人字嵴图
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术前CT影像三维重建确定进钉点及进钉角度在胸腰椎脊柱畸形患者椎弓根置钉手术中的应用王敬轩1,张政1,袁硕²1 济宁医学院临床医学院,山东济宁272013;2 济宁医学院附属医院脊柱外科摘要:目的 观察术前CT影像三维重建确定进钉点及进钉角度在胸腰椎脊柱畸形患者椎弓根置钉手术中的应用效果。
方法 胸腰椎脊柱畸形患者80例,其中40例患者术前使用CT影像三维重建确定进钉点及进钉角度,记为实验组;另40例患者不进行术前CT影像三维重建,记为对照组。
患者均接受椎弓根置钉手术治疗,观察并比较两组患者的置钉准确率、置钉穿破率,观察并比较两组患者中非退变性脊柱侧后凸畸形患者的畸形矫正率和退变性脊柱侧后凸畸形患者的神经功能改善情况。
结果 80例患者均顺利完成手术,置入螺钉为973枚,其中A级螺钉690枚、B级螺钉161枚、C级螺钉104枚、D级螺钉18枚、E级螺钉0枚。
实验组置钉穿破率为25.3%、置钉准确率为89.0%,对照组置钉穿破率为33.1%、置钉准确率为85.9%,实验组置钉穿破率低于对照组(P<0.05),两组间置钉准确率无统计学差异(P>0.05)。
实验组胸椎部位置钉穿破率低于对照组(P<0.05),置钉准确率无统计学差异(P>0.05)。
两组间腰椎部位置钉穿破率、置钉准确率均无统计学差异(P均>0.05)。
两组非退变性脊柱侧后凸畸形患者畸形矫正率无统计学差异(P>0.05)。
两组退变性脊柱侧后凸畸形患者JOA改善率无统计学差异(P>0.05)。
结论 在胸腰椎脊柱畸形患者的椎弓根置钉手术中,术前进行CT影像三维重建确定进钉点及进钉角度可以降低胸椎部位的置钉穿破率。
关键词:CT影像三维重建;胸腰椎脊柱畸形;椎弓根置钉手术;椎弓根螺钉doi:10.3969/j.issn.1002-266X.2023.09.013中图分类号:R687 文献标志码:A 文章编号:1002-266X(2023)09-0057-04胸腰椎脊柱畸形是一种胸腰椎椎骨外观随着发病时间进展不断出现以冠状面偏离、矢状面失衡、水平面旋转为主要表现的三维畸形[1-2],一般由先天基因异常或后天姿势不良、长期慢性劳损性损伤以及原因不明的特发性因素等导致。
椎体成形与椎体后凸成形:经皮椎弓根定位的穿刺位置及角度袁翠华;王旭;刘寿坤;王春【摘要】BACKGROUND:The key of vertebroplasty and percutaneous kyphoplasty to success is whether the puncture needle can accurately reach the vertebral body through pedicle. Therefore, it is important to identify the correct point and direction of needling in the X-ray fluoroscopy. Among many methods published in present reports, the puncture point and the puncture angle are not fixed. Few reports concerned whether the puncture needle perforated pedicle medial wal . OBJECTIVE:To seek safe, effective puncture point and the puncture angleof percutaneous pedicle from the perspective of anatomy and radiography. METHODS:The best entry point during percutaneous vertebroplasty in the X-ray fluoroscopy:dissection was performed on thoracic, lumbar skeletal samples (T 6-L 5 ) to find the position of pedicle axis leading to the rear of the vertebral body, and this position is the best entry point of percutaneous vertebroplasty. It was fixed with mini-screw. The relationship of the best entry point and pedicle developing position in the X-ray fluoroscopy was analyzed to find the best entry point in the X-ray fluoroscopy. The best entry angle during percutaneous vertebroplasty:The average included angle of pedicle axis and vertebral sagittal line was measured using autopsy and CT scanning on adult thoracic and lumbar skeletal samples (T 6-L 5 ). The best entry angle during percutaneous vertebroplasty was found. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Duringpercutaneous vertebroplasty, the best entry point in the X-ray fluoroscopy was the left pedicle projection 9 area and right pedicle projection 3 area. The optimal needle angle during percutaneous vertebroplasty:5°-10° in lumbar vertebra L1-L4;20° in L5, not more than 25°;about 5° in thoracic ve rtebra T6-T12 .%背景:椎体成形与椎体后凸成形经皮穿刺成败的关键是穿刺针能否准确地经椎弓根到达椎体,因此在X射线透视下经皮确定穿刺针正确的进针点及方向极为重要。
人体脊柱全息图(高清)人类脊柱由33块椎骨(颈椎7块,胸椎12块,腰椎5块,骶骨、尾骨共9块)借韧带、关节及椎间盘连接而成。
脊柱内部自上而下形成一条纵行的脊管,内有脊髓(注:脊柱不等于脊椎或脊椎骨,脊柱是由N块脊椎组成的)。
脊椎的作用:脊柱不仅仅是支撑你的身体、缓冲身体的压力和震荡以及保护内脏的器官;脊椎的病变也不仅仅是引起颈腰部的疼痛和麻木;它还可以引起心律失常、头痛眩晕、胃痛腹泻、血压增高、性功能障碍…… 目前发现,有超过百种的疾病与脊椎有关。
人的脊椎一旦异常,可以出现诸多看上去与脊椎毫不相关的内脏疾病。
这些疾病涉及内科、外科、神经科、内分泌科、妇科、儿科、耳鼻喉科、眼科、口腔科及皮肤科等。
许多病人辗转多家医院,多个科室,疾病未能得到根本的诊治,就是由于未能解决脊椎病变的原因。
12月7日龙氏正骨(治脊疗法)手法复位精讲班(广州站)--点击查看人的脊骨分为颈椎、胸椎、腰椎、骶椎、尾椎五个部分,其中颈椎骨有7节,胸椎骨有12节,腰椎骨有5节,骶椎、尾椎共有10节,人的脊骨从上到下共有34节。
随着年龄增长,5块骶骨融合成一块骶骨,3—5块尾椎则融合成一块尾骨,故成年人有24块独立的椎骨。
椎骨由椎体、椎弓及与椎弓相连接的突起三部分组成。
椎体:是椎骨的负重部分,由颈椎向下逐渐增大。
呈不典型的圆柱状,中间略细、两端膨大。
主要有骨松质构成,外包被薄层骨密质,上、下面较平坦,周围稍隆起,椎间盘的纤维环环绕其上。
椎弓:呈弓形,连接与椎体的两后外侧,包括椎弓根和椎弓板两部分。
椎弓很短而细,成水平位,其上、下缘各有一凹陷,分别称为椎上切迹和椎下切迹。
相邻两椎骨的上切迹和下切迹围成一空,称椎间孔,内有脊神经及血管通过。
椎弓板为椎弓根向后内侧的延续部分,是两个宽厚的骨板,在正中线汇合。
每一个椎体和椎弓围成的孔称为椎孔。
突起:由椎弓上发出一系列的突起,计有棘突1个,横突、上关节突、下关节突个1对.共7个棘突:有椎弓板汇合处呈矢状位向后或后下方突出,其末端可以在体表触及,是重要的骨性标志。
峡部裂椎体椎弓根钉入点三角骨定位法肖善富;张喜善【摘要】目的:探寻一种简单、准确、可靠的峡部裂椎体椎弓根入点定位方法。
方法研究分为两个阶段:①2008年1月~2012年1月,对60例峡部裂伴椎体滑脱患者应用CT测量峡部裂椎体椎弓根中轴线至三角骨下边的距离及其至三角骨内下角顶点的距离;对其中30例患者行手术治疗,术中在C臂机下找出峡部裂椎体椎弓根标准入点,测量峡部裂椎体椎弓根中轴线至三角骨下边的距离及其至三角骨内下角顶点间的距离。
②2012年2月~2014年1月,将60例峡部裂伴腰椎滑脱的患者,分别采用三角骨定位法置钉(A组,n=30)和AO法置钉(B组,n=30),两组患者术前资料比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。
对比两组手术时间、手术出血量及术后的疼痛评分,手术后应用X线和CT检查验证置钉效果。
结果进钉点位于三角骨面内、靠下方,大约在内下角下1/3分界线上下的区域内,距离内下角顶点4~7 mm,距离下边3~6 mm,在进针方向上,入点越靠外侧,钉尾外倾角度越大,入点越靠上方,钉尾头倾角度越大。
对比两种方法手术结果,A组明显优于B组(P<0.05)。
结论三角骨内下角及下边无明显增生,骨面清晰明确,面积小,位置恒定。
应用该定位方法置钉,操作简单、可靠、创伤小、出血少,可明显提高一次性置钉率及置钉优良率,缩短手术时间。
