0625_y16_sp_4剑桥IG物理考试真题

宿迁市剑桥国际学校2013—2014学年度第二学期期终考试高二年级物理试题（2014.6）说明：试卷分选择题和非选择题两部分，满分120分。

考试用时100分钟。

一、单项选择题: 本题共6小题，每小题3分，共计18分。

每小题只有一个选项符合题意。

1.关于科学家的研究成果及贡献，下列说法中正确的是 A. 洛伦兹发现了电流的磁效应 B. 楞次提出了电磁感应定律 C ．安培首先引入电场线和磁感线D ．法拉第发现了电磁感应现象，并制成了人类历史上第一台发电机 2. 关于传感器，下列说法中正确的是 A ．干簧管是能够感知电场的传感器B ．所有传感器的材料都是由半导体材料制成的C ．霍尔元件是一种把磁感应强度转换为电压的元器件D ．电饭锅中的温度传感器是用两层膨胀系数不同的双金属片制成的3．如图所示为交流发电机示意图，线圈的AB 边连在金属滑环K 上，CD 边连在滑环L 上，导体做的两个电刷E 、F 分别压在两个滑环上，线圈在转动时可以通过滑环、电刷保持与外电路的连接。

关于其工作原理，下列说法中正确的是A ．当线圈平面转到中性面的瞬间，线圈中的感应电动势为零B ．当线圈平面转到中性面的瞬间，穿过线圈的磁通量变化率最大C ．线圈平面转动一周的时间内，线圈中的感应电流方向改变一次D ．当线圈平面转到与中性面垂直的瞬间，线圈中的感应电流为零4．如图所示电路中，规格相同的灯泡1L 、2L 、3L 分别与线圈L 、电容器C 和电阻R 串联后通过开关Ｓ接在两个交流电源上，对应供电电压瞬时值分别为1sin m u U t ω=、2sin 2m u U t ω=。

当开关Ｓ处于位置１时，灯泡1L 、2L 、3L 的亮度相同；当开关Ｓ由位置１移到位置2后，灯泡亮度情况与Ｓ处于位置１时的比较，下列说法中正确的是A ．灯泡L 1不变、L 2变亮、L 3变暗B ．灯泡L 1变亮、L 2变暗、L 3变亮C ．灯泡L 1变暗、L 2变亮、L 3不变D ．灯泡L 1变亮、L 2变暗、L 3不变5．如图所示，理想变压器原副线圈匝数比为10:1，R 0为定值电阻，R 是滑动变阻器，原线圈两端的输入电压u ＝200 sin100πtV ，设理想交流电压表V 1、V 2的示数分别是U 1、U 2；理想交流电流表A 1、A 2示数分别是I 1、I 2。

