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2023高考英语模拟试卷注意事项：1.答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。
2.回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑，如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其它答案标号。
回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上，写在本试卷上无效。
3.考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
第一部分（共20小题，每小题L 5分，满分30分）The exchange student from Kenya often shares with us the news of his country and of his neighbouring countries.A. thoseB. thatC. itD. the one—The lecture about 3D technology was very interesting.—It's a pity. How I wish I time to attend itA. had B. have C. had had D. have had1.Our English teacher, having explained to us how to design a project, allowed us a whole week's preparation and thenthe class.A. to dismissB. dismissedC. dismissingD. having dismissed2.The same boiling water softens the potato and hardens the egg. It's about you're made of, not thecircumstances.A. thatB. whatC. howD. who3.—Alan seems a lot taller than when I last saw him.-He ・ He's grown a foot since you saw him in Shanghai.A. isB. will beC. has beenD. was4.almost one hundred jin, the stone was moved by him alone.A. WeighedB. WeighingC. It weighedD. To weigh—I need to advertise for a roommate for next term._? Mary is interested.A. Why botherB. Why notC. So whatD. What for5.The movie couldn't be more boring.I wish I to it.A. had not beenB. have not beenC. did not goD. have not gone6.—Cathy is not coming to your birthday party tonight.一But she!B.explaining problems and providing solutionsquoting authorities and making evaluationsC.making contrasts and giving examples第三部分语言知识运用（共两节）第一节（每小题L5分，满分30分）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、 C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项.26. （30 分）Over the years 1 have received many Christmas gifts. However, the best one I've ever received waspresented by a 1 I never knew his name and I only had 2 with him for less than 60 seconds, but the moment changed the 3 I think about people and Christmas.I 4 Black Friday sales. Ifs often lots of people 5 the shops merely to pick up bargains. Their intentions are completely unrelated to the 6 time of year.It was one Black Friday morning several years ago 7 my wife and I went to the local department store to purchase achild's 8for our son. W e stood with a very large crowd, 9 for the manage to blow the whistle. On hearing the 10people were all scrambling （争先恐后）to get the bargains. I 11 my opportunity and liftedone of the boxes containing bikes 12I felt some mild resistance. I looked 13 to see one of the largest gentlemen I'd ever seen in my life. ^Frightening 99 was not the world to 14 his presence. I unwillingly 15the box but, to my surprise, he gently pushed it back in 16 direction. Our eyes made contact and he gave me a 17 smile, saying, “Merry Christmas.” My wife and I went to the 18 and paid for the bike. All the way home I was thinking that this moment was much the best Christmas gift I'd ever received. A simple 19 of kindness from a stranger 20 all stereotypes （成见）and prejudices I may have had. F1I never forget it.1、 A. friend B ・ colleague C. stranger D. brotherB. argumentC. conversationD. contact5、A. breaking into B. crowding6、 A. joyful B. discouraging C.7、A. since B. when C. beforeA. toy B. bookC. boxD. bike8、 A . preparing B. looking C. waiting D. cryingA. whistle B. bell C. screams D. cheersH 、A. missed B. saw C. offered D. quitted12、A. Gradually B. Immediately C. Occasionally D. Suddenly13、 A. down B. up C. through D. forwardA. take awayB. take downC. put awayD. put down 15、 A . his B. its C. my D. another17、A. friendly B. regretful C. frightening D. special18、A. exit B. checkout C. store D. stand19、A. act B. behavior C. word D. movement20、 A. deepened B. replaced C. cleaned D.removed 第二节(每小题1.5分，满分15分)阅读下面材料，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
22年四级12月考试听力原文以下是22年四级12月考试听力部分的原文：Part I Dialogue 1M: Oh, I can't stand this traffic jam. Why on earth are we moving so slowly?W: Don't worry. We're almost there. It's only a few more blocks.M: I hope so. I don't want to be late for the concert. W: We still have plenty of time. The concert doesn't start for another hour.Part I Dialogue 2M: Hi, is this the Career Center?W: Yes, it is. How may I help you?M: I'm looking for some advice about my resume. I'm not sure if it's good enough.W: Sure. We can help you with that. Do you have a copy of it with you?M: Yes, I do. Here it is.Part I Dialogue 3W: Excuse me, do you know where the nearest post office is? M: Yes, it's just around the corner.W: Great. Thanks.M: You're welcome.Part I Dialogue 4W: I'm really worried about this presentation tomorrow. I don't think I'm ready.M: Don't worry. You'll do great. Just remember to practice and prepare beforehand.W: I know. It's just that I get so nervous when I have to speak in front of people.M: It's normal to feel a bit nervous, but just take some deep breaths and try to relax. You'll be fine.Part II Passage 1It's important to get enough sleep each night, as sleep plays a major role in our physical and mental health. Lack of sleep can lead to a number of health issues, such as obesity, diabetes, and high blood pressure. Additionally, it can affect our mood and cognitive abilities, making it harder to concentrate and think clearly. Experts recommend getting seven to nine hours of sleep each night.Part II Passage 2Climate change is a significant threat to our planet, and it's up to all of us to take action to reduce our impact on the environment. One way we can do this is by reducing our energyconsumption. This can be as simple as turning off lights and unplugging electronics when we're not using them. Additionally, we can use public transportation, carpool, or even walk or bike instead of driving alone. By making these small changes, we can reduce our carbon footprint and help protect the planet.Part II Passage 3The rise of technology has had a significant impact on how we communicate with one another. While it's easier than ever to stay connected with friends and family, some argue that we've lost some of the personal connection that comes withface-to-face interactions. Additionally, social media has led to an increase in cyberbullying and other negative behaviors. It's important to strike a balance between using technology to stay connected and maintaining meaningful, personal relationships.Part II Passage 4The gig economy has become increasingly popular in recent years, allowing individuals to work as freelancers and independent contractors. While this can offer flexibility and autonomy, it also comes with some drawbacks. Gig workers often lack job security and benefits, and may struggle to make ends meet. Additionally, the gig economy can lead to a lack of workerprotections and exploitation. As the gig economy continues to grow, it's important to address these issues and ensure that workers are treated fairly.Part III Lecture 1Good morning, everyone. Today we're going to be discussing the history of the internet. The internet as we know it today was developed in the late 1960s by researchers at the US Department of Defense. Initially used as a way to share information between universities and research institutions, the internet quickly grew and evolved to become the global network we know today. The development of the World Wide Web in the 1990s led to a surge in internet usage, and today the internet plays a vital role in our daily lives.Part III Lecture 2In today's lecture, we'll be discussing the benefits of exercise. Regular exercise has numerous health benefits, including reducing the risk of chronic diseases such as heart disease, diabetes, and some types of cancer. Additionally, exercise can improve mental health by reducing stress and anxiety, and improving mood and cognitive function. Experts recommend getting at least 150 minutes of moderate exercise or 75 minutes of vigorous exercise per week.Part III Lecture 3In this lecture, we'll be discussing the concept of emotional intelligence. Emotional intelligence refers to the ability to recognize, understand, and manage one's own emotions, as well as the emotions of others. This can be an important skill in both personal and professional settings, as it can help individuals navigate social situations and communicate effectively. Additionally, emotional intelligence can be developed and improved through practice and self-reflection. Part III Lecture 4Today we'll be discussing the topic of renewable energy. Renewable energy refers to sources of energy that are replenished naturally, such as solar, wind, and hydroelectric power. Unlike non-renewable sources like coal and oil, renewable energy sources are sustainable and do not contribute to greenhouse gas emissions. Increasing the use of renewable energy can help to combat climate change and reduce our dependence on fossil fuels. However, the transition to renewable energy sources will require significant investment and infrastructure changes.Part IV Short Talks1. Have you ever heard of the concept of 'mindful eating'?It involves paying close attention to the food you're eating, savoring each bite, and eating slowly. By practicing mindful eating, you may be able to enjoy your food more and reduce overeating.2. Do you know what a 'microaggression' is? It's a subtle, often unintentional form of discrimination that can have a negative impact. Examples include using stereotypes, making assumptions, or excluding someone based on their identity. It's important to be aware of these behaviors and work to create an inclusive environment.3. Have you considered using a standing desk at work? Studies have shown that sitting for long periods of time can have negative health effects, such as increased risk of obesity and heart disease. Using a standing desk can help to reduce the amount of time you spend sitting and improve your health.4. Do you know what 'impostor syndrome' is? It's a feeling of self-doubt or inadequacy, despite evidence of one's abilities or accomplishments. It's common among high-achieving individuals, particularly women and minorities. It's important to recognize and overcome impostor syndrome in order to achieve success and reach one's full potential.Part V Long TalkMany people believe that learning a second language is beneficial, but did you know that it can also improve cognitive function and delay the onset of dementia? Studies have shown that bilingualism can lead to improvements in cognitive abilities such as memory, attention, and problem-solving skills. Additionally, bilingualism has been linked to a delay in the onset of Alzheimer's disease and other forms of dementia. Learning a second language can be challenging, but the benefits are numerous and long-lasting.。
