Analog Waveform User Guide

数字存储示波器GDS-1000B系列使用手册固纬料号NO.ISO-9001认证企业本手册所含资料受到版权保护，未经固纬电子实业股份有限公司预先授权，不得将手册内任何章节影印、复制或翻译成其它语言。

本手册所含资料在印制之前已经过校正，但因固纬电子实业股份有限公司不断改善产品，所以保留未来修改产品规格、特性以及保养维修程序的权利，不必事前通知。

固纬电子实业股份有限公司新北市土城区中兴路 7-1号目录3目录安全说明 (5)产品介绍 (9)GDS-1000B系列介绍 (10)外观 (14)设置 (25)内置帮助 (34)测量 (35)基础测量 (36)自动测量 (43)光标测量 (55)运算操作 (62)设置 (71)获取 (74)分段存储(选配) (79)显示 (90)水平视图 (95)垂直视图(通道) (102)总线设置(选配) (110)触发 (131)搜索(选配) (163)系统设置和其它设置 (172)A PP (176)应用程序 (177)存储/调取 (197)GDS-1000B系列使用手册4文件格式/工具 (198)创建/编辑文件标记 (203)存储 (206)调取 (213)参考波形 (219)文件工具 (221)H ARDCOPY键 (228)远程控制设置 (232)接口设置 (233)维护 (244)F AQ (249)附录 (251)更新固件 (252)安装选配App和功能模块 (253)GDS-1000B规格 (257)探棒规格 (260)GDS-1000B尺寸 (261)Declaration of Conformity (262)索引 (263)GDS-1000B 系列使用手册5安全说明本章节包含仪器操作和存储时必须遵照的重要安全说明。

在操作前请详细阅读以下内容，确保安全和最佳化的使用。

安全符号这些安全符号会出现在本使用手册或仪器上。

警告 警告：产品在某一特定情况下或实际应用中可能对人体造成伤害或危及生命注意 注意：产品在某一特定情况下或实际应用中可能对产品本身或其它产品造成损坏高压危险请参考使用手册保护导体接线端子大地(接地)端子勿将电子设备作为未分类的市政废弃物处理。

Quick GuideDS4000E Series Digital OscilloscopeMay2016TECHNOLOGIES, INC.Copyright© 2016 TECHNOLOGIES, INC. All Rights Reserved.Trademark Informationis a registered trademark of TECHNOLOGIES, INC.Publication NumberQGA21101-1110Noticesproducts are covered by P.R.C. and foreign patents, issued andpending.reserves the right to modify or change parts of or all thespecifications and pricing policies at the company’s sole decision.Information in this publication replaces all previously released materials.Information in this publication is subject to change without notice.shall not be liable for either incidental or consequential losses inconnection with the furnishing, use, or performance of this manual, as well as any information contained.Any part of this document is forbidden to be copied, photocopied, orrearranged without prior written approval of .Product Certificationguarantees that this product conforms to the national and industrialstandards in China as well as the ISO9001:2008 standard and theISO14001:2004 standard. Other international standard conformance certifications are in progress.Contact UsIf you have any problem or requirement when using our products or this manual, please contact .E-mail:*****************Website:ContentsGuaranty and Declaration (2)Contents (3)General Safety Summary (4)Safety Notices and Symbols (4)Care and Cleaning (5)Document Overview (6)General Inspection (7)Product Overview (7)To Prepare the Oscilloscope for Use (11)To Remove the Front Panel Cover (11)To Connect to Power Supply (11)Power-on Inspection (12)To Connect the Probe (12)Function Inspection for the Passive Probe (14)Probe Compensation (16)To Use the Built-in Help System (16)Remote Control (18)More Product Information (18)1.Only the exclusive power cord designed for the instrument andauthorized for use within the local country could be used.2.Ensure that the instrument is safely grounded.3.Connect the probe correctly.4.Observe all terminal ratings.e proper overvoltage protection.6.Do not operate without covers.7.Do not insert objects into the air outlet.e the proper fuse.9.Avoid circuit or wire exposure.10.Do not operate the instrument with suspected failures.11.Provide adequate ventilation.12.Do not operate in wet conditions.13.Do not operate in an explosive atmosphere.14.Keep instrument surfaces clean and dry.15.Prevent electrostatic impact.16.Handle with caution.Safety Notices and SymbolsSafety Notices in this Manual:WARNINGIndicates a potentially hazardous situation or practice which, if notavoided, will result in serious injury or death.CAUTIONIndicates a potentially hazardous situation or practice which, if notavoided, could result in damage to the product or loss ofimportant data.Safety Terms on the Product:DANGER It calls attention to an operation, if not correctly performed, could result in injury or hazard immediately.WARNING It calls attention to an operation, if not correctly performed, could result in potential injury or hazard.CAUTION It calls attention to an operation, if not correctly performed, could result in damage to the product or other devicesconnected to the product.Safety Symbols on the Product:Hazardous VoltageSafetyWarningProtective EarthTerminalChassis Ground Test GroundCare and CleaningCareDo not store or leave the instrument where it may be exposed to direct sunlight for long periods of time.CleaningClean the instrument regularly according to its operating conditions.1.Disconnect the instrument from all power sources.2.Clean the external surfaces of the instrument with a soft cloth dampenedwith mild detergent or water. When cleaning the LCD, take care to avoid scarifying it.CAUTIONTo avoid damage to the instrument, do not expose it to causticliquids.WARNINGTo avoid short-circuit resulting from moisture or personal injuries,ensure that the instrument is completely dry before connecting itto the power supply.This manual introduces some basic information that you should know when you use the DS4000E series digital oscilloscope for the first time. For more information about this instrument, log in to the official website() to download the latest version of the relevant manuals. Format Conventions in this Manual1.KeyThe key on the front panel is denoted by the format of “Key Name (Bold) + Text Box” in the manual. For example, Utility denotes the "Utility" key.2.Menu softkeyThe menu softkey is denoted by the format of "Menu Name (Bold) +Character Shading" in the manual. For example, System denotes the"System" softkey under Utility.3.Operation Procedures:The next step of the operation is denoted by an arrow "" in the manual.For example, Utility System denotes that first press Utility, andthen press System.4.KnobIcon KnobHORIZONTAL SCALE Horizontal time base knobHORIZONTAL POSITION Horizontal position knobVERTICAL SCALE Channel vertical scale knobVERTICAL POSITION Channel vertical position knobTRIGGER LEVEL Trigger level knobContent Conventions in this ManualDS4000E series includes the following models. Unless otherwise specified, this manual takes DS4024E as an example to illustrate the basic information ofDS4000E series.Model Analog Bandwidth No. of Analog ChannelsDS4024E200 MHz4DS4014E100 MHz4General Inspection1Inspect the packagingIf the packaging has been damaged, do not dispose the damagedpackaging or cushioning materials until the shipment has been checked for completeness and has passed both electrical and mechanical tests.The consigner or carrier shall be liable for the damage to the instrument resulting from shipment. would not be responsible for freemaintenance/rework or replacement of the instrument.2Inspect the instrumentIn case of any mechanical damage, missing parts, or failure in passing the electrical and mechanical tests, contact your salesrepresentative.3Check the accessoriesPlease check the accessories according to the packing lists. If theaccessories are damaged or incomplete, please contact yoursales representative.Product OverviewBased on the UltraVision technology, DS4000E is a multi-functional digital oscilloscope with high performance. It is easy to use, and its superb technical specifications and multiple functions are perfectly integrated, enabling you to quickly accomplish the tasks, such as test measurement, remote control, etc. For a brief introduction about the front panel, refer to Figure 1; for the rear panel, refer to Figure 2; and for the user interface, refer to Figure 3. For details about them, refer to the User's Guide of this instrument.Figure 1Front PanelTable 1Front Panel DescriptionNo.Description No.Description1Parameter MeasurementMenu Softkeys11Power Key2LCD12USB HOST Interface3Function Setting MenuSoftkeys13Analog Channel InputTerminals4Multi-function Knob14Vertical Control Area5Waveform Record Keys15External Trigger Input Terminal 6Navigation Knob16Horizontal Control Area7CLEAR Key17Default Key and Print Key8AUTO Key18Function Keys9RUN/STOP Key19Trigger Control Area10SINGLE Key20Probe Compensation Signal Output Terminal and Ground TerminalFigure 2Rear PanelTable 2Front Panel Description No.Description 1Trig Out/Calibration 210 MHz In/Out 3Video Output 4LAN Interface 5USB DEVICE Interface 6USB HOST Interface 7Lock Hole8AC Power Supply Connector and Power SwitchTable 3User Interface DescriptionNo.Description No.Description1Auto Measurement Option9Trigger Setting2Analog Channel Label and Waveform10CH1 Status Label3Operating Status11CH2 Status Label4Horizontal Time Base12CH3 Status Label5Sample Rate and Memory Depth13CH4 Status Label6Waveform Memory14Message Box7Trigger Position15Notification Area8Horizontal Position16Function Setting MenuTo Prepare the Oscilloscope for UseTo Remove the Front Panel CoverBefore using the oscilloscope, remove the front panel cover . Grasp the.To Connect to Power SupplyThis oscilloscope supports two kinds of AC input power supplies: 100 V-127 V , 45 Hz-440 Hz; 100 V-240 V , 45 Hz-65 Hz. Please use the power cord supplied with the accessories to connect the oscilloscope to the AC power source, as shown in the figure below. After you turn on the power switch, the oscilloscope is connected to power , and the Power key located at the lower left corner of the frontWhen the oscilloscope is connected to power, press the Power key at the lower left corner of the front panel to start the oscilloscope. During the start-up process, the oscilloscope performs a series of self-tests. You can hear the switching sound of the relay. After the self-test, the welcome screen is displayed. The "Current Options" dialog box will be displayed if your instrument currently has installed the trial versions of the options. From this dialog box, you can view the name, version, and the remaining trial time of the option currently installed. The instrument will be installed with the trial versions of the options before leaving factory. Its remaining trial time is about 2,000 minutes. You can press Utility System SelfTestInfo to view the self-test results.To Connect the Probeprovides passive and active probes for DS4000E. For detailedinformation of the probes, please refer to the User’s Guide of the corresponding probe. The following table lists the recommended probes for this oscilloscope. Model DescriptionRP3300A350MHz, passive probe, standard, auto detectionRP7150 1.5 GHz, active probe, optional, auto detection Besides, DS4000E supports Tektronix probes with TekProbe II BNC Interface (required to be used with the option -T2R1000 interface adapter).To Connect the Passive Probe1.Connect the BNC terminal of the probe to an analog channel inputterminal or the external trigger input connector on the front panel of the oscilloscope.2.Connect the ground alligator clip or spring of the probe to the circuitground terminal and connect the probe tip to the circuit point to be tested. After connecting the passive probe, you need to perform probe function inspection and probe compensation adjustment before making measurements. For detailed procedures, refer to "Function Inspection for the Passive Probe" and "Probe Compensation".To Connect the Active ProbeTake RP7150 (using the differential probe front) as an example.1.Connect the probe head to the active probe amplifier.2.Connect the other end of the active probe amplifier to the analog channelinput terminal or the external trigger input connector on the front panel of the oscilloscope. Note that you need to push the probe straight on until it latches into place.e the probing aids to connect the probe head to the circuit under test. After connecting the active probe, you can perform probe calibration and offset voltage adjustment if necessary. For detailed procedures, refer to the User's Guide of this instrument.Probe1.Connect the Tektronix probe to one end of T2R1000 adapter properly.2.Connect the other end of T2R1000 adapter to the analog channel inputterminal or the external trigger input connector on the front panel of the oscilloscope.3.Connect the ground terminal of the probe to the circuit ground terminal,and connect the probe tip to the test point of the circuit.For the specified model of the Tektronix probe, after connecting the probe, you can perform probe calibration and offset voltage adjustment if necessary. For detailed procedures, refer to the User's Guide of this instrument.Function Inspection for the Passive ProbeYou need to perform probe function inspection according to the steps below before making measurements with the passive probe.1.Press Default OKto restore the oscilloscope to factory settings.2.Connect the ground alligator clip of the probe to the "Ground Terminal" asshown in Figure 7below.3.Connect one end of the probe to CH1 input terminal of the oscilloscope, and connect the other end to the "Probe Compensation Signal Output Terminal" as shown in Figure 7.EnglishFigure 7To Use the Compensation Signal4.Press AUTO .5.Observe the waveform on the screen. In normal conditions, the squarewaveform is displayed, as shown in the figure below. If the squarewaveform actually shown does not match that in the figure below, please follow the procedures for "Probe Compensation "in the next section.Figure 8Probe Compensation Signal (Square Waveform)e the same method to inspect other analog channels.WARNINGTo avoid electric shock, please ensure that the insulated wire ofthe probe is in good condition,and do not touch the metallic partof the probe when the probe is connected to high voltage source.TipThe probe compensation signal can only be used for probe compensation adjustment and cannot be used for calibration.Probe CompensationSignal Output TerminalGround TerminalWhen the probe is used for the first time or when the probe compensation signal does not match that shown in Figure 8, you should compensate the probe to match the input channel of the oscilloscope. The non-compensated or poorly compensated probe may cause measurement errors.The procedures for the probe compensation are as follows:1.Perform Step 1, 2, 3, and 4 in the above section.2.Check the waveform displayed on the screen of the oscilloscope andcompare it with the waveforms shown in the figure below.Overcompensated Properly Compensated UndercompensatedFigure 9Probe Compensatione a nonmetallic screwdriver to adjust the low-frequency compensationadjustment hole on the probe until the waveform is displayed as "Properly Compensated" in the figure above.To Use the Built-in Help SystemThe help system of this oscilloscope provides instructions for all the function keys and menu softkeys on the front panel. Press Help to open the help interface, and press it again to close the interface. The help interface consists of two sections. The left section is "Help Options", and you can select the "Button" or "Index" tab. The right section is "Help Display Area", which displays the help information.Figure 10Help InformationButton:By default, the "Button" tab is selected. Under the tab, you can view the corresponding help information in the "Help Display Area" by pressing the keys or menu softkeys (except the Power key, multi-function knob, and the Page Up/Down key /) on the front panel directly or rotating the multi-function knob to select the desired key name (the item currently selected is displayed with brown shading) in the “Help Options” area and then pressing down the knob.Besides, you can acquire the help information of the navigation knob by rotating the multi-function knob to select "WaveSearch" or directly rotating the navigation knob to quickly select "WaveSearch". To switch to the "Index" tab, use the multi-function knob to select "To Index" and then press down the knob.Index:Under the tab, you can view the corresponding help information in the "Help Display Area" by rotating the multi-function knob to select the desired key name (the item currently selected is displayed with brown shading) in the “Help Options” area and then pressing down the knob. To switch to the Button tab, use the multi-function knob to select "To Button" and then press down the knob.ControlDS4000E series digital oscilloscope can be connected to the PC via the USB, LAN, or GPIB (option) interface to set up communication and realize remote control through the PC. The remote control can be realized by using SCPI (Standard Commands for Programmable Instruments) commands. DS4000E series digital oscilloscope supports two ways of remote control: user-defined programming and PC software (e.g. Ultra Sigma).More Product Information1.Obtain the device informationPress Utility System System Info to obtain the information of theinstrument, including the manufacturer, model, serial number, as well as software and hardware version number.2.Check the option installation statusPress Utility Options Installed to view the installation status ofthe current option.For more information about this instrument, refer to the relevant manuals by logging in to the official website of () to download them.introduces the functions of the instrumentand the operation methods, remote controlmethods, possible failures and solutions inusing the DS4000E series, specifications, andorder information;provides detailed descriptions of SCPIcommands and programming instances ofthe instrument.provides the main features and technicalspecifications of the instrument.。

