Chapter 1 An Introduction to Software Engineering *What is software?
-Computer programs and associated documentation and Data
-Two fundamental types of software product: generic products and customized products
*What is software engineering?
-Software engineering is an engineering discipline which is concerned with all aspects of software production
*What is the difference between software engineering and computer science?
-Computer science is concerned with theory and fundamentals;
-software engineering is concerned with the practicalities of developing and delivering useful software
*What is a software process?
-A set of activities whose goal is the development or evolution of software
-Generic activities in all software processes are:
?Specification 、Development 、Validation 、Evolution
Chapter 4 Software Process
*Software process
-Software processes are the activities involved in producing and evolving a software system.
-A structured set of activities required to develop a software system:
specification; design and implementation; validation; evolution.
-General process activities are specification, design and implementation, validation and evolution.
*Software process models
-Software process models are abstract representations of these processes.
-Generic process models describe the organisation of software processes. Examples include the waterfall model, evolutionary development and component-based software engineering.
-waterfall model is only appropriate when the requirements are well-understood and changes
-The waterfall model is mostly used for large systems engineering projects where a system is developed at several sites
-There are two fundamental types of evolutionary development: exploratory development and throw-away prototyping
-Exploratory development should start with well-understood requirements and add new features as proposed by the customer
-Throw-away prototyping should start with poorly understood requirements to clarify what is really needed.
- Evolutionary development is mostly used for small or medium-size interactive systems and short-lifetime systems
*Iterative process models describe the software process as a cycle of activities
Chapter 5 Project management
*Primary project management activities:
-Proposal writing.
-Project planning and scheduling.
-Project costing.
-Project monitoring and reviews.
-Personnel selection and evaluation.
-Report writing and presentations.
*Project planning
-Milestones are the end-point of a process activity.
-Deliverables are project results delivered to customers.
*Project scheduling
-Organize tasks concurrently to make optimal use of workforce.
-Minimize task dependencies to avoid delays caused by one task waiting for another to complete.
-Graphical notations used to illustrate the project schedule: bar charts and activity networks
-Activity charts show task dependencies and the critical path.
-Bar charts show schedule against calendar time.
Task durations and dependencies
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Activity bar chart (Gantt chart)
Staff allocation vs. time chart chart
*Risk management
-Three related categories of risk: project risks, product risks, business risks -Project risks affect schedule or resources;
-Product risks affect the quality or performance of the software being developed;
-Business risks affect the organisation developing or procuring the software
-The process of risk management involves several stages: Risk identification, Risk analysis, Risk planning, Risk monitoring.
-Risk identification: Identify project, product and business risks;
-Risk analysis: Assess the likelihood and consequences of these risks;
-Risk planning: Draw up plans to avoid or minimise the effects of the risk;
-Risk monitoring: Monitor the risks throughout the project;
The risk management process
Chapter 6 Software Requirements
*Types of requirement:
-Functional and non-functional requirements
-User requirements and system requirements
*Functional and non-functional requirements
-Functional requirements
?Statements of services the system should provide, how the system should react to particular inputs and how the system should
behave in particular situations.
-Non-functional requirements
?Constraints on the services or functions offered by the system such as timing constraints, constraints on the development process,
standards, etc.
-The types of non-functional requirement are: product requirements, organisational requirements, external requirements.
-Functional requirements set out services the system should provide.
-Non-functional requirements constrain the system being developed or the development process.
*In principle, requirements should be both complete and consistent.
-Complete
?They should include descriptions of all facilities required.
-Consistent
?There should be no conflicts or contradictions in the descriptions of the system facilities.
Chapter 7 Requirements Engineering Processes
*The requirements engineering process includes
- Feasibility study, requirements elicitation and analysis, requirements specification and requirements management.
Chapter 8 System Model
*Different models present the system from different perspectives
?External perspective showing the system’s context or environment;
?Behavioural perspective showing the behaviour of the system;
?Structural perspective showing the system or data architecture.
*Two types of behavioural model are:
?Data flow models that show how data is processed as it moves through the system;
?State machine models that show the systems response to events.