Lecture 2 心理偏誤與展望理論認知心理學家透過實驗研究提出相當多的心理偏誤，且諸多學者有不同的分類方式，本講次參考Shefrin (2007)依序介紹認知偏誤(biases)、捷思或經驗法則(heuristics)與框架效應(framing effect)，最後說明展望理論。
I. 心理偏誤1.認知偏誤(Biases)(1)過度樂觀: 高估有利出象的機率，低估不利出象的機率。
在診斷性問題中列出了18個事件，請評估與同性別的他人相比，該事件發生在你身上的機率是比平均水準低(1~6)、等於平均水準(7)或是高於平均水準(8~15)。
結果發現: Typically the average rating for the unfavorable events is below 7, while the average rating for the favorable events is above 7.(2)過度自信：人們所自己的所知(the limits of their knowledge)和自己的能力(their own ability)容易有過度自信的傾向。
在診斷性問題中列出了10個困難的題目，受實驗者必須對每個題目回答best guess, 以及90%信心水準下的low guess和high guess (即認為正確答案有90%的機率落於所設定的上下界之間)。
結果發現: Typically the most frequent number of hits, and the average number of hits, is about 4.(3)確認性偏誤：人們容易忽視與自己觀點不一致的訊息，而接受尋找與自己觀點一致的訊息。
診斷性問題：桌上有四張卡(p. A1-5)，每張卡的一面是字母，另一面是數字，受實驗者被詢問檢測以下假說“Any card having a vowel on one side has an even number on the other side.”在四張卡中受實驗者至少要掀開幾張卡才能決定此假說是否為真?結果發現: Most people turn over the card with the a,and some turn over the cardwith the 2 as well.(4)控制性幻覺：人們傾向於高估本身對結果或出象的控制力。
forkliftA.铲车B.起重机C。
电梯D。
货梯答案:AguineaA.松鼠B.袋鼠C。
仓鼠D。
豚鼠答案:DhomosexualityA.同性恋B.异性恋C.双行恋D。
性别歧视答案：AbasementA。
地下室B。
基地C.基础 D.地基答案:AholocaustA.直升机B.竞选C。
革命D。
大屠杀答案：DscandalA.沟渠B.丑闻C.满意D.破坏答案:BprognosisA.判病结果B。
综合病症C。
疾病D。
痊愈答案:AresignA.辞职B.就职C。
分配D。
退休答案：AshantyA。
棚屋 B.走廊C.破烂的D。
豪华的答案：AcasketA。
棺材 B.走廊C。
卡其布D。
手铐答案:AhumiliationA。
人性B。
人类C.恐吓D。
羞辱答案：DshuttleA.飞碟B.太空船C。
发射器 D.直升机答案：BscandalA。
沟渠 B.丑闻C.满意D.破坏答案:BlethalA。
皮革 B.锂C。
致命的D。
轻微的答案：CtrenchA.倾向B。
方向C。
沟渠 D.走廊答案:CegoA。
年纪B。
专业C.自负D。
中心答案：Ctug—of-warA。
拔河B。
比赛C.战斗D.战争答案:AsexismA。
女性主义B。
大男人主义C.性别平等D。
性别歧视答案：DtrophyA.屠杀B。
胜利C.战利品D。
好战的答案:CdetentionA.注意B。
拘留C。
挽留 D.拖延答案：BignitionA.忽略B.点火C。
幼稚 D.威吓答案：BThe talented singer is endowed with a youthful_______ （powerful and exciting） voice.A。
vivid B。
vibratingC.vibrant D。
violent答案:COthers try to pass it off as just a robbery.A。
stop the investigationB.start the investigationC.remember it asD。
往年考研英语二真题完形填空没有足够的单词量啥技巧都约等于白扯，而背单词最笨也是最好的方法就是反复多轮，没错，靠一遍就记住是很难的，所以单词需要每天坚持去背。
下文是我为你精心编辑整理的往年考研英语二真题完形填空，希望对你有所帮助，更多内容，请点击相关栏目查看，谢谢!往年考研英语二真题完形填空1Directions:Read the following text。
Choose the best word(s)for each numbered blank and markA，B，C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1(10 points) In our contemporary culture，the prospect of communicating with-or even looking at-a stranger is virtually unbearable Everyone around us seems to agree by the way they fiddle with their phones，even without a 1 undergroundIts a sad reality-our desire to avoid interacting with other human beings-because theres 2 to be gained from talking to the strange r standing by you. But you wouldnt know it，3 into your phone. This universal armor sends the 4 ：Please dont approach me.What is it that makes us feel we need to hide 5 our screens?One answer is fear, according to Jon Wortmann, executive mental coach We fear rejection，or that our innocent social advances will be 6ascreep,We fear weII be 7 We fear weII be disruptive Strangers are inherently 8 to us，so we are more likely to feel 9 when communicating with them compared with our friends and acquaintances To avoid this anxiety, we 10 to our phones.Phones become our security blanket，Wortmann says.They are our happyglasses that protect us from what we perceive is going to be more 11 .But once we rip off the bandaid，tuck our smartphones in our pockets and look up，it doesnt 12 so bad. In one 2023 experiment，behavioral scientists Nicholas Epley and Juliana Schroeder asked commuters to do the unthinkable: Start a 13 . They had Chicago train commuters talk to their fellow 14 . When Dr.Epley and Ms. Schroeder asked other people in the same train station to 15 how they would feel after talking to a stranger, the commuters thought their 16 would be more pleasant if they sat on their own, the New York Times summarizes. Though the participants didnt expect a positive experience, after they 17 withthe experiment, not a single person reported having been snubbed.18 , these commutes were reportedly more enjoyable compared with those sans communication, which makes absolute sense, 19 human beings thrive off of social connections. Its that 20 : Talking to strangerscan make you feel connected.1. [A] ticket [B] permit [C]signall [D] record2. [A] nothing [B] link [C]another [D] much3. [A] beaten [B] guided [C]plugged [D] brought4. [A] message [B] cede [C]notice [D] sign5. [A] under [B] beyond [C] behind [D] from6. [A] misinterprete [B] misapplied [C] misadjusted [D] mismatched7. [A] fired [B] judged [C] replaced [D] delayed8. [A] unreasonable [B] ungreatful [C] unconventional [D] unfamiliar9. [A] comfortable [B] anxious [C] confident [D] angry10. [A] attend [B] point [C] take [D] turn11. [A] dangerous [B] mysterious [C] violent [D] boring12. [A] hurt [B] resis [C] bend [D] decay13. [A] lecture [B] conversation [C] debate [D] negotiation14. [A] trainees [B] employees [C] researchers [D] passengers15. [A] reveal [B] choose [C] predictl [D] design16. [A] voyage [B] flight [C] walk [D] ride17. [A] went through [B] did away [C] caught up [D] put up18. [A] In turn [B] In particular [C]In fact [D] In consequence19. [A] unless [B] since [C] if [D] whereas20. [A] funny [B] simple [C] Iogical [D] rare往年考研英语二真题完形填空2Directions:Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points) Why do people read negative Internet comments and do other things that will obviously be painful? Because humans have an inherent need to 1 uncertainty, according to a recent study in Psychological Science. The new research reveals that the need to know is so strong that people will 2 to satisfy their curiosity even when it is clear the answer will 3 .In a series of four experiments, behavioral scientists at the University of Chicago and the Wisconsin School of Business tested. Student’s willingness to 4 themselves to unpleasant stimuli in an effortto satisfy curiosity. For one 5 each participant was shown a pile of pens that the researcher claimed were from a previous experiment. The twist? Half of the pens would 6 an electric shock when clicked.Twenty-seven students were told which pens were electrified, another twenty-seven were told only that some were electrified 7 left alone in the room, the students who did not know which ones would shock them clicked more pens and incurred more shocks than the students who knew what would 8 subsequent experiments reproduced,this effect with other stimuli 9 the sound of finger nails on a chalkboard and photographs of disgusting insects.The drive to_10_is deeply rooted in humans. Much the same as the basic drives for_11_or shelter, says Christopher Hsee of the University of Chicago Curiosity is often considered a good instinct-it can _12_New Scientific advances, for instance-but sometimes such_13_can backfire, the insight that curiosity can drive you to do _14_things is a profound one.Unhealthy curiosity is possible to 15 , however, in a final experiment, participants who were encouraged to 16 how they would feel after viewing an unpleasant picture were less likely to 17 to see such an image. These results suggest that imagining the 18 of following through on one’s curiosity ahead of time can help determine 19 it is worth the endeavor. ” Thinking about long-term 20 is key to reducing the possible negative effects of curiosity. Hsee says “in other words, don’t read online comments”.1. [A]Protect [B] resolve [C] discuss [D] ignore2. [A]refuse [B] wait [C] regret [D] seek3. [A]hurt [B] last [C]mislead [D] rise4. [A]alert [B] tie [C] treat [D] expose5. [A]message [B] review [C] trial [D] concept6.[A] remove [B] weaken [C] interrupt [D] deliver7.[A]when [B] if [C] though [D] unless8.[A] continue [B] happen [C] disappear [D] change9.[A] rather than [B] regardless of [C] such as [D] owing to10.[A] discover [B] forgive [C] forget [D] disagree11.[A] pay [B] marriage [C] schooling [D] food12.[A] lead to [B]rest on [C] learn from [D] begin with13.[A] withdrawal [B] persistence [C] inquiry [D] diligence14.[A] self-reliant [B] self-destructive [C] self-evident [D]self-deceptive15.[A] define [B] resist [C]replace [D] trace16.[A] overlook [B] predict [C] design [D] conceal17.[A] remember [B] promise [C] choose [D] pretend18.