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目 录2014年河北大学625普通物理考研真题（部分）2012年河北大学625普通物理考研真题2011年河北大学620普通物理考研真题2010年河北大学620普通物理考研真题2009年河北大学620普通物理考研真题2014年河北大学625普通物理考研真题（部分）河北大学2014年硕士研究生入学考试试卷卷别，|B]适用专业考试科E1代码考试科目名称理媛成理、癖625普通物理特别声明：答案一掉答在考点提供的答题纸上，答在本试卷纸及其他纸上无效・（跆分HE杨氏实睑装'泄中.采用加有蓝绿色滤光片的白光光源•其波长范剧为乙竺100皿平殉波长为490皿试估策从第几级开始条纹粘变得无法分辨？二分〉单缱夫琅禾贵衍射中，平行光垂直入射单缝，光波长"400皿山碱镜I俩/his ni第三绑普条纹高中央明条纹中心距离*明m,又知另波长％'的单色光其第二级暗条纹与如上第.三级明纹在解的同一位置，求单缝宽度a及光波波长U三口。
分）设计-光栅，要求<i）能分辨钠光谱的对卯Xi。
"m和队说W的第二级谱线：⑵第二级谱线布射帝6G（r⑴第三级潜线缺级.四.分）求半径为公忌电荷为0的均匀带电圆环在其轴线上任i点P的场地五⑴分）平面闭合回路由半径为R及圈（&>&｝的尚个间心半、疝诵个f姗U如黔已知两个直导线段在两半圆瓠中心◎姓的磁—的痍为等，且闭合我流回路在◎她产生的总的磁感强度/B与捽为处的半圆强在O点产生的磁感强度曲的关系O为&=2BjS.求画与电的关系.木试1徵共2页.此页是第I页.此页是据2012年河北大学625普通物理考研真题业履论物蜜、事*HM 艘、最*奏物鼠完学 松曹通物理河北大学2012年硕士研究生入学考试试卷考的相代日骂试科目冬豚第一部分一、（共15分〉在的心诲宴骚中・双建间疾为0.4mm.申与狭箍间跑为L2E,石无做明白光, 求：U ）» B 条纱中可光3 *7的像）L0-400伸）明找中心的距虹（2〉若改变案股装置始构、让光涂5沿勺耳和$：逢技早有寿向向卜移动撒，I 、的位移试定性分析零我明蚊在冲彗k 是向」宓是向卜移动.二•〈共10分）如图所示，狭雄的竟度时.丽垢透锁焦距仁0.4g 在 马溟SJ 平行的算.放置fi 透溪壕平面处.若以单色平行北垂直照射故园 则在屏上离。
2004适用专业考试科目民商法学法学基础法理学试题（共50分）（一）名词解释（每题3分，共15分）1，公法 2，法律行为 3，法系 4，目的解释 5，法律程序（二）权利义务在法律中的地位是怎样的？（10分）（三）如何认识法律对于经济秩序的维护？（10分）（四）论述法治的实质要件。
（15分）宪法学试题（共50分）（一）名词解释（每题3分，共15分）1，宪法体系2，人民代表大会制度3，违宪审查4，宪法修改5，特别行政区（二）选举制度的基本原则是什么？（10分）（三）简述宪法实施的原则。
（10分）（四）论述宪政的特征。
（15分）民事诉讼法试题（共50分）（一）名词解释（每题3分，共15分）1，民事诉讼2，诉权3，财产保全4，督促程序5，申请执行（二）一般地域管辖、特殊地域管辖、专属管辖各自的性质是什么？它们之间在适用上为何种关系？（10分）（三）什么叫证明责任倒置？哪些案件适用证明责任倒置？（10分）（四）论民事判决的效力。
（15分）2005适用专业考试科目民商法学法学基础一，法理学试题（50分）（一）名词解释（每题4分，共20分）1，法律体系2，法律移植3，守法4，法律推理5，法律文化（二）简述法律行为的特征。
（10分)（三）简述法产生的一般过程和具体规律。
（10分）（四）简述法对效率的促进作用（15分）二，宪法学试题（50分)（一）名词解释（每题3分，共15分）1，宪法制定2，宪法监督3，政权组织形式4，政治权利5，选区（二）简述宪法与一般普通法律的区别（10分）（三）简述公民的基本义务。
（10分）（四）简述全国人大常委会的职权（10分）三，民事诉讼法试题（50分）（一）名词解释（每题4分，共20分）1，民事诉讼模式2，送达3，公示催告程序4，缺席判决5，执行竞合（二）简述诉讼标的的功能（10分）（三）无需证明的事实包括哪些？（10分）（四）简述当事人申请再审的条件。
（10分）2006适用专业考试科目诉讼法学、民商法学、宪法与行政法学理论法学法理学部分一、名词解释（每题5分）1，行政权力与消极义务2，法律行为3，法律程序4，法律论证5，法的局限性二、简答题（每题12分）1，如何理解法是统治阶级意志的体现。
西安电子科技大学2012年攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试题 考试科目代码及名称 822 电磁场与微波技术 A 考试时间 2012 年 1 月 8 日下午（ 3 小时）答题要求:所有答案（填空题按照标号写）必须写在答题纸上，写在试卷上一律作废，准考证号写在指定位置!一、（15 分）位于XOY 平面内的半径为a 、圆心在坐标原点的均匀带电圆盘，其面电荷密度为ρs ，如图所示，试求圆盘的电位。
二、（15 分）一个Z 方向无限长、横截面为axb 的矩形金属管，其三个边的电位为零，第四边与其它边绝缘，电位是10sin()xaπ，如图所不，试求管内的电位分布。
三、（15 分）已知无源自由空间中的电场强度矢量y m E E sin(t kz)êω=-（1）由麦克斯韦方程求磁场强度；（2）证明ω/k 等于光速；（3）试求坡印廷矢量的时间平均值。
四、（15分）均匀平面电磁波自空气入射到理想导体表面（z=0）。
己知入射波电场)5(j z i x E e e e -=+（V/m ）试求：（1）反射波电场和磁场；（2）理想导体表面的面电荷密度和面电流密度。
五、（25 分）（1）特性阻抗Z 0=500Ω，负载Z L =1000Ω，试求输入反射系数г和驻波比ρ。
（2）试给出导波波长λg 与波长λ的关系式。
如图a*b 矩形波导，试求TE 10截止波长λc 。
（3）什么是TEM 波？什么是TE 、TM 波？ （4）为什么柱形空心波导不能传输TEM 波？（5）带线传输线如图。
若带宽w 增加，特性阻抗如何变化？若高度b 增加，特性阻抗如何变化？为什么？六、（10 分）典型的微波衰减器网络如图所示，其中均表示归一化参数。
试求出输入端匹配时要求1R 和2R 满足的关系式（1R 和2R表示电阻）。
七、（10 分）半波长矩形波导（两端短路）谐振腔如图所示，若工作模式为TE 101，试画出电磁场分布图。
八、（10 分）若天线在最大辐射方向的辐射电场为 ˆˆ()()y x j j jkz xm ym E z xEe yE e e φφ-=+ ，则 （1）在 情况下，天线呈线极化特性；（2）在 情况下，天线呈圆极化特性； （3）左旋圆极化天线发射 极化波； （4）右旋圆极化天线接收 极化波。
各个专业博士入学考试试题整理--------------------------------------------------------------------------------【考试试题】各个专业博士入学考试试题整理各个专业博士入学考试试题整理给出目录索引，方便大家查找北京大学——英语2000年博士研究生入学考试试题.htm北京大学——英语2002年博士研究生入学考试试题.htm河北师范大学——英语2004年博士研究生入学考试试题.htm华东师范大学——英语2003年博士研究生入学考试试题.htm华东政法大学——英语2003年博士研究生入学考试试题.htm理工大学工程兵工程学院——英语2000年博士研究生入学考试试题.txt南京大学——英语2003年博士研究生入学考试试题.txt清华大学——英语2000年5月博士研究生入学考试试题.htm中国科学院——英语2001年博士研究生入学考试试题.txt中国科学院——英语2002年博士研究生入学考试试题.htm中国科学院——英语2003年博士研究生入学考试试题.htm中国科学院——英语2005年博士研究生入学考试试题.txt中国人民大学——英语2004年博士研究生入学考试试题.txt北京师范大学——高级生态学、景观生态学2004年博士研究生入学考试试题.txt北京体育大学——运动生物力学、教学论2003年博士研究生入学考试.txt复旦大学——广播电视理论与实务2004年博士研究生入学考试试题.txt复旦大学——新闻传播理论与历史2003～2004年博士研究生入学考试试题.txt复旦大学——新闻传播实务2003～2004年博士研究生入学考试试题.txt复旦大学——新闻业务2004年博士研究生入学考试试题.txt华东师范大学——景观生态学2000～2001年博士研究生入学考试试题.txt华东师范大学——种群生态学2000～2001年博士研究生入学考试试题.txt清华大学——材料科学基础专业2004年博士研究生入学考试试题.txt中国科学院化学所——高分子化学2003年博士研究生入学考试试题.txt中国科学院化学所——高分子物理2003～2004年博士研究生入学考试试题.txt中国科学院空间科学与应用研究中心——电动力学2001年博士研究生入学考试试题.mht中国科学院空间科学与应用研究中心——电动力学2002年度春博士研究生入学考试试题.txt中国科学院空间科学与应用研究中心——电动力学2003年度春博士研究生入学考试试题.mht中国科学院空间科学与应用研究中心——电动力学2003年度秋博士研究生入学考试试题.htm中国科学院水生生物研究所——植物生理学2000年博士研究生入学考试试题.txt中国科学院遥感所——RS，GIS试题2000～2002年博士研究生入学考试试题.txt中国农业大学——动物营养学1997～2002年博士研究生入学考试试题.txt中国农业大学——饲料学1996年博士研究生入学考试试题.txt 中国农业大学——饲料学1997年博士研究生入学考试试题.txt 北京大学——比较文学2005年博士研究生入学考试试题.txt北京大学——古代文学魏晋隋唐方向2004年博士研究生入学考试试题.txt北京大学——汉语言文字学部分小综合2004年博士研究生入学考试试题.txt北京大学——汉语言文字学专业2004年博士研究生入学考试试题.txt北京大学经济学院——经济计量学2005博士研究生入学考试试题.txt北京大学——历史文化2004年博士研究生入学考试试题.txt北京大学——魏晋隋唐2005年博士研究生入学考试试题.txt北京大学——哲学专业博士研究生入学考试试题.txt北京大学——中文当代文学专业1999年博士研究生入学考试试题.txt复旦大学——古代文学魏晋南北朝方向2005年博士研究生入学考试试题.txt复旦大学——金融学2002年博士研究生入学考试试题.txt复旦大学经济学院——经济学基础2005年博士研究生入学考试试题.txt复旦大学——文史哲综合2003年博士研究生入学考试试题.txt 