Chapter 11 Architectural Design
*Architecture and system characteristics
-performance
?Localise critical operations and minimise communications. Use large rather than fine-grain components.
-security
?Use a layered architecture with critical assets in the inner layers.
-safety
?Localise safety-critical features in a small number of sub-systems.
-Availability
?Include redundant components and mechanisms for fault tolerance.
-Maintainability
?Use fine-grain, replaceable components, avoid data share
Chapter 12 Distributed Systems Architectures
*Distributed systems architectures
-Client-server architectures
?Distributed services which are called on by clients. Servers that provide services are treated differently from clients that use services.
-Distributed object architectures
?No distinction between clients and servers. Any object on the system may provide and use services from other objects.
*Middleware is usually off-the-shelf rather than specially written software.
*Layered application architecture
-Presentation layer
?Concerned with presenting the results of a computation to system users and with collecting user inputs.
-Application processing layer
?Concerned with providing application specific functionality e.g., in a banking system, banking functions such as open account, close
account, etc.
-Data management layer
?Concerned with managing the system databases.
*Thin and fat clients
-Thin-client model
?In a thin-client model, all of the application processing and data management is carried out on the server. The client is simply
responsible for running the presentation software.
-Fat-client model
?In this model, the server is only responsible for data management. The software on the client implements the application
logic and the interactions with the system user.
* Three-tier architectures
A 3-tier C/S architecture
*P2P architectural models
-Peer to peer architectures are decentralised architectures where there is no distinction between clients and servers.
-The logical network architecture
?Decentralised architectures;
?Semi-centralised architectures.
Decentralised p2p architecture
Semi-centralised p2p architecture
Chapter 13 Application architectures
*Important classes of application are data processing systems, transaction processing systems, event processing systems and language processing system.
*Data processing systems operate in batch mode and have an input-process-output structure.
Chapter 14 Object-oriented Design
*Objects and object classes
-Objects are entities in a software system which represent instances of real-world and system entities.
-Objects are members of classes that define attribute types and operations.
-Object classes are templates for objects. They may be used to create objects.
-Object classes may inherit attributes and services from other object classes.
*Use-case models are used to represent each interaction with the system.
Chapter 16 User interface design
*Human factors in interface design
-Limited short-term memory
?People can instantaneously remember about 7 items of information. If you present more than this, they are more liable to
make mistakes.
-People make mistakes
?When people make mistakes and systems go wrong, inappropriate alarms and messages can increase stress and hence the
likelihood of more mistakes.
-People are different
?People have a wide range of physical capabilities. Designers should not just design for their own capabilities.
-People have different interaction preferences
?Some like pictures, some like text.
*User interface design principles
*MVC approaches (Information presentation, pp.370)
Figure: the MVC model of user interaction
* How to design UI (Information presentation, pp. 375)
Figure **.1 An input text box used by a nurse
Figure **.2 system and user-oriented error messages
*The UI design process
-The 3 core activities in this process are:
?User analysis. Understand what the users will do with the system;
?System prototyping. Develop a series of prototypes for experiment;
?Interface evaluation. Experiment with these prototypes with users.
*Some evaluation of a user interface design should be carried out to assess its suitability.
Attribute Description
Learnability How long does it take a new user to become produc
the system?
Speed of operation How well does the system response match the use
practice?