[A] relief [B] plan [C] duty [D] outcome19.[A] why [B] whether [C] where [D] how20.[A] consequences [B] investments [C] strategies [D] limitations往年考研英语二真题完形填空3Directions:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET. (10 points) Thinner isn’t always better. A number of studies have __1___ that normal-weight people are in fact at higher risk of some diseases compared to those who are overweight. And there are health conditionsfor which being overweight is actually ___2___. For example, heavier women are less likely to develop calcium deficiency than thin women. ___3___ among the elderly, being somewhat overweight is often an___4___ of good health.Of even greater ___5___ is the fact that obesity turns out to be very difficult to define. It is often defined ___6___ body mass index, or BMI. BMI ___7__ body mass divided by the square of height. An adult with a BMI of 18 to 25 is often considered to be normal weight. Between 25 and 30 is overweight. And over 30 is considered obese. Obesity,___8___,can be divided into moderately obese, severely obese, and very severely obese.While such numerical standards seem 9 , they are not. Obesity is probably less a matter of weight than body fat. Some people with a high BMI are in fact extremely fit, 10 others with a low BMI may be in poor 11 .For example, many collegiate and professional football players 12 as obese, though their percentage body fat is low. Conversely, someone with a small frame may have high body fat but a 13 BMI.Today we have a(an) _14 _ to label obesity as a disgrace.The overweight are sometimes_15_in the media with their faces covered. Stereotypes _16_ with obesity include laziness, lack of will power,and lower prospects for success.Teachers,employers,and health professionals have been shown to harbor biases against the obese. _17_very youngchildren tend to look down on the overweight, and teasing about body build has long been a problem in schools.1. [A] denied [B] conduced [C] doubled [D] ensured2. [A] protective [B] dangerous [C] sufficient [D]troublesome3. [A] Instead [B] However [C] Likewise [D] Therefore4. [A] indicator [B] objective [C] origin [D] example5. [A] impact [B] relevance [C] assistance [D] concern6. [A] in terms of [B] in case of [C] in favor of [D] in of7. [A] measures [B] determines [C] equals [D] modifies8. [A] in essence [B] in contrast [C] in turn [D] in part9. [A] complicated [B] conservative [C] variable [D] straightforward10. [A] so [B] unlike [C] since [D] unless11. [A] shape [B] spirit [C] balance [D] taste12. [A] start [B] quality [C] retire [D] stay13. [A] strange [B] changeable [C] normal [D] constant14. [A] option [B] reason [C] opportunity [D] tendency15. [A] employed [B] pictured [C] imitated [D] monitored16. [A] [B] combined [C] settled [D] associated17. [A] Even [B] Still [C] Yet [D] Only18. [A] despised [B] corrected [C] ignored [D] grounded19. [A] discussions [B] businesses [C] policies [D] studies20. [A] for [B] against [C] with [D] without往年考研英语二真题完形填空4Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points) Given the advantages of electronic money, you might think that we would move quickly to the cashless society in which all payments are made electronically. 1 a true cashless society is probably not around the corner. Indeed, predictions have been 2 for two decades but have not yet come to fruition. For example, Business Week predicted in 1975 that electronic means of payment would soon revolutionize the very 3 of money itself, only to 4 itself several years later. Why has the movement to a cashless society been so 5 in coming?Although electronic means of payment may be more efficient than a payments system based on paper, several factors work 6 the disappearance of the paper system. First, it is very 7 to set up the computer, card reader, and telecornmunications networks necessary to make electronic money the 8 form of payment Second, paper checks have the advantage that they 9 receipts, something thai many consumers are unwilling to 10 . Third, the use of paper checks gives consumers several days of float - it takes several days 11 a check is cashed and funds are 12 from the issuers account, which means that the writer of the check can cam interest on the funds in the meantime. 13electronic payments arc immediate, they eliminate the float for the consumer.Fourth, electronic means of payment may 14 security and privacy concerns. We often hear media reports that an unauthorized hacker has been able to access a computer database and to alter information 15 there. The fact that this is not an 16 occurrence means that dishonest persons might be able to access bank accounts in electronic payments systems and 17 from someone elses accounts. The 18 of this type of fraud is no easy task, and a new field of computer science is developing to 19 security issues. A further concern is that the use of e lectronic means of payment leaves an electronic 20 that contains a large amount of personal data. There are concerns that government, employers, and marketers might be able to access these data, thereby violating our privacy.1. [A] However [B] Moreover [C] Therefore [D] Otherwise2. [A] off [B] back [C] over [D] around3. [A] power [B] concept [C] history [D] role4. [A] reward [B] resist [C] resume [D] reverse5. [A] silent [B] sudden [C] slow [D] steady6. [A] for [B] against [C] with [D] on7. [A] imaginative [B] expensive [C] sensitive [D] productive8. [A] similar [B] original [C] temporary [D] dominant9. [A] collect [B] provide [C] copy [D] print10. [A] give up [B] take over [C] bring back [D] pass down11. [A] before [B] after [C] since [D] when12. [A] kept [B] borrowed [C] released [D] withdrawn13. [A] Unless [B] Until [C] Because [D] Though14. [A] hide [B] express [C] raise [D]ease15. [A] analyzed [B] shared [C] stored [D] displayed16. [A] unsafe [B] unnatural [C] uncommon [D] unclear17. [A] steal [B] choose [C] benefit [D] return18. [A] consideration [B] prevention [C] manipulation [D] justification19. [A] cope with [B] fight against [C] adapt to [D] call for20. [A] chunk [B] chip [C] path [D] trail往年考研英语二11。
Mini-lecture 1Cultural UnderstandingLike learning a language，developing cultural understanding occurs step by step over time.Here are five stages of cultural understanding veduchina.Stage one：No understanding.一involves no awareness of the new culture：know nobody and few(1)Stage two：Sup erficial understanding.--awareness of (2) aspects of the foreign culture and stereotypes veduchina--stereotytres are(3)Stage three：Growing understanding and possible(4)--awareness of more subtle，less visible traits in foreign culture--unnecessarily bring acceptance veduchina.For anyone，the home culture is(5)Stage four：Greater(6)————understanding.一still(7) have little empathy veduchina一the(8) level is higherStage five：True empathy，and cultural (9)————.—to live in the foreign culture：the amount of time depends Oil(10)Mini-lecture 2 British Educational System1.Primary and secondary educationin Britain1)Children at the age of(1)________go to primary school.2)Students attend secondaryschool until age sixteen.3)Students enter higher education at age eighteen.2.Higher education in Britain1) In England and Wales：—Application for universities：through the UCCA；一Courses：“course”refers to a(2)_______ program，structured with a fixed program of classes；—Classes：a.classes are offered in the UK on a(3)________basis veduchina；b.more emphasi s i s placed on(4)________study；c.students write more essays and take fewer objective tests；d.classes often take the following forms：(5)______，tutorials，seminars.2) In Scotland：—A variety of tertiary level options are available：a.The colleges of further education provide vocational and (6)____education；b.Central institutions don’t directly validate degrees,but many have close ties to(7) .c.Teachers colleges veduchina；d.The standard university degree is a four—year(8)__________；parison between the US and the UK higher education1)Grading：一In the UK，(9)__________are the most common form of study assessment—The US professors grade less strictly than the UK professors veduchina2)Course levels：—Basic courses are not(10)____________at UK universities.Mini-lecture 3 Mass Media in AmericaMass media specifi cally refer to those publications and programs that attempt to serve most or all of the people in a given market.Three groups of mass media in America are briefly introduced.I. N ewspapersA.Reading newspaper is different from watching TV.—for one thing1.detailed(1)_______ of news items2.substantial treatment of news events3.interesting and stimulating opinions4.analysis over important events at home and abroac—for anotheras for the reading places, no(2)_______B.Newspapers are still a big business.—fact one: the large circulation of a number of important newspapers—fact two: the great (3)_______ of newspapers availableII. MagazinesA.great varietyB.wide range of topi csC.different target readers:the well-educated,well-informed,and(4)_____ peopleD.the top three:(5)_______ TV Guide and The Conde Nast SelectIII. Radio and TelevisionA.Radio:a first-class entertainment medium for most Americans一The future of the radio is still(6)___________B.Television--become popular after the invention of(7)_____ and videotape recorders—profound impact on society1.the socialization effect2.a(8)_________ a molder of new of new cultural trends and a molder of attitudes towards these new trends3.revolutionized the marketing of goods4.the enormous cultural impact of TV violent programs5.the impact of TV on(9)_______________To sum up，the mass media in Ameri ca has，to a great extent，changed and will still keep on changing Americans’(10)_________Mini-lecture 4 Government in Britain and the USThe focus of this lecture is different government systems in Britain and the US.Government in Britain:1. National government:the center of government in Britain iS Parliament.