3 函数信号发生器的设计智能函数信号发生器一般是指能自动产生正弦波、三角波、锯齿波和方波等函数信号波形的电路和仪器，它与示波器、电压表、频率计等仪器一样，是最普通、最基本、应用最广泛的电子仪器之一，在电子技术实验、自动控制系统和其它科研领域，几乎所有的电参量的测量都需要用到信号发生器。

3.1 设计要求设计一个智能函数信号发生器，能够以稳定的频率产生正弦波、三角波、锯齿波和方波，并能够通过按键选择输出4种不同种类的函数波形，同时具有系统复位功能。

3.2 设计方案智能函数信号发生器主要由两大部分电路组成：即函数信号发生电路和函数信号选择电路。

其中函数发生电路包括产生正弦波、三角波、锯齿波和方波4种不同函数波形的模块，如图 3 - 1所示。

开关SEL时钟CLK波形输出复位CLR图 3 - 1 函数信号发生器组成框图函数发生电路要产生4种不同的波形，因此要针对每种函数波形设计对应的电路模块。

虽然每个模块的输入和输出设置相同，但不同的函数发生模块对信号的处理方式不同。

对于三角波、锯齿波和方波3种比较规则的波形，可以用程序代码产生；而对于正弦波，则可以使用宏模块实现。

3.3 模块设计⒈正弦波产生模块正弦波的产生可用图 3 - 2所示电路实现，其中XHQ_Cout是LAM计数器，XHQ_ROM是只读存储器。

ROM中保存正弦波信号的数据，其地址由计数器XHQ_Cout提供；而XHQ_Cout是一个8位加法计数器。

在时钟信号的控制下，计数器输出q[7..0]在00000000-11111111范围内循环变化，使ROM 输出周期性变化的正弦波形信号数据。

为此需要先设计计数器XHQ_Cout和只读存储器XHQ_ROM。

图 3 - 2 正弦波产生原理图⑴定制LPM计数器①新建工程文件后，选择【Tools】 【MegaWizard Plug-In Manager…】菜单命令，在弹出的如图 3 - 3所示〖MegaWizard Plug-In Manager[page 1]〗对话框中单击按钮，接着弹出图 3 - 4所示〖MegaWizard Plug-In Manager[page 2a]〗对话框。

Infiniium 80000 Series OscilloscopesInfiniiMax II Series Probes13, 12, 10, and 8 GHz OscilloscopeMeasurement SystemsData Sheet•13, 12, 10, and 8GHz bandwidthreal-time oscilloscopes with upto 40GSa/s sample rate•Up to 2Mpts MegaZoom deepmemory at 40GSa/s samplerates and 64Mpts MegaZoomdeep memory at 4GSa/s•InfiniiMax II probing system withup to 13GHz bandwidth•Trigger jitter less than 500fs rms•Lowest vertical noise floor andlowest jitter measurement floorin the industry•After-Burner upgrade program protects your Infiniium 80000Series investment •Electronic attenuators eliminate the reliability and ESD discharge concerns associated withmechanical attenuator relays •Unrivaled InfiniiMax probing accessories support browsing,solder-in, socket use, and SMAuse models all at 12GHz orgreater bandwidth•Award-winning userinterface based on MicrosoftWindows®XP Pro supportsCD-RW, dual-monitor, andthird-party software packagesAgilent DSOsBreaking the 10 GHzPerformance Barrier The highest signal integritymeasurement system availableAn oscilloscope and probingsystem with bandwidths up to13GHz and a maximum samplerate of 40GSa/s is required tomeet the performance needs ofengineers designing state of the arthigh-speed serial communicationlinks and other ultra-high-speedelectronic systems. Modernindustry bus standards such asFibre Channel, Fully BufferedDIMM, Serial ATA, Serial AttachedSCSI, and PCI-Express haveperformance points in the 4 to8.5Gb/s range. Proprietaryhigh-speed serial buses canalso have clock rates in the 4 to8.5Gb/s range as well as risetimes faster than 50ps. Scopeswith bandwidths of 8, 10, 12, or13GHz are required to capture2Benefitsthe frequency harmonics of such high-speed signals and make accurate and repeatable measurements on them.Agilent’s award-winning InfiniiMax probing system set the standard for probing systems and the rest of the oscilloscope industry is now following this trend-setting architecture. Agilent’s InfiniiMax II probing system takes thisinnovation to an unmatched level of performance and usability.U.S. Navy imagery used in illustration without endorsement expressed or implied.3/find/infiniimaxII45/find/infiniimaxIIKey trends in theelectronics market•Technologies with dramatically increased clock speeds and edge rates have emerged.•Very fast serial differential buses are being used to save board space, reduce power and provide better noise immunity.•Densely packed circuit boards,often with stacked daughter boards, increase the need to probe in very hard-to-reach places.Key benefits of the 80000 and InfiniiMax II Series•Up to 13GHz bandwidth can track even the fastest signal speeds.• A sample rate of up to 40GSa/s can measure high-speed differential buses reliably and repeatedly.•The innovative InfiniiMax II probing system supports even the most demanding mechanical access requirements without sacrificing performance.6•The full real-time bandwidth of the oscilloscope is supported by up to a 40GSa/s sample rate.•This industry-leading sample rate produces more accurate and repeatable measurements,avoiding measurement error and signal aliasing due to under sampling, as shown above. This is especially important for high-quality jitter measurements.•The combination of up to13GHz bandwidth and 40GSa/s sample rate makes the 80000Series ideal for designs that include: PCI-Express II, Serial ATA II/III, 6Gbs SAS, 4.25 and 8.5Gbs Fibre Channel, 4.8Gbs Fully Buffered DIMM, or other high-speed electronic signals.The DSO 80000 Series Produces Accurate and Repeatable Measurements5 Gb/s real-time eye diagram with DSO81004A 8 Gb/s real-time eye diagram with DSO81204A7/find/infiniimaxIIE2690A Timing Interval and Jitter Analysis software The Agilent E2690A Advanced Time Interval and Jitter Analysis Software, licensed from Amherst Systems Associates (ASA); offers the most powerful and comprehensive set of tools for exploratory debug of jitter, and it is remarkably easy to use. The E2692A Basic Time Interval and Jitter Analysis Software offers the basic tools you need for jitter debug with the same precision you get with the advanced version. Both advanced and basic software versions provide complete jitterdecomposition into its components – including deterministic, random, and total jitter – as well as AutoMeasure to provide quick insight.Jitter Application Software PackagesE2681A EZJIT Jitter analysis softwareIncludes the following key measurements:cycle-to-cycle jitter, n-cycle jitter, period jitter,time interval error, setup and hold time,measurement histograms, measurement trending, and jitter frequency spectrum.N5400A EZJIT Plus Jitter analysis softwareQuickly separate random and deterministic jitter components and estimate total jitter at low BER for standards compliance. Automatic clock recovery and pattern detection, an easy-to-use setup wizard and graphical display views integrated into the Infiniium oscilloscope software further simplify navigation and RJ/DJ analysis.Infiniium: “It’s like someone who sits down and actually uses a scope designed this one.”Steve Montgomery, Director of Engineering, Linx TechnologiesUp to 40 GSa/s sample rate on two channelssignificantly reduces the chances of aliasing,increases measurement accuracy, and delivers thefull real-time bandwidth of the oscilloscope on twochannels simultaneously.Four channels at 20GSa/s with 8GHz real-time bandwidth or full bandwidth equivalent time modes are also available.Get fast answers to your questions with the built-in information system. Infiniium’s task-oriented Setup Guide provides step-by-step instructions for several advanced measurements and procedures.See your signal more clearly with a large (8.4-inch) high-resolution color display. Infiniium’s bright TFT display with anti-glare coating lets you see the details of your signal from all angles.20 Gb hard drive, 3.5” 1.44 MB floppy drive and rear USB port make it easy to save setup files, data files, screen shots, etc.Identify anomalies easily with color-graded persistence, a colorful visual representation of waveform distribution.Label waveforms and add notes to your screen captures — Infiniium’s keyboard makes it easy.Drag and drop markers with your mouse or use the arrow keys.Easy access to advanced features like math functions and FFTs, is provided by the Windows-based graphical user interface. This GUI also gives you unique capabilities like drag-and-drop measurements and zooming, and offers a graphical equivalent to all front panel controls.Remote access with Web-enabled connectivity,e-mail on trigger, and GPIB over LAN allows you to access your scope from remote locations.64 Mpts acquisition memory at 4GSa/s sample rate on two channels allows you to capture long time windows at high resolution – such as identifying glitches due to a power supply start-up from reset.QuickMeas+ key gives you any five automated measurements with a push of a button. You can also configure this key to print/save screen shots, save waveforms, or load a favorite setup.8Zoom and search with instant response.Zoom into your signal using the horizontal scale knob and search through your waveform with the position knob. MegaZoom technology allows you to find your area of interest quickly and easily – even with 64 Mpts waveforms.Built-in CD-R drive on rear panel allows you to update the system software conveniently and can be used to install third-party application packages.9/find/infiniimaxIIHands-free operation with the Infiniium VoiceControl option. Just speak into the microphone to operate front-panel controls.Segmented memory acquisition mode captures bursting signals at maximum sample rate without consuming memory during periods of inactivity.Removable hard disk drive option is available for added data security.Install third-party software packages such as Excel, LabView, Agilent Vee, MATLAB®, anti-virus software, and more to perform customizedprocessing and automation of your oscilloscope or to make the scope compliant to the network environment of your company.An external monitor allows you to run third-party applications on a large, high-resolution display while using the scope’s built-in monitor for high-speed waveform display.Windows® XP Pro operating system.A familiar interface makes simple tasks simple.Infiniium’s analog-like front panel has a full set of controls color coded to the waveforms and measurements, making simple tasks simple.One-year standard warranty and a variety of Agilent support options protect your investment for the long term.10MHz reference clock can be input (optional) to or output (standard) from the scope to allow precise timebase synchronization with RF instruments or logic analyzers.A new 18 GHz, BNC-compatible connectorprovides a high signal fidelity connection to Agilent active probes, SMA adapters, and standard BNCs.AutoProbe interface completely configures your scope for use with the InfiniiMax probing system and previous generation Agilent active probes.10/100 Mbps LAN interface lets you easily print waveforms on networked printers, save your results on your office PC, share information with others,and control the scope over the Web.10Two new high-bandwidth InfiniiMax IISeries probe amplifiers have been added to the InfiniiMax product line. InfiniiMax I probe amplifiers and probe heads can also be used with DSO 80000 Series scopes for lower performance applications.InfiniiMax II: The World’s Best High-Speed Probing System Just Got Better12GHz Hi-BW solder-in differential probe head provides maximum bandwidth and minimizes capacitive loading to ≤210fF.Variable spacing from 0.2 to 3.3mm (8 to 130 mills).12GHz Hi-BW differential browser provides maximum bandwidth for hand-held or probe holder use. Variable spacing from 0.2 to 3.3mm (8 to 130 mills).InfiniiMax offers you the highest performance available for measuring differential andsingle-ended signals, with flexible connectivity solutions for today’s high-density ICs and circuit boards.InfiniiMax probes have fully characterized performance for all of their various probe heads.This includes:•Swept frequency response plot•Common mode rejection vs. frequency plot •Impedance vs. frequency plot •Time-domain probe loading plot •Time-domain probe tracking plotOne-year standard warranty on active probes and a variety of Agilent support options to choose from.Controlled impedance transmission lines in every probe head deliver full performance versus the performance limitations produced by traditional wire accessories.Probe interface software allows you to save the calibration information for up to 10 different probe heads per channel and will automatically retrieve calibration data for a probe amplifier as it is attached to the scope.High-input impedance active probes minimize loading, support differential measurements and DC offset, and can compensate for cable loss.Probe calibration software delivers the most accurate probe measurements, linear phaseresponse and allows various probe combinations to be deskewed to the same reference time.InfiniiMax II probe headsThe 54006A 7.5 GHz resistive divider probe is available as a low-cost probing alternative for casual inspection of signals.A flat frequency response over the entire probe bandwidth eliminates the distortion and frequency-dependent loading effects that are present in probes that have an in-band resonance.InfiniMax I probe headsProbe Performance Plots AvailableThe InfiniiMax II probe manuals contain an extensive set of performance plots (bandwidth, probe tracking, CMRR, step response, impedance) for various probe configurations. See the following web site for this information/manuals/scopes/01169-9700_man.pdfInfiniium 80000 Series Performance CharacteristicsInfiniiMax II Series Performance CharacteristicsOrdering InformationReturn to service center required U.S. List$10,000$17,000Ordering Information (continued)as power supplies, inverters, semiconductor measurements,500 MHz (with supplied 10073C passive probe)500 MHz (with 10073C passive probe and80000 Series oscilloscope)Take the frustration out of communications testing and prove your designs conform to industry standards with the E2625A Communications Mask Test Kit option. Infiniium’s familiar Windows interface makes it easy for you to access the masks you need and configure your tests.In addition, the E2625A Communication Mask Test Kit comes with a set of electrical communication adapters to ensure convenient, reliable and accurate connections to your device under test. Included are more than 20 industry standard ANSI T1.102 and ITU-T G.703 communication signal mask templates. Logic Analyzer/Oscilloscope Time-Correlation Fixture.E2699A N5391AThe Agilent Serial BERT generator N4901B (N4902B)option 200 provides high speed digital stimulus to yourdevice with PRBS or memory based pattern from150Mb/s up to 13.5Gb/s (7Gb/s). For mor information,see /find/pulse-generators.Product Web site Array For the most up-to-date andcomplete application and productinformation, please visit ourproduct Web site at:/find/infiniimaxII /find/infiniimaxIIAgilent Technologies’ Test and Measurement Support, Services, and AssistanceAgilent Technologies aims to maximize the value you receive, while minimizing your risk and problems. We strive to ensure that you get the test and measurement capabilities you paid for and obtain the support you need. Our extensive support resources and services can help you choose the right Agilent products for your applications and apply them successfully.Every instrument and system we sell has a global warranty. Two concepts underlie Agilent's overall support policy: "Our Promise" and "Your Advantage."Our PromiseOur Promise means your Agilent test and measurement equipment will meet its advertised performance and functionality. When you are choosing new equipment, we will help you with product information, including realistic performance specifications and practical recommendations from experienced test engineers. When you receive your new Agilent equipment, we can help verify that it works properly and help with initial product operation.Your AdvantageYour Advantage means that Agilent offers a wide range of additional expert test and measurement services, which you can purchase according to your unique technical and business needs. Solve problems efficiently and gain a competitive edge by contracting with us for calibration, extra-cost upgrades, out-of-warranty repairs, and on-site education and training, as well as design, system integration, project management, and other professional engineering services. Experienced Agilent engineers and technicians worldwide can help you maximize your productivity, optimize the return on investment of your Agilent instruments and systems, and obtain dependable measurement accuracy for the life of those products.For more information on Agilent Technologies’products, applications or services, please contact your local Agilent office. The complete list is available at:/find/contactus Phone or Fax United States:(tel) 800 829 4444(fax) 800 829 4433Canada:(tel) 877 894 4414(fax) 800 746 4866China:(tel) 800 810 0189(fax) 800 820 2816Europe:(tel) 31 20 547 2111Japan:(tel) (81) 426 56 7832(fax) (81) 426 56 7840Korea:(tel) (080) 769 0800(fax) (080) 769 0900Latin America:(tel) (305) 269 7500Taiwan:(tel) 0800 047 866(fax) 0800 286 331Other Asia Pacific Countries:(tel) (65) 6375 8100(fax) (65) 67556 0042Email:*****************Contacts revised: 05/05/05Product specifications and descriptions in this document subject to change without notice.© Agilent Technologies, Inc. 2005Printed in USA, May 12, 20055989-1487ENUS /find/emailupdates Get the latest information on the products and applications you select.Agilent T&M Software and ConnectivityAgilent's Test and Measurement software and connectivity products, solutions and developer network allows you to take time out of connecting your instruments to your computer with tools based on PC standards, so you can focus on your tasks, not on your connections. Visit /find/connectivityfor more /find/agilentdirectQuickly choose and use your test equipment solutions with confidence.Agilent Email UpdatesAgilent Direct。

