsible for the seven-continent phenomenon.It started with a casual talk to an interviewer about his company offering trips to every continent except Antarctica. And then in 1995, Marathon fours hosted its first Antarctica Marathon on King George Island. Off the tip of the Antarctic Peninsula; 160 runners got to the starting line of a dirt-and ice-trail route via a Russian icebreaker through the Drake Passage.21. At the beginning, Martin took up running just to .A. meet requirements of his jobB. win a running raceC. join in a philanthropic activityD. get away from his sadness22. Martin and Curran are mentioned as good examples of .A. winners in the 26.2-mile race on all seven continentsB. people who enjoy long running as a lifestyle activityC. running racers satisfied with their own performanceD. old people who live an active life after retirement23. A new trend in the travel industry is the development of .A. challenging runcationsB. professional racesC. Antarctica travel marketD. expensive tours24. The classic marathon no longer satisfies some people because .A. it does not provide enough challengeB. it may be tough and dangerousC. it involves too fierce a competitionD. it has attracted too many people25. The first Antarctica Marathon on King George Island indicates that .A. international cooperation is a must to such an eventB. runcations are expensive and physically challengingC. Marathon Tours is a leader of the travel industryD. adventurous running has become increasingly popularPassage TwoBefore the 1970s, college students were treated as children. So many colleges ran in loco parentis system. ―Inloc o parentis‖is a Latin term meaning ―in the place of a parent.‖It describes when someone else acceptsresponsibility to act in the interests of a child.This idea developed long ago in British common law to define the responsibility of teachers toward their students. For years, American courts upheld in loco parentis in cases such as Gott versus Berea College in 1913.Gott owned a restaurant off campus. Berea threatened to expel students who ate at places not owned by the school. The Kentucky high court decided that in loco parentis justified that rule.In loco parentis meant that male and female college students usually had to live in separate buildings. Women had to be back at their dorms by ten or eleven on school nights.But in the 1960s, students began to protest rules and restrictions like these. At the same time, courts began to support students who were being punished for political and social dissent.In 1960, Alabama State College expelled six students who took part in a civil rights demonstration. They sued the school and won. After that it became harder and harder to defend in loco parentis.At that time, students were not considered adults until 21. Then, in 1971, the 24th amendment to the Constitution set the voting age at eighteen. So in loco parentis no longer really applied.Slowly, colleges began to treat students not as children, but as adults. Students came to be seen as consumers of educational services.Gary Dickstein, an assistant vice president at Wright State University in Dayton, Ohio, says in loco parentis is not really gone. It just looks different. Today‘s parents, he says, are often heavily involved in students‘lives. Theyare known as ―helicopter parents.‖They always seem to hover over their children. Gary Dickstein says these parents are likely to question decisions, especially about safety issues and grades. They want to make sure their financial investment is not being wasted.26. Before the 1970s, many colleges ran in loco parentis system because .A. they could take the place of the students‘parentsB. parents asked them to do it for the interests of their childrenC. this was a tradition established by British collegesD. college students were regarded as too young to be treated as adults27. Who won the case of Gott versus Berea College in 1913?A. Berea College.B. Gott.C. It was a win-win case.D. The students.28. The word ―dissent‖(Para.5) probably means ―‖.A. extreme behaviorsB. violation of lawsC. strong disagreementD. Wrong doings29. In 1960，the court ruled that Alabama State CollegeA. had no right to expel the studentsB. was justified to have expelled the studentsC. shouldn‘t interfere with students‘ daily lifeD. should support civil rights demonstrations30. According to Gary Dickstein, today‘s―helicopter parents_____A. don‘t set their hearts at rest with college administratorsB. keep a watchful eye on their children‘s life and studyC. care less about their children‘s education than beforeD. have different opinions on their children‘s educationPassage ThreeWe tend to think of plants as the furniture of the natural world. They don‘t move they don‘t make sounds; they don‘t seem to respond to anything –at least not very quickly. But as is often the case, our human view of the world misses quite a lot. Plants talk to each other all the time. And the language is chemical.Over the years scientists have reported that different types of plants, from trees to tomatoes, release compounds into the air to help neighboring plants. These chemical warnings all have the same purpose—to spread information about one plant‘s disease so other plants can defend themselves. But exactly how plants receive and act on many of these signals is still mysterious.In this week‘s Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, researchers in Japan offer some explanations. They have identified one chemical message and traced it all the way from release to action.The scientists looked at tomato plants infested (侵害) by common pest, the cutworm caterpillar (毛虫). To start out, they grew plants in two plastic compartments connected by a tube. One plant was infested and placed upwind and the others were uninfested and placed downwind. The downwind plants were later exposed to the cutworm caterpillar. The results showed that plants that had previously been near sick neighbors were able to defend themselves better against the caterpillar.The researchers also studied leaves from exposed and unexposed plants. They found one compound showed up more often in the exposed plants. The substance is called Hex Vic. When the scientists fed Hex Vic to cutworms, it knocked down their survival rate by 17%. The scientists identified the source of Hex Vic, and sprayed it lightly over healthy plants. Those plants were then able to start producing the caterpillar-killing Hex Vic. Researchers confirmed that uninfested plants have to build their own weapon to fight off bugs and