复旦大学——文史哲综合2004年博士研究生入学考试试题.txt 复旦大学——哲学综合知识2005年博士研究生入学考试试题.txt 南京大学——历史系中国古代史2002年博士研究生入学考试试题.txt南京大学——社会学理论与方法2001～2003年博士研究生入学考试试题.txt南京大学——政治经济学2005年博士研究生入学考试试题.txt 南开大学——古代文学考试文学史2004年博士研究生入学考试南开大学——古代文学专业批评史2004年博士研究生入学考试试题.txt山东大学——中国文学史试题2004年博士研究生入学考试试题.txt上海财经大学——经济学2004博士研究生入学考试试题.txt上海财经大学——2000博士研究生入学考试试题.txt武汉大学——比较文学与世界文学专题2001年博士研究生入学考试试题.txt西北大学——西方经济学2004年年博士研究生入学考试试题.txt 浙江大学——西方经济学2003年秋博士研究生入学考试试题.txt 浙江大学——政治经济学2003年春、秋博士研究生入学考试试题.txt中国科学院自然科学史研究所——科技通史2002年博士研究生入学考试试题.htm中国科学院自然科学史研究所——科技通史2003年博士研究生入学考试试题.htm中国科学院自然科学史研究所——科技通史2004年博士研究生入学考试试题.htm中国科学院自然科学史研究所——科学技术概论2004年博士研究生入学考试试题.htm中国科学院自然科学史研究所——科学技术概论2005年度春博士研究生入学考试试题.htm中国科学院自然科学史研究所——科学技术史2005年度春博士研究生入学考试试题.htm中国科学院自然科学史研究所——自然科学知识综合试卷2003年博士研究生入学考试试题.htm中国人民大学——民法2004年博士研究生入学考试试题.txt中国人民大学——民诉1993～2004年博士研究生入学考试试北京大学医学部——病理学2004年博士研究生入学考试试题.txt 北京大学医学部——生物化学2004年博士研究生入学考试试题.txt北京大学医学部——外科学2004年博士研究生入学考试试题.txt 北京大学医学部——影像学2004年博士研究生入学考试试题.txt 第三军医大学——心内2005年博士研究生入学考试试题.txt第三军医大学——影像1999～2005年博士研究生入学考试试题.txt河北医科大学——神经病学2001年博士研究生入学考试试题.txt 华东师范大学——生理生态学2000年、生态学原理2001年博士研究生入学考试试题.txt华中科技大学同济医学院——骨科2004年博士研究生入学考试试题.txt吉林大学——神经科2003博士研究生入学考试试题.txt解放军总医院——泌尿外科2003年博士研究生入学考试试题.txt 军事医学科学院——细胞生物学2004年博士研究生入学考试试题.txt南方医科大学——免疫学2005年博士研究生入学考试试题.txt 南方医科大学——细胞生物学2005年博士研究生入学考试试题.txt山东大学医学院——病理生理学2005年博士研究生入学考试试题.txt山东大学医学院——病理学2005年博士研究生入学考试试题.txt 山东大学医学院——妇产科学2005年博士研究生入学考试试题.txt山东大学医学院——内分泌学2005年博士研究生入学考试试题.txt山东大学医学院——普通外科学2005年博士研究生入学考试试题.txt山东大学医学院——消化内科2005年博士研究生入学考试试题.txt上海第二医科大学——分子生物学（专业基础）2005年博士研究生入学考试试题.txt上海第二医科大学——考试口腔颌面外科2005年博士研究生入学考试试题.txt上海第二医科大学——考试口腔解剖生理2005年博士研究生入学考试试题.txt上海第二医科大学——生化2005年博士研究生入学考试试题.txt 上海第二医科大学——心内科专业2005年博士研究生入学考试试题.txt上海交通大学——内科学、病生2005年博士研究生入学考试试题.txt四川大学华西医学部——解剖学2005年博士研究生入学考试试题.txt四川大学华西医学部——局部解剖学2001～2004年博士研究生入学考试试题.txt四川大学华西医学部——普外2005年博士研究生入学考试试题.txt苏州大学——外科学2004年博士研究生入学考试试题.txt天津医科大学——眼科学2002～2003年博士研究生入学考试试题.txt同济大学——儿科学2005年博士研究生入学考试试题.txt同济大学——脑外2001～2003年博士研究生入学考试试题.txt 同济大学——普外、骨外、神外、泌外、儿外、器移、胸心外2005年博士研究生入学考试试题.txt同济大学——心内2005年博士研究生入学考试试题.txt同济大学——诊断学2005年博士研究生入学考试试题.txt同济大学——专业基础病理2005年博士研究生入学考试试题.txt 武汉大学——分子生物学（专业基础）2004年博士研究生入学考试试题.txt武汉大学——消化内科、病生2004年博士研究生入学考试试题.txt协和医科大学——耳鼻喉（专业基础）2005年博士研究生入学考试试题.txt协和医科大学——免疫（专业基础）2005年博士研究生入学考试试题.txt浙江大学医学院——病理学2004年博士研究生入学考试试题.txt 浙江大学医学院——免疫学2005年博士研究生入学考试试题.txt 浙江大学医学院——神经外科2004年博士研究生入学考试试题.txt浙江大学医学院——外科学2004年博士研究生入学考试试题.txt 浙江大学医学院——消化内科2005年博士研究生入学考试试题.txt浙江大学医学院——肿瘤学2004年博士研究生入学考试试题.txt 浙江大学——遗传学2001年博士研究生入学考试试题.txt浙江大学——遗传学2002年博士研究生入学考试试题.txt浙江大学——遗传学2004年博士研究生入学考试试题.txt中国科学院发育生物学所——分子生物学2000年博士研究生入学考试试题.txt中国科学院发育所——分子生物学2000年博士研究生入学考试试题.txt中国科学院上海药物研究所——药理学2003年博士研究生入学考试试题.txt中国科学院上海药物研究所——药理学2004年博士研究生入学考试试题.txt中国农业大学——分子遗传学2003年博士研究生入学考试试题.txt中国农业科学院——分子遗传学1994年博士研究生入学考试试题.txt中国农业科学院——分子遗传学1995年博士研究生入学考试试题.txt中国农业科学院——分子遗传学1996年博士研究生入学考试试题.txt中国农业科学院——分子遗传学1997年博士研究生入学考试试题.txt中国农业科学院——分子遗传学1998年博士研究生入学考试试题.txt中国农业科学院——分子遗传学2001年博士研究生入学考试试题.txt中国农业科学院——分子遗传学2002年博士研究生入学考试试题.txt中国农业科学院——基因工程概论1995年博士研究生入学考试试题.txt中国农业科学院——基因工程概论1998年博士研究生入学考试试题.txt中国农业科学院——基因工程概论1999年博士研究生入学考试试题.txt中国农业科学院——基因工程概论2001年博士研究生入学考试试题.txt中国农业科学院——基因工程概论2002年博士研究生入学考试试题.txt中国农业科学院——基因工程概论2003年博士研究生入学考试试题.txt中南大学——精神病学基础2005年博士研究生入学考试试题.txt 中南大学湘雅医学院——骨科2005年博士研究生入学考试试题.txt中南大学湘雅医学院——泌尿外科2005年博士研究生入学考试试题.txt中南大学湘雅医学院——神经解剖1999～2003年博士研究生入学考试试题.txt中山大学医学院——病理生理学2005年博士研究生入学考试试题.txt中山大学医学院——内科学2005年博士研究生入学考试试题.txt 中山大学医学院——神经病学2005年博士研究生入学考试试题.txt中山大学医学院——眼科学2005年博士研究生入学考试试题.txt 中山大学医学院——药理学2005年博士研究生入学考试试题.txt 中山大学医学院——肿瘤学2003～2004年博士研究生入学考试试题.txt中山大学医学院——肿瘤学2005年博士研究生入学考试试题.txt。
装备学院2012年博士研究生入学考试英语（1001）试题（注意：答案必须写在答题纸上，本试卷满分100分）Part I Vocabulary (10 points, 0.5 point each)Directions: There are 20 sentences in this section. There are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D under each of the following sentences. Choose the one word or phrase that best completes the sentence. Mark the corresponding letter on your Answer Sheet.1.He was ______ a medal for his outstanding contribution to science.A.rewardedB. awardedC.promisedD. admitted2.Tall and _______ , with close-cropped hair, Austin looks like anyone else on the track team.A.allergicB. confusedC.slenderD. splendid3.The problem of ________ injury and sickness received a good deal of publicity andattention this year.A.careerB. professionalC.occupationalD. employment4.Three _________ of workers produce machines that reduce tree branches to wood chips.A. shiftsB. shuttlesC. treatiesD. treads5.It is well known that the first can only work hard planting young trees for a new business,while the following people may obtain the successful fruits.A. practitionersB. amateursC. forerunnersD. managers6.The ________ between direct and non-direct