0625_y16_sp_4剑桥IG物理考试真题Cambridge International ExaminationsCambridge International General Certificate of Secondary Education 0625/04For Examination from 20161 hour 15 minutes *0123456789*PHYSICSPaper 4 Theory (Extended) SPECIMEN PAPER Candidates answer on the Question Paper.No Additional Materials are required.READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRSTWrite your Centre number, candidate number and name on all the work you hand in. Write in dark blue or black pen.You may use an HB pencil for any diagrams, graphs or rough working.Do not use staples, paper clips, glue or correction fluid.DO NOT WRITE IN ANY BARCODES.Answer all questions.Electronic calculators may be used.You may lose marks if you do not show your working or if you do not use appropriate units. Take the weight of 1.0 kg to be 10 N (acceleration of free fall = 10 m / s2).At the end of the examination, fasten all your work securely together.The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each question or part question.The syllabus is accredited for use in England, Wales and Northern Ireland as a Cambridge International Level 1/Level 2 Certificate.This document consists of 17 printed pages and 1 blank page.? UCLES 2014 [Turn over21Fig. 1.1 shows the speed-time graph for a car travelling along a straight road. The graph shows how the speed of the car changes as the car passes through a small town.speedtime / s Fig. 1.1 (a) Calculate the distance between the start of the town and the end of the town. distance = [3] ? UCLES 2014 0625/04/SP/163(b) Calculate the acceleration of the car between C and D.acceleration =[3] (c) State how the graph shows that the deceleration of the car has the same numerical value asits acceleration.[1][Total: 7]? UCLES 2014 0625/04/SP/16 [Turn over4 2 Fig. 2.1 shows a conveyor belt transporting a package to a raised platform. The belt is driven by a motor.conveyor belt package motorFig. 2.1 (a) The mass of the package is 36 kg. Calculate the increase in the gravitational potential energy (g.p.e.) of the package when it is raised through a vertical height of 2.4 m.increase in g.p.e. =[2](b) The package is raised through the vertical height of 2.4 m in 4.4 s. Calculate the power needed to raise the package.power =[2](c) The electrical power supplied to the motor is much greater than the answer to (b). Explain how the principle of conservation of energy applies to this system.[2]? UCLES 20140625/04/SP/165 (d) Assume that the power available to raise packages is constant.A package of mass greater than 36 kg is raised through the same height. Suggest and explain the effect of this increase in mass on the operation of the conveyer belt.[3] [Total: 9]? UCLES 20140625/04/SP/16[Turn over63The engine of an unpowered toy train is rolling at a constant speed on a level track, as shown in Fig. 3.1. The engine collides with a stationary toy truck, and joins with it.Fig. 3.1Before the collision, the toy engine is travelling at 0.32 m / s. The mass of the engine is 0.50 kg. (a) Calculate the momentum of the toy engine before the collision.momentum =speed = [2] (b) The mass of the truck is 0.30 kg. Using the principle of conservation of momentum, calculate the speed of the joined engine and truck immediately after the collision. [3][Total: 5]? UCLES 2014 0625/04/SP/167BLANK PAGE? UCLES 2014 0625/04/SP/16 [Turn over8 4 A solar panel is mounted on the roof of a house. Fig. 4.1 shows a section through part of the solar panel.sunlighttrapped air watercopper pipe, painted black glass sheet insulating materialFig. 4.1metal backing sheet, painted blackA pump makes water flow through the copper pipes. The water is heated by passing through the solar panel. (a) Select and explain three features of the solar panel that maximise the final temperature of the water.[4]? UCLES 20140625/04/SP/169 (b) During one day, 250 kg of water is pumped through the solar panel. The temperature of this water rises from 16 °C to 38 °C. The water absorbs 25 % of the energy incident on the solar panel. The specific heat capacity of water is 4200 J / (kg °C). Calculate the energy incident on thesolar panel during that day.energy =[4](c) The solar panel in Fig. 4.1 is designed to heat water. A person is deciding whether to install solar panels on her house. List and explain three pieces of information she needs to consider in order to make her decision.[4](d) The Sun releases energy as a result of nuclear fusion. State the meaning of nuclear fusion.[2] [Total: 14]? UCLES 20140625/04/SP/16[Turn over10 5 Fig. 5.1 shows a gas contained in a cylinder enclosed by a piston.piston pressure gaugegascylinder100 cmFig. 5.1 At first, the length of cylinder containing the gas is 100 cm. The pressure of the gas, shown by the pressure gauge, is 300 kPa. Thearea of cross-section of the cylinder is 0.12 m2. (a) (i) Describe the motion of the molecules of the gas.[1] (ii) Use the idea of momentum to explain how the molecules exert a force on the walls of the cylinder.[2]? UCLES 20140625/04/SP/1611(b) The piston is moved so that the new length of cylinder occupied by the gas is 40 cm. Thetemperature of the gas is unchanged.(i) Calculate the new pressure of the gas.pressure =(ii) Explain, in terms of the behaviour of the molecules, why the pressure has changed.[Total: 7][2] [2]? UCLES 2014 0625/04/SP/16 [Turn over126Fig. 6.1 shows a scale drawing of plane wavefronts approaching a gap in a barrier.Fig. 6.1 (a) On Fig. 6.1, draw the pattern of the wavefronts after the wave has passed through the gap. [2] (b) The wave approaching the barrier has a wavelength of 2.5 cm and a speed of 20 cm / s. Calculate the frequency of the wave.frequency =[2] (c) State what happens, if anything, to the frequency of the wave as it passes through the gap. [1]? UCLES 2014 0625/04/SP/1613(d) Explain, in terms of diffraction, why a car radio may pick up low frequency radio signals butnot pick up high frequency radio signals when the car is travelling behind a hill.? UCLES 2014 0625/04/SP/16 [2] [Total: 7] [Turn over14 7 The circuit of Fig. 7.1 includes an immersion heater and a 6.0 V battery.6.0 VXAheaterFig. 7.1 (a) State the name and purpose of component X. name purpose [1] (b) The heater is designed to work from a 3.6 V supply. It hasa power rating of 4.5 W at this voltage. By considering the current in the heater, calculate the resistance of component X when there is the correct potential difference across the heater.resistance =[5](c) Some time after the heater is switched on, the ammeter reading is seen to have decreased. Suggest why this happens.[2] [Total: 8]? UCLES 2014 0625/04/SP/16158Fig. 8.1 is a schematic diagram of an electronic circuit controlling a lamp.Fig. 8.1The output of the temperature sensor is high (logic 1) when it detects raised temperatures. Theoutput of the light sensor is high (logic 1) when it detects raised light levels.The lamp is lit when the input to the relay is high (logic 1).(a) Complete the truth table by giving the outputs of A and B.output oflight sensor output of temperature sensor output of A output of B[2] (b) State the conditions under which the lamp is lit. [1] (c) Suggest why B is connected to a relay, rather than directly to the lamp.[2][Total: 5]? UCLES 2014 0625/04/SP/16 [Turn over16 9 A plastic rod is rubbed with a cloth and becomes positively charged. After charging, the rod is held close to the suspendedtable-tennis ball shown in Fig. 9.1. The table-tennis ball is covered with metal paint and is uncharged.nylon threadlight table-tennis ball covered with metal paint positively charged rodFig. 9.1 (a) Describe what happens to the charges in the metal paint on the ball as the positively charged rod is brought close to the ball.[1](b) The ball is attracted towards the charged rod. Explain why this happens, given that the ball is uncharged.[2](c) State the unit in which electric charge is measured. [1] [Total: 4]? UCLES 20140625/04/SP/1617 10 Emissions from a radioactive source pass through a hole in alead screen and into a magnetic field, as shown in Fig. 10.1. The experiment is carried out in a vacuum.radioactive sourceAmagnetic field into paperBlead screen C 3 cmFig. 10.1 Radiation detectors are placed at A, B and C. They give the following readings: A 32 counts / min B 543 counts / min C 396 counts / minThe radioactive source is then completely removed, and the readings become: A 33 counts / min B 30 counts / min C 31 counts / min From the data given for positions A, B and C, deduce the type of emissions coming from the radioactive source. Explain your reasoning.[7] [Total: 7]? UCLES 2014 0625/04/SP/16[Turn over18 11 In Geiger and Marsden’s α-particle scattering experiment,α-particles were directed at a very thin gold foil. Fig. 11.1 shows five of the nuclei of the atoms in one layer in the gold foil. Also shown are the paths of three α-particles directed at the foil.Fig. 11.1 (a) On Fig.11.1, complete the paths of the three α-particles.[3](b) (i) State the result of the experiment that shows that an atom consists of a very tiny, charged core, containing almost all the mass of the atom.[1] (ii) State the sign of the charge on thiscore. ...................................................................... [1] (iii) State what occupies the space between these charged cores. [1](c) The nuclide notation for an α-particle is4 2α.State the number of protons and neutrons in an α-particle protons = neutrons = [1] [Total: 7]Permission to reproduce items where third-party owned material protected by copyright is included has been sought and cleared where possible. Every reasonable effort has been made by the publisher (UCLES) to trace copyright holders, but if any items requiring clearance have unwittingly been included, the publisher will be pleased to make amends at the earliest possible opportunity. Cambridge International Examinations is part of the Cambridge Assessment Group. Cambridge Assessment is the brand name of University of Cambridge Local Examinations Syndicate (UCLES), which is itself a department of the University of Cambridge.? UCLES 2014 0625/04/SP/16。