一Location of parliament:(1)__________.—Parliament includes the House of Common，the House of lords and the monarch.—the passage of bills:firstly brought to the House of Commons for discussion，then the house of Lords，finally(2)_________2. Local government in Britain，also known as(3)_________一make small laws,only applied in local area—got payment from(4)from national government--elected by people within each town,city or country areaGovernment in the US:1.The federal government—(5)________is the central law-making body in the US.1)the House of Representatives2)the Senate: the higher but less (6)________of the two houses of Congress.—The President has the power of (7)________a bill.—The Supreme Court: the final Court of Appeal in the US.2.The state government—Each state has its own written(8)________—The highest elected official of each state is the Governor.3.The local government—No law of local government can be(9)________with the United Constitution.To sum up，the government in each country is a (n) (10)________of its historicaland modern factors.参考答案：Mini-lecture1 (1)basi c facts (2)negative (3)offensive (4)conflict (5)much better(6)intellectual (7)emotionally (8)comfort (9)respect (10)the individualCulture understanding文化差异Today I will focus on the i ssue of culture understanding. With increasing globalization, the world becomes really small nowadays. As a member of the global, we get more chances to contact foreign cultures. And what if we want to understand foreign culture very well, what should we do? What kinds of process will we experience before we achieve that goal. The answer is not very difficult to imagine. Just like learning a language, developing culture understanding occurs steps by steps over time. Development of culture consciousness is a process that starts the stage no understanding and moves, in the best case, to the stage of true empathy移情作用,[心]神入and culture respect. So an order to make it a clearer explanation about the process, the five stages of culture understanding is presented here.Stage 1 no und erstanding This level involves no awareness of new culture. The point is quite easy to see. For a person who has few chances to get contact with other cultures, a new one sometimes might as well be like something from an unknown planet in outer space. The person does not know anyone from the culture, and has encountered few, if any, basi c facts about the culture; so naturally, the person certainly has no way to understand that culture at all.Stage 2 superficial understanding This level involves awareness of very superficial aspects of foreign culture, frequentl y negative aspects. At this stage of culture awareness, the person knows a few basic facts of new culture. These facts stand out and often serve as the basis of stereotypes 陈规,老套. However, the stereotypes are offensive because they imply that al l people from a certain culture have the same characteristi cs. At this stage of culture awareness, when stereotypes are keenly felt, the person is highly ethnocentric种族[民族]中心主义的,种族[民族, 集团]优越感的that means the person is just focused on his or her own culture as the norm of what is right and comparing the new culture with the better culture back home. Stage 3 growing und erstanding and possible conflict In this stage the learner begins to be aware of more subtle sometimes less visible traits in the foreign culture. I will give you an example here to illustrate this point. A student learned that a given culture focuses on family far more getting things accomplished. As a result, he or she begin to appreciate the huge importance of family value in this culture, so we can see thi s understanding helps the person to see why things operate the w ay they do. But such awareness doesn’t al ways bring acceptance. In this stage the person is still ethnocentri c home culture-oriented, comparing that culture that i s new to his/her old home culture and usually feel his/her home culture is much better. I think some of you, as English majors, may have the exactly same experiences when you come to be familiar with your foreign t eachers or friends. You do appreciate some of their cultures but you just can’t accept them from the bottom of your heart.Stage 4 great intellectual culture und erstanding At this stage the learner begins to comprehend intellectually the peopl e in the foreign culture yet they are still a little emotional empathy. The person can not feel what it is like to be a member of that culture, the learner thus starts to see things intellectually through the eye of culture bearers at the least part of the time, but they just can’t really feel the same way the members of foreign culture feel. The learner begins to shed ethnocentrism a little bi t and starts to understand new culture more deeply. The person knows why thing are done in the way they are done and accept these things with less irritation. So you can see now the learner obviously comprehend the briefs and actions of people in the culture, the comfort level is higher, and the person does not complain the extensively about the culture differences. That makes a big sense in the process of culture understanding.Stage 5 true empathy and culture resp ect This level is the highest one of culture awareness. To attain this level, the learner must actually live in the foreign culture for some time. As for how long the learner must live in such a culture so that they can reach stage five. The amount of time is variable, greatly depending on the individual. At the fifth stage, unlike the previous stages the learner does not just see things intellectually from the viewpoint of the culture some or most of the time, instead he/she actually feel the part of culture, respects the culture fully and emphasizes emotionally with those who have lived all their life in that culture. By doing so, the person, in real sense, achieves a true culture understanding.In summary, today’s lecture is centered on the stages and growth of culture consciousness. Altogether there are five. 1 no understanding means one does not know anyone from that culture knows few, if any, facts. 2 superficial understanding means one knows some superficial facts and stereotypes. 3 growing understanding and possible conflict means one is aware of moresubtle traits but may experience culture conflicts probably believes one’s own culture is superior. 4 great inte llectual culture understanding means one understands the culture intellectually but not emotionally. 5 true empathy and culture respect means one understands the culture both intellectually and emotionally, can feel what the people in the culture feel. Hope the lecture will be helpful in your nurturing of your culture awareness. Thanks for your patience.Mini-lecture2(1)five (2)degree (3)modular (4)independent/self-directed (5)lectures (6)technical(7)local businesses (8)Honors degree (9)written examinations (10) commonBritish Educational SystemToday I’ll talk about the British educational system, including the primary and secondary education and the higher education in Britain. Meanwhile, I’ll try to make a comparison between the US an d the UK higher education.First, I’ll briefly introduce the primary and secondary education in Britain. In England and Wales, students study in primary schools from age five until eleven. They attend secondary school until age sixteen. Before graduating, students usually take seven comprehensive exams, called the General Certificate of Secondary Education (GCSE) exams. After passing the GCSE exams, students choose to study two to four subjects intensely for the GCE Advanced Level exams, called "A levels." At eighteen, they enter higher education to focus on a parti cular subject, called a "course."Now let’s move on to the higher education in Britain. First I’ll talk about the general practi ces in England and Wales, and then the general practices in Scotland.In England and Wales, prospective university students apply for places through the Universities Central Council on Admissions (UCCA). Students do not apply directly to the universities themselves. Successful candidates are admitted directly into a specific degree "course." A degree course normally takes three or four years to complete. At most universities students study only one major subject. Each course i s structured with a fixed program of classes for the entire three years. Increasingly, universities in the United Kingdom are offering classes on a modular(课程教学)以单元为基础的basis, whi ch allows students to broaden their studies creating a more interdisciplinary program. This modularization, however, has not replaced the traditional British degree course with the American concept of credit accumulation. In addition, there is generally a sharp distinction between the arts and sciences and there is seldom any cross-over between the two.At a British university, more emphasis i s placed on independent, self-directed study than in the United States. Required texts and definite reading assignments are less common. More typi cally, an extensive reading list