investment is thus meant to focus on the issueof control.A.distinctB. distinguishC.discriminationD. distinction7.The old gentleman __________ to be an old friend of his grandfather's.A. turned inB. turned overC. turned upD. turned out8.With its share of the market falling sharply, Vermeer opened a plant in Beijing, taking aChinese partner and drawing help for the __________ from the Chinese.A.adventureB. ventureC. featureD. fracture9.The wealthier nations _______ deprive their poorer neighbors of their most able citizens.A. rejectedB. deniedC. withheldD. deprived10.His casual clothes were not ______ for such a formal occasion.A. appropriateB. grantedC. conspicuousD. noble11.The focus of the conference was the application of computer-game technologies and______ environments to real -world business problems.A. properB. outsideC. virtualD. inside12.The most _______ explanation is that professors are not particularly interested in students'welfare.A. plausibleB. clarifiedC. respectfulD. indifferent13.The manufacturers rely increasingly on governments, here and abroad, to _______ andexpand.A. profoundB. prosperC. extractD. conquer14.The Obama ________ hasn’t tried to formulate policy that far into the future.A. managementB. governmentC. administrationD. parliament15.While _________ the cause of the accident to one part, the commission also raised broaderconcerns about quality control.A. exploringB. consultingC. completingD. narrowing16.The commission recommended that the space agency _________ a better quality-controlprogram for engine parts.A. put into actionB. put into effectC. take into actionD. take into action17.The __________ significance of the new fossils is that Australopithecus sediba is the directancestor of the human genus.A. principleB. effectiveC. principalD. affective18.The analysis is not complete and Dominion _______ no numbers to the public.A. releasedB. publishedC. confessedD. dominated19.The rules stated that anyone who had held office for three years was not ________ forre-election.A. admirableB. eligibleC. reliableD. capable20.The rocks above the cave have gradually _______ away, bringing the fossils to the surface.A. trackedB. tracedC. emergedD. erodedPart II Cloze Test (15 points, 1 point each)Directions: For each numbered blank in the following passage, there are four choices marked A, B, C, and D. Choose the best one and mark your answer on your Answer Sheet.Who won the World Cup 1994 football game? What happened at the United Nations? How did the critics like the new play? __21__ an event takes place, newspapers are on the streets to the details. Wherever anything happens in the world, reports are on the spot to __22__ the news.Newspapers have one basic __23__, to get the news as quickly as possible from its source, from those who make it to those who want to know it. Radio, telegraph, television, and other inventions brought competition for newspapers. __24__ did the development of magazines and other means of communication. However, this competition merely spurred the newspapers on. They quickly made use of the newer and faster means of communication to improve the __25__ and thus the efficiency of their own operations. Competition also led newspapers to branch out to many other fields. Besides keeping readers __26__ of the latest news, today's newspapers __27__ and influence readers about politics and other important and serious matters. Newspapers influence readers' economic choices __28__ advertising. Most newspapers depend on advertising for their very __29 __. Newspapers are sold at a price that fails to __30__ even a small fraction of the cost of production. The main __31__ of income for most newspapers is commercial advertising. The __32__ in selling advertising depends on a newspaper's value to advertisers. This __33__ in terms of circulation. How many people read the newspaper? Circulation depends __34__ on the work of the circulation department and on the services or entertainment offered in a newspaper's pages. But for the most part, circulation depends on a newspaper's value to readers as a source of information about the community, city, country, state, nation, and world, and even __35__ space.21. A. Mean while B. Just when C. Soon after D. Before then22. A. gather B. spread C. carry D. bring23. A. reason B. cause C. purpose D. problem24. A. How B. So C. More D. What25. A.value B. ratio C. rate D. speed26. rm B. be informed C. to be informed D. informed27. A.entertain B. encourage C. educate D. edit28. A. on B. through C. with D. of29. A. forms B. existence C. contents D. purpose30. A. spend B. cover C. earn