永州市剑桥学校2022年上期第一次学情调查九年级物理总分：100分时间：80分钟制卷人：一、选择题（本题共计 10 小题，每题 3 分，共计30分）1. 中华民族传统文化源远流长！下列诗句能体现“分子在不停地做无规则运动”的是（）A.大风起兮云飞扬B.柳絮飞时花满城C.满架蔷薇一院香D.秋雨梧桐叶落时2. 关于温度、热量、内能，以下说法正确的是（）A.0∘C的冰没有内能B.物体的温度越高，物体的内能越大C.物体的温度越低，所含的热量越少D.物体的内能与温度有关，只要温度不变，物体的内能就一定不变3. 以下四种改变内能的实例中，改变方式与其他三种不同的是（）A.钻木取火B.晒太阳取暖C.哈气暖手D.烧开冷水4. 关于比热容，下列说法正确的是（）A.沙子的比热容小，所以沙漠地区昼夜温差大B.将一铁块等分为两块，每一半的比热容变为原来的一半C.质量相等的水和煤油，吸收相同的热量，水的温度升得更高D.比热容与物体的质量、吸热多少、温度变化大小有关5. 一箱汽油用去一半后，剩下的汽油（）A.比热容、密度不变，热值减半B.比热容、密度、热值均减半C.比热容、密度、热值均不变D.比热容减半，密度、热值不变6. 双手相互摩擦时感觉发热，这一过程的能量转化与四冲程汽油机的哪个冲程相同（）A.吸气冲程B.压缩冲程C.做功冲程D.排气冲程7. 下列对能量转化的描述不正确的是（）A.蓄电池充电：电能转化为化学能B.发电机工作：电能转化为机械能C.萤火虫发光：生物质能转化为光能D.内燃机工作：化学能转化为内能，内能转化为机械能8. 两个相同的容器分别装了质量相同的两种液体，用同一热源分别加热，液体温度与加热时间关系如图所示。