Robustness How tolerant is the system of user error? Recoverability How good is the system at recovering from user erro Adaptability How closely is the system tied to a single model of w
四川大学软件工程硕士（MSE）上海班招生简章 （金融管理方向） 国家承认学位 自主命题、自主考试、自主划线、自主录取 四川大学是教育部直属全国重点大学，是国家“211工程”和“985工程”重点建设的大学。是由原四川大学、原成都科技大学、原华西医科大学三所全国重点大学于1994年4月和2000年9月两次“强强合并”组建而成。 四川大学软件学院是教育部、原国家计委批准的35所国家级示范性软件学院之一，成立于2001年12月，是为了适应我国经济结构战略性调整的要求和软件产业发展对人才的迫切需要而建立的，旨在支持国家“以信息化带动工业化”的战略部署，通过培养具有国际竞争力的高水平实用型、复合型软件人才，为我国软件产业发展带来新的推动力，实现我国软件产业跨越式发展。 四川大学群贤英才 百余年来，学校先后汇聚了历史学家顾颉刚、哲学家冯友兰、文学家李劼人、美学家朱光潜、物理学家吴大猷、生物学家童第周、植物学家方文培、卫生学家陈志潜、数学家柯召等大师。历史上，吴玉章、张澜曾执掌校务，共和国开国元勋朱德、共和国主席杨尚昆、文坛巨匠郭沫若和巴金、一代英烈江竹筠（江姐）和毛英才等都曾在川大求学。 一、培养目标 四川大学软件工程硕士（MSE）是面向国民经济信息化建设和发展需要、面向企事业单位对软件工程技术人才需求培养的高层次实用型、复合型软件工程技术和软件工程管理人才。 二、培养方案 三、报考条件 1、具有国民教育系列大学本科毕业学历且获得学士学位的人员（特别优秀的无学士
学位者可特殊考虑，不超过报考总人数的10%）。 2、原所学专业和毕业年限不限。 四、考试与录取 1、入学考试由四川大学自主命题和组织，着重考查考生的理论应用、实践能力以 及综合素质。 2、考试科目包括基础知识笔试和专业综合知识面试。基础知识笔试：高等数学、 英语、C语言设计与数据结构基础；专业综合知识面试。 3、录取由四川大学根据笔试和面试成绩综合评定，择优录取。 五、报名方法 身份证复印件、本科学历和学位证书复印件各1份，1寸照片1张，《考生报名资格审查表》。报名费200元，考试费320元。 六、培养期限及费用 1、课程学习实行学分制，学习年限为2~4年。但从入学到获得工程硕士学位的年 限不得超过4年。其中软件工程实践时间不少于1年。 2、学费：32000元，管理费（异地）4000元；书本资料费另计。 七、学习安排 1、考试时间：每年两次(上下半年各一次)。 2、开班时间：秋季班（通过上半年考试的学员）在当年9月开始上课。 春季班（通过下半年考试的学员）在第二年的3月开始上课。 注：历届参加考前辅导班的考生，通过率均在90%以上。 八、学位授予 按培养方案的要求通过课程考试取得规定的学分和通过学位论文（论文形式可以是工程项目技术报告、关键技术的研究论文等）答辩，经四川大学学位评定委员会批准，授予工程硕士（软件工程领域）专业学位，颁发国家统一印制的工程硕士学位证书。 九、咨询和联系方式 上海地区唯一授权合作单位：上海浦江商务专修学院 （办学许可证号：教民号，网址：） 报名地址：上海市普陀区中山北路3553号伸大厦7楼（华东师范大学正门北侧）交通路线：轨道3号线、4号线金沙江路站下，公交：67路、754路、69路、765路、829路、909路、224路华师大站下车。 咨询电话：或转招生办公室张老师 24小时咨询热线：
Data integration and make it become the strategic decision newswill be at technology trends after the post-ERP era of information. KDD Data Mining technology is the primary method in data analysis,the different characteristics will be analyzed between the ERP system and business intelligence BI system in this paper.the financial-cost analysis system KPI and material consumption analysisKPI will be developed by to using BI tools for implement base on the project of data integration of JinMaiLang drink company. For this project researched, more mainly to solve the relevant problems Of operation and management analysis KPI on the sales，financial，production and other departments. there is that data caliber not uniform, Workload arduous by hand-pooled for analysis, providing for report lag every end month,the decision information is not sensitive and low efficiency.this paper attempts through the development process to Illustrates principles and methods and technical characteristicsbase data integrationon ERP system and provide an idea of data analysis development for data mining. But also to explore thatbusiness intelligence BI would be used in the enterprise. This paper mainly to studies and use the following methods: https://www.doczj.com/doc/741385321.html,ing EPM tools, combing analysis KPI,to determine data source and data range throughanalyse the principle of the ERP system business 2/ Use the UF NC5.6 system UAP development platform, development data interface to achieve the source data makeup. used EAI data integration tools to achieve DRP system and NC system based unification on data. 3/Build datawarehouse,to finish data conversion through tools DI, complete data ETL process, to establish data warehouse DW and data memory area ODS. 4/Combined carded business indicators, analyze data relationships of relational database of ERP system,to identify dimension table and fact table and calculation index.
