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第7讲非谓语动词非谓语动词包括不定式(to do)、动名词(－ing)、现在分词(－ing)与过去分词(－ed)。
它们不受主语人称和数的限制，在句子中不能充当谓语，但可以充当句子的其他成分，并且有时态和语态的变化。
所以，要正确使用非谓语形式，一定要充分理解不同形式所表现的意义，要明确非谓语动词与逻辑主语之间是“主动”还是“被动(或状态)”，所表示的动作是“过去”、“现在”还是“将来”，以及和谓语动词所表示的动作是同步发生还是有先后之分。
一、不定式和动名词作主语【例句观察】吸烟在这儿是禁止的。
Smoking is prohibited here. (抽象)吸烟太多对你不好。
It is not very good for you to smoke so much. (具体)【结论1】动名词作主语通常表示抽象动作，而不定式作主语表示具体动作。
【例句观察】Working in these conditions is not easy. (一般式)在这样的条件下工作不容易。
Having studied computer is an important qualification for the job. (完成式) 学过电脑是获得这份工作的重要条件。
Their not being served by the waiter added to their anger. (被动式，Their不可用They和Them，not在doing前)没有被服务增添了他们的愤怒。
【结论2】动名词和不定式作主语除了一般式和主动式，还有完成式、被动式。
完成式表示该动作比谓语动词动作先发生。
【完成例句】(1)他的到来将会是很大的帮助。
His coming here will be a great help. (不可用He和Him) (2) Jack的突然消失使他们很担忧。
Jack's suddenly disappearing made them worried. (不可用Jack)【结论3】当动名词带逻辑主语时，只可在其前加上物主代词或名词的所有格，不可以用人称代词主格和宾格，也不可以用名词的普通格。
专题六时态、语态和主谓一致教师备用题库单句填空1.(2015课标全国卷Ⅰ)It was raining lightly when I(arrive)in Yangshuo just before dawn.答案arrived 考查动词的时态。
由语境可知说的是过去的事,故用一般过去时。
2.(2015课标全国卷Ⅰ)Yangshuo(be)really beautiful.答案is 考查动词的时态和主谓一致。
此处叙述的是客观事实,故用一般现在时,主语是第三人称单数,故填is。
3.(2015课标全国卷Ⅱ)This cycle(go)day after day: The walls warm up during the day and cool off during the night and are thus always a timely offset(抵消)for the outside temperatures.答案goes 本空考查动词的时态和主谓一致。
根据下文可知应用一般现在时,且This cycle为第三人称单数,故用goes。
4.(2014课标全国卷Ⅰ)In 1969,the pollution was terrible along the Cuyahoga River near Cleveland, Ohio. It (be)unimaginable that it could ever be cleaned up. 答案was 考查时态。
根据语境和时间状语In 1969可知要用一般过去时。
5.(2014课标全国卷Ⅱ)A boy on a bike(catch)my attention. He was riding beside the bus and waving his arms.答案caught 根据下文可知此处是在叙述一件往事,应用一般过去时,故这里应使用catch的过去式。
6.(2014课标全国卷Ⅱ)Then the driver stood up and asked,“anyone lose a suitcase at the last stop?”答案Did 句尾的问号提示该句为疑问句,“丢失”是发生在过去的动作,故应使用助动词Did。
专题07 非谓语动词狂练60题养成良好的答题习惯，是决定高考英语成败的决定性因素之一。
做题前，要认真阅读题目要求、题干和选项，并对答案内容作出合理预测;答题时，切忌跟着感觉走，最好按照题目序号来做，不会的或存在疑问的，要做好标记，要善于发现，找到题目的题眼所在，规范答题，书写工整;答题完毕时，要认真检查，查漏补缺，纠正错误。
总之，在最后的复习阶段，学生们不要加大练习量。
在这个时候，学生要尽快找到适合自己的答题方式，最重要的是以平常心去面对考试。
英语最后的复习要树立信心，考试的时候遇到难题要想“别人也难”，遇到容易的则要想“细心审题”。
越到最后，考生越要回归基础，单词最好再梳理一遍，这样有利于提高阅读理解的效率。
另附高考复习方法和考前30天冲刺复习方法。
不定式1．As Helen walked on, she heard a man charging towards her. Fearful that he might have an intention (harm) her, Helen started to run. (所给词的适当形式填空)【答案】to harm【详解】考查非谓语动词。
句意：当海伦继续往前走时，她听到一个男人向她冲过来。
海伦担心他可能有意要伤害她，于是就开始跑。
分析句子结构，可知空处应填非谓语动词的形式，have an intention to do sth.意为“有意向做某事”，固定搭配，不定式作后置定语。
故填to harm。
2．(help) us prepare for the exam, the teacher suggested reading through our notes. (所给词的适当形式填空)【答案】To help【详解】考查非谓语动词。
句意：为了帮助我们准备考试，老师建议通读我们的笔记。
分析句子结构可知，此处是非谓语动词作状语，“老师建议我们诵读笔记是”为了“帮助我们准备考试”，表目的，应用动词不定式作目的状语，句首单词首字母大写。
【16份】2020版英语高考山东人教专用大一轮精练：Book2目录2019年5月Book 2Unit 2The Olympic Games词汇积累分层单词?写作词汇1.n.志愿者;志愿兵adj.志愿的;义务的vt. & vi.自愿2.n.祖国;本国3.vt.取代;替换;代替4.vt. & vi.收费;控诉n.费用;主管5.adj.物理的;身体的6.vt. & vi.做广告;登广告7.vi. & vt.应受(报答或惩罚);值得8.vi.比赛;竞争答案 1.volunteer 2.homeland 3.replace 4.charge5.physical6.advertise7.deserve8.c-o/mpete?阅读词汇1.ancient adj.2.medal n.3.basis n.4.athlete n.5.nowadays adv.6.stadium n.7.host vt. n.8.swift adj.9.fine vt.10.poster n.11.bargain vi. n.12.gymnastics n.(pl)13.motto n.14.glory n.15.pain n.答案 1.古代的;古老的 2.奖章;勋章;纪念章 3.基础;根据 4.运动员;运动选手 5.