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1明喻(simile)明喻是用来表达两种不同事物之间的相似关系,一般用like或as连接。
如:(1) O my luve is like a red,red roseThat’s newly sprung in June,O my luve is like a melodyThat’s sweetly played in tune.(Robert Burns)(2) The young hunter was as strong as a lion and as keen-eycd as an eagle.类似as…as的用法很普遍,有的成了习惯用语,如:as timid as a mouseas white as snowas black as pitchas busy as a beeEg.The man can't be trusted. He is as slippery as an eel. 那个人不可信赖。
他像鳗鱼一样狡猾。
He jumped as if he had been stung.他像被蜇了似的跳了起来。
Childhood is like a swiftly passing dream. 童年就像一场疾逝的梦。
1>.He was like a cock who thought the sun had risen to hear him crow.2>.I wandered lonely as a cloud.3>.Einstein only had a blanket on, as if he had just walked out of a fairy tale.2暗喻(metaphor)又称隐喻,暗喻的结构不同于明喻,没有as或like之类的比较关系词,它是隐含的比较。
英语词义通过暗喻方式可以产生转义:When the curtain fell,there was a storm of applause.He was so angry that he stormed about the house.暗喻多用to be结构来联系相比较的两个不同事物的:The society was his college.The guest is God of us.He is one of the dogs of the rich.Children are flowers of the motherland.Eg.He has a heart of stone. 他有一颗铁石心肠。
英语修辞parody的英文定义1. 概述介绍parody是何种修辞手法，以及其在英语修辞学中的重要性和应用范围。
2. 定义在英语修辞学中，parody指的是通过模仿、夸张或变形的方式，对某一文学作品、艺术作品或文化现象进行一种戏仿或嘲讽性的重新创作。
通常，parody会对原作进行夸张、颠倒、变形，以达到一种幽默、讽刺或漫画的效果。
3. 特点- 通过对原作的改编、模仿或夸张，parody常常带有滑稽、讽刺或戏谑的特点。
- 它是一种艺术创作手法，旨在通过对原作的戏仿或重新创作，表达对原作的态度或观点。
- 通常以一种嘲讽或滑稽的方式，对原作进行变形和加工，从而达到吸引读者或观众的目的。
4. 应用范围- 文学作品：在文学作品中，parody常常通过对名著或经典作品的模仿和夸张，来进行艺术创作和表达。
- 艺术作品：在艺术领域，parody可以通过对知名作品的模仿和改编，来进行艺术创作或表达艺术家的观点和态度。
- 影视作品：在电影或电视剧中，parody常常通过对知名影视作品的模仿和夸张，来进行喜剧创作或娱乐表达。
5. 示例- 文学作品：《傲慢与偏见与僵尸》（Pride and Prejudice and Zombies）是对简·奥斯汀的经典小说《傲慢与偏见》进行了parody，将原作的爱情故事与僵尸题材相结合，以幽默的方式重新诠释了经典作品。
- 艺术作品：美国艺术家杰夫·库恩（Jeff Koons）的作品《银背与少女》（Silverback Gorilla and Woman）是对古罗马雕塑《拉奥孔与库皮德的战争》的parody，通过模仿和变形来表达对古典艺术的一种反讽和重新诠释。
- 影视作品：《权力的游戏》中经常出现的parody剧集《低俗小说》（South Park）以对知名影视作品和文化现象的模仿、夸张和讽刺，来进行喜剧创作和娱乐表达。
6. 结论通过parody这种艺术创作手法，可以对原作进行一种有趣、讽刺或滑稽的重新诠释，从而达到吸引读者或观众的目的。
精心整理高考复习（精品）：英语修辞和英语修辞学例子修辞格（FiguresofSpeech）英语修辞学分为广义修辞学（BroadStylisticContext）和狭义修辞学。
广义修辞学涉及语体和体裁（StyleandTypeofWriting）等问题。
狭义修辞学（NarrowStylisticContext）主要涉及各种修辞手法，即修辞格（StylisticDevices,RhetoricalDevicesorFiguresofSpeech）的问题。
英语常用修辞格分为词义上的修辞格（（SyntacticStylisticDevices（红色为10级讲过Simile一词源于拉丁语Similis，意为like借助比喻词（如like，as的运用（一）Simile的构成Simile通常由三部分构成：本体（（comparativeword）。
如：Myloveislikearedredrose.①②).[Simile]John和hisfather同类，例②是明喻，因为本体和喻体不同类。
（二）1.like+likeEg.Heworkslikeanox.(实意动词+like)2.as型：①as……as②as……soEg.Asthelionisthekingofbeasts,soistheeaglekingofbirds.鹰为百鸟之王，犹如狮是百兽之王。
3.虚拟句型：①asif②asthoughEg.HewasabeautifulhorsethatlookedasthoughhehadcomeoutofapaintingbyVelasquez.这匹马真骏，看起来仿佛是从一幅维拉斯奎茨的油画里跑出来的一样。
4.what型：①AistoBwhatXistoY②whatXisY,AistoB③whatAcallsB,XcallsYEg.Readingistothemindwhatexerciseistothebody.阅读之于思想，如同锻炼之于身体。
英语修辞学
英语修辞学，作为一门语言学研究，是研究英语中构词、词类和句法结构，以及它们之间的关系的学科。