根据图线可知（）A.甲液体的比热容大于乙液体的比热容B.如果升高相同的温度，两种液体吸收的热量相同C.加热时间相同，甲液体吸收的热量大于乙液体吸收的热量D.加热时间相同，甲液体温度升高比乙液体温度升高得多9. 关于热值与热机，下列说法不正确的是（）A.燃料的热值与燃料的种类有关系，与燃料的质量无关B.做相同有用功，效率越高的热机，消耗的燃料越少，从而节约能源，减少污染C.在设计和制造热机时，减少各种能量损失可以提高热机的效率D.燃料不能完全燃烧是因为燃料的热值变小了10. 有两个温度和质量都相等的金属球，先将甲球放入盛有热水的杯中，热平衡后水温降低了△t，把甲球取出，在将乙球放入杯中，热平衡后水温又降低了△t，若不计热损失，则两球比热容的大小关系为（）A. c甲> c乙B. c甲< c乙C. c甲= c乙D.无法判定二、填空题（每空1分，共计26分）11. 为了防控新型冠状病毒肺炎的交叉感染，某隔离地区设置智能机器人助力疫情防控．智能机器人正在向隔离区喷洒消毒液，隔离区充斥着浓厚的消毒液味道，这是一种________现象，说明了_______________________。

2022年北京剑桥中学高三物理月考试题含解析一、选择题：本题共5小题，每小题3分，共计15分．每小题只有一个选项符合题意1. （单选题）如图，ACB是一光滑的，足够长的，固定在竖直平面内的“∧”形框架，其中CA、CB边与竖直方向的夹角分别为37°和53°。