D. realize31. A. source B. origin C. course D. finance32. A. way B. means C. chance D. success33. A. measures B. is measured C. measured D. was measured34. A. somewhat B. little C. much D. something35. A. far B. farther C. out D. outerPart III Reading Comprehension (30 points)Section A (20 points, 1 point each)Directions: In this part of the test, there are four short passages for you to read. Read each passage carefully, and then answer the questions that follow. Choose the best answer A, B, C, or D and mark the corresponding letter on your Answer Sheet.Passage 1Hurricanes are violent storms that cause millions of dollars in property damage and take many lives. They can be extremely dangerous, and too often people underestimate their fury. Hurricanes normally originate as a small area of thunderstorms over the Atlantic Ocean west of the Cape Verde Islands during August or September. For several days, the area of the storm increases and the air pressure falls slowly. A center of low pressure forms, and winds begin to whirl around it. It is blown westward, increasing in size and strength.Hurricane hunters then fly out to the storm in order to determine its size and intensity and to track its direction. They drop instruments for recording temperature, air pressure, and humidity (湿度), into the storm. They also look at the size of waves on the ocean, the clouds, and the eye of the storm. The eye is a region of relative calm and clear skies in the center of the hurricane. People often lose their lives by leaving shelter when the eye has arrived, only to be caught in tremendous winds again when the eye has passed.Once the forecasters have determined that it is likely the hurricane will reach shore, they issue a hurricane watch for a large, general area that may be in the path of the storm. Later, when the probable point of landfall is clearer, they will issue a hurricane warning for a somewhat more limited area. People in these areas are wise to stock up on nonperishable foods, flash light and radio batteries, candles, and other items they may need if electricity and water are not available after the storm. They should also try to hurricane-proof their houses by bringing in light-weight furniture and other items from outside and covering windows. People living in low-lying areas are wise to evacuate their houses because of the storm surge, which is a large rush of water that may come ashore with the storm. Hurricanes generally lose power slowly while traveling over land, but many move out to sea, gather up force again, and return to land. As they move toward the north, they generally lose their identity as hurricanes.36. The eye of the hurricane is__________.A. the powerful center of the stormB. the relatively calm center of the stormC. the part that determines its directionD. the center of low pressure37. Which of the following statements is true?A. A storm surge is a dramatic increase in wind velocity.B. A hurricane watch is more serious than a hurricane warning.C. Falling air pressure is an indicator that the storm is increasing in intensity.D. It is safe to go outside once the eye has arrived.38. Which of the following would be the best title for this passage?A. How to Avoid Hurricane damageB. Forecasting HurricanesC. The dangerous HurricaneD. Atlantic Storms39. The low-lying areas refer to those regions that__________.A. close to the ground levelB. one-storey flatC. flat housesD. near to the lowest level of hurricane40. Which of the following is NOT a method of protecting one's house from a hurricane?A. taking out heavy thingsB. moving in light-weight furnitureC. covering windowsD. equipping the house with stonesPassage 2On the morning of September 11th, I boarded the train from Washington Heights in Upper Manhattan just as usual and went to the Body Positive office in the South Street Seaport of Lower Manhattan. While I was leaving the subway at 8:53 am, a man ran down the street screaming, "Someone just bombed the World Trade Center." Those around me screamed and shouted "No!" in disbelief. However, being an amateur photographer, and thinking that I might be able to help out, I ran directly toward the WTC. I stopped just short of the WTC at a corner and looked up. There before me stood the gaping hole and fire that had taken over the first building. I stood there in shock taking pictures, wanting to run even closer to help out, but I could not move. Soon I saw what looked like little angels floating down from the top of the building. I began to cry when I realized that these "angels" -- in fact, desperate office workers -- were coming down, some