软件工程（双语）复习大纲（2013年） Intro ?The role of software, Software Engineering, Software Myths ? A Layered Technology：Tools, Methods, Process, Quality ?Process Framework: Umbrella activities, Framework Activity ?Software Process Model: Waterfall Model, Incremental Model, Evolutionary Models, Unified Process, Agile Process: eXtreme Programming Modeling ?Requirements Engineering: Inception, Elicitation, Elaboration , Negotiation, Specification , Validation, Requirements management ?Requirements Analyze: operational, interface, constraints; data, function, behavior ?Two Analysis model Methods: Structured Analysis, Object-Oriented Analysis ?Four Elements: Scenario-based elements, Class-based elements, Behavioral elements, Flow-oriented elements ?Diagram: Use case, Class, Sequence, State; ERD, DFD ?Design Principle: Abstraction, Architecture, Patterns, Modularity, Hiding, Functional independence, Refinement, Refactoring ?The Design Model: Data, Architectural, Interface, Component ?Data Design: Database, Data structure ?Architectural Styles: Data-centered, Data flow, Call and return, Object-oriented, Layered ?Structured Design: Transform flow, Transaction flow ?Basic Design Principles: Open-Closed，Liskov Substitution Principle，Dependency Inversion，Interface Segregation，Release Reuse Equivalency，Common Closure，Common Reuse ?Component Level Design Steps, Algorithm Design: A Structured Procedural Design，Decision Table，PDL ?User Interface Design: Golden Rules Quality ?Software Quality Concepts, Formal Technical Reviews, Software Quality Assurance ?Testing Strategy: Unit testing, Integration testing, Validation testing, System testing ?Test Case, Black Box: Basis Path Testing, Control Structure Testing, White Box: Equivalence Partitioning, Boundary Value Analysis ?Software Configuration Management: SCI, Baseline, Repository, SCM Process Managing ?Software Project Management 南京邮电大学计算机学院2013.6
课程关键术语中英文对照表 1、Software 软件 2、U ser 用户 3、s oftware engineering 软件工程 4、D ocument 文档 5、D ata 数据 6、S oftware Crisis 软件危机 7、S oftware Engineering 软件工程 8、M aintenance 维护 9、B ug 故障 10、Correctness 正确性 11、Reliability 可靠性 12、IDE 集成开发环境 13、Maintainability 可维护性 14、Reusability 可重用性 15、Traceability 可跟踪性 16、Portability 可移植性 17、Interoperability 互操作性 18、Efficiency 有效性 19、Abstract 抽象 20、Modularity 模块化 21、Information Hiding 信息隐藏
23、Consistency 一致 24、Completeness 完整 25、Verifiability 可验证 26、Software Lifecycle 软件生命周期 27、Feasibility Investigation 可行性分析 28、Requirement 需求 29、Requirement Analysis 需求分析 30、Software Delivery 软件发布 31、Prototype 原型 32、Software Requirement Specification (SRS) 软件需求规格说明书 33、Software Architecture 软件体系结构 34、software development 软件开发 35、unit testing 单元测试 36、Integration Test Plan 集成测试计划 37、Detailed Design 详细设计 38、Unit Test Plan 单元测试计划 39、Integration Test 集成测试 40、Integration Test Report 集成测试报告 41、Software Process 软件过程 42、Software Process Model 软件过程模型 43、Incremental Model 增量模型