covering all topi cs to be discussed is di stributed at the start of the course to be used for independent research. British students typically consult a large number of sources from the library rather than intensively studying a few books purchased by everyone taking a course. In addition, students are required to write more essays and take fewer objective tests than at U.S. institutions. Classes often take the following forms: lectures, which are sometimes completely optional; tutorials, in whi ch a small number of students meet with the lecturer; and seminars, larger discussion classes often based upon seminar essays. Unlike the U.S. system of regular testing in a course, British students sit for final examinations that cover the full year's work and determine the grades for the class. With the growth of modularization, however, there has al so been an increase in the number and variety of modules offered on a semester basi s.In Scotland, there are a variety of tertiary第三的,第三位的level options available for students, the most important of whi ch are the colleges of further education, the central institutions, teachers colleges and the universities. The colleges of further education provide vocational and technical education, and enroll more students than all other tertiary institutions combined. Central institutions provide courses leading to the Higher National Diploma (HND), bachelor's degrees and some specialized master's degrees. These institutions do not have the authority to directly validate degrees and tend to offer a narrower range of subjects than the universities. Many have close ties to local businesses, offering cooperative work experiences that provide students a period of practical training.Scottish universities are quite di stinct from their British counterparts. In fact, they more closely resemble European or American universities. The standard Scottish university degree is a four-year Honors degree (BA Hons). Students are rarelyadmitted directly to a degree "course." Usually they are admitted to a faculty or simply admitted to the university as a whole. Scottish university students begin with a broad-based program during the first year and choose a specialization专门[业]化after the second or even the third year. Students may also elect to complete a three-year Ordinary degree. This i s a broad-based degree that (unlike in England) does not represent a "failed" Honors degree.Next, let’s compare the US and the UK highe r education from two aspects,]namely, grading and course levels.First, about the Grading. In the UK, assessment methods vary by institution and tend to reflect the UK teaching method and style. Written examinations, whi ch are held at the end of a year or, in some cases, in the final undergraduate year only, are the most common form of study assessment. There i s no official method of equating British and American educational qualifications. The educational systems are very different and attempts to compare them must be done on a strictly provisional basis. Many U.S. institutions have already developed systems of assessing their study abroad students or equating British grades to U.S. grades.Professors at UK institutions grade more stri ctly than their counterparts in the United States. As a result, American students studying in the UK often perceive that they have performed poorly in their classes, when they have not. Grades are given as percentages rather than letter grades. Forty percent is the minimum passing grade and high percentages are rarely awarded. A grade of seventy percent or higher is considered "with distinction."In general, percentages increase from forty rather than decrease from 100 percent, as they do in the United States.Second, about the Course Levels. A typi cal British course load will vary from 3 to 6 modules or classes per term. Most students take 4 to 5 modules per term. The number of hours in class per week will vary by institution. Students should note that general education or basi c courses are not as common at UK universities because they have already been covered at the GCSE level. Many faculties assume that a student has a basi c understanding of the concepts that will be addressed in the course. For this reason, it is common for third-year American students to take first-year and second-year courses at a UK university.With thi s, we’re coming to the end of today’s lecture. Next time, we’ll talk about university degrees.Mini-lecture3 (1)coverage (2) limitation/confinement (3) variety(4)public—conscious(5) Reader’s Digest (6) promising/bright (7)portable cameras (8) transmitter (9) religion (10)lifeMass Media in America美国媒体Good morning, everyone,today my topic i s mass media in America. By media, we refer to the variety of means by which technology transmits information and entertainment to us. Thus, in its broadest sense, the term media includes newspaper, television, movies, radio, books, and magazines. Mass media specifi cally refer to those publications and programs that attempt to serve most or all of the people in a given market. Here I would like to introduce the mass media in America by dividing them into three groups: newspaper; magazines; radio and television.First, let’s have a look at newspapers. For a long time, newspapers have been the chief means by whi ch people get themselves informed. While television has replaced newspapers as the primary source of news for most Americans, and while computer network is increasingly becoming a faster and easier way of obtaining news for many Americans, newspapers still remain as one of the most powerful means of communications in the United States. For one thing, reading newspapers i s different from watching TV. It gives detailed coverage报道范围of news items, and tends to provide substantial treatment of news events. And, sometimes it offers interesting and stimulating opinions as well as analysis over important events at home and abroad. For another, unlike watching TV, reading newspapers does not require one to be confined to his sitting-room. He can do it virtually anywhere he likes: in his car, at the breakfast table, sitting in the sun, waiting at the subway station, and believe it or not, in the restroom. So, for these and many other reasons, newspapers in the United States are still a big bus iness. And, this is borne out by two facts: (1) the large circulation of a number of important newspapers such as USA Today《今日美国》and The Wall Street Journal《华尔街日报》; (2) the great variety of newspapers available in the United States, big and small, local and national, special and general, radical and conservative, and so on. The top 3 daily newspapers in the United States are: Wall Street Journal, USA Today and New York Times《纽约时报》.Second, we’ll move to magazines. According to a statisti cal record in 1990, there were over 12,205 magazines being published in the United States. More than 4,000 of them appear monthly, and over 1,300 are published each week. They cover all topics and interests, from art and architecture to sports, from aviation航空学,飞机制造业and gardening to computers and book reviews, from fashion design and cooking to homemaking. Quite a few have international editors, are translated into other languages, or have “daughter” editions in foreign countries. Among the many internationals are National Geographic《国家地理》杂志, Reader’s Digest《读者文摘》杂志,Cosmopolitan《大都会》,Vogue《时尚》杂志,Time《时代》,Newsweek 《新闻周刊》, Scientific American and Psychology Today. The weekly newsmagazines —the best known are Time, Newsweek, and U.S. News & World Report《美国新闻与世界报道》—serve as a type of national press. Unlike newspapers, however, weekly newsmagazines tend to give extensive coverage and provide detailed, and sometimes in-depth, analysis. Also unlike newspapers, whi ch usually have the lowest common denominator in their appeal to the general reading public, weekly newsmagazines normally target at the well-educated, well-informed, and public-conscious people of the society. Many weekly newsmagazines also have considerable international impact, particularly Time and Newsweek. The top three magazines in America are: (1) Reader’s Digest; (2) TV Guide《电视导读》; (3) The Conde Nast Select.Third, I’ll say something about radio and television. In more than two generations, the two powerful mass media transformed much of American life.Radio, emerging at the same period when the Great Depression pervaded蔓延, 在…中盛行in America, provided free entertainment in the comforts of the home. Families that could no longer afford to go out for entertainment gathered together in their living rooms to escape reality by laughing, fantasizing梦想,幻想and dreaming of happier times. From then on, radio became a first-class entertainment medium for most Ameri cans. Up until now, in view of the popularity of radio programs in the United States, the future of radio as a form of medium continues to look bright.Then, with the rapid development of science and technology, TV came into being in 1920s. It primarily serves as a medium of entertainment, and then also has a big role to play as a news broadcasting agency. Networks began experimenting with news at locally owned stations as early as January 1940. But, early-day television news could not begin to compare with radio news. Only after the invention of portable cameras and videotape recorders had television been made a much more credible news medium because viewers saw pictures of the news events on the day they occurred. Consequently, access