%Objective To search for a simple, accurate and reliable positioning method of positioning spondylolysis vertebra pedicle screw, and to evaluate the effect. Methods Research methods were divided into two stages: ①Frome January 2008 to January 2012, the distance between spondylolysis vertebral pedicle axis with lower boundary of triangular bone and the distance between spondylolysis vertebral pedicle axis with annulus inferior and medial oftrian-gular bones was measured by CT for 60 paitiens.In the same period, the distance between spondylolysis vertebral pedicle axis with lower annulus inferior and medial of triangular bone was measured by C arm X-ray in operations for 30 paitiens. ②From February 2012 to January 2014, patients with spondylolysis and spondylolisthesis of the lumbar spine were divided into two groups(group A,n=30; groupB,n=30). Respectively,this method and AO method were used to locate the point into the vertebral pedicle. Nailing effect was evaluated by X-ray and CT after the opera-tions. Operation time, blood loss and accuracy rate of locate pedicle were recorded;Then a comparison between the AO method and the new method was made. Results The entry point was located in the lower part of the triangular bone surface. It was about on the inferior trisectrix of interior-inferior angle of triangular bone. The distance was3~6mm between the interior-inferior angle and the entry point. The distance was 4~7mm between the lower boundary and the entry point. About the direction of the needle, when the entry point was on the outside that the camber angle of the nail end was bigger, when the entry point was on the above that the tail angle of the nail end was bigger. It was found that group A was better than group B by comparing the results of the two methods(P<0. 05). Conclusions Triangular bone is clear. Its area is small. And it′s position is constant. The new method is simple, reliable, small trauma, less bleeding and less muscle damage. This method significantly increases the rate of one-time nailing and shortens operation time.【期刊名称】《临床骨科杂志》【年(卷),期】2015(000)005【总页数】5页(P539-543)【关键词】腰椎滑脱;峡部裂;椎弓根钉;三角骨;定位【作者】肖善富;张喜善【作者单位】泰山医学院附属医院骨科,山东泰安 271000; 单县东大医院骨科,山东单县 274300;泰山医学院附属医院骨科,山东泰安 271000【正文语种】中文【中图分类】R681.5;R687.3伴有峡部裂的滑脱椎体位置较深、结构紊乱、软组织增生严重,应用以往定位方法行椎弓根置钉较为困难,因此寻找一个简单、形变较小、容易显露、外观直接、位置恒定的解剖定位标志尤为重要。