P、Q两个轻质小环分别套在CA、CB 上，两根细绳的一端分别系在P、Q环上，另一端和一绳套系在一起，结点为O。

将质量为m的钩码挂在绳套上，OP、OQ两根细绳拉直后的长度分别用l1、l2表示，受到的拉力分别用F1和F2表示，下列说法正确的是（）A．若l1= l2，则两绳受到的拉力F1=F2B．若l1= l2，则两绳受到的拉力F1>F2C．若l1<l2，则两绳受到的拉力F1<F2D．若l1>l2，则两绳受到的拉力F1=F2参考答案：C2. （多选）一列简谐横波沿x轴正方向传播，已知t=0时的波形如图所示，波上有P、Q 两点，其纵坐标分别为yP=2 cm，yQ=-2 cm。

下列说法中正确的是：A．P点的振动形式传到Q点需要T/2B．P、Q在振动的过程中，位移的大小总相等C．在5T/4内，P点通过的路程为20cmD．经过3T/8，Q点回到平衡位置E．在相等的时间内，P、Q两质点通过的路程相等参考答案：ABE3. (多选)水平桌面上平放着一副扑克牌，总共54张，每一张牌的质量都相等，牌与牌之间的动摩擦因数以及最下面一张牌与桌面之间的动摩擦因数也都相等．如图所示，用手指以竖直向下的力按压第一张牌，并以一定的速度水平移动手指，将第一张牌从牌摞中水平移出(牌与手指之间无滑动)。

设最大静摩擦力等于滑动摩擦力，则( )A．第1张牌受到手指的摩擦力方向与手指的运动方向相反B．从第2张牌到第54张牌之间的牌不可能发生相对滑动C．从第2张牌到第54张牌之间的牌可能发生相对滑动D．第54张牌受到桌面的摩擦力方向与手指的运动方向相反参考答案：AD4. 如图所示，倾角为θ的传送带沿逆时针方向以加速度a加速转动时，小物体A与传送带相对静止。

内蒙古自治区呼和浩特市剑桥中学2023-2024学年高二下学期4月月考物理试题一、单选题1．电阻R、电容C与一线圈连成闭合回路，条形磁铁静止于线圈的正上方，N极朝下，如图所示．现使磁铁开始自由下落，在N极接近线圈上端的过程中，流过R的电流方向和电容器极板的带电情况是A．从a到b，上极板带正电B．从a到b，下极板带正电C．从b到a，上极板带正电D．从b到a，下极板带正电2．如下图所示，有一边长为L的正方形导线框，质量为m，由高H处自由落下，其下边ab 进入匀强磁场区后，线圈开始做减速运动，直到其上边cd刚刚穿出磁场时，速度减为ab边刚进入磁场时速度的一半，此匀强磁场的宽度也是L，则线框在穿越匀强磁场过程中产生的焦耳热为()A．2mgL B．2mgL＋mgHC．2mgL＋34mgH D．2mgL＋14mgH3．在闭合线圈上方有一条形磁铁自由下落，直至穿过线圈的过程中，下列说法中正确的是（）A．磁铁在下落过程中机械能守恒B．磁铁的机械能增加C．磁铁的机械能有时增加有时减少D．线圈增加的内能是由磁铁减少的机械能转化而来的4．在科学研究中，科学家常将未知现象同已知现象进行比较，找出其共同点，进一步推测未知现象的特性和规律．法国物理学家库仑在研究异种电荷的吸引力问题时，曾将扭秤的振动周期与电荷间距离的关系类比单摆的振动周期与摆球到地心距离的关系．已知单摆摆长为l，引力常量为G，地球质量为M，摆球到地心的距离为r，则单摆振动周期T与距离r的关系式为（）A．2π==TT D．2π=C．=T B．2Tπ5．两个电流随时间的变化关系如图所示，把它们通入相同的电阻中，则在1s内两电阻消耗W W等于（）的电功之比:a bA．B．1 ：2C．1 ：4D．1 ：16．弹簧振子做简谐运动，其振动图象如图所示，则：A．t1、t2时刻振子的速度大小相等，方向相反B．t1、t2时刻振子加速度大小相等，方向相反C．t2、t3时刻振子的速度大小相等，方向相反D．t2、t3时刻振子的加速度大小相等，方向相同7．如图，足够长的U型光滑金属导轨平面与水平面成θ角(0＜θ＜90°)，其中MN与PQ平行且间距为L，导轨平面与磁感应强度为B的匀强磁场垂直，导轨电阻不计．金属棒ab由静止开始沿导轨下滑，并与两导轨始终保持垂直且良好接触，ab棒接入电路的电阻为R，当流过ab 棒某一横截面的电量为q 时，棒的速度大小为v ，则金属棒ab 在这一过程中( )A ．运动的平均速度大小为12vB ．下滑的位移大小为qR BLC ．产生的焦耳热为qBLvD ．受到的最大安培力大小为22sin B L v Rθ 8．一个做简谐运动的弹簧振子，周期为T ，振幅为A ，已知振子从平衡位置第一次运动到2A x =处所用的最短时间为1t ，从最大正位移处第一次运动到2A x =所用的最短时间为2t ，那么1t 与2t 的大小关系正确的是（ ）A ．12t t =B ．12t t <C ．12t t >D ．无法判断二、多选题9．一个质点在平衡位置O 点附近做机械振动。