one-by-one, some even holding hands with another. Could I actually be seeing this disaster unfold with hundreds of people around me crying, screaming and running for safety?As I watched in horror, another white airliner came from the south and took aim at the South Tower. As the plane entered the building, there was an explosion and fire and soon debris ( 碎片) began to fall around me. It was then that I realized that we were being attacked and that this was just not a terrible accident. Yet, I still could not move, until I was pushed down by the crowd on the street, many now in a panic running toward the water, as far from the WTC as they could possibly get. All around me were the visual reminders of hundreds of people running in panic. There were shoes, hats, briefcases, pocketbooks, newspapers, and other personal items dropped as hundreds of people ran for safety.Much has been written about the disaster already. We have learned so much in such a small amount of time about appreciating life. In some way we must move forward, bury the dead, build a memorial for those lost, and begin the coping and healing process for the survivors. But healing takes time. Some have been able to head right back to work, others seek counseling, while others remain walking through the streets with expressionless faces. However, we are all united in our grief.41. According to paragraph 1, the author’s office was ______.A. at Washington HeightsB. just beside the World Trade CenterC. in the South Street SeaportD. far from the WTC42. The passage tells us that the author ______.A. was a social workerB. worked in the Body Positive office near the WTCC. was asked to take some pictures of WTCD. ran toward WTC because he wanted to make out what was happening43. What was his first reflection when he stood at the corner?A. People were floating down from the top of the building as if they wanted to break a world record.B. A terrorist attack against America had begun. .C. There was a terrible accident in which an airliner struck the first building.D. He was just at a loss and could not make out what had happened.44. What was the immediate reaction of the man on seeing all this?A. He watched in horror and cried, but couldn’t move.B. He ran nearer to help out.C. He ran nearer to take pictures.D. He ran away to try to find a shelter.45. In the last paragraph, the author’s attitude is that ______.A. different people have different ideasB. people shouldn’t walk with expressionless facesC. people should go back to work immediatelyD. however difficult the situation is, people should unite and move forwardPassage 3We can begin our discussion of “population as global issue” with what most persons mean when they discuss “the population problem”: too many people on earth and a too rapid increase in the number added each year. The facts are not in dispute. It was quite right to employ the analogy that likened demographic growth to “a long, thin powder fuse that burns steadily and haltingly until it finally reaches the charge and explodes.”To understand the current situation, which is characterized by rapid increases in population, it is necessary to understand the history of population trends. Rapid growth is a comparatively recent phenomenon. Looking back at the 8,000 years of demographic history, we find that populations have been virtually stable or growing very slightly for most of human history. For most of our ancestors, life was hard, often nasty, and very short. There was high fertility in most places, but this was usually balanced by high mortality. For most of human history, it was seldom the case that one in ten persons would live past forty, while infancy and childhood were especially risky periods. Often, societies were in clear danger of extinction because death rates could exceed their birthrates. Thus, the population problem throughout most of history was how to prevent extinction of the human race.This pattern is important to notice. Not only does it put the current problems of demographic growth into a historical perspective, but it suggests that the cause of rapid increase in population in recent years is not a sudden enthusiasm for more children, but an improvement in the conditions that traditionally have caused high mortality.Demographic history can be divided into two major periods: a time of long, slow growth which extended from about 8,000 B.C. till approximately A.D. 1650. In the first period of some 9600 years, the population increased from some 8 million to 500 million in 1650. Between 1650 and the present, the population has increased from 500 million to more than 