人字嵴顶点法相关研究进展人字嵴顶点法是徒手置入腰椎椎弓根螺钉最常用的方法之一,本文从进钉点定位、人字嵴出现率、毗邻结构、进钉点与椎弓根轴线的关系、轴向最大拔出力、置钉角度、进钉深度、手术时间、出血量及手术效果等方面对其进行介绍。
腰椎人字嵴变异少,其顶点与椎弓根轴线吻合较好。
人字嵴顶点法在一定程度上克服了十字定位法的不足,手术显露范围较小,易于显露,置钉前切口显露时间短,术中出血量少,并发症少,置钉准确率高,椎弓根螺钉固定牢靠。
[Abstract] Herringbone crest vertex technique is one of the techniques which are used the most commonly for inserting lumbar vertebra pedicle screws manually.The location of entrance point,appearing rate of herringbone crest,adjacent structures,relationship between entrance point and pedicle axis,maximum of withdrawal force,angle and depth of screw insertion,time of operation,amount of bleeding and effect of operation are described by this paper to introduce it.Herringbone crest of lumbar vertebra is hardly variant and the vertex of it shows good agreement with pedicle axis.Herringbone crest vertex technique overcomes the shortcomings of cross location technique to some extent,which is easy to expose and needless to expose too much in the operation.The exposing time of incision is short before pedicle screw,the amount of bleeding during operation and the complication is little,the accuracy of pedicle screws is high,pedicle screws is secure.[Key words] Herringbone crest;Lumbar vertebra;Pedicle screw;Entrance point目前,经后路置入椎弓根螺钉是脊柱外科手术中最常用的内固定方法[1]。
人体体表标志--针刀定位人体体表标志前面观第一颈椎上腭同一平面第二颈椎上腭牙齿咬合面同一平面第三颈椎下颌角同一平面第四颈椎舌骨同一平面第五颈椎甲状软骨同一平面第六颈椎环状软骨同一平面第二胸椎间隙胸骨颈静脉切迹同一平面第九胸椎胸骨体剑突关节同一平面第一腰椎剑突与脐联线中点同一平面第三腰椎下肋缘同一平面第三腰椎间隙脐同一平面第四腰椎髂骨嵴同一平面第二骶椎髂前上棘同一平面尾骨耻骨联合同一平面侧面和背面观:第七颈椎颈根部最突出的棘突第二胸椎两肩胛骨上角联线中点第七胸椎两肩胛骨下角联线中点第十二胸椎肩胛骨下角与髂骨嵴联线中点同一平面第三腰椎下胸肋缘同一平面第四腰椎两髂骨嵴联线中点脊柱各结构的体表定位和临床应用一,脊柱各结构的常用体表定位法(一) 触抹法:此法最方便,最常用,较准确。
是利用人体的骨性标志,对脊柱各结构进行触抹而确定其位置。
1,棘突的触抹定位法:(1) 颈椎:常利用枕外粗隆、C2、C7棘突,来确定颈椎各棘突的位置。
枕外粗隆:粗大,任何人均可准确触抹清。
沿此向下,有一凹陷,再向下推摸,可触及一骨突,即为C2棘突。
C2棘突:较大,末端分叉。
瘦弱者低头时可见其隆起于项部的上段。
任何人也可摸清。
可做为颈棘突检查的基点。
C2既定,向下推摸,即可触抹清C3棘突。
C7棘突:长而大,多不分叉。
低头时,其隆起于项背交界处。
也可准确抹清。
沿其向上触摸,就可确定C6、C5棘突的位置。
唯 C4棘突不易抹及。
但可从己标出的C3、C5棘突而可推测出其位置约。
约有20%的人,C6棘突比C7棘突长。
个别人的T1棘突比C7的长。
应注意鉴别。
(2) 腰椎棘突:常利用可准确抹清的双侧髂嵴最高点来定位。
L4棘突、或L4.5棘间,正位于双侧髂嵴最高点的连线上。
S1:双侧髂后上棘连线水平,正相当于S1椎体。
故S1中嵴也能较准确定位。
故L3、L4、L5棘突就能较准确定位;甚至L2、L1棘突也基本能定位(3) 胸椎棘突:当人直立,双上肢自然下垂,双肩胛岗内侧端连线,与 T3棘突平。