diseases. How do they know when to play defense? They are warned first by their friendly plant neighbors.It is a complex tale, and it may be happening in more plant species than tomatoes. It may also be happening with more chemical signals that are still unknown to us. For now though, we know that plants not only communicate, they look out for one another.31. What does the author try to emphasize Paragraph 1?A. How plants communicate is still a mystery.B. Enough attention has been paid to plant talk.C. Plants are the furniture of the natural world.D. Plants can communicate with each other.32. According to Paragraph2, what remains unknown is ______A. how plats receive and handle the signals from their neighborsB. why plants spread chemical information to their neighborC. how many types of plants release compounds into the airD. whether plants send chemical warnings to their neighbors33. The tomato plants in the experiment were ______A. placed separately but connected through airB. expose to different kinds of pestsC. exposed to the pest at the same timeD. placed together in a closed compartment34. The experiment shows that the infested plant helps its neighbors by ______A. making more Hex Vic to attract the pestB. releasing Hex Vic into the air to warn themC. letting them know how to produce Hex VicD. producing enough Hex Vic to kill the pest35.What may be the best title for the passage?A. Survival of PlantsB. Plant WorldC. Talking PlantsD. Plant Bug KillerPassage FourVancouver is the best place to live in the Americas; according to a quality-of-life ranking published earlier this month .The city regularly tops such indexes as its clean air, spacious homes and weekend possibilities of sailing and skiing. But its status as a liveable city is threatened by worsening congestion (拥挤). Over the next three decades, another 1 million residents are expected to live in the Greater Vancouver region, adding more cars, bicycles and lorries to roads that arc already struggling to serve the existing 2.3 million residents.A proposal by Vancouver‘s may orseeks to prevent the worsening conditions. Upgrades would be made to2,300 kilometres of road lanes, as well as bus routes and cycle paths. Four hundred new buses would join the fleet of 1,830. There would be more trains and more ―sea bus‖ferry crossing s between Vancouver and its wealthynorthern suburbs. To get all that, residents must vote to accept an increase in sales tax, from 7% to 7.5%. Polls suggest they will vote no.Everyone agrees that a more efficient transport system is needed. Confined by mountains to the north, the United States to the south and the Pacific Ocean to the west, Vancouver has spread in the only direction where there is still land, into the Fraser Valley, which just a few decades ago was mostly farmland. The road is often overcrowded.Yet commuters‘suspicion of local bureaucrats may exceed their dislike of congestion. TransLink, which runs public transport in the region, is unloved by taxpayers. Passengers blame it when Skytrain, the light-rail system, comes to a standstill because of mechanical or electrical faults, as happened twice in one week last summer, leaving commuters stuck in carriages with nothing to do but expressing their anger on Twitter. That sort of thing has made voters less willing to pay the C$7.5 billion in capital spending that the ten-year trafficupgrade would involve.Despite the complaints, Vancouver‘s transport system is a decent, well-integrated one on which to build,reckons Todd Litman, a transport consultant who has worked for TransLink. ―These upgrades are all-important ifVancouver wants to maintain its reputation for being a destination others want to go to.‖He says.36. The biggest problem threatening Vancouver as a liveable city is .A. increasing congestionB. climate changeC. shortage of landD. lack of money37. The upgrade proposal by Vancouver‘s mayor may be turned down by residents because .A. they do not want more people to move inB. they are reluctant to move to new placesC. upgrades would take away their living spaceD. upgrades would add to their financial burdens38. The only direction for Vancouver to further expand is towards .A. the eastB. the westC. the southD. the north39. TransLink is mentioned (Para.4) as an example of .A. world famous transport companiesB. local residents‘complaints about the bureaucratsC. local effort to improve public transportD. worsening traffic congestion40. According to Todd Litman, the upgrade proposal .A. will solve the traffic problemB. will benefit local economyC. satisfies the transport companyD. deserves public supportSection BDirections: In this section, you are required to read one quoted blog and the comments on it. The blog and comments are followed by questions or unfinished statements, each with four suggested answers A, B, C and D Choose the best answer and mark your answer on the Answer Sheet.Towards the end of the 1990s, more than a decade and a half Diet Coke was first introduced, sale of Coca Cola‘s best-selling low caloric drink appeared to slow down.However, in the decade that followed, diet sodas grew by more than 30 percent. In 2009, sales pushed above $8.5 billion for the first time. But America‘s thirst for Diet Coke is running dry a gain-and this time it could be forgood.The diet soda slowdown isn‘t merely an American thing- it‘s also happening worldwide. But the future of dietcolas is particularly cloudy in the United States.Low calorie sodas are fighting a hard battle against not one but two trends among American consumers. The first is that overall soda consumption has been on the decline since before 2000. Diet sodas, though they might come sugar- and calorie-free, are still sodas, something Americans are proving less and less interested in drinking.The second, and perhaps more significant trend, is a growing mistrust of artificial sweeteners(甜味剂). ―Consumers‘attitudes towards sweeteners have really changed.‖said Howard Telford, an industry analyst.―There‘s a very nega tive perception about artificial sweeteners. The industry is still trying to get its head around this.‖Comment 1Add me to the number of people addicted to diet colas who quit drinking soda altogether. I honestly think soda is addictive and I‘m happy not to be drinking it anymore.Comment 2Perhaps the slowdown has something more to do with the skyrocketing cost of soft drinks.Comment 3I LOVE diet drinks! Am I unhealthy? Who knows? I guarantee I have a better physique than most 43-year-old men.Comment4This is a silly and shallow piece。