RELEASE NOTESMeasurement Studio These release notes supplement the Measurement Studio User Manual .Refer to this document for information about new features andfunctionality, specific updates to the documentation, and resources inMeasurement Studio. These release notes include information aboutMeasurement Studio support for Visual Studio 2008, Visual Studio 2005,Visual Studio .NET 2003, and Visual Studio 6.0.For installation instructions, installation requirements, deploymentinformation, a list of fixed bugs, and known issues, refer to theMeasurement Studio Readme . There is a different Measurement StudioReadme for each supported version of Visual Studio. The MeasurementStudio Readme files are available in the root folder of the installationCD and are linked from the Autorun menu. After installing MeasurementStudio 8.6, select Start»All Programs»National Instruments»<Measurement Studio>»Readme to access the Measurement Studio 8.6Readme.Note There are separate Start menu items for each version of Visual Studio support that you have installed.For a complete introduction to Measurement Studio and to learn aboutMeasurement Studio concepts, controls, and features, refer to theMeasurement Studio User Manual . Select Start»All Programs»National Instruments»<Measurement Studio>»Measurement StudioUser Manual to access the Measurement Studio User Manual .Tip The Documentation Updates section of these Release Notes details changes to theMeasurement Studio User Manual content.™What’s New in Measurement Studio 8.6What’s New in Measurement Studio 8.6 Support for Visual Studio 2008New features in Measurement Studio 8.6 support for Visual Studio 2008include the following. Refer to the New Features in Measurement Studio 8.6section for more information.•Measurement Studio Visual C++ Support•Technical Data Management Streaming (TDMS) .NET Support•Mouse Cursor Customizability•Additional new features–Instrument Driver Wizard HTML Tag Removal–New Properties for AutoSpacing in Graph Axes–Bug FixesWhat’s New in Measurement Studio 8.6 Support for Visual Studio 2005New features in Measurement Studio 8.6 support for Visual Studio 2005include the following. Refer to the New Features in Measurement Studio 8.6section for more information.•Technical Data Management Streaming (TDMS) .NET Support•Mouse Cursor Customizability•Additional new features–Instrument Driver Wizard HTML Tag Removal–New Properties for AutoSpacing in Graph Axes–Bug Fixesbecause there were no bug fixes or features that required a rebuild.What’s New in Measurement Studio 8.6 Support for Visual Studio.NET2003Measurement Studio support for Visual Studio .NET 2003 is considered alegacy product. The version number for Measurement Studio support forVisual Studio .NET 2003 is 8.1.2, with the exception of the ActiveXcontrols. The ActiveX controls are shared between Visual Studio.NET2003, Visual Studio 2005, and Visual Studio 2008 support and wererebuilt to fix bugs for Visual Studio 2005 and Visual Studio 2008 support.Measurement Studio Release © National Instruments Corporation 3Measurement Studio Release NotesWhat’s New in Measurement Studio 8.6 Support for Visual Studio 6.0Measurement Studio support for Visual Studio 6.0 is considered a legacyproduct. Updates to the Measurement Studio Support for Visual Studio 6.0software, including the most recent versions of the ActiveX user interfaceand 3D graph controls, are available on by selecting Support»Drivers and Updates»Software»Measurement Studio .New Features in Measurement Studio 8.6Measurement Studio Visual C++ Support for Visual Studio 2008Measurement Studio 8.6 includes Visual C++ support for Visual Studio2008, including Visual C++ class libraries and tools that integrate intoVisual Studio 2008. To use these new libraries, either create new projectsin Visual Studio 2008 or use Visual Studio 2008 to upgrade your existingVisual Studio 2005 projects that use Measurement Studio support forVisual Studio 2005 libraries.NoteMeasurement Studio 8.6 Visual C++ support for Visual Studio 2008 does notinclude the following class libraries: NI-DAQmx, NI-VISA, NI-488.2, Microsoft Excel Interface, Microsoft Word Interface, IVI class drivers, and NI-Reports. Support for NI-DAQmx, NI-VISA, and NI-488.2 will be available for download from /support in the future. If you require support for Microsoft Excel Interface, Microsoft Word Interface, IVI class drivers, or NI-Reports, contact National Instruments. Refer to Technical Support and Professional Services for information on how to contact National Instruments.Technical Data Management Streaming (TDMS) .NET SupportTechnical Data Management Streaming (TDMS) is a file format basedon the National Instruments TDM data model used to stream data to disk.You can use the TDMS .NET class library to describe, store, and readmeasurement data that is optimized for high-speed data streaming and postprocessing. Additionally, you can use the TDMS .NET class library tocreate files that you can use in LabVIEW, LabWindows ™/CVI ™, DIAdem,and third-party industry tools, and files created by these applications can beused by the TDMS .NET class library.For more information, refer to Key Measurement Studio TDMS .NETLibrary Features in the NI Measurement Studio Help.TDM Excel Add-InYou can use the TDM Excel Add-In to load NI .tdm and .tdms files intoMicrosoft Excel. Use the toolbar from within Excel to choose whichproperties are loaded into Excel at the file, group, and channel levels,including custom properties.Refer to NI Developer Zone, , for more information aboutthe TDM Excel Add-In.Mouse Cursor CustomizabilityDifferent cursor images represent different interactive operations that anend user can perform on a control. For example, when editing or selectingtext, you typically display an System.Windows.Input.Cursors.IBeam cursor, and for zooming on a graph, you typically display amagnifying lens. Now you can customize mouse cursors, at design time orprogrammatically, for different interactions with the Measurement StudioWindows Forms and Web Forms controls.Additional New FeaturesMeasurement Studio 8.6 also introduces the following new features:•Instrument Driver Wizard HTML Tag Removal—When theInstrument Driver Wizard creates .NET entry points, the InstrumentDriver Wizard extracts the specific documentation for each memberfrom the function panel (.fp) file. This documentation can containHTML entities that make it difficult to read the documentation. Withthis update, the Instrument Driver Wizard includes an option to removethe HTML tags from the documentation, making the documentationeasier to read.•New Properties for AutoSpacing in Graph Axes—You can use theAutoSpacingMajorInterval and AutoSpacingMinorIntervalproperties to return the value of the interval used when plotting withAutoSpacing.•Bug Fixes—Measurement Studio 8.6 includes many fixes forpreviously reported bugs. Refer to the fixed bug chart in theMeasurement Studio 8.6 Readme for more information. Select Start»All Programs»National Instruments»<Measurement Studio>»Readme to access the Measurement Studio 8.6 Readme. Measurement Studio Release Documentation UpdatesThe following sections describe changes to the printed MeasurementStudio User Manual for Measurement Studio 8.5. These changes will beincorporated into future revisions of the Measurement Studio User Manual. Chapter 1 UpdatesPage Text Change1-1Delete the last sentence of the third paragraph.1-4Following Step 4 of the Installation Instructions, insert the following note:Note: The Measurement Studio installation process includes a command window that opens and closes on your desktop. Closing this windowprematurely causes Measurement Studio integration features to fail to beconfigured properly. For example, Measurement Studio controls do not appear inthe Toolbox, or the Measurement Studio New Project Wizards are not available. 1-4Delete the Installing Hardware Drivers for Visual Studio 2008 Support and Installing Hardware Drivers for Visual Studio 2005 Support sections.© National Instruments Corporation5Measurement Studio Release NotesChapter 2 UpdatesPage Text Change2-1Insert a new bullet before the User Interface bullet:•Technical Data Management Streaming (TDMS)2-18Insert the following before the User Interface heading:Technical Data Management Streaming (TDMS) .NET SupportTechnical Data Management Streaming (TDMS) is a file format based on theNational Instruments TDM data model used to stream data to disk. You can usethe TDMS .NET class library to describe, store, and read measurement data thatis optimized for high-speed data streaming and post processing. Additionally, youcan use the TDMS .NET class library to create files that you can use in LabVIEW,CVI, and DIAdem, and files created by these applications can be used by theTDMS .NET class library. You can use the Measurement Studio TDMS .NETclass library to perform the following operations:•Read and write array data in a structured format from and to a .tdms file.•Read and write analog waveform data or digital waveform data, includingtiming information, from and to a .tdms file.•Using the TdmsProperty class, you can create custom properties for eachlevel of the hierarchy by defining a name, data type, and value.For more information, refer to the Key Measurement Studio TDMS .NET LibraryFeatures topic in the NI Measurement Studio Help.TDM Excel Add-InYou can use the TDM Excel Add-In to load NI .tdm and .tdms files intoMicrosoft Excel. Use the toolbar from within Excel to choose which propertiesare loaded into Excel at the file, group, and channel levels, including customproperties.To uninstall the TDM Excel Add-In, select Start»Control Panel»Add orRemove Programs, select National Instruments Software from the list, andclick the Change/Remove button. Then select NI TDM Excel Add-in from thelist, and click the Remove button.Refer to NI Developer Zone, , for more information about theTDM Excel Add-In.Measurement Studio Release © National Instruments Corporation 7Measurement Studio Release Notes Chapter 3 Updates 2-22, 2-26,2-39, 2-43Insert the following bullet at the end of the Cursor Operations section:•Create custom mouse cursors programmatically or at design time using the mouse cursor style editor.2-24, 2-41Insert the following bullet at the end of the Additional Operations section:•Create custom mouse cursors programmatically or at design time using themouse cursor style editor.PageText Change 3-1Replace the first paragraph with the following:This chapter provides overview information about the Visual C++ class librariesthat are available with Measurement Studio. Measurement Studio Visual C++support for Visual Studio .NET 2003, Visual Studio 2005, and Visual Studio 2008is the same, except where noted. Refer to the Using the Measurement StudioVisual C++ Class Libraries section of the NI Measurement Studio Help fordetailed information about these libraries.3-1Delete the Note following the introductory paragraph.3-2Insert the following at the top of the page:Note : Measurement Studio 8.6 Visual C++ support for Visual Studio 2008 doesnot include the following class libraries: NI-DAQmx, NI-VISA, NI-488.2,Microsoft Excel Interface, Microsoft Word Interface, IVI class drivers, andNI-Reports. Support for NI-DAQmx, NI-VISA, and NI-488.2 will be available ata later time. Refer to Drivers and Updates on to determine when theywill be available. If you require support for Microsoft Excel Interface, MicrosoftWord Interface, IVI class drivers, or NI-Reports, contact National Instruments.Refer to Technical Support and Professional Services in the NI MeasurementStudio Help for information on how to contact National Instruments.PageText ChangeChapter 4 UpdatesPage Text Change4-4Replace the last two bullets in the Creating a Measurement Studio Project section with the following:•Measurement Studio Visual C++ project•Measurement Studio Visual C++ project with LabWindows/CVI libraries4-9Remove the Note that appears immediately after the Creating NI-DAQmx User Code in Visual C++ heading.Learning Measurement StudioAs you work with Measurement Studio, you might need to consultadditional resources. For detailed Measurement Studio help, includingfunction reference and in-depth documentation on developing withMeasurement Studio, refer to the NI Measurement Studio Help within theVisual Studio environment. The NI Measurement Studio Help is fullyintegrated with the Visual Studio help. You must have Visual Studioinstalled to view the online help, and you must have the Microsoft .NETFramework SDK 1.1 for Visual Studio .NET 2003, the Microsoft .NETFramework SDK 2.0 for Visual Studio 2005, or the Microsoft .NETFramework SDK 3.5 for Visual Studio 2008 installed in order for linksfrom Measurement Studio help topics to .NET Framework help topics towork. You can launch the NI Measurement Studio Help in the followingways:•From the Windows Start menu, select Start»All Programs»NationalInstruments»<Measurement Studio>»Measurement StudioDocumentation. The help launches in a stand-alone help viewer.•From Visual Studio, select Help»Contents to view the Visual Studiotable of contents. The NI Measurement Studio Help is listed in the tableof contents.•From Visual Studio, select Measurement Studio»NI MeasurementStudio Help. The help launches within the application.Measurement Studio Release The following resources also are available to provide you with informationabout Measurement Studio.•Getting Started information—Refer to the Measurement Studio CoreOverview topic and the Getting Started with the Measurement StudioClass Libraries section in the NI Measurement Studio Help for anintroduction to Measurement Studio and for walkthroughs that guideyou step-by-step in learning how to develop Measurement Studioapplications. For an introduction to Measurement Studio resources,refer to the Using the Measurement Studio Help topic in theNI Measurement Studio Help.•Examples—Measurement Studio installs examples organized by classlibrary, depending on the component, the version of Visual Studioor the .NET Framework that the example supports, the version ofMeasurement Studio installed on the system, and the operating system.For more information on example locations, refer to the Where To FindExamples topic in the NI Measurement Studio Help.•Measurement Studio Web site, /mstudio—ContainsMeasurement Studio news, support, downloads, white papers, producttutorials, and purchasing information.•NI Developer Zone, —Provides access to onlineexample programs, tutorials, technical news, and Measurement Studiodiscussion forums where you can participate in discussion forums forVisual Basic 6.0, Visual C++, and .NET Languages.•Measurement Studio .NET Class Hierarchy Chart and MeasurementStudio Visual C++ Class Hierarchy Chart—Provide overviews ofclass relationships within class libraries. Charts are included with allMeasurement Studio packages and are posted online at /manuals.•Review the information from the Microsoft Web site on usingVisual Studio.National Instruments, NI, , and LabVIEW are trademarks of National Instruments Corporation.Refer to the Terms of Use section on /legal for more information about NationalInstruments trademarks. Other product and company names mentioned herein are trademarks or tradenames of their respective companies. For patents covering National Instruments products/technology,refer to the appropriate location: Help»Patents in your software, the patents.txt file on yourmedia, or the National Instruments Patent Notice at /patents.© 2006–2008 National Instruments Corporation. All rights reserved.373085E-01Nov08。