软件工程领域专业学位硕士研究生培养方案 （代码： 085212 授工程硕士专业学位） 华中科技大学软件学院是经教育部批准（教高[2001]6号文）的首批35所国家示范性软件学院之一。华中科技大学软件学院坚持以需求为目标，面向产业、面向领域；坚持国际合作、校企共建；坚持质量第一，素质与技术并重、基础与实践统一；坚持办学模式、管理体制、课程体系、教学内容和教学方法的改革和创新；秉承“厚基础、强能力、重实践、求创新”的工程化办学理念；做到人才培养与社会需求的无缝接轨，使其成为培养高层次、复合型、国际化、工程型软件精英人才基地。 一、培养目标 1. 政治素质：热爱祖国，遵纪守法，具有良好职业道德和创业精神； 2. 业务技能：具有扎实的理论基础、宽广的专业知识、很强的动手能力；具备运用先进的方法、技术和工具从事软件设计、开发、维护工作能力；具有工程项目的组织与管理能力，以及团队协作和市场开拓的能力； 3. 外语水平：具备良好阅读、理解、撰写外文资料和进行国际交流的能力。
二、主要研究方向 1.软件工程理论与方法； 2.IT项目管理； 3.软件测试与质量工程； 4.嵌入式系统与应用； 5.数据库系统与应用； 6.网络与信息安全技术； 7.数字化技术与领域工程；8.图形图像处理； 9.数字媒体技术。 三、学习年限与培养方式 软件工程领域工程硕士培养方式采用系统的课程学习和工程实践相结合的培养方式。课程学习实行学分制；软件工程实践要求学生直接参与软件企业或软件工程项目的实际开发过程，完成必要的技术方案设计、软件开发、项目管理等工作，并在所取得的工程实践成果的基础上完成硕士学位论文的工作。 学院聘请具有丰富实践和教学指导经验的企业资深技术或管理人员参与课程教学，并对学生的软件工程实践进行联合指导。加强双语教学的力度，包括直接采用英文原版教材，培养学生国际竞争的能力。 学习年限为2.5年，其中从事软件工程实践的时间一般不得少于1年。 四、学分要求与分配 总学分要求≥40学分，其中学位课学分要求≥26学分，研究
软件工程硕士个人简历范文 基本信息 姓名： 性别：男 年龄：26岁 婚姻状况：未婚 最高学历：本科 工作年限：5年 政治面貌：共青团员 现居城市：武汉 籍贯：武汉 联系电话： 电子邮箱：@.com 求职意向 工作类型：全职 期望薪资：面议
工作地点：武汉 求职行业：金融保险、证券、期货 求职职位：信贷管理/资信评估客户经理 工作经历 2011-02 - 农村信用合作联社客户经理 工作描述：主要从事存款揽储、拓展客户、发掘有潜力优质客户，受理调查小额农户贷款、抵押贷款以及保证、联保贷款，清收不良贷款，同时积极营销银行理财产品，营销手机银行、网上银行等工作。 2009-08 - 2010-05 科技有限公司硬件工程师助理 工作描述：主要协助工作，运用C 语言、C++语言负责对硬件编程。 教育经历 2013-09 - 武汉大学在职研究生软件工程硕士 专业描述：金融信息系统、网络
金融、计算机软件、会计学原理、经济学原理、银行会计等相关课程。 2005-09 - 2009-07 武汉大学电子信息科学与技术本科 专业描述：数字电子技术、模拟电子技术、汇编语言、微机原理、计算机网络、计算机原理、单片机原理、统计学原理等相关课程。 培训经历 2010-06-2011-01 农村信用合作联社岗前培训 培训描述：农信社商学院岗前培训学习，学习了基础会计、银行会计、小额农贷、金融学、经济学等相关的课程。 获得证书 2011-11 反假币资格证书 2006-11 计算机二级 2007-06 英语4级 自我评价 我是一个有积极乐观心态的人，善于交流，遇到问题、生活上的琐事时善
Chapter 1 An Introduction to Software Engineering *What is software? -Computer programs and associated documentation and Data -Two fundamental types of software product: generic products and customized products *What is software engineering? -Software engineering is an engineering discipline which is concerned with all aspects of software production *What is the difference between software engineering and computer science? -Computer science is concerned with theory and fundamentals; -software engineering is concerned with the practicalities of developing and delivering useful software *What is a software process? -A set of activities whose goal is the development or evolution of software -Generic activities in all software processes are: ?Specification 、Development 、Validation 、Evolution Chapter 4 Software Process *Software process -Software processes are the activities involved in producing and evolving a software system. -A structured set of activities required to develop a software system:specification;designand implementation;validation;evolution. -General process activities are specification, design and implementation, validation and evolution. *Software process models -Software process models are abstract representations of these processes. -Generic process models describe the organisation of software processes. Examples include the waterfall model, evolutionary development and component-based software engineering.