同等学力英语阅读理解七(附译文和答案)A quality education is the ultimate liberator. It can free people from poverty, giving them the power to greatly improve their lives and take a productive place in society. It can also free communities and countries, allowing them to leap forward into periods of wealth and social unity that otherwise would not be possible.For this reason, the international community has committed itself to getting all the world's children into primary school by 2015, a commitment known as Education for All.Can education for all be achieved by 2015? The answer is definitely “yes”, although it is a difficult task. If we now measure the goal in terms of children successfully completing a minimum of five years of primary school, instead of just enrolling for classes, which used to be the measuring stick for education, then the challenge becomes even more difficult. Only 32 countries were formerly believed to be at risk of not achieving education for all on the basis of enrollment rates. The number rises to 88 if completion rates are used as the criterion.Still, the goal is achievable with the right policies and the right support from the international community. 59 of the 88 countries at risk can reach universal primary completion by 2015 if they bring the efficiency and quality of their education systems into line with standards observed in higher-performing systems.They also need significant increases in external financing and technical support. The 29 countries lagging farthest behind will not reach the goal without unprecedented rates of progress. But this is attainable with creative solutions, including use of information technologies, flexible and targeted foreign aid, and fewer people living in poverty.A key lesson of experience about what makes development effective is that a country's capacity to use aid well depends heavily on its policies, institutions and management. Where a country scores well on these criteria, foreign assistance can be highly effective.1. In the first paragraph, the author suggests that a quality education can______.A. free countries from foreign rulesB. speed up social progressC. give people freedomD. liberate people from any exploitation2. Ideally, the goal of the program of Education for All is to ______ by 2015.A. get all the world's children to complete primary schoolB. enroll all the world's children into primary schoolC. give quality education to people of 88 countriesD. support those committed to transforming their education systems3. ______ countries are now at risk of not achieving education for all on the basis of completion rates.A. 32B. 59C. 29D. 884. According to the passage, which of the following is NOT mentioned as the right policy?A. Raising the efficiency of education systems.B. Improving the quality of education.C. Using information technologies.D. Building more primary schools.5. As can be gathered from the last paragraph, foreign aid ______.A. may not be highly effectiveB. is provided only when some criteria are metC. alone makes development possibleD. is most effective for those countries lagging farthest behind素质教育是最根本的解放。