现今;现在 6.体育场7.做东,主办,招待主人8.快的;迅速的9.罚款10.海报;招贴11.讨价还价,讲条件便宜货12.体操;体能训练13.座右铭;格言;警句14.光荣;荣誉15.疼痛;痛苦?拓展词汇1.vi.比赛;竞争→n.竞争→adj.竞争的;有竞争力的→n.竞争者2.adj.规则的;定期的;常规的→adv.定期地;有规律地3.vt. & vi.容许;承认;接纳→n.准许加入;入场费4.n.责任;职责→adj.负责的5.adj.愚蠢的;傻的→n.傻瓜vt.欺骗;愚弄答案 1.c-o/mpete;competition;competitive;competitor 2.regular;regularly3.admit;admission4.responsibility;responsible5.foolish;fool高频短语1.参加;参与2.代表;象征;表示3.也;又;还4.一个接一个地5.拾起;捡起;用车接某人6.代替……7.在……中起作用8.主管;看管;负责9.除了……外答案 1.take part in 2.stand for 3.as well 4.one after another 5.pick up 6.take the place of 7.play a role in8.in charge9.apart from经典句型and I used to 1.I lived in(你们称之为……的地方)“Ancient Greece” write about the Olympic Games a long time ago.2.(正是在夏季奥运会上)you have the running races, together with swimming, sailing and all the team sports.3.No other countries could join in,(奴隶和妇女也不能参加)!4.Women(不仅被允许参加,而且还在……中起着非常重要的作用)gymnastics, athletics, team sports and...5.There’ｓ(争取奥运会承办权的竞争就跟……一样激烈)to win Olympic medals.6.She was very beautiful and could(比任何一个男人跑得都快)in Greece.7.She(如此生气以至于)she said to her father that she would not marry anyone who could not run faster than her.8.This is important because(你说的英语越多,你的英语就会越好).答案 1.what you call 2.It’s in the Summer Olympics that 3.nor could slaves or women4.are not only allowed, but play a very important role in5.as much competition among countries to host the Olympics as6.run faster than any man7.was so angry that8.the more you speak English, the better your English will become2019年5月Book 2Unit 2The Olympic Games 课文与语法填空阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
专题一 句子成分综合演练Ⅰ.写出画线部分句子成分的名称1.Recycling is one way to protect the environment.① ②①: ②:答案 ①:主语 ②:定语2.Wordcamethat our team had won the tough match.① ② ③①: ②: ③:答案 ①:主语 ②:谓语 ③:同位语3.I am writingto invite you to join our team to prepare for it.① ②①: ②:答案 ①:谓语 ②:状语4.Inthemeanwhile ①, parents ②are giving ③their children too much protection ④.①: ②: ③: ④:答案 ①:状语 ②:主语 ③:谓语 ④:宾语5.That is because he is always helping others outwhen they are in ① ② trouble.①: ②:答案 ①:表语 ②:状语6.Susanmade it clearthat she wished to make a new life for① ② ③ ④ herself.①: ②: ③: ④:答案 ①:主语 ②:谓语 ③:宾语补足语 ④:宾语7. Believe me, I know how easy it is to begin smoking.①②①:②:答案①:独立成分②:宾语Ⅱ.语法填空(2018山东济宁一模)Around three in five people in the UK will find 1 necessary to care for an elderly or a disabled loved one at some point. This can be made much 2 (easy)by bearing in mind a few simple principles and pieces of advice.3 (care)for an elderly loved one, most likely a parent,is never easy. It can cause great pain emotionally and4 (physical)and the financial challenges can sometimes seem difficult to deal with,too.Often one of the hardest things is striking a balance between your parents' desire 5 (feel)independent and the need to ensure that they are safe and their health needs are being attended to. Sometimes this can create tensions and 6 (argue),only adding to the stress of an already difficult situation. It is important here to make them feel that they are being listened to and 7 you only have their best interests at heart.The same applies 8 financial issues. In order to cover the costs of their parents' care—including bills and medicine—many people will investigate options such as selling the family home. The most important thing here is communication—it is vital to make sure that everyone involved,including other brothers and sisters, 9 (be)aware of what's being proposed and cooperates to find a solution 10 satisfies everybody.1. 2. 3. 4. 5.6. 7. 8. 9. 10.答案[语篇解读] 本文介绍了在照顾年迈的亲人时应该注意的事项。