它关注汉语中的句子，例子说明句子的构成成分及其内在的互动关系。
此外，它还关注修辞结构，如形象、措辞、修饰等，以及英语表达方式的特点及其情感影响等方面，其目的是让英语成为一种有效、有趣、有影响力的语言。
英语修辞学可以从几个不同的角度进行分析：词汇、句法和修辞学。
词汇：词汇是英语中最简单的部分，但也是最重要的部分，即分析出词汇的含义，以及它们之间的互动关系。
从词汇上看，英语修辞学就是研究词汇的含义，以及它们之间的关系，从而使读者更好地理解文本的内容。
句法：句法是汉语中的句子的构成结构，它使用不同的句子结构来表达语言的含义。
英语修辞学从句法的角度分析，例子说明句子的构成成分及其内在的互动关系。
修辞学：修辞学是英语中的构成结构，它使用形象、措辞、修饰等，以及英语表达方式的特点及其情感影响等方面，使英语成为一种有效、有趣、有影响力的语言。
英语修辞学不仅能够帮助更好地理解文本内容，而且可以弥补汉语在表达方面的不足，并使其更具有感染力和表现力。
除了从词汇、句法和修辞学的角度分析外，英语修辞学还可以从四种观点进行解读：符号论观点、文体论观点、概念论观点和阐释性
论观点。
综上所述，英语修辞学主要包括词汇、句法和修辞学三个方面，以及符号论、文体论、概念论和阐释性论四种观点。
它不仅可以帮助人们理解文本内容，同时也可以提高他们的表达能力。
正是由于英语修辞学的发展，使英语成为一种更加准确、有效、有趣的语言。
英语修辞手法1) Simile：(明喻）It is a figure of speech which makes a comparison between two unlike elements having at least one quality or characteristic (特性)in common. To make the comparison, words like as, as...as, as if and like are used to transfer the quality we associate with one to the other. For example, As cold waters to a thirsty soul, so is good news from a far country./ This elephant is like a snake as anybody can see.2) Metaphor：(暗喻）It is like a simile, also makes a comparison between two unlike elements, but unlike a simile, this comparison is implied rather than stated. For example, the world is a stage./ The diamond department was the heart and center of the store.3) Analogy: (类比）It is also a form of comparison, but unlike simile or metaphor which usually uses comparison on one point of resemblance, analogy draws a parallel between two unlike things that have several common qualities or points of resemblance.4) Personification: (拟人）It gives human form of feelings to animals, or life and personal attributes(赋予) to inanimate(无生命的) objects, or to ideas and abstractions(抽象). For example, the wind whistled through the trees.5) Hyperbole: (夸张）It is the deliberate use of overstatement or exaggeration to achieve emphasis. For instance, he almost died laughing.6) Understatement: (含蓄陈述）It is the opposite of hyperbole, or overstatement. It achieves its effect of emphasizing a fact by deliberately(故意地) understating it, impressing the listener or the reader more by what is merely implied or left unsaid than by bare statement. For instance, It is no laughing matter.7) Euphemism: (委婉）It is the substitution of an agreeable or inoffensive(无冒犯) expression for one that may offend or suggest something unpleasant. For instance, we refer to "die" as” pass away".8) Metonymy (转喻）It is a figure of speech that has to do with the substitution of the mane of one thing for that of another. For instance, the pen (words) is mightier than the sword (forces). 借代（metonymy）是指两种不同事物并不相似，但又密不可分，因而常用其中一种事物名称代替另一种。