01hazardousEmployees in chemical factories are entitled to receive extra pay for doing (hazardous)work.hazardous['hæzədəs]------- hazardadj. 危险的，有害的n.危险v.冒风险，使……处于危险（同endanger）句意：化工厂的员工由于做危险工作所以可以得到额外报酬。

be entitled to do 有资格或有权利做某事02hesitateThere was no light on the way and for a second she (hesitated), unable tomake out the dim figure awaiting her.hesitate['hezɪteɪt]------- hesitation ------- hesitantv. 犹豫，顾虑n.犹豫，迟疑adj.犹豫的，踌躇的句意：路上没有灯光，刹那间，她停了下来，无法辨认出那个正等着她的模糊身影。

make out 辨认出dim 昏暗的，微弱的figure 数字；（远处人的）轮廓，（隐约可见的）人影await vt.等候，等待I want so much to give my children the freedom that I enjoyed having when I was growing up but I (hesitate) to do so because there are dangers around every corner.（选自2009阅读年真题）我非常想给我的孩子们自由，就像我小时候享受的自由一样。

但这么做我很犹豫，因为每个角落都有危险。

He claims that administrators and teachers have been too (hesitant) to take action.（选自2014年阅读真题）他认为管理人员以及教师总是犹豫不决，不采取措施。

新阳光教育2015年教育学试卷真题解析一、单项选择题1．教育学成为一门独立学科的标志性著作（ ）。

A ．《普通教育学》B ．《论演说家的教育》C ．《民本主义与教育》D ．《大教学论》答案：D解析：教育学原理—教育学的历史与未来（P13）。

1632年，夸美纽斯出版的《大教学论》是教育学形成一门独立学科的标志，该书被认为是近代第一本系统的教育学著作。

2．学校产生于（ ）。

A ．原始社会B ．奴隶社会C ．封建社会D ．资本主义社会 答案：B 解析：教育学原理—教师、学生与学校（P97）。

人类最早的学校出现在公元前2500年的埃及，我国的学校产生于商代。

欧洲学校的出现大概是在公元前8—公元前7世纪。

3．教育在人的发展中起（ ）。

A ．物质基础作用B ．主导作用C ．决定作用D ．发展作用 答案：B 解析：教育学原理—教育、社会与人（P42）。

人的身心发展受多种因素制约，概括起来主要有遗传、环境和教育。

与遗传、环境相比，教育在人的发展中起主导作用。

4．抨击现代学校的弊端，提出了著名的“非学校化社会”的思想教育家（ ） 。

A ．杜威B ．伊里奇C ．布迪尔D ．鲍尔斯与金帝斯答案：B解析：教育学原理—教师、学生与学校（P100）。

伊里奇更猛烈地抨击了现代学校的种种弊端，提出了著名的“非学校化社会”的思想，号召人们废除现代学校，代之以人人平等、自由、自律、自助、愉快交往的“学习网络”。

5．在一定教学思想和教学理论指导下建立起来的教学活动结构框架和活动程序是（ ）。

A ．教学评价 B ．教学模式C ．教学期望D ．教学过程答案：B解析：教育学原理—教学（P134）。

教学模式指在一定教学思想或教学理论指导下建立起来的较为稳定的教学活动结构框架和活动程序。

教学模式既是教学理论的具体化，又是教学经验的一种系统概括。

新阳光教育6．提出要解放儿童“头脑、双手、眼睛、嘴、空间、时间的六大解放”的教育家（ ）。

A ．杨贤江B ．黄炎培C ．陶行知D ．陈鹤琴答案：C解析：中外教育史—中国教育思想的发展和演变（P219）。

同等学力人员申请硕士学位学科综合水平全国统一考试英语卷二真题2015年(总分25,考试时间90分钟)Translation（10 points）Directions: Translate the following passage into Chinese. Write your answer on the Answer Sheet.1. Should work be placed among the causes of happiness or be regarded as a burden? Much work is exceedingly tiresome, and an excess of work causes stress and even disease. I think, however, that, provided work is not excessive in amount, even boring work is less harmful than idleness. We sometimes feel a little relief from work; at other times work gives us delight. These feelings arise according to the type of work we are doing and our ability to do that work. Work fills many hours of the day and removes the need to decide what one should do.Writing2. Directions: Write a composition in no less than 150 words on the topic: How can we contribute to the environmental protection? You should write according to the outline given below. Write **position on the Answer Sheet.环境保护已成为我们共同的责任。