SPECIFICA TIONSPXI-56501.3 GHz RF Analog Signal GeneratorContents Definitions (2)Conditions (2)Frequency (2)Frequency Settling Time (3)Reference Clock (3)Internal Clock (3)Internal Reference Output (REF IN/OUT connector) (3)External Reference Input (REF IN/OUT connector) (4)Spectral Purity (4)Harmonics (5)Nonharmonics (6)Amplitude (7)Power Level Accuracy (8)Amplitude Settling Time (9)Signal-to-Noise Ratio (9)V oltage Standing Wave Ratio (VSWR) (9)Reverse Power Handling (10)Modulation (10)Frequency Modulation (FM) (10)Frequency Shift Keying (FSK) (11)On-Off Keying (OOK) (12)DC Power Requirements (14)Calibration (14)Physical Dimensions (14)Environment (15)Operating Environment (15)Storage Environment (15)Shock and Vibration (15)Compliance and Certifications (16)Safety (16)Electromagnetic Compatibility (16)CE Compliance (16)Online Product Certification (17)Environmental Management (17)DefinitionsWarranted specifications describe the performance of a model under stated operating conditions and are covered by the model warranty.The following characteristic specifications describe values that are relevant to the use of the model under stated operating conditions but are not covered by the model warranty.•Typical specifications describe the performance met by a majority of models.•Nominal specifications describe an attribute that is based on design, conformance testing, or supplemental testing.Specifications are Warranted unless otherwise noted.ConditionsMinimum or maximum warranted specifications are valid under the following conditions unless otherwise noted.•30 minutes warm-up time•Calibration cycle maintained•Temperature of 0 °C to 55 °CTypical specifications are valid under the following condition unless otherwise noted.•Over ambient temperature ranges of 23 °C ± 5 °CFrequencyRange1500 kHz to 1.3 GHzResolution<3 HzAccuracy Refer to the Reference Clock section.1Tunable down to 100 kHz with amplitude uncalibrated.2| | PXI-5650 SpecificationsFrequency Settling Time2Reference ClockInternal ClockInitial accuracy±3 ppm, maximumTemperature (15 ºC to 35 ºC)±1 ppm, maximumAging±5 ppm per year, maximumInternal Reference Output (REF IN/OUT connector) Frequency10 MHzAmplitude 1 V pk-pk into 50 ΩCoupling ACOutput impedance50 Ω2The frequency settling time specification includes only frequency settling and excludes anyresidual amplitude settling that may occur as the result of a large frequency change.3Frequency steps that span the full range of a voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO) require moresettling time than steps that remain close together within one VCO or steps that switch betweenVCOs. The maximum specification covers this worst-case frequency settling time.PXI-5650 Specifications| © National Instruments| 3External Reference Input (REF IN/OUT connector) Frequency10 MHz ±10 ppmAmplitude0.2 V pk-pk to 1.5 V pk-pk into 50 ΩInput impedance50 ΩLock time to external reference<1 sSpectral Purity4<0.8 Hz RMS, typicalResidual FM, 1 GHz (300 Hz to 3 kHz,RMS)Jitter5 (seconds, RMS), 622 MHz with<200 fs, typical1 kHz to 5 MHz jitter bandwidth4Wide loop bandwidth has very similar phase noise performance at 10 kHz offset, but this noiselevel extends to approximately 300 kHz offset before it starts rolling down at approximately 20 dB per decade until it reaches the far out noise density.5Measured at 0 dBm output power.4| | PXI-5650 SpecificationsFigure 1. Measured Phase Noise at 500 MHz and 1 GHz (0 dBm Output Power)d B c /H zFrequency Offset (Hz)Harmonics500 kHz to <1.3 GHz (0 dBm to -40 dBm output power)-15 dBc, typicalFigure 2. Typical Spectrum at 1.3 GHzP o w e r (d B m )Frequency (Hz)400 M 800 M 1.2 G 1.6 G 2 G 2.4 G –40–20–10–30–80–50–60–70500 k2.7 G0–90PXI-5650 Specifications | © National Instruments | 5Figure 3. T ypical Second Harmonic (HD 2) and Third Harmonic (HD 3) Levels (0 dBmOutput Power)H a r m o n i c L e v e l (d B C )Frequency (Hz)NonharmonicsNarrow Loop BandwidthTable 4. Nonharmonic Products at 0 dBm to -20 dBm Output Power6 | | PXI-5650 SpecificationsWide Loop BandwidthNot applicable6Subharmonic products 500 kHz to1.3 GHzAmplitudeResolution<0.1 dBMaximum available power 2 dB above maximum specified amplitude,typicalMinimum available power10 dB below minimum specified amplitude,typical6No harmonic multiplication in this band.PXI-5650 Specifications| © National Instruments| 7Figure 4. Measured Maximum Available PowerP o w e r (d B m )Frequency (Hz)400 M 600 M 800 M 200 M 1 G 1.2 G 1.3 G81214106422018160500 kPower Level Accuracy8 | | PXI-5650 SpecificationsFigure 5. Typical Power Accuracy, -40 dBm to 0 dBm, 5 dB Steps1.0–1.0–0.50.00.501 GFrequency (Hz)E r r o r (d B )1.3 G0.5 GAmplitude Settling Time0.05 dB of final value <500 ms, typical 0.25 dB of final value<10 ms, typicalSignal-to-Noise Ratio≥0 dBm output power<-140 dBc/Hz, typicalVoltage Standing Wave Ratio (VSWR)500 kHz to 1.3 GHz <1.8:1, typical Output impedance50 ΩPXI-5650 Specifications | © National Instruments | 9Figure 6. Measured VSWRFrequency (Hz)V S W RReverse Power HandlingRF 0.5 watts, +27 dBm 7DC25 voltsModulationFrequency Modulation (FM)Modulation waveform types Sine, triangle, square External modulation sourceNot supportedTable 8.FM T ypical Maximum Deviation7If the requested output power is less than -3 dBm, the RF reverse power handling is +15 dBm for signals ≤10 MHz.10 | | PXI-5650 SpecificationsModulation waveform frequency 1 Hz to 100 kHzCharacteristic deviation accuracy8<±3.5%Typical distortion8<0.1%SINAD8>65 dBFrequency Shift Keying (FSK)Modulation waveform typesPRBS5-order to 31-orderUser-defined Up to 1,022 bitModulation format2-FSKTable 9. FSK T ypical Maximum Deviation8 1 kHz sine wave, 10% of maximum deviation; noise bandwidth of 10 kHz.PXI-5650 Specifications| © National Instruments| 11FSK characteristic deviation accuracy (100 kHz rate, 10% of maximum deviation)<±10%Symbol ratePRBS 763 Hz to 100 kHz User-defined 763 Hz to 100 kHz Pulse shapingNot supportedFigure 7. FSK Modulation Eye Diagram, 1.0 GHz Carrier, 100 kHz Symbol Rate,500 kHz Deviation, Ninth-Order PRBS750 k 500 k 250 k0–250 k –500 k –750 k10 µ20 µ30 µ40 µ50 µTime (sec)F r e q u e n c y (H z )On-Off Keying (OOK)Modulation waveform typesPRBS 5-order to 31-order User-definedUp to 1,024 bit12 | | PXI-5650 SpecificationsTable 10. OOK T ypical AmplitudeSymbol ratePRBS 153 Hz to 100 kHz User-defined 153 Hz to 100 kHz Pulse shapingNot supportedFigure 8. OOK Diagram, 1.0 GHz Carrier, 100 kHz Symbol Rate, Ninth-Order PRBSP o w e r L e v e l (d B m )100–20–40–6050 µ100 µ150 µ200 µTime (sec)PXI-5650 Specifications | © National Instruments | 13Figure 9. OOK Diagram, 1.0 GHz Carrier, 200 kHz Symbol Rate, Ninth-Order PRBSP o w e r L e v e l (d B m )100–20–10–40–30–50–6050 µ100 µ150 µ200 µTime (sec)DC Power RequirementsCalibrationInterval1 yearPhysical DimensionsPXI-5650 module3U, one slot, PXI module 2.0 cm × 13.0 cm × 21.6 cm (0.8 in. × 5.1 in. × 8.5 in.)Weight415 g (14.6 oz)14 | | PXI-5650 SpecificationsEnvironmentMaximum altitude2,000 m (800 mbar) (at 25 °C ambienttemperature)Pollution Degree2Indoor use only.Operating EnvironmentAmbient temperature range0 °C to 55 °C (Tested in accordance withIEC 60068-2-1 and IEC 60068-2-2. MeetsMIL-PRF-28800F Class 3 low temperaturelimit and MIL-PRF-28800F Class 2 hightemperature limit.)Relative humidity range10% to 90%, noncondensing (Tested inaccordance with IEC 60068-2-56.) Storage EnvironmentAmbient temperature range-40 °C to 70 °C (Tested in accordance withIEC 60062-2-1 and IEC 60068-2-2.) Relative humidity range5% to 95%, noncondensing (Tested inaccordance with IEC 60068-2-56.)Shock and VibrationNonoperational shock30 g peak, half-sine, 11 ms pulse (Tested inaccordance with IEC 60068-2-27. Test profiledeveloped in accordance withMIL-PRF-28800F.)Random vibration nonoperating 5 Hz to 500 Hz, 2.4 g rms (Tested in accordancewith IEC 60068-2-64. Nonoperating testprofile exceeds the requirements ofMIL-PRF-28800F, Class 3.)PXI-5650 Specifications| © National Instruments| 15Compliance and CertificationsSafetyThis product is designed to meet the requirements of the following electrical equipment safety standards for measurement, control, and laboratory use:•IEC 61010-1, EN 61010-1•UL 61010-1, CSA C22.2 No. 61010-1Note For UL and other safety certifications, refer to the product label or the OnlineProduct Certification section.Electromagnetic CompatibilityThis product meets the requirements of the following EMC standards for electrical equipment for measurement, control, and laboratory use:•EN 61326-1 (IEC 61326-1): Class A emissions; Basic immunity•EN 55011 (CISPR 11): Group 1, Class A emissions•EN 55022 (CISPR 22): Class A emissions•EN 55024 (CISPR 24): Immunity•AS/NZS CISPR 11: Group 1, Class A emissions•AS/NZS CISPR 22: Class A emissions•FCC 47 CFR Part 15B: Class A emissions•ICES-001: Class A emissionsNote In the United States (per FCC 47 CFR), Class A equipment is intended foruse in commercial, light-industrial, and heavy-industrial locations. In Europe,Canada, Australia, and New Zealand (per CISPR 11), Class A equipment is intendedfor use only in heavy-industrial locations.Note Group 1 equipment (per CISPR 11) is any industrial, scientific, or medicalequipment that does not intentionally generate radio frequency energy for thetreatment of material or inspection/analysis purposes.Note For EMC declarations, certifications, and additional information, refer to theOnline Product Certification section.CE ComplianceThis product meets the essential requirements of applicable European Directives, as follows:•2014/35/EU; Low-V oltage Directive (safety)•2014/30/EU; Electromagnetic Compatibility Directive (EMC)16| | PXI-5650 SpecificationsOnline Product CertificationRefer to the product Declaration of Conformity (DoC) for additional regulatory compliance information. To obtain product certifications and the DoC for this product, visit / certification, search by model number or product line, and click the appropriate link in the Certification column.Environmental ManagementNI is committed to designing and manufacturing products in an environmentally responsible manner. NI recognizes that eliminating certain hazardous substances from our products is beneficial to the environment and to NI customers.For additional environmental information, refer to the Minimize Our Environmental Impact web page at /environment. This page contains the environmental regulations and directives with which NI complies, as well as other environmental information not included in this document.Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE)EU Customers At the end of the product life cycle, all NI products must bedisposed of according to local laws and regulations. For more information abouthow to recycle NI products in your region, visit /environment/weee.电子信息产品污染控制管理办法（中国RoHS）中国客户National Instruments符合中国电子信息产品中限制使用某些有害物质指令(RoHS)。