英语修辞学知识要点Chapter 1 Syntactic Devices1. Long and Short Sentences 长句和短句2. The Simple Sentence 简单句3. The Compound Sentence 复合句4. The Complex Sentence 复杂句5. Simple,Compound and Complex Sentences简单句、复合句和复杂句6. Branching Sentences 分支句（松散句和圆周句）7.The Active and the Passive Voiced Sentences 主动句和被动句8. Syntactic Schemes of Balance平衡句｛排比句(parallelism)；对偶句(antithesis)；逆转反复句(chiasmus)｝9. Syntactic Schemes of Inversion倒装句10. Syntactic Schemes of Omission 句子的省略｛省略句(ellipsis)；局部省略句(fragmentary elliptical sentence)；连词省略/散珠(asyndeton)；跳脱(aposiopesis)｝11. Syntactic Schemes of Addition or Insertion 添加句｛连词叠用(polysyndeton)；修正法/换语(epanorthosis)；注释法(exegesis)；扩充法(exergasis) ；并列法(apposition) ；插入法(parenthesis)｝12.Syntactic Schemes of Repetition 反复句｛二项式(binomials)；三项式(trinomials)；多项式(catalogues)；首语重复(syntactic anaphora)；尾语重复(syntactic epiphorea)；首尾语重复(syntactic framing)｝13. Syntactic Schemes of Climax and Anti-climax 层进和突降14. Rhetorcal Question 修辞问句15. Apodioxis 断然拒绝16. Apostrophe 顿呼17. Syntactic Schemes with "it" it句18. Existential Sentences 存在句Chapter 2 Lexical Devices1.Lexical optionsShort words or long words 长短词Common words or learned words 普通词和书面词Formal,informal or colloquial words 正式词、非正式词和口语词General or specific words 一般词和特殊词Concrete or abstract words 具体词和抽象词Referential or emotive words 指称词和情感词Choice between synonymous words 近义词的选择2.choice of abbreviationsAcronyms 首字母缩略词ClippingsBlends 混合词3.Lexical repetitionImmediate repetition连接反复Lexical anaphora 首语反复Lexical epistrophe 尾语反复Symploce首尾语反复Anadiplosis链形反复distant or intermitten repetition间隔反复root repetition 词根反复ploce换义反复Chapter 3 Phonetic Devices and Prose Rhythm 1. Phonetic Devices语音词格Alliteration头韵Assonance元韵Consonance 辅韵Homeoteleuton谐缀格Onomatopoeia拟声Combined use of Phonetic Devices2. Prose Rhythm散文节奏Stress重音Pitch语调Pause and tempo停顿和语速Chapter 4 Figures of Speech1.Simile明喻2.Metaphor暗喻3.Analogy类比4.Personification\physicalification拟人\拟物5.Metonymy借代6.Synecdoche提喻7.Antonomasia换称8.Syllepsis一笔双叙9.Zeugma轭式搭配10.Paradox隽语11.Oxymoron矛盾修饰法12.Hyperbole夸张13.Understatement低调陈述14.Euphemism委婉语15.Irony反语16.Innuendo讥讽17.Sarcasm讽刺18.Transferred Epithet 移就19.Pun双关（antanaclasis语音双关；paronomasia语义双关)20.Epigram警句21.synesthesia通感22.palindrome 回文Chapter 5 Allusions典故的来源和改引。
英语修辞学事先声明，此贴转自百度贴吧，具体地方忘记了，是好久以前存在电脑里的。
有人问到修辞，所以贴一下，大家都来学习一下。
1. 比喻 (metaphor)比喻就是打比方。
可分为明喻和暗喻:A. 明喻 (simile):A figure of speech in which two essentially unlike things arecompared.明喻:一种修辞手法，把两种基本不相像的东西进行比较.用like, as, as...as, as if(though) 或用其他词语指出两个不同事物的相似之处。
例如:“How like the winter hath my absence been” or “So are you(Shakespeare). to my thoughts as food to life”“我的离开好象是冬天来临” 或“你对我的思想就象食物对于生命一样重要” (莎士比亚)O my love's like a red, red rose. 我的爱人像一朵红红的玫瑰花。
The man can't be trusted. He is as slippery as an eel. 那个人不可信赖。
他像鳗鱼一样狡猾。
He jumped as if he had been stung.他像被蜇了似的跳了起来。
Childhood is like a swiftly passing dream. 童年就像一场疾逝的梦。
B. 暗喻 (metaphor): 缩写 met.， metaph.A figure of speech in which a word or phrase that ordinarilydesignates one thing is used to designate another, thus making an implicitcomparison.用一个词来指代与该词所指事物有相似特点的另外一个事物。
英语修辞学
Ⅰ. Phonetic figure of speech 语音修辞
1.Alliteration 押头韵
Bread not bombs.
