国家留学基金委听力词汇总汇

[3-minute light music]The Listening Test for Government sponsored CandidatesJanuary 5, 2012Section 1Listen to the following talk and fill in the blanks as you listen. You will listen to the talk once only. You now have 60 seconds to read questions 1- 10.[pause 60 seconds][tone]Australia is one of the oldest and flattest continents. It has an area of over seven million square kilometers and lies between the Indian and Pacific Oceans. About a third of Australia is hot desert. The better quality soils in the higher rainfall areas are intensively farmed. This explains the concentration of population along the east coast of Australia and the south-west of Western Australia and Tasmania.The first settlers to arrive on the continent were the Aboriginal people who are believed to have come from Asia at least 38,000years ago. By the time European settlers arrived, the Aboriginal population was about 300,000.Some Arab, Portuguese and Dutch sailors made early visits to Australia, possibly to fish off the coast.In 1770 Captain James Cook arrived in Botany Bay. He claimed the whole of Australia for Britain. His report of his discovery caused considerable interest in England; no attempt was made to send settlers until the American War of Independence. Britain needed alternative overseas settlements for lawbreakers sentenced to transportation and for relieving the inhuman overcrowding of its prison along the Thames River.On 26 January 1788, now commemorated as Australia’s national day, Captain Arthur Phillip established a penal settlement at Port Jackson, as the first Governor of the British colony of New South Wales. This small convict settlement grew to become Australia’s largest city, Sydney.Over the next 80 years, there was much exploration in Australia. Settlements were set up in Hobart, Brisbane, Perth and Melbourne and these settlements were to become the capital cities of the states, forming starting points for further exploration and settlement inland. Transportation toYou now have TWO minutes to check and transfer your answers to the answer sheet.[pause 2 minutes]That is the end of Section 1.Section 2Part AYou are going to hear a conversation between Professor Smith and his secretary, Liza. As you listen, complete the following notes by writing NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer. You will listen to this part ONCE only.You now have 30 seconds to read questions 11 to 15.[pause 30 seconds][tone]S mith: Hi, Liza, it’s me. Can you do a few things for me?Liza: Sure.Smith: Could you call the Airline and reconfirm my flight? My flight number is BA 965 to Germany.Liza: OK, let me write it down. Your flight is BA965 to Germany.Smith: Yes, and make su re they’ve given me an aisle seat, they messed it up last time.Liza: All right. To make sure they’ve given you an aisle seat. Yes, what else?Smith: Could you make a reservation in the Mercure Hotel for me? It is a real nice hotel and I stayed there last time.Lisa: Sorry, what’s the name of hotel?Smith: It’s Mercure Hotel. It spells M-E-R-C-U-R-E.Lisa: M-E-R-C-U-R-E, Mercure Hotel. Yes, I’ve got it. Well, how long would you plan to stay there?Smith: Oh, I will get there on Monday evening, and then, next morning I will participate a two-day’s conference on global w arming there. I guess I could probably leave next day. Liza: You mean you are leaving on Thursday?Smith: Um Thursday? Wait a minute, let me check my itinerary. Oh, no! I can’t leave that day. I’m invited to a concert that night, and I don’t want to miss it. I think I’m leaving on Friday morning.Liza: I see. So it will be four nights in the hotel?Smith: Yes, you are right, four nights in the hotel.Liza: Oh, do you have the hotel phone number?Smith: Yes, I’ve got their card. Here it is: 0-0-4-9-5-1-1-5-4-0-7-0.Liza: 004951154070.Smith: Yes, that’s right.Liza: Great, anything else?Smith: Well, I think that’s all for now. Thank you, Liza.Lisa: With pleasure.You now have ONE minute to check and transfer your answers to the answer sheet.[pause 1 minute]That is the end of Part A.Part BNow listen to the news from BBC. As you listen, write T for the correct statement and F for the incorrect statement. You will listen to the news ONCE only.You now have 30 seconds to read questions 16 to 20.