IntroductionNearly all consumer products today have circuits or devices that require the input of specific electronic signals in order for the product to perform correctly. This input could be as simple as the signal from an automotive knock sensor, or as complex as a serial data communication bus signal such as Controller Area Network (CAN) or Inter IC Bus (I 2C) signal. When designing and testing these devices, a mechanism is required to replicate the input signals. In many cases it may also be useful to add noise or other anomalies to the signals to test the devices under real world and stress conditions. A common approach is to create these signals using software applications or just capture a live signalusing an oscilloscope. This created or captured waveform isthen loaded in an Arbitrary/Function Generator (AFG) such as the AFG3000 Series and AFG2000 Series from Tektronix. The AFG can replicate this signal repeatedly to test the final circuit design in a controlled environment such as a temperature chamber or EMC testing room. Since replicated signals can be easily modified they allow control over the testing to verify full reliability of the device being tested. Some oscilloscopes, like the MDO3000 and MDO4000C Series, include an integrated AFG and can capture, modify and replicate the signal all in one instrument.This application note will guide you through the steps required to replicate real world signals using the Tektronix AFG product and ArbExpress software.Replicating Real World Signals with an Arbitrary/Function GeneratorApplication NoteAFG Basics First, let’s discuss what an Arbitrary/Function Generator is. Fundamentally, the Arbitrary Waveform Generator part of the AFG is a sophisticated playback system that produces waveforms based on stored digital data that describes the constantly changing voltage levels of an AC signal. To put the arbitrary concept in familiar terms, it is much like a CD player that reads out a digitally encoded analog audio signal from a disk in real time. The Arbitrary Waveform capability of the AFG offers a degree of versatility that few instruments can match. With its ability to produce almost any waveform imaginable, the AFG embraces applications ranging from automotive sensor simulation to wireless network stress testing.The Function Generator part of the AFG produces stable as well as accurate and agile waveforms in standard shapes – particularly the all-important sine and square waves. Agility is the ability to change quickly and cleanly from one frequency to another. Most AFGs offer some subset of the following familiar wave shapes: Sine Square Triangle Sweep Pulse Ramp M odulation HaversineFigure 1.Flow chart of signal replication process.Application Note/signal_sources2Today’s AFGs are designed to provide improved phase, frequency, and amplitude control of the output signal. Moreover, many AFGs offer a way to modulate the signal from internal or external sources, which is essential for some types of standards compliance testing. Creating Arbitrary WaveformsThroughout most of this note, we will be discussing the Arbitrary Waveform capability of the AFG. In order touse it, you must first create the signal to be generated. Several methods are available for this. The more common approaches are to use software to draw the waveform from specifications or to capture the waveform using an oscilloscope and then send this to the AFG for generation. We will explore both of these methods.Capture Engine Knock Sensor SignalFor our first example we will capture an automotive knock sensor output using an oscilloscope, send this to theAFG and use the replicated signal to evaluate the engine computer control system.A knock sensor is a small piezo-electrical device that is found on any newer automobile. When coupled with the Electronic Control Modules (ECM), it can identify when knock occurs and retard the ignition timing accordingly. Generating different amplitudes and timing of this knock sensor signal can greatly speed up overall testing of the ECM design and eliminate the requirement to wait for the engine to knock in order to accurately test the ECM device. Without the use of a signal source to generate this signal, evaluation of the design would be a much harder task. To capture a real life knock signal including all overlaid distortions and anomalies, one needs to probe the output signal of the piezo-sensor and capture the signal while the engine is running. The sensor signal should represent the signal and timing produced by all cylinders of that particular engine. The next step is to extract one knock of one cylinder and replicate this signal with the AFG.In our case, we first capture a non-distorted signal and potentially add anomalies throughout the test procedure. Waiting for the engine to knock can be a tedious task. Therefore, to capture the signal we will use a known good sensor, remove the sensor from the engine and tap it with a small wrench to simulate an engine knock. This approach works very well to simulate how the sensor reacts to a true engine knock. The resultant waveform is then capturedon a Tektronix portable TPS2000 Series oscilloscope. It represents the ideal signal of one knock and one cylinder of the Engine. See Figure 2.Figure 2.Knock sensor captured on oscilloscope./signal_sources3Replicating Real World Signals with an Arbitrary/Function GeneratorUsing ArbExpress™ Software Scope Acquisition WizardOnce the signal has been captured on the oscilloscope,we can use Tektronix’ AFG’s free companion software, “ArbExpress” and its Scope Acquisition Wizard to grabthe waveform from the oscilloscope. This is done via the oscilloscope’s supported TekVisa connections such as LAN, GPIB or RS232. The acquisition wizard takes you through the required steps which ensure you grab just the portionof the waveform you are interested in. If you want the complete waveform, ArbExpress™ software can also import it directly or open .CSV file formats that many oscilloscopes support.Adding Noise to the Imported Waveform After importing the waveform, ArbExpress software allows for editing of the waveform. Various tools such as free hand drawing, point draw and waveform math give the user ample freedom and flexibility to modify the waveform. To test the final device under real world or extreme conditions one can easily add noise or anomalies to the waveform. This eliminates the effort of capturing a "distorted" signal with an oscilloscope. One can simply add the distortions with ArbExpress.Transfer Edited Waveform to AFGOnce the waveform looks exactly how you want it, you can easily transfer it using ArbExpress software directlyto an AFG, an MDO3000 with option MDO3AFG, or an MDO4000C with option MDO4AFG, through a USB, LAN or GPIB interface. If desired, the waveform can also be saved on a USB memory device and opened directly on the AFG instrument using its USB port on the front panel. Via the USB memory device, libraries of waveforms can be saved and opened effortlessly.Figure 3. ArbExpress Scope Acquisition Wizard.Figure 4.ArbExpress Math Function to add Noise. Application Note/signal_sources4Once the waveform is transferred or loaded into thearbitrary waveform memory of the AFG, the large display shows the waveform that will be generated. This takes the guesswork out of knowing whether you have loaded the correct waveform. The final steps are to set the desired amplitude and frequency (repetition rate of the waveform memory used), and to turn on the output. This allows for easy testing of the ECM device with different amplitudes of the sensor pulse. One can also activate a variable noise source in the signal generator output path to test for the amount of noise the ECM can tolerate.Synchronizing Multiple InstrumentsSince automobiles have multi-cylinder engines, two or more dual-channel AFGs need to be synchronized in order to provide the required number of inputs to the ECM. To synchronize multiple single or dual channel AFGs, designate one as master and connect its external reference output to the external reference inputs of the other instruments. To gain even more precise timing synchronization, connect the master's TTL trigger output with the trigger input of the connected slaves. Additional timing control is available through an easily adjustable phase offset between the two channels within an instrument.Creating Serial Data SignalsIn automotive applications, other sensors andcommunication circuits also require replication and testing. To mention only some, Antilock Brake Systems andTransmission Control Systems often use elaborate control communication such as serial data buses like CAN. Display and control devices may use I2C devices. All these signals can easily be captured with an oscilloscope and replicated using an arbitrary/function generator. However, for serial data buses it may be more useful to create the clock and data signals directly as logic signals. Then, noise and other anomalies can be added to verify the DUT’s operation, just as described in our previous example.Figure 5.AFG3000 Series USB front panel adapter.Figure 6. Synchronizing 2 AFG3000 Series instruments./signal_sources 5Replicating Real World Signals with an Arbitrary/Function GeneratorCreating I 2C Clocks and Data with ArbExpress ™ SoftwareIn the following case, we will use ArbExpress to create the serial clock and data required to drive an I 2C LED drivercircuit. We will then send these waveforms to a two-channel AFG for generation. This same technique can be used for other communication buses such as CAN.Identifying Timing RequirementsBefore creating the logic messages to drive the I 2C device, one needs to understand the timing diagrams of the device specifications. For this example, we have determined that the device needs 76 clock cycles to send one message that defines the LED device, the brightness and the segments to be illuminated. The clock and data waveforms are overlaid in Figure 7.Using ArbExpress ™ Software Standard DC Waveform to Define Waveform LengthTo create these waveforms using ArbExpress we begin with a standard DC waveform and define a waveform length of 76 points (creating a DC waveform will just be used as a way of defining how many points we want in our waveform).Create Clock and Data Logic with the Marker EditorWe then use the Marker display and edit features tocreate the logic waveforms. Markers are defined as digital outputs and available on many high performance Arbitrary Waveform Generators (AWGs). As the AFG supports analog waveforms, we will convert these marker waveforms to analog waveforms. Creating the clock waveform only takes a right mouse click on the Mrk1 display and selecting “Create 0/1 pattern”. Once the clock waveform is created we can create the data waveform. For that, we use the cursors to define an area and then a mouse click on the Mrk2 display to select “Make High”, see Figure 8.This operation sets the area between the two cursors to “1” or “high”. In this fashion, we define all high bits needed for this message. You may also notice in Figure 9 that the first and last bit of the clock (Mrk1) and Data (Mrk2) are set to high. This is used to identify the beginning and ending of the I 2C message being sent and used for synchronization, see Figure 9.Figure 7. I 2C clock and data requirements.Figure 8.ArbExpress Markers “Make High” function.Application Note/signal_sources6The analog data required for the AFG is created by simply saving the waveform and markers as a single ASCII (.CSV) file. Once saved, the marker data will be found in column 2 and 3. Just copy and paste these individual columns into separate csv files and then open them using ArbExpress. The marker information will now be opened as Analog Data (see Figure 10). If required, noise or other anomalies can be added using ArbExpress, and then the final signals sent directly to the AFG using the Send to ARB function, or save them to a USB memory device.Generating the Final OutputThe clock waveform is loaded to one channel of the AFG and the data waveform to the other channel. The dual channel models of the AFG enable you to lock the amplitude and frequency of the independent channelstogether. When adjusting these parameters on one channel the other channel will then automatically follow suit. This enables quick testing where two synchronous channels are needed. Note that when adjusting the frequency of an arbitrary waveform you are adjusting the repetition rate of the window of data being generated. So in this example you will be adjusting how fast these 76 clock cycles will be repeated.ConclusionAs we have seen with these examples, replicatingautomotive knock sensor signals and serial data buses such as I2C become simple tasks when using an AFG and ArbExpress ™ software. Beyond that, the describedtechnique can be used for many different applications. With the AFG instruments capability of 128K points of arbitrary waveform memory, most data messages required for automotive communication can easily be achieved. In these examples we have used automotive applications, but most electronic applications also require the ability to replicate and generate real world signals. With an AFG, an MDO3000 with option MDO3AFG, or an MDO4000C with option MDO4AFG, and ArbExpress ™ software, replicating real world signals is a simple task. With its unprecedented ease of use, dual channel capability and companion ArbExpress software, the AFG reduces the time required for many operational and stress tests during component and device design qualifications. Also with features such as burst, sweep and modulation control on the AFG, many other applications can use this single instrument thattechnicians and engineers can easily become familiar with.Figure 9. I 2C clock and data requirements edited using ArbExpress Marker editor.Figure 10. I 2C clock and data displayed as overlaid analog waveforms./signal_sources 7Replicating Real World Signals with an Arbitrary/Function GeneratorContact Tektronix:ASEAN / Australasia (65) 6356 3900Austria 00800 2255 4835 Balkans, Israel, South Africa and other ISE Countries +41 52 675 3777Belgium 00800 2255 4835Brazil +55 (11) 3759 7627Canada180****9200 Central East Europe and the Baltics +41 52 675 3777Central Europe & Greece +41 52 675 3777Denmark +45 80 88 1401Finland +41 52 675 3777France 00800 2255 4835Germany 00800 2255 4835Hong Kong 400 820 5835India 000 800 650 1835Italy 00800 2255 4835Japan 81 (3) 6714 3010Luxembourg +41 52 675 3777 Mexico, Central/South America & Caribbean 52 (55) 56 04 50 90Middle East, Asia, and North Africa +41 52 675 3777The Netherlands 00800 2255 4835Norway 800 16098People’s Republic of China 400 820 5835Poland +41 52 675 3777Portugal 80 08 12370Republic of Korea 001 800 8255 2835Russia & CIS +7 (495) 6647564South Africa +41 52 675 3777Spain 00800 2255 4835Sweden 00800 2255 4835Switzerland 00800 2255 4835Taiwan 886 (2) 2656 6688United Kingdom & Ireland 00800 2255 4835USA180****9200Rev. 0415 For Further InformationTektronix maintains a comprehensive, constantly expanding collection of application notes, technical briefs and other resources to help engineers working on the cutting edge of technology. Please visit and .Copyright © 2015, Tektronix. All rights reserved. Tektronix products are covered by U.S. and foreign patents, issued and pending. Information in this publication supersedes that in all previously published material. Specification and price change privileges reserved. TEKTRONIX and TEK are registered trademarks of Tektronix, Inc. All other trade names referenced are the service marks, trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective companies.11/15 EA/WWW 76W-18661-3。