to news is made much easier, and the general public is getting better informed.Gradually, television’s impact on American society has been more and more profound. It has changed the life-styles of most Americans and become a major influence on American culture. It can be seen from 5 aspects.First and foremost is the socialization effect. Many studies have shown that TV’s dominance as household activi ty often reduces the level of communi cation among family members and, as a result, much of the culture being distributed to youngsters today in the United States comes from the tube rather than the family.Secondly, television programming has played an important role in shaping and reflecting for the masses the cultural changes that have been occurring in American Society. TV functions both as a transmitter传送[递]者of new cultural trends and as a molder造型者,模塑者of new attitudes towards these new trends.Thirdly, television has revolutionized the marketing of goods in the Ameri can economy. With TV marketing, people become vulnerable to the products, or in other words, to the commercials.Fourthly, the cultural impact of violent TV programs has been quite enormous. Needless to say, the question of violence on TV has been around nearly as long as the medium. Many critics claim that TV violence increases violence in American society.Fifthly, the impact of TV on religion has al so been an issue of great concern to many Americans. So far now, it is still an issue full of di sputes.To sum up, the mass media in Ameri ca includes so many different forms, and each of them plays a vital role in American people’s life not only in the past, but also at present and in the future. To know much about America, one must have a good knowledge about its mass media.Mini-lecture4 (1)Westminster (2)signed (3)Councils (4)local taxes (5)Congress (6)powerful(7)veto (8)Constitution (9)in di sagreement (10)embodimentGovernment in Britain and the US英美政府Today we will focus on the Government in Britain and the United States. Let’s have a look at them one after the other.Government in Britain can be divided into National government and Local government.The center of government in Britain is Parliament, which makes all the important laws for the country about crimes and punishment, taxation课税, etc. Parliament i s made up of the House of Commons, the House of Lords and the monarch. The Houses of Parliament are in Westminster in London and sometimes “Westminster” itself i s used to mean Parliament.The House of commons, or the Commons, is the lower but more powerful of the two Houses. It has 650 elected members, called Members of Parliament or MPs, each representing people in a parti cular area or constituency(议员所代表的)(全体)选民;选(举)区. The House of Lords上议院, or the Lords, is the higher but less powerful of the two Houses. It has over 1,000 members, none of whom is elected. These members include: people who have titles like Lord or Viscount子爵whi ch have been passed down to them on the death of their father; people who are given titles as a reward for their long servi ce in public life, but whose children do not inherit their title; and some important leaders of the Church of England, such as Archbishops and Bishops.The government brings bills to the House of Commons下议院, whi ch are discussed by MPs. The bills then go to the House of Lords to be di scussed. The House of Lords can suggest changes to a bill, but does not have the power to reject it. When bills come back to the Commons, MPs vote on them and if they are passed they are signed by the monarch and become Acts of Parliament.At present England, Scotland, Wales, and Northern Ireland are all governed by Parliament in Westminster. In Northern Ireland the political parties are different but their MPs still go to the House of Commons. In Scotland there is a lot of di scussion about whether Scotland should have some separate or partly separate form of government. The same is true in Wales. The Local government in Britain, also known as Councils, can make small laws, that i s bylaws, whi ch only apply in their area, but these are usually about small, local matters. For instance, they may be about fines that will be made for people who park in certain streets.Councils are paid for by local taxes and also by an amount of money given to them each year by the national government. Their main job is the organizing and providing of local services, e.g. hospitals, schools, libraries, public transport, street-cleaning, etc. They are also responsible for setting the amount of local tax that people must pay and for collecting thi s tax.Local councils are elected by people within each town, city, or county area. The people who are elected, known as councilors, usually represent one of the national political parties, but are often elected because of their policies on local issues rather than the national policies of their party.Now let’s move to the topi c of Government in the US. All levels of government in the US, including federal, state, and local, are elected by the people of the country.First, we’ll talk about the federal government. The constitution of the US specifi cally limits the power of the federal, or national, government mainly to defense, foreign affairs, printing money, controlling trade and relations between the states, and protecting human rights. The federal government is made up of the Congress , the President, and the Supreme Court. Congress, the central law-making body in the US, i s made up of the House of Representatives and the Senate. The House of Representatives is the lower but more important of the two houses of Congress. It has 435 members, called Representatives or Congressmen. The number of Representatives for each state depends on the size of the population of the state, with each state having at least one Representative. The Senate i s the higher but less powerful of the two houses of Congress. It has 100 members, called Senators, elected by their state. Each state has two Senators. Congress decides whether a BILL becomes law. If the Senate and the House of Representatives both agree to a bill, the President i s asked to agree. The President can veto the bill, but Congress can still make it a law if 2/3 of the members of each house agree to it.Second, we’ll learn something about the state government. The state government has the greatest influence in people’s daily lives. Each state has its own written Constitution, and among the states there are sometimes great differences in law on matters such as property, crime, health and education. The highest elected official of each state is the Governor. Each state also has one。
Unit 6 All in the past(Book 4, New Standard English)Section 1 Lead-inActivity 1 Historical events1066 the Norman Conquest1415 the Battle of Agincourt1588 the Defeat of Armada1805 the Battle of Trafalgar1889-1902 the Boer War1915-1916 the Battle of Gallipoli1940 Dunkirk Evacuationthe Battle of Britainthe Blitz1066: the Norman ConquestThe Norman conquest of England began in 1066 with the invasion of the Kingdom of England by the troops of William, Duke of Normandy from France (later he was called William the Conqueror), and his victory at the Battle of Hastings in the south coast of England.1415: The Battle of AgincourtThe battle was a major English victory in the Hundred Years' War. King Henry V's victory against a numerically superior French army crippled France and started a new period in the war during which Henry married the French king's daughter and then Henry's son, Henry VI, was made heir to the throne of France.1588: the Defeat of Armada1588: the Armada, a Spanish fleet attempting to invade England, was defeated by the army of Elizabeth I. This event had changed the balance of power in the 16th century Europe.1805: the Battle of Trafalgar1805: the Battle of Trafalgar, a naval battle in Trafalgar, a seaport in south-west Spain was won by the British Admiral Lord Nelson.1889-1902: the Boer War1889-1902: the Boer War in South Africa between British and Dutch settlers (Boers), won by the British.1915-1916: the Battle of Gallipoli1915-1916: the Battle of Gallipoli in Turkey during World War I, between the AlliedForces (同盟国) and the old Ottoman Empire of Turkey, with support from the Central Forces (协约国), with huge casualties (伤亡人数）on both sides.1940: Dunkirk EvacuationThe British force had to retreat from Dunkirk, a French channel port. All the soldiers were rescued, many by small fishing boats, and this was seen as a triumph.1940: the Battle of BritainA series of air battles in World War II, which fought over Britain from August to October 1940. The British defeated the German air force, and stopped Hitler’s plan to invade the UK.The Blitz (German: lightning)The Blitz (German: lightning): the bombing of London in from September 7, 1940 to May 10, 1941 by the German air force during World War II. London was bombed for 76 consecutive nights, with more than 1 million houses destroyed or damaged and about 20,000 civilians (平民) killed.Activity 2 Listening in: Winston ChurchillHis multiple identities:a statesman, an officer in the British Army, a historian, a writer and an artist.His personality:•rebellious Nobel Prize winning writer vs. poor academic performance at school•speech impediment vs. an eloquent speakerActivity 3 Listening in ---- Winston Churchill’s speechWhich of the lines did Churchill say in a speech?√(a) I have nothing to offer but blood, toil, tears and sweat.(b) Ask not what your country can do for you – ask what you can do for your country.(c)In the end, we will remember not the words of our enemies, but the silence of our friends.Listen & fill in the blanks.Blood, Toil, Tears and SweatMay 13, 1940 First Speech as Prime Minister to House of CommonsI have nothing to offer but blood, toil, tears and sweat. We have before us an ordeal of the most grievous kind. We have before us many, many long months of struggle and of suffering.我所能奉献的唯有热血、辛劳、眼泪和汗水。