4 billion. And it is estimated that by the year 2000 there will be 6.2 billion people throughout the world. One way to appreciate this dramatic difference in such abstract numbers is to reduce the time frame to something that is more manageable. Between 8000BC and 1650, an average of only 50,000 persons was being added annually to the world’s population each year. At present, this number is added every six hours. The increase is about 80,000,000 persons annually.46. Which of the following demographic growth pattern is most suitable for the long thinpowder fuse analogy?A. A virtually stable or slightly decreasing period and then a sudden explosion ofpopulation.B. A slow growth for a long time and then a period of rapid, dramatic increase.C. Too many people on earth and some rapid increase in the number added each year.D. A long period when death rates exceeds birthrates and then a short period with higherfertility and lower mortality.47. During the first period of demographic history, societies were often in danger of extinctionbecause___.A. only one in ten persons could live past 40.B. there was higher mortality than fertility in most places.C. it was too dangerous to have babies due to the poor conditions.D. our ancestors had little enthusiasm for more children.48. Which statement is true about population increase?A. There might be an increase of 2.2 billion persons from now to the year 2000.B. About 50,000 babies are born every six hours at present.C. Between 8000 BC and the present, the population increase is about 80,000,000 personseach year.D. The population increased faster between 8000BC and 1650 than between 1650 and thepresent.49.The word “demographic” in the first paragraph means___.A. statistics of humanB. surroundings studyC. accumulation of humanD. development of human50. The author of the passage intends to___.A. warn people against the population explosion in the near futureB. compare the demographic growth pattern in the past with that after 1650C. find out the cause for rapid increase in population in recent yearsD. present us a clear and complete picture of the demographic growthPassage 4Auctions are public sales of goods, conducted by an officially approved auctioneer. He asks the crowd assembled in the auction-room to make offers, or “bids”, for the various items on sale. He encourages buyers to bid higher figures, and finally names the highest bidder as the buyer of the goods. This is called “knocking down” the goods, for the bidding ends when the auctioneer bangs a small hammer on a table at which he stands. This is often set on a raised platform called a rostrum. ？The ancient Romans probably invented sales by auction, and the English word comes from the Latin auctio, meaning “increase”. The Romans usually sold in this way the spoils taken in war; these sales were called sub basra, meaning “under the spear”, a spear being stuck in the ground as a signal for a crowd to gather. In England in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries goods were often sold “by the candle”: a short candle was lit by the auctioneer, and bids could be made while it stayed alight.Practically all goods whose qualities vary are sold by auction. Among these are coffee, hides, skins, wool, tea, cocoa, furs, spices, fruit and vegetables and wines. Auction sales are also usual for land and property, antique furniture, pictures, rare books, old china and similar works of art. The auction rooms at Christie's and Sotheby's in London and New York are world famous.An auction is usually advertised beforehand with full particulars of the articles to be sold and where and when they can be viewed by prospective buyers. If the advertisement cannot give full details, catalogues are printed, and each group of goods to be sold together, called a “lot”, is usually given a number. The auctioneer need not begin with Lot 1 and continue in numerical order; he may wait until he registers the fact that certain dealers are in the room and then produce the lots they are likely to be interested in. The auctioneer's services are paid for in the form of a percentage of the price the goods are sold for. The auctioneer therefore has a direct interest in pushing up the bidding as high as possible.The auctioneer must know fairly accurately the current market values of the goods he is selling, and he should be acquainted with regular buyers of such goods. He will not waste time by starting the bidding too low. He will also play on the rivalries among his buyers and succeed in getting a high price by encouraging two business competitors to bid against each other. It is