Evaluation Board User GuideUG-285One Technology Way • P .O. Box 9106 • Norwood, MA 02062-9106, U.S.A. • Tel: 781.329.4700 • Fax: 781.461.3113 • Evaluating the AD5544 Current Output/Serial Input DACPLEASE SEE THE LAST PAGE FOR AN IMPORTANT WARNING AND LEGAL TERMS AND CONDITIONS.Rev. A | Page 1 of 12FEATURESFull-featured evaluation board for the AD5544Graphic user interface software for board control and data analysisConnector to EVAL-SDP-CB1Z system demonstration platform boardVarious power supply optionsAPPLICATIONSAutomatic test equipment InstrumentationDigitally controlled calibrationGENERAL DESCRIPTIONThe AD5544 quad, 16-bit, current output, digital-to-analog converter (DAC) is designed to operate in a 2.7 V to 5.5 V supply range. But this voltage is limited up to 3.3 V due to EV AL-SDP-CB1Z restrictions.The applied external reference input voltage (V REF x) determines the full-scale output current. Integrated feedback resistors (R FB x) provide temperature-tracking, full-scale voltage outputs when combined with an external I-to-V precision amplifier. A double-buffered serial data interface offers high speed, 3-wire, SPI- and microcontroller-compatible inputs using serial data in (SDI), chip select (CS ), and clock (CLK) signals. In addition, a serial data out pin (SDO) allows for daisy-chaining when multiple packages are used. A common, level-sensitive, load DAC strobe (LDAC ) input allows the simultaneous update of all DAC outputs from previously loaded input registers. Additionally, an internal power-on reset forces the outputvoltage to 0 at system turn on. An MSB pin allows system reset assertion (RS ) to force all registers to zero code when MSB = 0 or to half-scale code when MSB = 1.The AD5544 is packaged in a compact 28-lead SSOP . The EV AL-AD5544/45SDZ board is used in conjunction with the EV AL-SDP-CB1Z system demonstration platform (SDP) board available from Analog Devices, Inc., which is purchased separately from the evaluation board. The USB-to-SPI communication to the AD5544 is completed using this Blackfin®-based demonstration board. The software offers a waveform generator.FUNCTIONAL BLOCK DIAGRAM09900-001Figure 1.UG-285Evaluation Board User GuideRev. A | Page 2 of 12TABLE OF CONTENTSFeatures .............................................................................................. 1 Applications ....................................................................................... 1 General Description ......................................................................... 1 Functional Block Diagram .............................................................. 1 Revision History ............................................................................... 2 Evaluation Board Software .............................................................. 3 Installing the Software ................................................................. 3 Running the Software ...................................................................3 Using the Evaluation Board Software .............................................4 Example ..........................................................................................4 Evaluation Board Schematics and Artwork ...................................5 Evaluation Board Layout ..............................................................8 Related Links .. (9)REVISION HISTORY5/12—Rev. 0 to Rev. AChanges to General Description Section ...................................... 1 Changes to Figure 2 .......................................................................... 3 Changes to Evaluation Board Schematics and Artwork Section ... 5 5/11—Revision 0: Initial VersionEvaluation Board User GuideUG-285Rev. A | Page 3 of 12EVALUATION BOARD SOFTWARE09900-002Figure 2. Device Manager Showing the SDP Board ConnectedINSTALLING THE SOFTWAREThe EV AL-AD5544/45SDZ evaluation kit includes the software and drivers on CD. To install the software, do the following: 1. Install the software before connecting the SDP board to theUSB port of the PC.2. Start the Windows® operating system and insert the EV AL-AD5544/45SDZ evaluation kit CD.3. Download the EV AL-AD5544/45SDZ LabVIEW™ software.The correct driver, SDPDriversNET, for the SDP board should download automatically after LabVIEW is downloaded, supporting both 32- and 64-bit systems. However, if the drivers do not download automatically, the driver executable file can also be found in the ProgramFiles /Analog Devices folder. Follow the on-screen prompts to install it.4. After installation of the software and drivers is complete, plugthe EV AL-AD5544/45SDZ into the SDP board and the SDP board into the PC using the USB cable included in the box. 5. When the software detects the evaluation board, proceedthrough any dialog boxes that appear to finalize the installation (Found New Hardware Wizard /Install the Software Automatically and so on).RUNNING THE SOFTWARETo run the evaluation board program, do the following: 1. Click Start/All Programs/Analog Devices/EV AL-AD5544/45SDZ .2. If the SDP board is not connected to the USB port whenthe software is launched, a connectivity error displays (see Figure 3). Simply connect the evaluation board to the USB port of the PC, wait a few seconds, click Rescan , and follow the instructions.09900-003Figure 3.UG-285Evaluation Board User GuideRev. A | Page 4 of 12USING THE EVALUATION BOARD SOFTWAREOnce the software is launched, the main window pops up (see Figure 4).09900-004Figure 4. Main WindowThe first step is to select the device to use that is connectedto the SDP board, in this case the AD5544, and click OK . After selecting the device, the AD5544 evaluation software window appears (see Figure 5) to start writing to the device.09900-005Figure 5. AD5544 Evaluation Software WindowThe desired 16-bit data loads and updates one of the four DACs that you selected within the AD5544 part.There are two modes for loading the data. Synchronous mode enables you to program each channel separately and update them simultaneously. Program LDAC high, load the channels, and finally pull LDAC low. Asynch-ronous mode enables you to load and update each channel separately (the LDAC button is ignored in this case).The reset button, RS , updates all channel outputs to zero scale or midscale when MSB is pulled low or high.EXAMPLEWith LDAC and RS tied high for asynchronous loading mode, specify quarter scale (0x4000, 16384d) in the Input Data box and click Load and Update DAC A . The expected output obtained isV DV V REF OUT 5.2536,65384,1610536,65−=×−=×−= When you change the loading synchronism mode to synch-ronous and write the value 0xC000 (49152d), you see no change in the output until LDAC is tied low. The expected output for this case isV DV V REF OUT 5.7536,65152,4910536,65−=×−=×−=Evaluation Board User GuideUG-285Rev. A | Page 5 of 12EVALUATION BOARD SCHEMATICS AND ARTWORKSCHEMATICSS C L S D I N/C S/L D A /R S M S 09900-006Figure 6. EVAL-AD5544/45SDZ Schematic Part AUG-285Evaluation Board User GuideRev. A | Page 6 of 12BMODE1: Pull up with a 10K resistor to set SDP to boot from a SPI FLASH on the daughter boardJ11/LDACMSB 09900-007Figure 7. EVAL-AD5544/45SDZ Schematic Part BEvaluation Board User GuideUG-285Rev. A | Page 7 of 12J 4-1J 4-2J 1-1J 1-2J 1-3Figure 8. EVAL-AD5544/45SDZ Schematic Part CUG-285Evaluation Board User GuideRev. A | Page 8 of 12EVALUATION BOARD LAYOUT09900-009Figure 9. Silkscreen09900-010Figure 10. Component SideEvaluation Board User Guide UG-285Rev. A | Page 9 of 12 0 9 9 0 0 -0 1 1Figure 11. Solder SideRELATED LINKSResource DescriptionAD5545 Product Page, AD5545 Precision Dual 16-Bit DAC in Compact TSSOP Packages AD5544 Product Page, AD5544 Quad, Current-Output, Serial-Input 16-Bit DACADR01Product Page, ADR01 Ultracompact, Precision 10.0 V Voltage ReferenceAD8065 EVAL-SDP-CB1Z Product Page, AD8065 High Performance, 145 MHz FastFET™ Op Amp Product Page, System Demonstration PlatformUG-285 Evaluation Board User Guide NOTESRev. A | Page 10 of 12Evaluation Board User Guide UG-285 NOTESRev. A | Page 11 of 12UG-285 Evaluation Board User Guide Rev. A | Page 12 of 12 NOTESESD CautionESD (electrostatic discharge) sensitive device . Charged devices and circuit boards can discharge without detection. Although this product features patented or proprietary protection circuitry, damage may occur on devices subjected to high energy ESD. Therefore, proper ESD precautions should be taken to avoid performance degradation or loss of functionality. Legal Terms and ConditionsBy using the evaluation board discussed herein (together with any tools, components documentation or support materials, the “Evaluation Board”), you are agreeing to be bound by the terms and conditions set forth below (“Agreement”) unless you have purchased the Evaluation Board, in which case the Analog Devices Standard Terms and Conditions of Sale shall govern. Do not use the Evaluation Board until you have read and agreed to the Agreement. Your use of the Evaluation Board shall signify your acceptance of the Agreement. This Agreement is made by and between you (“Customer”) and Analog Devices, Inc. (“ADI”), with its principal place of business at One Technology Way, Norwood, MA 02062, USA. Subject to the terms and conditions of the Agreement, ADI hereby grants to Customer a free, limited, personal, temporary, non-exclusive, non-sublicensable, non-transferable license to use the Evaluation Board FOR EVALUATION PURPOSES ONL Y. Customer understands and agrees that the Evaluation Board is provided for the sole and exclusive purpose referenced above, and agrees not to use the Evaluation Board for any other purpose. Furthermore, the license granted is expressly made subject to the following additional limitations: Customer shall not (i) rent, lease, display, sell, transfer, assign, sublicense, or distribute the Evaluation Board; and (ii) permit any Third Party to access the Evaluation Board. As used herein, the term “Third Party” includes any entity other than ADI, Customer, their employees, affiliates and in-house consultants. The Evaluation Board is NOT sold to Customer; all rights not expressly granted herein, including ownership of the Evaluation Board, are reserved by ADI. CONFIDENTIALITY . This Agreement and the Evaluation Board shall all be considered the confidential and proprietary information of ADI. Customer may not disclose or transfer any portion of the Evaluation Board to any other party for any reason. Upon discontinuation of use of the Evaluation Board or termination of this Agreement, Customer agrees to promptly return the Evaluation Board to ADI. ADDITIONAL RESTRICTIONS. Customer may not disassemble, decompile or reverse engineer chips on the Evaluation Board. Customer shall inform ADI of any occurred damages or any modifications or alterations it makes to the Evaluation Board, including but not limited to soldering or any other activity that affects the material content of the Evaluation Board. Modifications to the Evaluation Board must comply with applicable law, including but not limited to the RoHS Directive. TERMINATION. ADI may terminate this Agreement at any time upon giving written notice to Customer. Customer agrees to return to ADI the Evaluation Board at that time. LIM ITATION OF LIABILITY . THE EVALUATION BOARD PROVIDED HEREUNDER IS PROVIDED “AS IS” AND ADI M AKES NO WARRANTIES OR REPRESENTATIONS OF ANY KIND WITH RESPECT TO IT. ADI SPECIFICALL Y DISCLAIMS ANY REPRESENTATIONS, ENDORSEMENTS, GUARANTEES, OR WARRANTIES, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, RELATED TO THE EVALUATION BOARD INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIM ITED TO, THE IM PLIED WARRANTY OF MERCHANTABILITY, TITLE, FITNESS FOR A P ARTICULAR PURPOSE OR NONINFRINGEMENT OF INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS. IN NO EVENT WILL ADI AND ITS LICENSORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, INDIRECT, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES RESUL TING FROM CUSTOMER’S POSSESSION OR USE OF THE EVALUATION BOARD, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO LOST PROFITS, DELAY COSTS, LABOR COSTS OR LOSS OF GOODWILL. ADI’S TOTAL LIABILITY FROM ANY AND ALL CAUSES SHALL BE LIMITED TO THE AMOUNT OF ONE HUNDRED US DOLLARS ($100.00). EXPORT. Customer agrees that it will not directly or indirectly export the Evaluation Board to another country, and that it will comply with all applicable United States federal laws and regulations relating to exports. GOVERNING LAW. This Agreement shall be governed by and construed in accordance with the substantive laws of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts (excluding conflict of law rules). Any legal action regarding this Agreement will be heard in the state or federal courts having jurisdiction in Suffolk County, Massachusetts, and Customer hereby submits to the personal jurisdiction and venue of such courts. The United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods shall not apply to this Agreement and is expressly disclaimed. ©2011–2012 Analog Devices, Inc. All rights reserved. Trademarks andregistered trademarks are the property of their respective owners.UG09900-0-5/12(A)。