2015年在职申硕（同等学力）英语真题试卷(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. Then, in 1971, the 24th amendment to the Constitution set the voting age at eighteen. So in loco parentis no longer really applied. Slowly, colleges began to treat students not as children, but as adults. Students came to be seen as consumers of educational services. Gary Dickstein, an assistant vice president at Wright State University in Dayton, Ohio, says in loco parentis is not really gone. It just looks different. Today’s parents, he says, are often heavily involved in students’lives. They are known as “helicopter parents”. They always seem to hover over their children. Gary Dickstein says these parents are likely to question decisions, especially about safety issues and grades. They want to make sure their financial investment is not being wasted.26．Before the 1970s, many colleges ran in loco parentis system because______.A．they could take the place of the students’ parentsB．parents asked them to do it for the interests of their childrenC．this was a tradition established by British collegesD．college students were regarded as too young to be treated as adults正确答案：D解析：细节题。

2015同等学力考题英语试卷及答案Paper One (100minutes)Part I Oral Communication (15 minutes，10 points)Section ADirections：In this section there are two incomplete dialogues and each dialogue has three blanks and three choices A，B and C，taken from the dialogue. Fill in each of the blanks with one of the choices to complete the dialogue and mark your answer on the Answer Sheet.Dialogue OneA. Do you know what a handicapped space is?B. The signs always tell you how long you can park there and on what days.C. Then you also need to be aware of the time limits on the street signs.Student: Can you tell me where I can park?Clerk: Are you driving a motorcycle or an automobile?Student: I drive an automobile.Clerk: Fine. You can either park in the student lot or on the street. 1Student: Yes, I have seen those spots.Clerk: Well, when you see the blue spots with the handicapped sign, do not park there unless you have a special permit. Are you going to be parking in the daytime or evening?Student: I park in the evenings.Clerk: 2 Have you seen those signs?Student: Yes, I have seen those signs.Clerk: 3 .参照答案：ACBDialogue TwoA. The hours and limitations are printed on the card and this handout.B. May I have your driver’s license, please?C. Are you familiar with our rules and fines?Student: Excuse me. I am interested in getting a library card.Librarian: Sure, let me give you an application. You can fill it out right here at the counter.Student: Thank you. I’ll do it right now.Librarian: Let me take a look at this for you. 4Student: Here it is.Librarian: You seem to have filled the form out all right.__5__Student: Yes. I know what to do.Librarian: ____6____Student: OK. I see.Librarian: Thank you for joining the library; We look forward to serving you.参照答案BCASection BDirections: In this section there is one incomplete which has four blanks and four choices A, B, C and D, taken from the interview. Fill in each of the blanks with one of the choices to complete the interview and mark your answer on the Answer Sheet.A. And fooled the boys for a while.B. And I don’t think the boys have minded.C. Well, it’s because my British publisher.D. All this time I thought you were ‘J.K’.Winfrey: So, this is the first time we’ve met.Rowling: Yes,it is .Winfrey: And my producers tell me that your real name is J.O.____7____ Rowling: (laughing) Yeah.Winfrey: J.K is …Rowling: ____8_____. When the first book came out, they thought ‘this is a book that will appeal to boys ’, but they didn’t want the boys to know a woman had written it. So they said to me ‘could we use your initials ’and I said ‘fine’. I only have one initial. I d on’t have a middle name. So I took my favorite grandmother’s name, Kathleen.Winfrey: ____9_____Rowling: Yeah, but not for too long, because I started getting my picture in the press and no one could pretend I was a man anymore.Winfrey: ___10____Rowling: NO —it hasn’t held me back, has it?参照答案：DCABPart II Vocabulary(10 points)Directions: In this part there are ten sentences, each with one word or phrase underlined. Choose the one from the four choices marked A, B, C and D that best keeps the meaning of the sentence. Mark your answer on the Answer Sheet.11. There are several different options for getting Internet access.A. choicesB. definitionsC. channelsD. reasons12. Earth has an atmosphere, which protects the surface from harmful rays.A. mineralsB. substancesC. gasesD. beams13. The manager gave one of the salesgirls an accusing look for her hostileattitude toward customers.A. unfriendlyB. optimisticC. impatientD. positive14. Since it is late to change my mind now, I am resolved to carry out the plan.A. reviseB. implementC. reviewD. improve15. Security guards dispersed the crowd that had gathered around the Capitol.A. arrestedB. stoppedC. scatteredD. watched16. To start the program, insert the disk and follow the instructions.A. take outB. turn overC. track downD. put in17. The patient’s condition has deteriorated since last night.A. improvedB. returnedC. worsenedD. changed18. I