Lecture 1 An Introduction to Software Engineering 1 what does software engineering concern? 1) Software engineering is concerned with theories, methods and tools for professional software development. 2) Software engineering is concerned with cost-effective software development. 2 What is software? Software includes: ①computer programs ②data structures ③documents 3 What is the two types of software products Generic software(通用软件) and custom software（定制软件） 4 The three key elements of a successful software project are: on time, within budget, satisfies the user’s needs 5 Generic activities in all software processes are: Specification（描述）, Development（开发）, Validation（有效性验证）, Evolution （进化） 6 The attributes of good software include: Maintainability（可维护性）, Dependability（可依赖性）, Efficiency（有效性）, Acceptability（可接受性）
软件工程硕士全程介绍慎重选择是否报考 报考软件工程硕士有学历背景和知识背景，即学位证书和考试成绩两方面的要求。 ___规定，报考攻读软件工程硕士学位的考生要具有学士学位或具有国民教育系列大学本科毕业学力，应届本科毕业生和在职工作人员都可以参加，原所学专业和年龄也不受限制。但是，这并不意味着只要具有本科学士学位就可以读软件工程硕士。北京大学、北京工业大学等高校还面向非计算机专业的学生开设了软件工程的第二学位课程。这些学生的目标是将软件工程方面的技术知识应用到原专业中，因此学习的深度比较低，以基础课程为主，录取条件也低于硕士的要求。 入门门槛并不低 根据规定，报考攻读软件工程硕士学位需要参加入学考试。考试包括全国联考和各高校的软件学院自行组织的考试两部分。考试科目为外语、数学（甲）、专业基础和专业综合。 其中外语和数学实行全国联考，在每年1月和10月各举行一次。专业基础和专业综合考试由各培养单位自行组织，考试科目包括数据结构、数据库、软件工程等。重点是考核考生对计算机专业基础知识，特别是计算机软件与信息技术领域的专业知识的掌握程度，以及解决软件工程实际问题的能力。北京工业大学软件学院的田老
师说，非计算机相关专业的学生想要掌握这部分的知识需要付出相当努力。 另外，各学校采用的考试方式也各不相同。北京大学要求，报考xx年软件工程硕士的应届毕业生要参加xx年1月中旬的全国研究生入学统一考试，作为初试成绩，另外还要参加学校的复试（包括笔试、口试）。 同等学力考生如获得复试资格，要加试两门大学主干课程。而北京邮电大学规定，数学、外语两门课程参加全国学位与研究生教育发展中心统一组织的联考，专业基础和专业综合的考试由学校自行命题和组织面试，择优录取。参考书目也由各学校决定。 培养方式自由灵活 软件工程硕士的培养方式与传统的硕士课程有很大不同。它采取了学分制这种相对灵活的学制。根据学员情况的不同采用脱产和全日两种方式，课程分为补修、必修、选修、实际操作等部分。 根据不同的专业方向选择不同的课程，以北京邮电大学为例，学习的内容包括小组软件开发过程、软件工程过程改进、协议工程与通信软件、软件开发项目管理、软件测试技术、网络软件设计、现
2008-2009（1）Examination Paper of ”Software Engineering” I．Multiple-Choice Test (2’×15) 1. If a system is being developed where the customers are not sure of what they want, the requirements are often poorly defined. Which of the following would be an appropriate process model for this type of development? ( ) A. prototyping B. waterfall C. V-model D. spiral 2.Which of the following is wrong about reasons of software failure? ( ) A. wrong or missing requirement specification B. requirement impossible to implement C．The programmer can not understand the specification very well. D．The program design may contain a fault. 3. Which of the following is not an objective of software testing? A. Testing is a process of executing a program for finding an error B. A successful test is one that uncovers an as-yet-undiscovered error C. A good test case is one that has a high probability of finding an as-yet-undiscovered error D. Testing can show the absence of errors and defects. 4. Which of the following is wrong? ( ) A. Multiple errors can result in one bug. B. One error can result in one bug. C. One bug can have one or more failures. D. Multiple bugs can lead to one or multiple failures. 5.( ) is to determine if the function are actually performed. The functions are described by the requirements specification. A. Unit testing B. Integration testing C. Function testing D. Performance testing