Energy Measurement ProductsADE Product Family OverviewThe Analog Devices IC (ADE) family combines industry-leading data conversion technology with a fixed function digital signal processor (DSP) to perform the calculations essential to an electronic energy meter. The portfolio includes single-phase products and polyphase products for stepper motor and LCD display meter designs, with five critical measurements available: watt, V rms, I rms, VA, and VAR.With 175 million units deployed in the field, ADI has added to the portfolio the ADE71xx and ADE75xx product families that simplify energy meter design by providing all the features needed for an accurate, reliable, and fully functional energymeter with LCD display in a single IC.ADE Product Family • High accuracy exceeds IEC and ANSI standards • Proprietary 16-bit ADCs and DSP provide high accuracy over large variations in current, environmental conditions, and time • Reliability proven with over 175 million units deployed in the field• On-chip reference with low temperature drift (20 ppm to 30 ppm typ)• On-chip power supply monitoring• On-chip creep protection (no-load threshold)• Single 5 V supply • Low power consumption • Instantaneous active power output for calibration or interface to an MCU • Miswiring or reverse power indication• Tamper detection optionsADE Pulsed Output Products or Stepper Motor Display Meters • Exceeds IEC 61036/62053-21, IEC 60687/62053-22, ANSI C12.16, and ANSI C12.20• Active energy measurement with less than 0.1% error over a dynamic range of 500 to 1 at 25°C• Power consumption as low as 15 mW (typ) for single-phase products and 30 mW (typ) for polyphase products• Built-in current channelamplifier allows the use of low resistance, low cost shunts • Active energy, low frequency outputs directly driveelectromechanical counters • Single 5 V supplyADE Serial Interface Products for LCD Meters• Exceeds IEC 61036/62053-21, IEC 60687/62053-23 (for multifunction products), ANSI C12.16, and ANSI C12.20• Active energy measurement with less than 0.1% error over a dynamic range of 1000 to 1 at 25°C• Active energy and sampled waveform data• Multifunction products provide VAR, VA, V rms, and I rms • User-programmable power quality monitoring features • Digital calibration for power, phase, and offset• Serial peripheral interface (SPI) with interrupt request pin (IRQ)• Single 5 V supplyIntegrated Products for LCD Meters• Exceeds IEC 61036/62053-21, IEC 60687/62053-23 (for multifunction products), ANSI C12.16, and ANSI C12.20• Single chip solution integrates ADE measurement core for watts, VAR, VA, V rms, and I rms• 8052 MCU core with flash memory• 104-segment LCD driver with contrast control for low/high temperature visibility • Low power RTC (1.5 μA typ) with digital compensation for temperature performance • Power fail and batterymanagement with no external components• Reference with low temperature drift (5 ppm/°C typ)• Noninvasive in-circuitemulation/energymeterValue of ADE Products1. Proven TechnologyAnalog Devices is the market leader in sales of energy metering ICs with over 175 million meters deployed worldwide with ADE products.• Quality: Strict quality and test standards applied to ADE products throughout design and manufacturing stages ensure low meter production failure rate and uniform part-to-part characteristics.• Reliability: Accelerated life expectancy tests on ADE products, representing more than 60 years of field usage, reduce probability of meter failure due to IC failure.• Performance: Proprietary Σ-∆ ADCs provide excellent performance with an error of less than 0.1% over an extended current dynamic range.2. Ease of DesignAnalog Devices ADE solutions aim to simplify energy meter design, reduce system cost, and reduce time to market with:• Integration of ADCs and fixed function DSP on a single chip leading to a single IC energy meter• Integration of ADCs and fixed function DSP on a single chip reduces processing requirements, enabling the use of a lower cost MCU • Embedded essential energy calculations to ensure harmonic content is included (up to 233rd harmonics for watt-hour measurement)• Direct and flexible sensor interface without external gain amplifiers• Unparalleled design support including detailed data sheets, reference designs, application notes, evaluation tools, and technical support • Integrated MCU core, and all necessary peripherals, with field proven metering front end • Greater system control with minimized current consumption in battery mode3. Innovation and ChoiceAnalog Devices is committed to continuing its investment in the ADE product family and to enabling very competitive system costs while maintaining a high level of innovation.• 16 patents granted or pending on innovative energy measurement technology• Many energy measurement products currently available for single-phase and polyphase energy meters with more to come4. Quality• Samples from production lots constantly drawn for rigorous qualifications• ADI’s product analysis group continually addresses customer concerns and feedback on the quality of our products • Constant monitoring of electrical ppm failure rate of finished products• Electrical ppm failure rate is largely comprised of marginal parametric rejects that are fully functional but are most likely to experience failure in the field•ADI products have a consistently low ppm failure rate that reflects the stability and high quality of the manufacturing process• TIME DEPENDENT DIELECTRIC BREAKDOWN • ELECTROMIGRATION• HOT CARRIER INJECTION• THERMAL SHOCK SEQUENCE• TEMPERATURE CYCLING SEQUENCE• ELECTRICAL ENDURANCE—HTOL AND LTOL • EARLY LIFE FAILURE CHARACTERIZATION • HIGH TEMPERATURE STORAGE • MOISTURE ENDURANCE TEST • DIE SHEAR TEST• FABRICATION AND ASSEMBLY QUALIFICATION • ELECTRICAL STATIC DISCHARGE (ESD)• LATCH UPPRODUCTION QUALITY CONTROL SUPPLEMENTAL QUALIFICATIONS APPLICATION SPECIFIC QUALIFICATIONEND PRODUCT QUALIFICATIONFABRICATION QUALIFICATIONASSEMBLY QUALIFICATIONANALOG DEVICESSTANDARD QUALIFICATIONS LIST OF QUALIFICATIONSPASSEDPASSEDCUSTOMER FEEDBACK• BOND STRENGTH • BURN-IN SEQUENCE• CONSTANT ACCELERATION • HERMETICITY• HIGH TEMPERATURE STORAGE • INTERNAL WATER VAPOR TEST • LEAD FATIGUE • LID TORQUE• MARKING PERMANENCY • MECHANICAL SHOCK• MOISTURE SENSITIVITY CHARACTERIZATION• MOISTURE ENDURANCE SEQUENCE AND AUTOCLAVE • RESISTANCE TO SOLDERING HEAT • SOLDERABILITY• THERMAL IMPEDANCE• VIBRATION, VARIABLE FREQUENCY • X-RAY INSPECTIONReliabilityAnalog Devices conducted a high temperature operating lifetest (HTOL) to simulate aging of ADE products in the field.Method—ICs subjected to 150°C for 3000 hours:• With acceleration factor of 179×, the life expectancy correlates to 60 years at operating temperature of 60°C.• Four main parameters monitored: reference voltage, gain error, current, and voltage channel offset.Results—parameter distribution over time shows:• Negligible parameter distribution shifts.• Parameters maintain data sheet specifications.• Zero failures.Conclusions from HTOL test:• If other components in electronic meter have the same life expectancy, meter replacement is only needed every 60 years.• Proven stability and accuracy of digital energy measurement.Meter manufacturers must carefully select components to ensure that the overall reliability of electronic energy meter is maximized.10,000125OPERATING TEMPERATURE (°C)A C C E L E R A T I O N F A C T O R10001001010,0001L I F E T I M E (Y e a r s )100010010303540455055606570758085PerformanceThe unsurpassed accuracy of power calculation over a very wide dynamic range, harmonics, and stability over time are the primary reasons why ADE ICs are preferred by many meter manufacturers around the world. The plot to the right highlights the typical performance of ADE ICs over a dynamic range of 1000:1 and temperature range of –40°C to +85°C. Even at a low power factor (PF = 0.5), the ICs maintain their high accuracy.0.4–0.4AMPSE R R O R (%)0.30.20.10–0.1–0.2–0.3Reliability Lifetime PredictionsTypical Performance for ADE ICs"%$"%$"%$&/&3(:.&"463&.&/5%41*/5&3/"- 7 QQN $4*/(-&$:$-& .$66"3541* *$8%53".108&3 4611-:$0/530-108&3 4611-:.0/*503*/(-%0103"%$*/5&3/"-3&4&5"%$5&.1&3"563&4&/403*/5&3/"- 147 ."9$)"3(& 16.1%"$-$% %3*7&3 4&(.&/541--*/5&3/"-$-0$,35$'-"4).&.03:"%& YY "%& YYSelection GuideADE71xx/ADE75xx: Energy Measurement Computing EngineThe ADE71xx/ADE75xx family builds on Analog Devices’ 10 years of experience in energy measurement to provide the best analog-to-digital converters combined with the advanced digital signal processing required to build an accurate, robust, and fully featured energy meter with LCD display.Energy Measurement Key Features:• Exceeds IEC 61036/62053-21,IEC 60687/62053-22, IEC 61268/62053-23, ANSI C12.16, and ANSI C12.20• 4-quadrant power and energy measurement for:• Active, reactive, and apparent• Tampering protection• 2 current inputs for line and neutral • Tampering algorithms integrated • Special energy accumulation modes• Shunt, current transformer, and di/dt current sensor connectivity enabled• 2 high precision pulse outputs for calibration • Power line quality: SAG, period/frequency, peak, zero-crossing• Large phase calibration (5° @ 50 Hz)• Wide measurement frequency bandwidth (14 kHz) for harmonic measurementADE71xx/ADE75xx: LCD DriverThe ADE71xx/ADE75xx family has a unique LCD driver capable of maintainingmaximum contrast on the LCD independently of the power supply level using charge-pump circuitry. This technology combined with the on-chip temperature measurement enables the lowest power operation and maximum readability of the energy meter LCD display.LCD Driver Key Features:• 104-segment LCD driver• Adjustable LCD voltage (5 V max) independent of the power supply (2.7 V min)• LCD freeze and hardware blink functions for low power operation in battery mode • Low offset to minimize LCD fluid biasingRTC Key Features:•1.5 μA current consumption•Low voltage operation: 2.4 V•2 ppm/LSB digital frequency adjustment for calibration and temperature compensation •Alarm and midnight interruptsADE71xx/ADE75xx: Real-Time ClockThe ADE71xx/ADE75xx family provides a low power RTC with nominal and temperature dependent crystal frequency compensation capabilities enabling low drift and high accuracy timekeeping. The RTC functionality is also maintained at low power supply (2.4 V) and over all power supply connections, extending the operating life of the energy meter in battery mode.ADE71xx/ADE75xx: Battery ManagementThe ADE71xx/ADE75xx family has unique battery management features enabling low power consumption in battery mode and optimal power supply management when line voltage is lost.Battery Management Key Features:•No external circuitry for battery switching•Power supply switching based on absolute level•Early warning of power supply collapse with SAG and preregulated power supply monitoring•Internal power supply always valid by hardware controlled switchover to batteryKey Features Maintained in Battery Mode:•Real-time clock for timekeeping•LCD display•Temperature measurement•Meter wake-up events such as RTC alarms, I/O, UART activitiesADE Development ToolsThe ADE71xx and ADE75xx family of products share a common set of tools designedto minimize design time while improving the part understanding. These tools arecomprised of:• Energy meter reference design• 1-pin emulator with isolated USB interface• Isolated USB to UART debugger interface• Downloader software• Evaluation software• Integrated development environment from well-known vendor• Firmware libraries for common and part specific functionsThe energy meter reference design integrates the main functions of an LCD meter withIR port and RS-485 communication, battery backup, two current sensors, antitamperinterface, and EEPROM interface while using the features of the ADE71xx and ADE75xxseries such as battery management, antitamper detection, temperature compensatedreal-time clock, and LCD driver contrast.The reference design is accompanied by code libraries and an example of systemintegration code allowing easy evaluation and further development of solution.Isolated USB communication boards for debugging and emulation provide a safesolution for code development when the meter is connected to the line.The ADE71xx and ADE75xx series can be used with integrated developmentenvironments (IDE) from open market vendors to simulate, compile, debug, anddownload assembly or C code. A free of charge IDE with unlimited assembly codecapability and 4 kB limited C code capability is included in the evaluation kit. Inaddition, the part can be evaluated with a UART interface and a PC by using theversatile evaluation tools and downloader.Single-Phase Energy Metering ICs with Integrated OscillatorThe AD71056, ADE7768, and ADE7769 are single-phase ICs that provide watt-hour information using pulse outputs that directly drive a stepper motor counter.The AD71056, ADE7768, and ADE7769 are pin-reduced versions of the ADE7755, with the enhancement of an on-chip, precisionoscillator circuit that serves as the clock source for the IC. The direct interface to low resistance, low cost shunt resistors also helps to lower the cost of a meter built with AD71056, ADE7768, or ADE7769.These products are pin compatible. The AD71056 and ADE7769 accumulate bidirectional power information, and the ADE7768accumulates power only in the positive direction providing flexibility for various billing schemes. The ADE7769 indicates when the power is below the no-load threshold by holding the calibration frequencypin high. This is useful to indicate a tampering or miswired condition.Single-Phase Energy Metering ICs with Antitamper FeaturesThe ADE7761B detects two common tampering conditions: “fault” condition (when loads are grounded to earth instead of connected to neutral wire or when the meter is bypassed with external wires) and “missing neutral” condition (when the voltage input and return current are missing). The ADE7761B incorporates a novel tampering detection scheme which indicates the fault or missing neutral conditions and allows the meter to continue accurate billing by continuous monitoring of the phase and neutral (return) currents. A fault is indicated when these currents differ by more than 6.25%, and billing continues using the larger of the two currents. The missing neutral condition is detected when no voltage input is present, and billing is continued based on the active current signal. The ADE7761B also includes a power-supply monitoring circuit which ensures that the voltage and current channels are matched,eliminating creep effects in the meter.Polyphase Energy Metering ICs with Pulse OutputThe ADE7752A, ADE7752B, and ADE7762 are polyphase ICs that provide watt-hour information using pulse outputs that can directly drive a stepper motor counter. Compatible with a wide range of 3-phase grid configurations, including 3-wire and 4-wire delta and wye distributions, each of these products can be used for 3-phase commercial and industrial revenue meters or submeters, 3-phase motors or generators, industrial control, and utility automation. The ADE7762 and ADE7752B are optimized for 3-phase, 3-wire applica-tions with no-load threshold and REVP indication based on the sum of the phases.To ensure that energy is billed properly under miswiring or tamper-ing conditions, any of the ICs can be set to accumulate based on the sum of the absolute value in each phase. The active power accumu-lation is signed by default.The ADE7762 has four additional logic output pins. These four pins drive six LEDs for prioritized indication of phase dropout and phasesequence error as well as reverse polarity per phase.ADE7752A and ADE7752B are pin compatible with the legacy ADE7752 and have up to a 50% power consumption reduction from ADE7752. The four additional pins of ADE7762 are located at the top of the package so that the same PCB may be used with an ADE7752A-, ADE7752B-, or ADE7762-based meter.10Single-Phase Energy Metering ICs with Serial InterfaceADI has a range of product offerings for single-phase energy measurement solutions requiring serial interface. The ADE7756 measures active energy and allows digital calibration of phase, offset, and gain through a serial port interface. The ADE7759 has a built-in digital integrator for direct interface with a di/dt sensor such as a Rogowski coil and includes the capability to interface with low resistance shunts and traditional current transformers. The ADE7753 provides active, apparent, and reactive energy measurements, and incorporates a built-in digital integrator to allow direct interface with a Rogowski coil sensor in addition to a low resistance shunt or CT. The ADE7763 provides the same functionality as the ADE7753 but without reactive energy measurement. All four of these ADE single-phase energy metering ICs with SPI are pin compatible for ease of design migration.11Polyphase Energy Metering ICs with Serial InterfaceADI has a selection of product offerings for3-phase energy measurement solutions requiring serial interface. The ADE7758 features second-order sigma-delta ADCs, and is designed formidrange 3-phase energy meters. For each phase, the chip measures active, reactive, and apparent energy, as well as rms voltage and rms current. These measurements are accessed via an SPI that allows a fully automated digital calibration. The ADE7758 interfaces with a variety of sensors, including current transformers and di/dt current sensors, such as Rogowski coils. Additionally, the ADE7758 provides a programmable frequency pulse output for both active and apparent orreactive power.Analog Devices, Inc.Worldwide Headquarters Analog Devices, Inc. One Technology Way P .O. Box 9106Norwood, MA 02062-9106 U.S.A.Tel: 781.329.4700 (800.262.5643, U.S.A. only)Fax: 781.461.3113Analog Devices, Inc. Europe Headquarters Analog Devices, Inc.Wilhelm-Wagenfeld-Str. 6 80807 Munich GermanyTel: 49.89.76903.0 Fax: 49.89.76903.157Analog Devices, Inc. Japan Headquarters Analog Devices, KK New Pier Takeshiba South Tower Building 1-16-1 Kaigan, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-6891 JapanTel: 813.5402.8200 Fax: 813.5402.1064Analog Devices, Inc. Southeast Asia Headquarters Analog Devices22/F One Corporate Avenue 222 Hu Bin Road Shanghai, 200021 ChinaTel: 86.21.5150.3000 Fax: 86.21.5150.3222©2007 Analog Devices, Inc. All rights reserved. Trademarks and registered trademarks are the property of their respective owners.Printed in the U.S.A. BR04915-5-8/07(A)/energymeter。