couldn’t afford to fly home, and a train ticket was likewise beyond my means.A. alsoB. nonethelessC. furthermoreD. otherwise19. Despite years of searching, scientists have detected no signs of life beyond our own solar system.A. withinB. besidesC. outsideD. except20. I prefer chicken to fish because I am worried about accidentally swallowinga small bone.A. intentionallyB. unexpectedlyC. anxiouslyD. hurriedly参照答案：11-15 A D A B C 16-20 D C A C BPart III Reading Comprehension (25 points)Section ADirections: In this section, there are four passages followed by questions or unfinished statements, each with four suggested answers A, B, C and D. Choose the best answer and mark your answer on the Answer Sheet.Passage OneSometimes a race is not enough. Sometimes a runner just wants to go further. That’s what happened to Dennis Martin and Brooke Curran.Martin, 68, a retired detective form New York City, took up running after his first wife died. Curran, 46, a philanthropist(慈善家)from Alexandria, started running to get out of the house and collect her thoughts. Both she and Martin got good at running but felt the desire to do more. “The more I trained, the better I got,” Curran said,” but I would cross the finish line with no sense of accomp lishment.”Eventually , they worked up to running marathons(马拉松)(and longer races) in other countries, on other countries. Now both have achieved a notable -and increasingly less rate- milestone; running the 26.2-mile race on all seven continents.They are part of a phenomenon that has grown out of the running culture in the past two decades, at the intersection of athleticism and leisure: “runcations,”which combine distance running with travel to exotic places. There trips, as expensive as they are physically challenging ,are a growing and competitive market in the travel industry.“In the beginning, running was enough,” said Steen Albrechtsen, a press manager. The classic marathon was the ultimate goal, then came the super marathons, like London and New York. But when 90,000 people a year can take that challenge, it is no longer e xciting and adventurous .Hence, the search for new adventures began.”“No one could ever have imagined that running would become the lifestyle activity that it is today,”said Thom Gilligan, founder and president of Boston-based Marathon Tours and Travel. Gilligan, who has been in business since 1979, is partly responsible for the seven-continent phenomenon.It started with a casual talk to an interviewer about his company offering trips to every continent except Antarctica. And then in 1995, Marathon fours hosted its first Antarctica Marathon on King George Island. Off the tip of the Antarctic Peninsula; 160 runners got to the starting line of a dirt-and ice-trail route via a Russian icebreaker through the Drake Passage.21. At the beginning, Martin took up running just to .A. meet requirements of his jobB. win a running raceC. join in a philanthropic activityD. get away from his sadness22. Martin and Curran are mentioned as good examples of .A. winners in the 26.2-mile race on all seven continentsB. people who enjoy long running as a lifestyle activityC. running racers satisfied with their own performanceD. old people who live an active life after retirement23. A new trend in the travel industry is the development of .A. challenging runcationsB. professional racesC. Antarctica travel marketD. expensive tours24. The classic marathon no longer satisfies some people because .A. it does not provide enough challengeB. it may be tough and dangerousC. it involves too fierce a competitionD. it has attracted too many people25. The first Antarctica Marathon on King George Island indicates that .A. international cooperation is a must to such an eventB. runcations are expensive and physically challengingC. Marathon Tours is a leader of the travel industryD. adventurous running has become increasingly popularPassage TwoBefore the 1970s, college students were treated as children. So many colleges ran in loco parentis system. “In loco parentis”is a Latin term meaning “in the place of a parent.” It describes when someone else accepts responsibility to act in the interests of a child.This idea developed long ago in British common law to define the responsibility of teachers toward their students. For years, American courts upheld in loco parentis in cases such as Gott versus Berea College in 1913.Gott owned a restaurant off campus. Berea threatened to expel students who ate at places not owned by the school. The Kentucky high court decided that in loco parentis justified that rule.In loco parentis meant that male and female college students usually had to live in separate buildings. Women had to be back at their dorms by ten or eleven on school nights.But in the 1960s, students began to protest rules and restrictions like these. At the same time, courts began to support students who were being punished for political and social dissent.In 1960, Alabama State College expelled six students who took part in a civil rights demonstration. They sued the school and won. After that it became harder and harder to defend in loco parentis.At that time, students were