剑桥考试题及答案一、选择题（每题2分，共20分）1. Which of the following is not a characteristic of the English language?A. Stress-timed rhythmB. Subject-verb-object word orderC. Inflectional morphologyD. Use of articles2. What is the term for a word that has the same pronunciation but different meanings?A. HomophoneB. HomographC. HomophoneD. Homonym3. In English grammar, what is the term for a sentence that is structured as subject + verb + object?A. Intransitive sentenceB. Transitive sentenceC. Declarative sentenceD. Interrogative sentence4. Which of the following is a type of adverb?A. AdjectiveB. PrepositionC. ConjunctionD. Preposition5. What is the function of the word "however" in a sentence?A. To show a contrastB. To show a causeC. To show a resultD. To show a purpose6. Which of the following is a countable noun?A. WaterB. FurnitureC. AdviceD. Information7. What is the correct past tense form of the verb "to be" for the third person singular?A. WasB. WereC. BeenD. Be8. In English, what is the term for a word that is used to describe a noun?A. VerbB. AdjectiveC. PronounD. Adverb9. What is the term for a sentence that asks a question?A. Declarative sentenceB. Imperative sentenceC. Interrogative sentenceD. Exclamatory sentence10. Which of the following is a coordinating conjunction?A. BecauseB. AlthoughC. AndD. Unless二、填空题（每题2分，共20分）1. The word "university" is a(n) ________ noun because it can be counted.2. The phrase "in spite of" is used to show ________.3. The verb "to run" is an example of an ________ verb because it does not require an object.4. The word "although" is used to show a(n) ________ between two ideas.5. The word "their" is a(n) ________ pronoun that shows possession.6. The word "quickly" is an ________ that modifies the verb "run."7. The word "because" is a(n) ________ conjunction that connects two clauses.8. The word "a" is an example of an ________ article.9. The word "many" is used with ________ nouns to indicate a large number.10. The word "however" is used to show a(n) ________ in the relationship between two clauses.三、阅读理解（每题2分，共20分）Read the following passage and answer the questions that follow.In recent years, the popularity of e-books has surged due to the convenience they offer. E-books can be easily downloaded and read on various devices, making them accessible to a wide range of readers. However, some argue that the traditional paper books still hold a special place in the hearts of many. They believe that the tactile experience of turning pages and the smell of paper are irreplaceable.1. What is the main reason for the increase in e-book popularity?2. According to the passage, what are some advantages of e-books?3. What do the opponents of e-books value about traditional books?4. What is the author's stance on the comparison between e-books and traditional books?四、写作题（40分）Write an essay on the topic "The Impact of Technology on Language Learning." In your essay, discuss the following points:1. The role of technology in language learning.2. The benefits and challenges of using technology for language learning.3. Your personal experience with language learning apps or online resources.Please provide a clear thesis statement, support your points with examples, and conclude with a summary of your main points. Your essay should be between 300-500 words.。