中英文对照外文翻译 (文档含英文原文和中文翻译) Application Fundamentals Android applications are written in the Java programming language. The compiled Java code — along with any data and resource files required by the application — is bundled by the aapt tool into an Android package, an archive file marked by an .apk suffix. This file is the vehicle for distributing the application and installing it on mobile devices; it's the file users download to their devices. All the code in a single .apk file is considered to be one application. In many ways, each Android application lives in its own world: 1. By default, every application runs in its own Linux process. Android starts the process when any of the application's code needs to be executed, and shuts down the process when it's no longer needed and system resources are required by other applications. 2. Each process has its own virtual machine (VM), so application code runs in isolation from the code of all other applications. 3. By default, each application is assigned a unique Linux user ID. Permissions are set so that the application's files are visible only to that user and only to the application itself — although there are ways to export them to other applications as well. It's possible to arrange for two applications to share the same user ID, in which case they will be able to see each other's files. To conserve system resources, applications with the same ID can also arrange to run in the same Linux process, sharing the same
2017人大软件工程硕士考研学费多少钱 凯程人大软件工程硕士考研老师给大家一些学费意见，希望广大考生可作为参考，总结经验。同时本文也介绍人大软件工程硕士考研难度，人大软件工程硕士考研就业，人大软件工程硕士考研辅导，人大软件工程硕士考研参考书，人大软件工程硕士考研专业课五大方面的问题。凯程就是王牌的人大考研机构！ 一、人大软件工程硕士学费介绍 人大软件工程硕士学费总额4万元，学制2年。 软件工程硕士专业学位分为以下几个培养方向： 基础软件方向 金融信息工程方向 计算机取证与司法鉴定方向 企业信息化与电子政务方向 大数据与云计算方向 其考试科目是一样的： 101-思想政治理论（满分100分） 204-英语二（满分100分） 302-数学二（满分150分） 408-计算机学科专业基础综合（满分150分） 二、人大软件工程硕士考研难不难，跨专业的学生多不多? 最近几年软件工程硕士考研很火，特别是人大这样的名校。2015年人大软件工程硕士研究生计划招收30人（含20人推免），相对来说招生人数还是比较多的，跨专业考生是可以报考的。在考研复试的时候，老师更看重跨专业学生的能力，而不是本科背景。其次，考试科目里，计算机专业基础本身知识点难度并不大，跨专业的学生完全能够学得懂。即使本科学计算机的同学，专业课也不见得比你强多少（大学学的内容本身就非常浅）。所以记住重要的不是你之前学得如何，而是从决定考研起就要抓紧时间完成自己的计划，下定决心，就全身心投入，要相信付出总会有回报。在凯程辅导班里很多这样三凯程生，都考的不错，主要是看你努力与否。 三、人大软件工程硕士就业怎么样？ 作为名牌院校的中国人民大学，本身的学术氛围好，有良好的师资力量，人脉资源也不错，出国机会也不少，硕士毕业生社会认可度高，自然就业就没有问题。2014年中国人民大学硕士毕业生就业率高达99.15%，就业率居于全国同类专业院校的首位。 人大软件工程硕士研究生毕业后主要到计算机软件专业公司﹑信息咨询公司﹑以及金融等其它独资、合资企业工作。 就业岗位：软件工程师、项目经理、软件开发工程师、高级软件工程师、java软件工程师、软件测试工程师、嵌入式软件工程师、.net软件工程师、java开发工程师、java软件开发工程师、android开发工程师、java高级软件工程师、等。 四、人大软件工程硕士考研辅导班有哪些？
2011~2012学年第二学期期末考试《软件工程（双语）》复习范围 注意事项： 每个学生必须写上本人的学号、任课教师姓名、姓名、班级，另外所有的答案必须全部写在答卷纸上请不要写的试卷上,试题及答卷一同交上。 Part 1 Select the most appropriate choice to answer the following questions or to complete following statements. (1*15 =15 ) 1．. Which one of following statement about Client-server architecture is not correct? c a)Set of stand-alone servers which provide specific services such as printing, data management, etc. b)Set of clients which call on these services. c)Most of the data is stored in the most important server. d)Network which allows clients to access servers. . 