2023年高考英语模拟试卷考生须知：1．全卷分选择题和非选择题两部分，全部在答题纸上作答。
选择题必须用2B铅笔填涂；非选择题的答案必须用黑色字迹的钢笔或答字笔写在“答题纸”相应位置上。
2．请用黑色字迹的钢笔或答字笔在“答题纸”上先填写姓名和准考证号。
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第一部分（共20小题，每小题1.5分，满分30分）1．The car accident happened _____ his car was out of order ___ I can’t drive.A．not that; but that B．not only; but alsoC．not because; but because D．not because; but as2．This is a very interesting book. I’ll buy it, ________.A．however much it may cost B．no matter how it may costC．how much may it cost D．however many it may cost3．-- Mom, I’ m going to the graduation dance tonight but I don’ t think I look attractive enough.—Oh, darling, don’ t worry. _______A．They don’t know what beauty is. B．Nobody will care about it.C．Y ou look perfect the way you are. D．Impossible is nothing,4．－Could you possilby take to the railway station tomorrow?A．No way B．Never mind C．Not at all D．No problem5．As is known, it was Hu Jintao, _______ president of our nation, who gave ________ lecture at the ceremony of National DayA．the; a B．the ; / C．a; the D．/; a6．After studying in a medical college for five years, Jane ______ her job as a doctor in the countryside.A．set out B．took over C．took up D．set up7．The bus would not have run into the river ________ for the bad tempered lady.A．if it were not B．had it not beenC．if it would not be D．should it not be8．Take the medicine right away! ______ it yesterday, you would be quite all right now.A．Had you taken B．Would you takeC．Should you take D．Were you to take9．Eventually, she has recognized ____, whatever happens and however bad ____ seems today, life still goes on and everything will be better tomorrow．A．that; it B．it; that C．it; what D．that; what10．Parents need to encourage kids to develop their potential _____ putting too much pressure on them.A．without B．besidesC．by D．for11．--- What caused the party to be put off? --- ______ the invitations.A．Tom delayed sending B．Tom’s delaying sendingC．Tom delaying to send D．Tom delayed to send12．When faced with a big challenge ________ potential failure seems to hide at every corner, maybe you've heard this advice before: “Be more confident.”A．where B．whose C．which D．of which13．—It______________to plant trees and grass on the hillside.—Yes. They help stop soil from being washed away.A．makes sense B．makes moneyC．makes a living D．makes a mistakes14．A survey suggests that the royal wedding of Prince William and Kate Middleton _____ a great boost for British economy because a large number of visitors are expected to go.A．will be B．has been C．was D．be15．I really don’t know how to express my thanks to Mr. Li, my high school English teacher, without whose helpI__________ to college that year.A．weren’t to go B．hadn’t been able to goC．couldn’t go D．couldn’t have gone16．More than a quarter of the energy in the United States goes to moving people and goods from one place to another.A．using B．used C．to use D．use17．David didn’t attend his daughter’s graduation ceremony, but he does wish he there.A．should be B．would beC．had been D．were18．Allen followed his customer across the yard and stood on the step of the house, two shopping bags.A．lifted B．having lifted C．to lift D．lifting19．Y ou never really understand a person________you consider things from his point of view.A．if B．onceC．as D．until20．The artist is said during the production and thus a pirated video was sold in every part of Kenya.A．to be cheated B．being cheatedC．to have been cheated D．having been cheated第二部分阅读理解（满分40分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
2017年12月英语六级听力原文（第二套）Conversation-1W: You are going to give a short speech of thanks for the speaker this evening, aren’t you, Bill?M: Yes.W: You don’t sound very enthusiastic. It’s not that bad, is it?get the first speech of thanks I did.M: No, I don’t mind, really. But I can never forW: Why? What happened?M: Well, I was in my early twenties. I joined the local history society.W: Yes?M: Anyway, I went along to a lecture by a Miss Bligh.W: Oh. Do go on.M: She was going to talk with slides about our town in the mid-18th century. She had just published a book on thesubject which was reckoned to be quite good. So I went along. When I arrived, the secretary asked me if I could give thespeech of thanks. Rather stupidly, I said yes.W: We’ve all don e it.M: Anyway, from that point on, I was scared. What should I say? I decided to make notes during the lecture and referto interesting parts and thank her on behalf of the society. In fact, by the time Miss Bligh stood up to talk, I was feelingmuch better. But she was so nervous that she kept forgetting what to say, and she spoke almost in a whisper. People at theback kept calling out “We can’t hear.” It was embarrassing.W: I can imagine it.M: At least the slides were good, that is, until the bulb in the projector blew. And she had to finish her talk with no illustrations.W: So what did you say in your speech of thanks?M: What can you say? You have be polite. I mentioned the interesting facts, referred to the excellent slides, and thefinished by sa ying “We’d all like to thank Miss Bligh for blowing out her slides.” W: Oh, no.M: I felt terrible. I tried to apologize, not very successfully.W: And the speech of thanks this evening?M: I’ll write down exactly what I’m going to say and read it carefully.1. What is the man asked to do this evening?2. What do we learn about the man?3. What does the man say about Miss Bligh?4. What does the man say about the first time he gave a speech of thanks?Conversation-2W: Another cup of tea, Paul?M: No, than ks. Well, what’s new, Laurie?W: Nothing dramatic. But there is something you should know about.M: What’s that?W: Well, our rivals are offering extended credit terms to some of the retailers in the area.M: Oh? Which rival is this? We only have two.W: Barratts Company.M: Oh, them. Well, they are hardly a threat.W: I know they are smaller than us, but we can’t afford to ignore them.M: Yes, you are right, Laurie. But I don’t like extended credit. It ties up cash we could put to better use elsewhere,I’ll look into it on Monday.W: Yes. And there is something else.M: Don’t tell me! The letter from the tax revenue office?W: Right. How did you know?M: Tara told me. What’s the problem?W: Well. Tome got this letter late yesterday and then went franti c trying to find copies of last year’s accounts.M: Did he find them?W: No. And he was away before I could get hold of the letter.M: How about a drive down to the office now? And we’ll see if everything’s all right. There’s wanted a chat with you before Monday.W: I thought as much. Well, go on. Surprise me.M: How about selling that new motorcycle of yours in Indonesia?W: What? You mean export? Paul, I think you’ve been away too long. This is Jayal Motors. We’ve abroad.M: Don’t worry, Laurie. I’m not crazy. I’ve been studying the possibility and I think we should give it a go.W: It’s not as easy as that, though, is it? We’ll have to reorganize the whole company.M: Don’t be silly. I don’t intend starting next week. We’d h ave to plan it properly. Of course, there will be a few problems.W: A few problems? I can see hundreds. For one thing, transport. I have enough trouble delivering bikes to shops only40 miles away, never mind 5,000 miles!g agents are for.M: That’s what forwardin5. What does the woman think the man should know?6. What does the woman think of Barrats Company.7. What did the woman say about the letter from the tax revenue office?8. What is the man think of doing?Passage 1A report on sleep and nutrition released this month found that people who consistently went to bed earlier than 11 p.m.took in fewer calories and ate more healthy food. In contrast, “night owls” who go to bed between 11 p.m to consume more coffee, alcohol, refined sugars and processed meats than early risers. This report corresponds with theexisting scientific literature on bedtime and wellness. The relationship between geeing more sleep and making better foodchoices is well-documented. A study published last year in The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition found that peoplewho sleep more tend to eat less unhealthy food than their peers who don’t get much rest. And a 2015 study from the University of California, Berkeley, found that teens who go to bed late are more likely to gain weight over a five-year period.neAs a group, “night owls” types tend to eat less healthy food and take in more calories overall than early risers. The later o goes to bed, the more calories one records the next day. As yet a challenge to explain the cause-and-effect relationship between sleep and nutrition, there may be a third factor that impacts both of them. Or the relationship could be reversed,that is, people who eat less fall asleep earlier. Still, if late sleepers want to lose a few pounds, they can go to bed earlier thanthey usually do, thereby, reducing their chance of taking snacks before bedtime.9.What do we learn about the report released this month?10. What does