2023年06月大学物理四级真题含答案
一、选择题
1. 以下哪个选项描述了质点的匀速运动？
A. 速度方向和加速度方向相同且都保持不变。

B. 速度方向和加速度方向相同但都在改变。

C. 速度方向保持不变，加速度方向在改变。

D. 速度方向在改变，加速度方向保持不变。

答案：A
2. 物体在匀速直线运动中，如果速度为正值，则表示：
A. 物体向左运动。

B. 物体向右运动。

C. 物体在原地不动。

D. 无法确定物体运动的方向。

答案：B
...
二、非选择题
1. 用一个光滑带动着一个质量为1kg的物体的滑轮组，如图所示。

设无摩擦，外力F斜向上方施加在光滑带上，光滑带的倾角θ为30°。

求物体的加速度。

答案：根据牛顿第二定律可得，物体受到的向上的合力为Fcosθ-重力，物体受到的向下的合力为Fsinθ。

由于光滑带无摩擦，所以物体的加速度为(Fsinθ)/(1kg)。

2. 请简要解释电阻和电导的概念及其关系。

答案：电阻是指电流通过导体时遇到的阻碍，其单位是欧姆。

电导是指导体允许电流通过的能力，其单位是西门子。

电导和电阻是倒数关系，即电导等于电阻的倒数。

...
以上是2023年06月大学物理四级真题的部分题目和答案，更多内容请参考原始试卷。

宿迁市剑桥国际学校2013-2014学年度高一下学期期末学业质量调查测试物理试题说明：本试卷分为第Ⅰ卷、第Ⅱ卷和附加题三部分，第Ⅰ、Ⅱ卷满分100分，附加题20分，考试时间100分钟。

第Ⅰ卷（选择题共50分）一、单项选择题：本题共10小题，每小题3分，共30分，每小题只有一个选项符合题意。

1．关于物理学史实，下列说法中正确的是A．哥白尼建立了地心说B．第谷提出了行星运动的三大定律C．开普勒通过研究发现了万有引力定律D．卡文迪许用扭秤实验测出了万有引力常量【答案】DA、托勒密建立了地心说，哥白尼的贡献是提出了日心体系，用“日心说”否定了托勒密的“地心说”，故A 错误；B、开普勒在研究第谷的观察数据的基础上，提出了行星运动的三大定律，即开普勒三定律，故B错误；C、牛顿在总结开普勒等人的研究结果的基础上，通过研究发现了万有引力定律，故C错误；D、牛顿发现万有引力定律后，并没能测得万有引力常量，而是由卡文迪许用扭秤实验测出了万有引力常量，故D正确。

故选D。

【考点】物理学史2．关于曲线运动，下列说法中正确的是A．曲线运动的加速度一定是变化的B．曲线运动速度的大小可能不变C．曲线运动不一定都是变速运动D．物体在恒定合外力作用下不可能做曲线运动【答案】BA、加速度是否变化由物体的质量与合外力决定，与运动状态无关，故A错误；B、匀速圆周运动的速度大小就是不变的，故B正确；C、曲线运动的速度方向一定在发生变化，所以一定是变速运动，故C错误；D、平抛运动所受的合外力就是恒力，故D错误。

故选B。

【考点】曲线运动A．汽车处于超重状态B．汽车对拱桥的压力等于其重力C．汽车受重力、支持力、牵引力、摩擦力和向心力的作用D．汽车受到的重力和支持力的合力提供它所需的向心力，方向指向圆弧的圆心【答案】DA、汽车过拱形桥时做圆周运动，在桥的顶部时，加速度竖直向下，车处于失重状态，故A错误；B、汽车处于失重状态，车对桥的压力小于车的重力，故B错误；CD、汽车受重力、支持力、牵引力、摩擦力作用，重力与支持力的合力提供向心力，故C错误D正确。