General DescriptionThe DIODES™ AL8863 is a step-down DC-DC controller de-signed to drive LEDs with high output current. The device oper-ates at an input supply voltage from 4.5V to 60V. Series connec-tion of the LEDs provides identical LED currents resulting in uni-form brightness and eliminating the need for ballast resistors. The switching frequency range of AL8863 is from 50kHz to 1MHz. The wide operating frequency range allows more flexibility on compo-nent selection, and also with operating up to 1MHz, it allows the use of smaller size external components, hence minimizing the PCB size and driver board.The output current of AL8863 is set via an external resistor con-nected between the VIN and CSN input pins. Dimming is achieved by applying a PWM signal at the DIM input pin. The soft-start time can be adjusted using an external capacitor from the DIM pin to ground.The AL8863 is available in the thermally enhanced SO-8EP pack-age. Applications∙Commercial & Industrial Lighting∙Architecture Lighting∙External LED Drivers and Smart LightingKey Features∙Wide Input Voltage Range: 4.5V to 60V∙Operating Frequency Range: 50kHz to 1MHz∙1000:1 PWM Dimming Resolution at 100Hz∙Single Pin for On/Off and Brightness Control by PWM Sig-nal∙Fault Status Indication for Abnormal Operation∙LED Shorted Protection∙Inherent Open-Circuit LED Protection∙Programmable Thermal Fold-Back Operation Through NTC Pin∙Overtemperature Shutdown∙Thermally Enhanced SO-8EP Package∙Totally Lead-Free & Fully RoHS CompliantAL8863EV1 SpecificationsEVB Physical PictureFigure 1: Top ViewFigure 2: Bottom Vie wConnection InstructionsPower Supply Input: 5~60VDC (VIN, GND);DIM: Multi-function On/Off and brightness control pin, this pin can be used to achieve dimming and for switching the output current off. Leave floating for normal operation;PWM Signal Input: Remove C15 and connect 0Ω for R6, apply PWM signal to DIM (DIM, GND);Analog Signal Inpu t: A low−pass filtered (R6 and C15) be added, apply analog signal to DIM (DIM, GND);LED A: LED A connects to the external LED anode；LED K: LED K connects to the external LED cathode.Evaluation Board SchematicFigure 3: Evaluation Board SchematicEvaluation Board LayoutFigure 4:PCB Board Layout Top ViewFigure 5:PCB Board Layout Bottom ViewQuick Start Guide1. By default, the evaluation board is preset at 3A LED current by R1, R2 and R3.2. Non-dimming operation: Leave DIM pin floating for normal operation.3. Power Supply: Connect the 5~60VDC to VIN & GND pin to supply the system.4. PWM Dimming: Remove C15, apply a PWM signal (Low level <0.3V, High level >2.6V, transition time less than 1μs) to PWM pin todim the LEDs. The recommended PWM signal frequency is from 100Hz to 20 kHz.5. Analog Dimming: Add a low−pass filtered (R6 and C15) DC signal converted from DC source, the DIM pin can be driven between0.3V and 2.6V adjusting over a wide full range.6. Soft-start: Connect a capacitor (C15) to increase soft-start time.Bill of MaterialNote: The component part numbers are correct at the time of publication. Diodes Inc. reserves the right to substitute other parts where nec-essary, without further notification.Functional WaveformsSwitching waveform(Vin=40V, 6LEDs) (Y-Vin, R-SW, G-DIM, B-I L) Start-up waveform(Vin=40V, 6LEDs) (Y-Vin, R-SW, G-DIM, B-I L)Soft Start waveform (Vin=40V, 6LEDs, C15=100nF) (Y-Vin, R-SW, G-DIM, B-I L) PWM Dimming waveform(Vin=40V, 6LEDs) (PWM frequency=1KHz, Duty=80%)(Y-Vin, R-SW, G-DIM, B-I L)Functional WaveformsPWM Dimming waveform(Vin=40V, 6LEDs) (PWM frequency=1KHz, Duty=50%)(Y-Vin, R-SW, G-DIM, B-I L) PWM Dimming waveform(Vin=40V, 6LEDs) (PWM frequency=1KHz, Duty=20%)(Y-Vin, R-SW, G-DIM, B-I L)LED open protection(Vin=40V, 6LEDs) (Y-V FAULT, R-DIM, G- I L, B-SW) LED short protection(Vin=40V, 6LEDs) (Y-Vin, R-SW, G-V out , B-I L)Functional WaveformsLED short protection_1 (Vin=40V, 6LEDs)(Y-VFAULT, R-SW, G- I L, B-V out) LED open protection_FAULT (Vin=40V, 6LEDs)_start up (Y-VFAULT, R-Vdrive, B-V out)LED short protection_FAULT (Vin=40V, 6LEDs)_start up(Y- V FAULT, R-SW, B- V out)Functional Data CurvesEfficiency vs. Input VoltageLED Current vs. Input VoltageE f f i c i e n c y (%)Vin(V)IL E D (m A )Vin(V)PWM Dimming(Vin=40V, 6LEDs)I L E D (m A )PWM Duty(%)CISPR15 EMI PerformanceFigure 6 presents the EMI performance of the AL8863EV1 EVB at 20V input with 6LEDs load. Conducted emissions are measured over a frequency range of 150 kHz to 30 MHz according to the CISPR 15 low-frequency specification. CISPR15 peak and average limit lines are denoted in red. The blue and black spectra are measured using peak and average detection, respectively.Figure 6: CISPR 15 Conducted Emissions Plot, 150 kHz to 30 MHz,VIN = 40 V, IOUT = 3A, 6LEDsThermal TestFigure 7: Top(Vin=40V, 6LEDs, Burn-in time=60min)Figure 8: Bottom(Vin=40V, 6LEDs, Burn-in time=60min)。