the study from the University of California, Berkeley, find about teens who go to bed late?11. What should “night owls” do to reduce their consumption of unhealthy food?Passage 2Researchers have found not just a diversity problem in Hollywood but actually an inclusion crisis. With less than aweek before an Oscars ceremony that has already been criticized for an all-whit list of acting nominees, a study shows thefilm industry does worse than television. Just 3.4 percent of film directors were female, and only 7 percent of films has castwhose balance of race and ethnicity reflected the country’s diversity. When researches looked at all TV shows, they a found that women of color over 40 were regarded as “largely invisible” and just 22 percent of TV series creators were female. Overall, the study found half the films and TV shows had no Asian speaking characters and more than one-fifth ofthem had no black characters with dialogue. The film industry still functions as a straight, whit, boy thow women are depicted, the study found female characters were four times more likely to be shown in sexy clothing andnearly four times as likely to be referred to as physically attractive. But their results also indicated films and TV shows withwomen or people of color in the important jobs behind the scenes—director, producer or writer—tended to have better diversity numbers. Across TV and film, the underrepresentation of non-white characters falls mostly on Hispanics. Amongmore than 10,000 characters, proportions of white, black and Asian characters came close to U.S. population figures. ButHispanics were just 5.8 percent of characters, despite being about 17 percent of the U.S. population.12. Why has the Oscars ceremony been criticized?13. What do we learn from the research?14. Who are regarded as “largely invisible” on TV shows?15. What does the speaker say about Hispanic?Lecture 1When purchasing life insurance, there are many important factors to consider. One should buy the policies that give themost protection at the least cost, e nsure the right family members, and consider the family’s financial needs. It is to buy the insurance from companies that are financially sound and that are represented by honest, well-trained agents. Atnt kinds of life insurance are needed for particular situations. Jerry is single and hasvarious stages in a person’s life, differeno dependents. Probable the only life insurance he needs is enough to cover his debts and burial expenses. Insurance can be purchased at a lower rate during the young years, but by buying while young, the premiums are paid in for a longer periodof time. In the end, the amount paid for premium is about the same. A person shouldn’t buy insurance pr, who is a college graduate and is working. Perhaps enough insuranceisn’t necessary. Suppose that Jerry marries Jeannettewould be needed to cover their debts and burial expenses. Now, Jeanette has quit work and their first child is on the way.They have purchased a home with a small down payment and a 30-year mortgage. The situation regarding life insurancetakes on a different look. There are dependents who need financial protection. How much insurance is needed? As thefamily increase in size, it is essential to add more insurance on the breadwinner to protect the dependents. When the children are young and depend upon the family for financial need, families with modest incomes have difficulty providingenough life insurance to protect the mother and the children. Families with modest incomes should insure the breadwinneror breadwinners first. When considering the amount of insurance for the mother with dependent children, substitute childcare is a need that should be planned for until the children can care for themselves. The death of a small child would haveno effect upon the income of the family. Perhaps a policy to meet funeral expenses would sufficient for the young child,although most people do not take out insurance on their young children. As the children become financially independent ofthe family, the emphasis on family financial security will shift from protection to saving for the retirement years. Everyfamily situation is different, but it is important that each family give adequate thought to planning its financial future.16. What life insurance should a singe person buy, according to the speaker?17. What should people do as their family increases in size?18. When should one change their life insurance?Lecture 2“Stereotype” may sound like a bad word, but there’s nothing bad about it.For one thing, stereotypes are often accurate.When you ask people about their concept of stereotypes, they get it pretty much right. Also, stereotypes are often positive,particularly of groups that we ourselves belong to. Some of the statistical generalizations may be positive as some groupshave reputations for being smart, for being loyal, for being brave, for all sorts of things that are not at all negative. And sothere’s nothing inherently wrong abut stereotypes.But there are problems with stereoty pes. For one thing, they’re reliable insofar as they’re based on unbia But a lot of the information we get about human groups is through biased sources like how they’re re And if these sources don’t give you an accurate depiction, your stereotype won’t be accurate.For example, many Jews have been troubled by Shakespeare’sdepiction of Shylock. If the only Jew you know ise we are good at Shakespeare’s Shylock, it’s going to be a very bad impression. So one problem with stereotypes is whildrawing conclusions from them, often our information isn’t reliable.A second problem is that stereotypes, regardless of whether or not they’re accurate, can have a negati people that they apply to. And this is what psychologist, Claude Steele, described as stereotype threat. He has a vivid-Americans do worse on a math test. You have the test and you put on the testexample of this. Here’s how to make Africanthat they have to identify their race. The very act of acknowledging that they are African-Americans when given a testignites in them thoughts of their own stereotype which is negative regarding academics and that makes them do worse. Wantto know how to make a woman do worse on a math test? Same thing, get her to write down her sex.One recent study found a sort of clever twist on this. When Asian-American women are given a test and they’re as to mark down their race, they do better than they would otherwise do. They’re reminded of a positive stereo their morale. You ask them, on the other hand, to mark down their sex, they do worse because they are reminded of a negative stereotype. That’s an example of how stereotypes have a potentially damaging effect on people.19. What does the speaker say about stereotype?20. What lead to the bias of stereotype?21. What does the speaker say is a problem with stereotypes?22. What did one recent study find about stereotype?Lecture 3Sometimes when you take a common drug, you may have a side effect. That is, the drug may cause some effect otherthan its intended one. When these side effects occur, they are called adverse reactions. Whenever you have an adverse reaction, you should stop taking the drug right away. Ask your pharmacist whether he can suggest a drug that will relievethe symptoms but that will not cause the adverse reaction. If an adverse reaction to a drug is serious, consult your doctor for advice at once.Drugs that are safe in the dosage stated on the label may be very dangerous in large dose. For example, aspirin is seldom thought of as dangerous, but there are many reports of accidental poisoning of young children who take too manyaspirin pills as well as the possible development of Reye syndrome in children with flu. In adults, excessive used of somepain-killing drugs may cause serve kidney damage. Some drugs for relief of stomach upsets, when taken in excess, can perhaps cause serious digestive problems. You should never use any over-the-counter drug on a regular, continued basis, orin large q uantities, except on your doctor’s advice. You could be suffering from a serious illness that needs a doctor Each drug you take not only acts on the body but may also alter the effect of any other drug you are taking. Sometimes,this can cause dangerous or even fatal reactions. For example, aspirin increases the blood-thinning effects of drugs given to patients with heart disease. Therefore, a patient who has been taking such a drug may risk bleeding if her or she uses aspirinfor a headache. Before using several drugs together you should ask your doctor and follow his advice. Your pharmacist cantell you whether certain drugs can safely be taken together.Alcohol may increase the effect of a drug—sleeping pills combine with alcohol to produce a sleepy feeling. When taking any drug, you should ask your doctor whether drinking alcohol could be dangerous in combination with the medicine.Experts believe there is a relationship between adult abuse of legitimate medicines and the drug culture has swept our country. You can do your shar to reduce the chances that your children will become part of the drug culture by treating all medicines with respect. Always let your children know that medicines and drugs should not be used carelessly.23. What does the speaker say you should do when you have an adverse reaction?24. What does the speaker say about alcohol drinking?25. What does the speaker call on parents to do at the end of the talk?。