not considered adults until 21. Then, in 1971, the 24th amendment to the Constitution set the voting age at eighteen. So in loco parentis no longer really applied.Slowly, colleges began to treat students not as children, but as adults. Students came to be seen as consumers of educational services.Gary Dickstein, an assistant vice president at Wright State University in Dayton, Ohio, says in loco parentis is not really gone. It just looks different. Today’s parents, he says, are often heavily involved in students’lives. They are known as “helicopt er parents.”They always seem to hover over their children. Gary Dickstein says these parents are likely to question decisions, especially about safety issues and grades. They want to make sure their financial investment is not being wasted.26. Before the 1970s, many colleges ran in loco parentis system because .A. they could take the place of the students’parentsB. parents asked them to do it for the interests of their childrenC. this was a tradition established by British collegesD. college students were regarded as too young to be treated as adults27. Who won the case of Gott versus Berea College in 1913?A. Berea College.B. Gott.C. It was a win-win case.D. The students.28. The word “dissent”(Para.5) probably means “”.A. extreme behaviorsB. violation of lawsC. strong disagreementD. Wrong doings29. In 1960，the court ruled that Alabama State CollegeA. had no right to expel the studentsB. was justified to have expelled the studentsC. shouldn’t interfere with students’ daily lifeD. should support civil rights demonstrations30. According to Gary Dickstein, today’s “helicopter parents_____A. don’t set their hearts at rest with college administratorsB. keep a watchful eye on their children’s life and studyC. care less about their children’s education than beforeD. have different opinions on their children’s educationPassage ThreeWe tend to think of plants as the furniture of the natural word. They don’t move they don’t make sounds, they don’t seem to respond to anything –at leastnot very quickly. But as is often the case, our human view of the world misses quite a lot. Plants talk to each other all the time. And the language is chemical.Over the years scientists have reported that different types of plants, from trees to tomatoes, release compounds into the air to help neighboring plants. These chemical warnings all have the same purpose—to spread information about one plant’s disease so other plants can defend themselves. But exactly how plants receive and act on many of these signals is still mysterious.In this week’s Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, researchers in Japan offer some explanations. They have identified one chemical message and traced it all the way from release to action.The scientists looked at tomato plants infested(侵害) by common pest, the cutworm caterpillar(毛虫). To start out, they grew plants in two plastic compartments connected by a tube. One plant was infested and placed upwind and the others were uninfested and placed downwind. The downwind plants were later exposed to the cutworm caterpillar. The results showed that plants that had previously been near sick neighbors were able to defend themselves better against the caterpillar.The researchers also studied leaves from exposed and unexposed plants. They found one compound showed up more often in the exposed plants. The substance is called Hex Vic. When the scientists fed Hex Vic to cutworms, it knocked down their survival rate by 17%. The scientists identified the source of Hex Vic, and sprayed it lightly over healthy plants. Those plants were then able to start producing the caterpillar-killing Hex Vic. Researchers confirmed that uninfested plants have to build their own weapon to fight off bugs and diseases. How do they know when to play defense? They are warned first by their friendly plant neighbors.It is a complex tale, and it may be happening in more plant species than tomatoes. It may also be happening with more chemical signals that are still unknown to us. For now though, we know that plants not only communicate, they look out for one another.31. What does the author try to emphasize Paragraph 1?A. How plants communicate is still a mystery.B. Enough attention has been paid to plant talk.C. Plants are the furniture of the natural world.D. Plants can communicate with each other.32. According to Paragraph2, what remains unknown is ______A. how plats receive and handle the signals from their neighborsB. why plants spread chemical information to their neighborC. how many types of plants release compounds into the airD. whether plants send chemical warnings to their neighbors33. The tomato plants in the experiment were ______A. placed separately but connected through airB. expose to different kinds of pestsC. exposed to the pest at the same timeD. placed together in a closed compartment34. The experiment shows that the infested plant helps its neighbors by ______A. making more Hex Vic to attract the pestB. releasing Hex Vic into the air to warn themC. letting them know how to produce Hex VicD. producing enough Hex Vic to kill the pest35.What may be the best