largely on his advice that a seller will fix a “reserve” price, that is ,a pri ce below which the goods cannot be sold. Even the best auctioneers, however, find it difficult to stop a “knock out”, whereby dealers illegally arrange beforehand not to bid against each other, but nominate one of themselves as the only bidder, in the hope of buying goods at extremely low prices. If such a ‘knock-out’ comes off, the real auction sale takes place privately afterwards among the dealers.51. A candle used to burn at auction sales ________.A. because they took place at nightB. as a signal for the crowd to gatherC. to keep the auctioneer warmD. to limit the time when offers could be made52. An auction catalogue gives prospective buyers ________.A. the current market values of the goodsB. details of the goods to be soldC. the order in which goods must be soldD. free admission to the auction sale53. The auctioneer may decide to sell the “lots” out of order because ________.A. he sometimes wants to confuse the buyersB. he knows from experience that certain people will want to buy certain itemsC. he wants to keep certain people waitingD. he wants to reduce the number of buyers54. An auctioneer likes to get high prices for the goods he sells because ________.A. then he earns more himselfB. the dealers are pleasedC. the auction-rooms become world famousD. it keeps the customers interested55. A ‘knock-out’ is arranged ________.A. to increase the auctioneer's profitB. to allow one dealer only to make a profitC. to keep the price in the auction room lowD. to help the auctioneerSection B (10 points, 2 points each)Directions: In this section, there is a passage with five questions. After you have read the passage, answer each question in English with no more than 15 words. Write down your answer on the Answer Sheet.1. Chad Hurley and Steve Chen have some experience with turning a small Web site into Internet gold. In 2006 they sold their scrappy start-up YouTube to Google for $1.65 billion.2. More recently they picked an unlikely candidate to be their next Web sensation: a Yahoo castoff (丢弃物).3. The men are trying to inject new life into Delicious, a social bookmarking service that, in its time, was popular among the technorati, but failed to catch on with a broader audience.4. “What we plan to do,” Mr. Hurley said in an interview here last week, “is try to introduce Deliciou s to the rest of the world.”5. Created in 2003, Delicious lets people save links from around the Web and organize them using a simple tagging system, assigning keywords like “neuroscience” or “recipes.” It was praised for the way it allowed easy sharing of those topical links. The site’s early popularity spurred Yahoo to snap it up in 2005 — but in the years after that Yahoo did little with it.6. In December, leaked internal reports from Yahoo hinted that the company was planning to sell or shut down the service.7. At the same time, Mr. Chen and Mr. Hurley, who had recently formed a new company called Avos and begun renting space a few blocks from the original YouTube offices in San Mateo, had been brainstorming ideas for their next venture. One problem they kept circling around was the struggle to keep from drowning in the flood of news, cool new sites and videos surging through their Twitter accounts and RSS feeds, a glut that makes it difficult to digest more thana sliver of that material in a given day.8. “Twitter sees something like 200 million tweets a day, but I bet I can’t even read 1,000 a day,” Mr. Chen said. “There’s a waterfall of content that you’re missing out on.”9. He added, “There are a lot of services trying to solve the information discovery pro blem, and no one has got it right yet.”10. When the men heard about Yahoo’s plans to close Delicious, their ears perked up, and they placed a personal call to Jerry Yang, one of the founders of Yahoo, and made him an offer. (They declined to disclose financial details of the transaction.)11. At heart, they say, the revamped service will still resemble the original Delicious when it opens to the public, which Mr. Chen and Mr. Hurley said would happen later this year. But their blueprint involves an ove rhaul of the site’s design and the software and the systems used to tag and organize links.12. The current home page of Delicious features a simple cascade of blue links, the most recent pages bookmarked by its users, and it tends to largely be dominated technology news. But the new Delicious aims to be more of a destination, a place where users can go to see the most recent links shared around topical events, like the Texas wildfires or the