Cut crimes with jobs not jails.
Time and tide waits for no man.
2.Assonance 押元音
Let us help you extend yourself.
Could anything ever replace the taste of old grape and apple juice.
Haste makes waste.
Spend dime save your time.
3.Consonance
Women don’t angonize,organize.
Farms not arms.
4.Aposiopesis 中间间断法
Another step forward,you will…
5.Pun 双关
To England I will steal,and there I’ll steal.
If we don’t hang together,we hang separately.
On Sunday they pray for you,on Monday they prey on you.
You earn your living.You urn your dead.
Ⅱ.Syntactic figure of speech 句法修辞
1. Repetition 重复
There is no,no,no,life.
2. Anaphora 句首重复
I want to know,I want to know who is the girl.
3.Epiphora 句尾重复
Reading makes a full man,conference a ready man and writing an exact man.
4.Simploce 首尾重复
Those who are toil to death,those who are worried to death,those who are bored to death.
5.Parallelism 平行结构
It was not anger,nor surprise,nor disapproval,nor horror,nor any of emotions that she has been prepared for.
Kind hearts are the gardens,kind thoughts are the roots,kind words are the flowers,kind deeds are the fruits.
6.Antithesis 对照
It was the season of light,it was the season of darkness;it was the spring of hope,it was the winter of despair.
When poverty comes in at the door,love flies out of at the window.
7.Climax 高潮
I came，I saw, I conquer.
I was born American,I live American,I shall die American.
8.Anticlimax 反高潮突降法
Where shall I find hope,happiness,friends,cigarette,burp.
9.Syllepsis 一语双叙
He lost his coat and temper.
She opened the door and her heart to the homeless child.
10.Zeugma 轭式修饰法
To make flying more comfortable,we want to great lenghths and great widths.
11.Chiasmus 交错排列法
One should eat to live not live to eat.
For my thoughts are not your thoughts,neither are your wise are my wise.
12.Rhetorical question 反问
If winter comes,can sping be far behind?
Ⅲ.Semantic figure of speech 语意修辞
1. Simile 明喻
As cool as cucumber (泰然自若)
Like a hen on the griddle
What A is to B,C is to D.
A fool can no more see his own folly than he can see his ears.
Love and cough can not be hid.
2. Metaphor 暗喻
The world is a stage.
All the world’s a stage,and all the men and women merely players.
Money is a bottomless sea,in which honour,conscience and truth may be drowed.
Some books are to be tasted,others to be swallowed,and some few to be chewed and digested.
Books are the ever-burning lamps and wisdom.
3.Personification 拟人
Australia is so kind,just trickle her with a hoe and she laughs with a harvest.
Laziness travels so slowly.
4.Metonymy 转喻
To read a Shakespeare or a Mark Twain is to eat a food full of protein.
Without sweat,without bread.
A hundred bayonet were marching.
5.Synecdoche 提喻
The farm is short of hands.
There are hundreds of sails in the harbor.
The prisoner is in irons.
The poor man had six mouths to feed.
China beat Japan at volleyball.
6.Euphemism 委婉语
His wife is expecting another child.
7.Parody 仿写
I had no outlook but an uplook rather.My place in society was at bottom.
8.Synesthesia 共感
The rooms on the first floor are cold color.
9.Transfered epithet 移就
I speak to him in hesitant French.
A sleepless night
A happy day
Ⅳ.Logical figure of speech 逻辑修辞
1. Allusion 引喻
He met his Waterloo in 1940s.
2. Hyperbole 夸张
I was destroyed fatigue.
3.Irony 讽刺
We’re luck it’s the other side on the 13th of December.That makes us feel real good.
For instance the nuns who never take a bath without a bathrobe all the time,when asked why,since no man can see them they reply“Oh,but you forget the good God.”
4.Oxymoron 矛盾修饰
Bitter sweat
Victorious defeat
True lie
Loyal deceit
Tearful joy
5.Paradox 自相矛盾
A strong man knows his weakness.
6.Overstatement 高调论述
Bob loves running risks,and he once dived from the overhanging cliff ,often thousand feet high into the sea.
7.Understatement 低调论述
He is no fool.
That civil servant was not without ambition.。