title for the passage?A. Survival of PlantsB. Plant WorldC. Talking PlantsD. Plant Bug KillerPassage FourVancouver is the best place to live in the Americas, according to a quality-of-life ranking published earlier this month .The city regularly tops such indexes as its clean air, spacious homes and weekend possibilities of sailing and skiing. But its status as a liveable city is threatened by worsening congestion(拥挤).Over the next three decades, another I million residents are expected to live in the Greater Vancouver region, adding more cars, bicycles and lorries to roads that arc already struggling to serve the existing 2.3 million residents.A proposal by Vancouver’s mayorseeks to prevent the worsening conditions. Upgrades would be madeto 2,300 kilometres of road lanes, as well as bus routes and cycle paths. Four hundred new buses would join the fleet of 1,830. There would be more trains and more “sea bus” ferry crossings between Vancouver and its weal thy northern suburbs. To get all that, residents must vote to accept an increase in sales tax, from 7% to 7.5%. Polls suggest they will vote no.Everyone agrees that a more efficient transport system is needed. Confined by mountains to the north, the United States to the south and the Pacific Ocean to the west, Vancouver has spread in the only direction where there is still land, into the Fraser Valley, which just a few decades ago was mostly farmland. The road is often overcrowded.Yet commuters’suspicion of local bureaucrats may exceed their dislike of congestion. TransLink, which runs public transport in the region, is unloved by taxpayers. Passengers blame it when Skytrain,the light-rail system, comes to a standstill because of mechanical or electrical faults, as happened twice in one week last summer, leaving commuters stuck in carriages with nothing to do but expressing their anger on Twitter. That sort of thing has made voters less willing to pay the C$7.5 billion in capital spending that the ten-year trafficupgrade would involve.Despite the complaints, Vancouver’s transport system is a decent, well-integrated one on which to build, reckons Todd Litman, a transport consultant who has worked for TransLink. “These upgrades are all-important if Vancouver wants to maintain its reputa tion for being a destination others want to go to.”He says.36. The biggest problem threatening Vancouver as a liveable city is .A. increasing congestionB. climate changeC. shortage of landD. lack of money37. The upgrade proposal by Vancouver’s mayor may be turned down by residents because .A. they do not want more people to move inB. they are reluctant to move to new placesC. upgrades would take away their living spaceD. upgrades would add to their financial burdens38. The only direction for Vancouver to further expand is towards .A. the eastB. the westC. the southD. the north39. TransLink is mentioned (Para.4) as an example of .A. world famous transport companiesB. local residents’complaints about the bureaucratsC. local effort to improve public transportD. worsening traffic congestion40. According to Todd Litman, the upgrade proposal .A. will solve the traffic problemB. will benefit local economyC. satisfies the transport companyD. deserves public supportSection BDirections: In this section, you are required to read one quoted blog and the comments on it. The blog and comments are followed by questions or unfinished statements, each with four suggested answers A, B, C and D Choose the best answer and mark your answer on the Answer Sheet.Towards the end of the 1990s, more than a decade and a half Diet Coke was first introduced, sale of Coca Cola’s best-selling low caloric drink appeared to slow down.However, in the decade that followed, diet sodas grew by more than 30 percent. In 2009, sales pushed above $8.5 billion for the first time. But America’s thirst for Diet Coke is running dry again-and this time it could be for good.The diet soda slowdown isn’t merely an American thing- it’s also happening worldwide. But the future of diet colas is particularly cloudy in the United States.Low calorie sodas are fighting a hard battle against not one but two trends among American consumers. The first is that overall soda consumption has been on the decline since before 2000. Diet sodas, though they might come sugar- and calorie-free, are still sodas, something Americans are proving less and less interested in drinking.The second, and perhaps more significant trend, is a growing mistrust of artificial sweeteners(甜味剂). “Consumers’attitudes towards sweeteners have really changed.”said Howard Telford, an industry analyst.“There’s a very negative perception about artificial sweeteners. The industry is still trying to get its head around this.”Comment 1Add me to the number of people addicted to diet colas who quit drinking soda altogether. I honestly think soda is addictive and I’m happy not to be drinking it anymore.Comment 2Perhaps the slowdown has something more to do with the skyrocketing cost of soft drinks.Comment 3I LOVE diet drinks! Am I unhealthy? Who knows? I guarantee I have a better physique than most 43-year-old men.Comment4This is a silly and shallow piece。