anniversary of the Sept.11 attacks, as well as the gadget reviews and tech tips.13. The home page would feature browseable “stacks,” or collections of related images, videos and links shared around topical events. The site would also make personalized recommendations for users, based on their sharing habits. “We wan t to simplify things visually, mainstream the product and make it easier for people to understand what they’re doing,” Mr. Hurley said.14. Mr. Chen gives the example of trying to find information about how to repair a vintage car radio or plan an exotic vacation.15. “You’re Googling around and have eight to 10 browser tabs of results, links to forums and message boards, all related to your search,” he said. The new Delicious, he said, provides “a very easy way to save those links in a collection that so meone else can browse.”16. They say they decided to buy Delicious rather than build their own service for a number of reasons.17. “We know how hard it would be to build a brand,” Mr. Hurley said. “Delicious lets us hit the ground running with its existing footprint.”18. A number of sites already have Delicious buttons as an option for sharing content — right alongside Facebook, Twitter and Tumblr, Mr. Hurley said.19. But Mr. Chen said the team also “liked the idea of saving one of the original Web 2.0 companies that started the social sharing movement on the Web.” He added: “There was some sense of history. We were genuinely sad that it would be shut down.”20. Both founders acknowledge that they were never diehard Delicious users. “I signed up in 2005 and I didn’t use it again until 2011,” Mr. Chen said with an embarrassed laugh.56. What is likely to be Chad Hurley and Steve Chen’s next web sensation according to thepassage?57. Why the author says in paragraph 2 that the sensation is an UNLIKELY candidate?58. How do you understand the sentence said by Mr. Hurley “Delicious lets us hit the groundrunning with its existing footprint” in paragraph 17?59. What does the word ‘diehard’ possibly mean in the first sentence of the last paragraph?60. List no less than 10 words in the passage that are related with web or internet.Part IV Error Detection and Correction (10 points, 1 point each) Directions: Each of the following underlined part has an error. Find out the errors in the underlined parts and without altering the meaning of the sentence, write down your correction on the Answer Sheet.To be really happy and really safe, one ought to have at least two or three hobbies, and they must all be real. It is no use to start late in life to say: “I will take an interest in this or that.”(61) Such an attempt only aggravates the strain of mental effort. A man may acquire great knowledges of topics unconnected with his daily work, and yet hardly get any benefit or relief.(62) It is no use doing what you like; you have got to dislike what you do. Broadly speaking, human being may be divided as three classes (63): those who are toiled to death, those who are worried to death, and those who are bored to death. It is no use offering the manual laborer, tired out with a hard week’s sweat ing and effort, (64) the chance of playing a game of football or baseball on Saturday afternoon. It is no use inviting the politician or the profession or business man, (65) who has been working or worrying about serious things for six days, to work or worry about trifling things at the weekend.It may also be said that rational, industrious, useful human beings are divided into two classes: first, those whose work is work and whose pleasure is pleasure; and secondly, people whose work and pleasure are one. (66) Of these the former are the major. (67) They have their compensations. The long hours in the office or the factory bring with them as their reward, not only the means of sustenance, and a keen appetite for pleasure even in its simplest and most modest forms. (68) But Fortune’s favored children belong to the second class. Their life is a naturally harmony. (69) For them the working hours are never long enough. Each day is a holiday, and ordinary holidays when they come are grudged as enforced interruptions in an absorbing vacation. Yet of both classes the need of an alternative outlook, (70) of a change of。
中国政法大学研究生院
2011年博士研究生入学考试试题
招生专业或研究方向:思想政治教育
考试科目:马克思主义思想政治教育原著宣读
考生须知
1.所有试题均在答题纸上写清题号作答,在试题上答题不给分。
2.将答题纸和试题一起交回,否则以零分。
3.考生必须按照选题要求回答下列各题,即按照要求完成必答题和选答题。
一、简答题
1.简述实践范畴在马克思主义哲学中的地位
2.论马克思主义人的本质观点，并评论“人的本质自私论”。
3.社会主义的道德体系及其建立主要依据
4.论科技创新与人的思想道德的关系
5.简述人的主体性的主要表现，并简要阐述当代丧失主体性的现象
二、论述题
1.论述列宁的灌输原理，并阐述其实质及其实现意义与理论地位。
2.恩格斯在《反杜林传》中如何阐述马克思主义传统道德观？试论述现阶段我们应如何对待传统道德？。
