前元音、中元音和后元音

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元音分类1:

前元音、中元音和后元音

根据元音发音过程中舌头在口腔中抬起的部位不同,我们可以把元音分为前元音、中元音和后元音。

(1) Front(前元音)4

The front vowels in English are the vowels that are articulated near the front

of the oral cavity, such as:

发前元音时,发音部位靠近口腔前部。例如:

1./i:/ 前、高、不圆唇、长元音; 2. /i/ 前、半高、不圆唇、短元音;

3./e/ 前、半高、不圆唇、短元音; 4. /?/ 前、低、不圆唇、短元音.

(2) Central(中元音)2

The central vowels in English are the vowels that are articulated near the center

of the vocal cavity, such as:

发央元音时,发音部位靠近口腔中?部。例如:

1./?/ 中、半高、不圆唇、长元音; 2. /?:/ 中、半低、不圆唇、短元音.

(3) Back(后元音)6

The back vowels in English are the vowels that are articulated near the rear of

the vocal cavity, such as:

发后元音时,发音部位靠近口前后部。例如:

1./u/ 后、高、圆唇、短元音; 2. /u:/ 后、高、圆唇、长元音;

3./?/ 后、低、圆唇、短元音; 4./?:/ 后、半低、圆唇、长元音;

5./Λ/ 后、半低、不圆唇、短元音; 6./a:/ 后、低、不圆唇、长元音.

单元音和双元音

根据元音的构成要素,我们可以把元音分为12个单元音(monophthongs)和8个双元音(Diphthongs)。

In articulating a Diphthong,the vowel-sound glides from one vowel to another,

such as:

发双元音时,从一个元音滑向另一个元音。例如:

1. /ei/ gay; 2. / ?u/ load; 3. /ai/ kite; 4. /au/ mouth;

5. /?i/ boy; 6. /i?/ hear; 7. /e?/ fair; 8. /u?/ tour.

In articulating a Monophthong, the vowel-sound doesn’t change in quality

throughout the course of a syllable. The other vowels in English are relatively

Monophthongs.

发单元音时,在一个音节的发音过程中不改变音质。英语中其他元音均为单元音。例如: 1. /i:/ bee; 2. /i/ hit; 3. /e/ bed; 4. /?/ bad;

5. /Λ/ but; 6. /a:/ hard; 7. /?/ lot; 8. /?:/ war;

9. /u/ look; 10. /u:/ moon; 11. /?:/ work; 12. /?/ leader;

长元音和短元音:

根据元音的发音长短,我们可以把元音分为长元音和短元音。

In articulating a short vowel, the vowel-sound is sustained a short duration,

such as:

发短元音时,声音持续时间较短。例如:

1. /i/ pig; 2. /e/ let; 3. /?/ map; 4. /?/ hot;

5. /Λ/ mud; 6. /u/ good; 7. /au/ about.

In articulating a long vowel, the vowel-sound is sustained a long duration. The

other vowels in English are relatively long.

发长元音时,声音持续时间较长。英语中其他元音均为长元音。例如:

1. /i:/ bee; 2. /?:/ work; 3. /a:/ hard; 4. /?:/ war; 5. /u:/ moon.

辅音:

(辅音分类1)清辅音和浊辅音:

根据声带的振动情况,我们可以把辅音分为清辅音和浊辅音。

清辅音(unvoiced consonants)

In articulating an unvoiced consonant, the vocal cords are not vibrating, such

as:

发清辅音时,声带不震动。例如:

1. /p/ put 2. /t/ tea 3. /k/ cake 4. // think

5. /s/ sad 6. /∫/ shy 7. /t∫/ chat 8. /f/ fat

9. /h/ have 10. /tr/ tree 11. /ts/ bets

浊辅音(voiced consonants)

In articulating a voiced consonant, the vocal cords are vibrating, such as:

发浊辅音时,声带震动。例如:

1. /b/ bar 2. /d/ dog 3. // game 4. // that

5. /z/ aoo 6. // vision 7. /d/ joy 8. /v/ very

9. /w/ wait 10. /m/ meal 11. /n/ net 12. // bank

13. /l/ late 14. /r/ rest 15. /j/ year 16. /dr/ dream

17. /dz/ cards