前元音、中元音和后元音
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第1页,共3页 元音分类1: 【1 】
前元音.中元音和后元音
依据元音发音进程中舌头在口腔中抬起的部位不合,我们可以把元音分为前元音.中元音和后元音.
(1) Front(前元音)4
The front vowels in English are the vowels that are articulated
near the front of the oral cavity, such as:
发前元音时,发音部位接近口腔前部.例如:
1./i:/ 前.高.不圆唇.长元音; 2. /i/ 前.半高.不圆唇.短元音;
3./e/ 前.半高.不圆唇.短元音; 4. /æ/ 前.低.不圆唇.短元音.
(2) Central(中元音)2
The central vowels in English are the vowels that are articulated
near the center of the vocal cavity, such as:
发央元音时,发音部位接近口腔中ә部.例如:
1./ә/ 中.半高.不圆唇.长元音; 2. /ә:/ 中.半低.不圆唇.短元音.
(3) Back(后元音)6
The back vowels in English are the vowels that are articulated
near the rear of the vocal cavity, such as:
发后元音时,发音部位接近口前后部.例如:
1./u/ 后.高.圆唇.短元音; 2. /u:/ 后.高.圆唇.长元音;
3./ɔ/ 后.低.圆唇.短元音; 4./ɔ:/后.半低.圆唇.长元音;
5./Λ/后.半低.不圆唇.短元音; 6./a:/ 后.低.不圆唇.长元音.
单元音和双元音
依据元音的组成要素,我们可以把元音分为12个单元音(monophthongs)和8个双元音(Diphthongs).
In articulating a Diphthong,the vowel-sound glides from one vowel
to another, such as:
发双元音时,从一个元音滑向另一个元音.例如: 第2页,共3页 1. /ei/ gay; 2. / әu/ load; 3. /ai/ kite; 4. /au/
mouth;
5. /ɔi/ boy; 6. /iә/ hear; 7. /eә/ fair; 8. /uә/
tour.
In articulating a Monophthong, the vowel-sound doesn’t change in
quality throughout the course of a syllable. The other vowels in
English are relatively Monophthongs.
发单元音时,在一个音节的发音进程中不转变音质.英语中其他元音均为单元音.例如:
1. /i:/ bee; 2. /i/ hit; 3. /e/ bed; 4. /æ/ bad;
5. /Λ/ but; 6. /a:/ hard; 7. /ɔ/ lot; 8. /ɔ:/ war;
9. /u/ look; 10. /u:/ moon; 11. /ә:/ work; 12. /ә/ leader;
长元音和短元音:
依据元音的发音长短,我们可以把元音分为长元音和短元音.
In articulating a short vowel, the vowel-sound is sustained a
short duration, such as:
发短元音时,声音中断时光较短.例如:
1. /i/ pig; 2. /e/ let; 3. /æ/ map; 4. /ɔ/ hot;
5. /Λ/ mud; 6. /u/ good; 7. /au/ about.
In articulating a long vowel, the vowel-sound is sustained a long
duration. The other vowels in English are relatively long.
发长元音时,声音中断时光较长.英语中其他元音均为长元音.例如:
1. /i:/ bee; 2. /ә:/ work; 3. /a:/ hard; 4. /ɔ:/ war; 5.
/u:/ moon.
子音:
(子音分类1)清子音和浊子音:
依据声带的振动情形,我们可以把子音分为清子音和浊子音.
清子音(unvoiced consonants) 第3页,共3页 In articulating an unvoiced consonant, the vocal cords are not
vibrating, such as:
发清子音时,声带不震撼.例如:
1. /p/ put 2. /t/ tea 3. /k/ cake 4. // think
5. /s/ sad 6. /∫/ shy 7. /t∫/ chat 8. /f/ fat
9. /h/ have 10. /tr/ tree 11. /ts/ bets
浊子音(voiced consonants)
In articulating a voiced consonant, the vocal cords are vibrating,
such as:
发浊子音时,声带震撼.例如:
1. /b/ bar 2. /d/ dog 3. // game 4. // that
5. /z/ aoo 6. // vision 7. /d/ joy 8. /v/ very
9. /w/ wait 10. /m/ meal 11. /n/ net 12. // bank
13. /l/ late 14. /r/ rest 15. /j/ year 16. /dr/ dream
17. /dz/ cards