Ⅰ.单句填空用所给动词的适当形式填空，并熟读下面句子，体会非谓语动词的用法。
1．Simon made a big bamboo box ________ (keep)the little sick bird till it could fly.2．His first book ________ (publish)next month is based ona true story.3．Lydia doesn't feel like ________ (study) abroad.Her parents are old.4．Sarah pretended to be cheerful，________ (say)nothing about the argument.5．I had great difficulty ________ (find)the suitable food on the menu in that restaurant.6．It rained heavily in the south，________ (cause)serious flooding in several provinces.7．The traffic rule says young children under the age of four and ________ (weigh)less than 40 pounds must be in achild safety seat.8．I noticed a man ________ (sit)at the front.9.He spat it out，________ (say)it was awful.10．She wished that he was as easy ________ (please)as her mother，who was always delighted with perfume. 11．For example，the proverb，“plucking up a crop ________is based on the following story.(help)it grow”，12．Finally，I accepted the offer of an old peasant woman who lived alone in a little house while she was gettingme ________ (settle)into a tiny but clean room.13．I can't stand ________ (work) with Jane in the same office.She just refuses ________ (stop)talking while sheworks.14．As a result of the serious flood，two-thirds of the buildings in the area need ________(repair)．15．Isn't it time you got down to ________(mark) the papers?16．Mr.Reed made up his mind to devote all he had to ________ (set)up some schools for poor children. 17．Tsinghua University，________ (found)in 1911，is home to a great number of outstanding figures.18．Li Jian put up a picture of Yao Ming beside the bed to keep himself ________ (remind)of his own dreams.19．________ (offer)an important role in a new movie，Andy has got a chance to become famous.20．Even the best writers sometimes find themselves ________(lose)for words.21．Claire had her luggage ________ (check) an hour before her plane left.22．I'm calling to enquire about the position ________ (advertise)in yesterday's (China Daily)．23．Alexander tried to get his work ________ (recognize) in the medical circles.24．________ (see)from the top of the tower，the south footof the mountain is a sea of trees.25．A great number of students ________ (question)said they were forced to practise the piano.26．At one point I made up my mind to talk to Uncle Sam.Then I changed my mind，________(realize)that he could do nothing to help.27．Bats are surprisingly long-lived creatures，some ________(have)a life span of around 20 years.28．I had great difficulty ________(find)the suitable food on the menu in that restaurant.29．________(approach)the city center，we saw a stone statue of about 10 meters in height.30．________(look)at my classmates' faces，I read the same excitement in their eyes.答案 1.to keep 2.to be published 3.studying4．saying 5.finding 6.causing 7.weighing 8.sitting 9．saying 10.to please 11.to help 12.settled13．working；to stop 14.repairing/to be repaired15．marking 16.setting 17.founded 18.reminded19．Offered 20.lost 21.checked 22.advertised23．recognized 24.Seen 25.questioned 26.realizing 27．having 28.finding 29.Approaching 30.Looking Ⅱ.