超高层建筑电梯流量分析
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长流片区1604地块电梯流量分析AnalysisConcepts1 TrafficThe vertical transportation system of modern high rise buildings made up of elevators and escalators is as important to the operation of the building as an efficient metro system is to a modern city. As such the expected demand and traffic flow must be considered during building design and planning. The term commonly used to describe this process for the vertical transportation system is “Traffic Analysis”由电梯和扶梯组成的高层建筑的垂直运输系统对建筑物的运作效率是非常重要的，就像交通系统对于一个城市的重要性一样。
在建筑物设计和计划中我们必须考虑其需求和人流量。
我们通常用“流量分析”一词来描述建筑物的垂直运输系统的这个过程。
1.1 System Performance ParametersThe following key parameters are used to define the quality and quantity of service provided by an elevator system.以下几个关键的性能参数用来定义电梯服务的质量。
Average Waiting Time – AWT 平均等待时间Time to Destination – TTD 到达目的楼层时间5-Minute Handling Capacity – HC5% 5分钟运输能力Journey TimeTime to DestinationWaiting TimeTransit TimeWalking Time Standing Time' Call registration Doors opening (Doors opening (' Passenger arrives Passenger alights (Average Waiting Time (AWT): This is the average time from the moment of registering a call until the responding elevator doors begin to open. Excessive waiting times indicate poor system performance and cause passenger frustration.平均候梯时间(AWT):从乘客在厅站登记呼梯信号到相应的电梯门开始打开的平均时间. 过长等候时间说明电梯系统运行性能差，会影响乘客的情绪。
Time to Destination (TTD): This is the sum of waiting time plus transit time, where transit time is the time the responding elevator doors begin to open to the time the doors begin to open again at the passenger’s destination.到达目的楼层时间(TTD):到达目的楼层时间是等待时间和运行时间的总和，其中运行时间指的是电梯开门响应召唤开始一直到电梯到达乘客的目的楼层再次打开门的时间。
5-Minute Handling Capacity (HC5%): This is the total number of passengers who are transported in a 5 minute period expressed as a percentage of the total population serviced by the elevator system. The value normally used is that for the peak 5 minute period as shown in the graph below.五分钟运输能力(HC5% )：指电梯系统在五分钟内能运输的人数占电梯服务楼层总人数的百分比。
这个数值通常指达到最高峰流量时的5分钟运输能力，如下面图表所示：1.2 Building ConsiderationsDepending on the building type the traffic patterns will differ and as such the traffic analysis must be tailored to suit the building.根据建筑的类型，将会有不同的交通模式，同样交通流量分析也必须根据建筑物来量体裁衣。
For office buildings it is generally accepted that if a system can cope adequately with the up-peak condition it will function satisfactorily at other times of day. Historically this has shown to be accurate however with the advent of destination based control systems this is not necessarily true for all applications.作为办公楼，我们通常认为如果电梯系统可以充分满足上行高峰时的运行要求，它也可以满足其它时间段的运行要求。
在目的楼层控制系统诞生前这种说法被说明是正确的，但是现在他已经不适用于所有的状况了。
For residential applications such as apartments and hotels the most onerous traffic condition is two-way traffic. In apartment blocks this is typified by the afternoon or early evening period where people are arriving home from work and going out for the evening, alternatively in hotels this is the morning peak period where some guests are going to and from breakfast whilst others are going to reception to check out.在居住项目中如酒店和公寓最繁忙的交通情况是两种交通模式。
在公寓楼里这主要是指下午或者傍晚时段，当人们下班回家和出去参加晚会，在酒店来说，流量高峰指指的是早晨高峰时段，此时一些乘客出去或者去吃早餐同时一些人去前台办理离店。
ThyssenKrupp Elevator recommendations for design and performance criteria for offices, hotels and apartments are given in Section2.蒂森克虏伯电梯在办公、酒店和住宅项目中就设计电梯性能参数提供了一些建议，请参照第二部分。
2 Design Criteria Proposal2.1 TKE design proposal for office buildings TKE对办公建筑电梯的设计建议(up peak traffic: 100% up) building are as follows:上行高峰流量：100%，如下：Quality Level 质量等级Nominal TravelTime (s)名义在途时间5 min HandlingCapacity %5分钟处理能力Average WaitingTime (s)平均等待时间Average Time toDestination (s)平均到站时间Excellent 20 – 25 15 -17 20 - 25 60 - 90 Good 25 – 30 12 - 15 25 - 30 80 - 100 Satisfactory 35 – 40 10 - 12 35 - 40 110 - 1202.2 TKE design proposal for a hotels TKE对酒店电梯的设计建议(2 way traffic: 50% up + 50% down) building are as follows:上行50%+下行50%，如下：Quality Level Nominal TravelTime (s)名义在途时间5 min HandlingCapacity %5分钟处理能力Average WaitingTime (s) 平均等待时间Average Time toDestination (s)平均到站时间Excellent 25 – 30 15 -17 25 - 30 70 - 90Good 30 – 35 12 - 15 30 - 35 90 - 110Satisfactory 35 – 40 10 - 12 35 - 40 110 - 1202.3 TKE design proposal for residential/apartment buildings TKE对住宅/公寓电梯的设计建议(2 way traffic: 50% incoming + 50% outgoing) building are as follows:50%进入+50%外出，如下：Quality Level Nominal TravelTime (s)名义在途时间5 min HandlingCapacity %5分钟处理能力Average WaitingTime (s)平均等待时间Average Time toDestination (s)平均到站时间Excellent 30 – 35 > 8 25 - 30 70 - 90 Good 35 – 40 6 - 7 30 - 40 90 - 110 Satisfactory 40 – 45 5 - 6 40 - 45 110 - 120ResultsAnalysis3 TrafficTraffic Analysis Resultsof3.1 Summary1.下面是ELEVATE软件基于所提供长流片区1604地块参数(方案一)：商业裙房及单体塔楼1--3层为商业裙房,每层建筑面积约5000平米,层高5米,交通工具为是电扶梯。
