中考英语语法知识点归纳之复合句讲解

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中考英语语法知识点归纳之复合句(含练习和解析)一、宾语从句含义:在句中担当宾语的从句叫宾语从句.1.引导词:1)宾语从句中陈述句的引导词用that(可省略),例如He tells me that he is going shopping this Sunday.2)引导一般疑问句用if\whether,例如She asked me if\whether she could join us. 但是以下情况只能用whether,例如①当后面加带to的不定式时She doesn’t know whether to go to the zoo. ②与or not连用时,I‘m not sure whether or not he will come on time.3)引导特殊疑问句,要用原来的特殊疑问词,且引导词要在句中充当对应的成分,不能省略,例如She asked them what they were doing.2.语序:引导词+陈述句语序。

例如:I want to know when the train left.3.时态:1)主句为一般现在时,一般将来时或祈使句,宾语从句可根据实际需要选择各种时态。

如:He tells us that he has been able to look after himself.2)主句为一般过去时,宾语从句应使用过去时的相应时态。

如:They said that they had already finished the work.3)如果宾语从句叙述的是客观事实,真理,自然现象等,不管主句用什么时态,从句都用一般现在时。

4.否定转移:当主句的主语为第一人称时,从句的否定要转移到主句中,其反义疑问句要与从句一致。

例如:I don’t think they will wait to the last minute.I don’t believe he did this, did he?宾语从句练习题1.-Hello, Jack. Haven't, seen you for long. I am calling to check _________ you are.- Very well. I'm glad you called.A. howB. what C .where D. who答案:选A,依句意是问候how are you2. - Can you guess _________the new Nike sports shoes?-Yes. Maybe he asked his grandpa to pay for them, I think.A. how he paid forB. where lie boughtC. when he paid forD. why he bought答案:选A,依句意是问新鞋子如何付款,所以用how pay3. - Can you tell me _______?- He is in the library.A, where was Jack B. where Jack wasC, where is Jack D. where Jack is答案:选D,时态与回答一致,一般现在时,且宾语从句语序为陈述语序4.-Can you tell me ________?- With Lucy's help.A. when you did it so wellB. when did you do it so wellC. how you did it so wellD. how did you do it so well答案:选C,,依句意是问方式,所以要用how, 且宾语从句语序为陈述语序5. - Could you tell me ________?- Of course.A. where's there a good place to eatB. where there's a good place to eatC. where is a good place to eatD. where a good place to eat答案:选B,宾语从句语序为陈述语序6. - Excuse me. could you tell me ______?-In the supermarket.A. where 1 can buy this kind of CD playerB. where can I buy this kind of CD playerC. if I can buy this kind of CD playerD. if can I buy this kind of CD player 答案:选A,句意为问在哪里买,要用where,且宾语从句语序为陈述语序7.The math problem is so hard. I really don't know_____.A. how to do itB. how to doC. what to do it答案:选A,句意为不知道如何做这道题,,用how。

8. These animals are in danger. We should think ________ to protect them.A. what can we doB. what we can doC. how can we doD. how we can do答案:选B,句意为我们要做些事情来保护这些动物,正确语序为we can do what to ...9. -Have you got any idea for the summer vacation?-I don't mind . It will be OK if there is sun, sea and beach.A. where do we goB. where we goC. when we go答案:选B,回答”有太阳,海洋和沙滩的话会很好”,所以是问地点,宾语从句后面用陈述句。

10.Have you decided ________for Australia?A. when will you leaveB. when do you leaveC.you will leave whenD. when you will leave答案:选D,宾语从句是引导词+陈述句。

11.I think _______ you will like him.A. thatB. ifC. whyD. how答案:选A,这里是肯定句,think后接that表示“认为”12.I didn’t know _______ he will come or not.A.thatB. whetherC. weatherD. how答案:选B,固定结构“whether or not”注意B和C的区别,C表示天气13.I wonder _________ .A. how much cost these shoesB. how much do these shoes costC.how much these shoes costD. how much are these shoes cost答案:选C,宾语从句后接陈述句语序14.She asked me _________ .A.who he wasB. who was heC. who is heD. who he is答案:选A,考察时态,当主句为一般过去时,从句为过去的某种时态15.The doctor asked me how long ________ .A.was I illB. have I been illC. I have been illD. I had been ill答案:选D,考察时态,当主句为一般过去时,从句为过去的某种时态二、定语从句含义:在复合句中,修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。

1.先行词:被定语从句修饰的名词或代词。

如:The girl who is beautiful is Kate.(句子主句是The girl is Kate,绿色部分就是定语从句,用来修饰girl,所以girl就是先行词,)2.关系词:引导定语从句且在定语从句中充当句子成分的词。

如上述句子中的who就是关系词。

一般有关系代词和关系副词。

1)关系代词:先行词指人或物时,关系代词一般有who, whom, whose, which, that。

The teacher who is standing there is my brother. (指人,作主语)He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday. (指人,作宾语)The insect which scared her was dangerous. (指物,作主语)The little girl whose mother is a nurse cries. (指人,作定语)The bread whose price is very high tastes great. (指物,作主语)2)关系副词: 先行词是时间、地点或理由的名词,在从句中作状语。

关系副词一般有when, where, why。

There are occasions when (on which) one must lie. (when相当于on occasions) Tianjin is the place where (in which) I was born. (where相当于in the place)Is this the reason why (for which) he refused our offer? (why相当于for thereason)3.基本形式:先行词(人/物)+关系代词/ 关系副词+定语从句This is the book (that) you lent me. (book为先行词,that为关系词,这里在句子中作宾语,可省略)4.特殊情况:A.定语从句中关系代词只能用that,如下:1)先行词为形容词最高级或被形容词最高级修饰时,如the most, the best等;如:This is the most interesting film that I’ve never seen. (the most interesting 为最高级)2)先行词为序数词或被序数词修饰时,如the first, second等;如: What is the first foreign film that you have ever seen? (the first foreign film 序数词)3)先行词为不定代词时,不定代词有:something, everything, anything, nothing, all, some. Much, little, none, few等);如:Do you have anything that you don’t understand? (anything为不定代词) 4)先行词既指人又指物时,只能用that;如:Do you know the things and persons that they are talking about? (先行词为things and persons)5)当主句是以who或者which开头的特殊疑问句时如:Who is the person that is standing at the gate?6)先行词前有the only,the very等修饰时如:After the fire, the old car was the only thing that he owned.(先行词为the onlything)7)当主语是以here,there开头且先行词是指物的名词时如:Here is the book that you are looking for.B.定语从句中关系代词只能用which,如下:1)在介词后面的关系代词用which而不能用that。