语篇填空，根据短文语境，在空白处填入动词的适当形式Recently in the US，more students prefer __1__(leave)the campus and study in a foreign country forhalf or one year.Some people may be __2__(frighten)：communicating in a foreign language，leaving friends and adjusting to a new environment are very difficult for students__3__(study)abroad.However，the experience students have abroad is often impossible to gain at their home universities.there is so much __4__(do)．I'm hoping __5__ “Globally，(go)somewhere and experience something I wouldn't getat home，”a s tudent who intended __6__(study)abroad said.It was said that the increase had something to do withthe universities' promise that they encourage students __7__(study)overseas.The universities have been really good about saying that students need __8__(go)abroad.Some people believed that the __9__(increase)interestwas simply the result of individual (个性的)growth within students.“I think that students are continuing __10__(recognize)the value of an international experience，”one said.“I'm very proud of this generation.Students that return from foreign countries bring back a sense of global awareness that other studentswant__11__(experience)．For many American students，some of the most important lessons abroad are those __12__(experience)outside the classroom.Students canhave deep opinions.Even very small cultural difference can surprise the students.答案 1.to leave 2.frightened 3.to study 4.to do5.to go6.to study7.to study8.to go9.increased/increasing10.to recognize11.toexperience 12.experienced。
第七讲非谓语动词[考纲解读·定方向]非谓语动词是历年高考的必考点，是考生做好英语语法填空题必须要掌握的知识。
语篇型语法填空对非谓语动词的考查主要集中在非谓语动词作定语、宾语、此外非谓语动词作主语、表语、状语、补语也是高考语篇型语法填空的重点。
如何确定填非谓语动词[思考趋向]若句中找到了谓语动词，而又找不到连词(并列连词或从句连词)时，则所给动词一定用非谓语动词形式。
非谓语动词需确定是v.ing形式、v.ed形式还是不定式。
[典例感悟][典例1](2018·浙江卷6月)I still remember ________ (visit) a friend who'd lived here for five years and I was shocked when I learnt she hadn't cooked once in all that time.解析：visiting [考查非谓语动词。
分析句子结构可知，remember作谓语，且空处不作并列谓语，故应填非谓语动词，此处考查remember doing sth.表示“记得做过某事”，故填visiting。
][典例2](2018·天津卷)It took him a long time ________ (acquire) the skills he needed to become a good dancer.解析：to acquire [句意：获得他成为一名好舞者所需要的各项技能花了很长时间。
考查非谓语动词作主语。
在It takes/took sb....to do sth.句型中，It 作形式主语，不定式短语作真正的主语。
][典例3](2018·北京卷)Ordinary soap，________ (use) correctly，can deal with bacteria effectively.解析：used [句意：普通的香皂，只要使用正确，就可以有效除菌。
专题七非谓语动词
综合演练
Ⅰ.语法填空
(2018陕西汉中质检二)
China remains the driving force for the 1 (globe) tourism industry, because the number of outbound (出境的) Chinese tourists and their spending power continues to rise, recent data showed.
Changes in the demographic(客户群) and spending habits of Chinese 2 (visitor) could benefit developing countries in Southeast Asia as well as 3 along the Belt and Road routes, experts pointed out on Tuesday.
In the first half of 2017, total outbound trips from the Chinese mainland 4 (reach) 62.03 million, up 5 percent year on year, according to the data 5 (release) by China National Tourism Administration (CNTA) in August.
6 the rate of expansion slowed from about 10 percent in recent years, it was still enough to help the global tourism sector achieve strong
7 (grow).
According to the UN World Tourism Organization, in the first half of 2017,
8 number of global tourists reached 598 million, which increased by 6 percent on
a year-on-year 9 (basic).