2. . Several techniques of Requirements discovery are covered in this book. Which one is not the case? a a)Model-driven engineering b)Scenarios c)Interviewing d)Ethnography Part 2 Mark the right statement √, the wrong statement×(1*15=15) 1.In the software architecture design,using large-grain components improves performance and maintainability. 2.According Lehman and Belady's ‘laws’ , A program that is used in a real-world environment must necessarily change, or else become progressively less useful in that environment. Part 3 Fill the blankets: (1*15=15) 1.the attributes of good software are are Maintainability , Dependability,
Part 1 Overview Chapter 1 Introduction 1.1 FAQs about software engineering 1.2 Professional and ethical responsibility Chapter 2 Socio-technical systems 2.1 Emergent system properties 2.2 Systems engineering 2.3 Organisations, people and computer systems 2.4 legacy systems Chapter 3 Critical systems 3.1 A simple safety-critical system 46 3.2 System dependability 47 3.3 Availability and reliability 51 3.4 Safety 55 3.5 Security 58 Chapter 4 Software processes 4.1 Software process models 65 4.2 Process iteration 71 4.3 Process activities 74 4.4 The Rational Unified Process 82 4.5 Computer-Aided Software Engineering 85 Chapter 5 Project management 92 5.1 Management activities 94 5.2 Project planning 96 5.3 Project scheduling 99 5.4 Risk management 104 Requirements Chapter 6 Software requirements 6.1 Functional and non-functional requirements 6.2 User requirements 6.3 System requirements 6.4 Interface specification 6.5 The software requirements document Chapter 7 Requirements engineering processes 7.1 Feasibility studies 7.2 Requirements elicitation and analysis 7.3 Requirements validation 7.4 Requirements management Chapter 8 System models 8.1 Context models 8.2 Behavioural models 8.3 Data models 8.4 Object models 8.5 Structured methods Chapter 9 Critical systems specification 9.1 Risk-driven specification 9.2 Safety specification 9.3 Security specification 9.4 Software reliability specification Chapter 10 Formal specification 10.1 Formal specification in the software process 10.2 Sub-system interface specification 10.3 Behavioural specification Part 3 Design Chapter 11 Architectural design 11.1 Architectural design decisions 11.2 System organisation 11.3 Modular decomposition styles 11.4 Control styles 11.5 Reference architectures Chapter 12 Distributed systems architectures 12.1 Multiprocessor architectures 12.2 Client-server architectures 12.3 Distributed object architectures 12.4 Inter-organisational distributed computing Chapter 13 Application architectures 13.1 Data processing systems 13.2 Transaction processing systems 13.3 Event processing systems 13.4 Language processing systems Chapter 14 Object-oriented design 14.1 Objects and object classes 14.2 An object-oriented design process 14.3 Design evolution Key Points Further Reading Exercises Chapter 15 Real-time software design