Chinese travelers 10 (account) for about 10.4 percent of the total, according to the organization.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
6. 7. 8. 9. 10.
答案
[语篇解读] 中国出境游客数量以及境外消费能力持续增长,这极大地拉动了世界旅游业的发展。
1.global 设空处作定语,修饰“旅游业”,故用形容词。
global全球的;全世界的。
2.visitors 此处意为“中国游客的消费习惯”,根据语境可知visitor用复数形式。
3.those 此处指“‘一带一路’沿线的那些国家”,前面提到了“东南亚的发展中国家”,故用those。
4.reached 根据时间状语In the first half of 2017可知,谓语动词用一般过去时态。
5.released 设空处作后置定语,修饰data,data与release之间为被动关系,且此处表示完成,故用过去分词作后置定语。
6.Although/Though/While 虽然近些年增长速度有所放缓,但是它仍然足以帮助世界旅游业实现强劲增长。
根据语境可知此处引导让步状语从句,although,though和while均可引导让步状语从句。
7.growth 设空处作achieve的宾语,故填名词。
growth增加;增长。
8.the the number of...意为“……的数量”,此处意为“全球游客的数量达到了5.98亿”。
9.basis on a...basis为固定短语,故填basis。
basis基础;根据。
10.accounted 中国游客大约占全球游客总数的10.4%。
结合语境可知,此处叙述的是过去的事情,故谓语动词用过去式。
Ⅱ.短文改错
(2018安徽江南十校3月联考)
假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文,请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。
文中共有10处语言错误,每句中最多有两处,每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加:在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧),并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除:把多余的词用斜线(\)划掉。
修改:在错的词下画一横线,并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意:1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词。
2.只允许修改10处,多者(从第11处起)不计分。
It is no doubt that we produce lots of garbage every day. However, few people have the habit of sorting waste.
This will bring lots of problem. First, the value of things that can be recycled or reused, such as plastic and paper, are reduced. Besides, deal with some waste by burning it will cause serious environmentally pollution.
For these reasons, the government should take effectively measures to call for waste sorting. More publicity campaigns and public service advertisements should run to raise public aware. The government can also design the colorful garbage cans with clear waste-sorting images on it to encourage people to sort waste.
答案
① is no doubt that we produce lots of garbage every day. However, few people
have the habit of sorting waste.
is will b ing lo s of ② obl obl s . First, the value of things that can be recycled
o us d, suc as las ic and a , ③
a is reduced. Bes id s, ④ d al d aling with some waste by bu ning i will caus s ious ⑤ n i on n ally n i on n al pollution.
Fo s asons, go n n s ould ak ⑥ ff c i ly ff c i measures to call for
waste sorting. More publicity campaigns and public service advertisements should ⑦∧b un o ais ublic ⑧awa awa n ss . go n n can also d sign ⑨the colorful
garbage cans with clear waste-so ing i ag s on ⑩i to encourage people to sort
waste.
解析
1.考查固定句型。
“ is no doub a ...”为固定句式,意为“毫无疑问,……”。
故将It 改为 There 。
2.考查名词复数。
句意:这将带来很多问题。
problem 为可数名词。
根据前面的lots of(许多)可知需将problem(单数形式) 改为 problems(复数形式)。
3.考查主谓一致。
本句主语是the value,为单数或不可数名词,故将are 改为 is 。
4.考查动名词作主语。
句意:此外,通过焚烧处理垃圾会导致严重的环境污染。
错误处在句中作主语,需用动名词形式,故将deal 改为 dealing 。
5.考查形容词。
错误处需用形容词而非副词作pollution 的定语,故将environment 改为 environmental 。
6.考查形容词。
句意:由于这些原因,政府应该采取有效的措施呼吁垃圾分类。
错误处需用形容词而非副词作measures 的定语,故将effectively 改为 effective 。
7.考查被动语态。
主语More publicity campaigns and public service advertisements 与 run 之间为被动关系,故此句需用被动语态,故在run 前加be 。
8.考查名词。
错误处需用名词而非形容词作raise 的宾语,故将aware 改为 awareness 。
9.考查冠词。
错误处后的名词cans为复数形式,在本句中表示泛指,需与零冠词连用,故将the 删除。
10.考查代词。
错误处的it 应改为 them,指代前面的colorful garbage cans。