[pause 30 seconds][tone]F: I n Bangladesh （孟加拉国）at least 60 people were killed when a ferry collided with cargo vessel and sank in River Surma. The accident occurred Friday night near the industrial town of Chatak. Police officials say many of the victims were women and children. Many of the men managed to swim to safety, while the women and children inside the boat were trapped.M: Population experts at the United Nations estimated that the world reached nine billion by twenty-fifty and ten billion by the end of the century. China's population of one and a third billion is currently the world's largest. India isF: Generations of newcomers have brought their tastes and sometimes their farming skills to American soil. These include refugees who have gotten help from government agencies and private groups to grow crops on community farms. Many of them can learn how to grow foods from back home as well as traditional American crops. The growers sell some of their produce at a marketplace and to restaurants.M: Heart disease is the world’s leading cause of death. Yet most causes can beand better public knowledge about differences in heart diseasebetween men and women.F:of plastic each year. At least 6.4 million metric tons 公顿of that plastic has ended up in the oceans. Environmental activist Captain Charles Moore has found that in some areas, plastic outweighs zooplankton浮游生物- the ocean’s food base - and is entering the food chain. He calls this ‘the age of plastic’.You now have ONE minute to check and transfer your answers to the answer sheet.[pause 1 minute]That is the end of Section 2.Section 3You are going to hear an interview about the National Health Service (NHS) in the UK. As you listen, answer the following questions by writing NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer. You will listen to this part TWICE.You now have 60 SECONDS to read questions 21 to 30.[pause 60 seconds][tone]F: Today we are honored to have Will Gardener from the National Health Service (NHS) to tell us how the health care system works. Welcome, Mr. Gardener.M:Thanks, it’s my p leasure to be here.First let me talk a little about the National Health Service as we call it --- the NHS. Well, NHS is the treatment from the British Medical Scheme and isyou can receive free medicines, dental treatment, eye tests and some glasses.F: Free of charge? Sounds great. How do I get help with my health?M: If you are ill, you should go to see you local doctor, called a General PractitionerYou should register with a GP as soon as possible so that you can get medical care if you need it. To register you will need to give your name, date of birth, address and telephone number if you have one.usually be carried out by a nurse. It is important that you go to this appointment even if you are well.F: How can I make an appointment with a local doctor?M: Before you visit your doctor or one of the nurses at the surgery you will usuallyou may have to wait a few days for a non urgent appointment. If you think you need to see the doctor urgently tell the receptionist when you make the appointment, and you will be seen that day if appropriate.separate appointment for each member of the family that wishes to see the doctor. Please make sure that you arrive on time for your appointment and if you are unable to attend your appointment please make sure you cancel it.F: Is there anything I should have with me to see a General Practitioner?M:you have an appointment with the doctor or nurse. The information in this book is for yourself and NHS staff only.F: Can I get medicines from my GP?M: No, if your doctor wants you to take medicines, he/she will write you ayou can get your medicines. The pharmacist can give advice on the treatment of minor health problems. Some medicines can be bought from the pharmacist without aF: Oh, I see, it saves a lot of trouble. Can I go to visit my GP at any time?M:I’m afraid not. GP surgeries are generally open from about 08:30 to 18:30for health advice or for medical support when your surgery is closed. It will cost much less to use a landline, for example in a telephone kiosk, than a mobile phone. F: That is very convenient, now, Dr. Gardener, one more question, what should we do in an emergency?M: In an emergency, if you or someone with you becomes seriously ill and cannotto the Accident and Emergency Department of you local hospital. However, this service is only for emergencies. Do not use the Accident and Emergency Department for minor medical problems.Now listen to the interview again.You now have THREE minutes to check and transfer your answers to the answer sheet.[Pause 3 minutes]That is the end of Section 3.Section 4You are going to hear a lecture on retirement. As you listen, complete the following statements by writing NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer. You will listen to this part TWICE.You now have 60 SECONDS to read questions 31 to 40.[pause 60 seconds][tone]The title of my talk is financing retirement. First, let me begin with a story about the watch I’m wearing. It was given to one James Johnson, who served as a driver for 50 years at the Somerset Railway. In 1966, Johnson retired and was given this watch. Why do I cite all this? Johnson would have been very pleased to join thereason was that they were early adopters of pensions.The railway companies were the first to begin providing pensions for the majority of their employees, and a pension, in 1916, would have been something to treasureIt will be useful now to take a step back to have a short history of retirement. First of all, we have got to remember that the idea of retirement is relatively recent. Actually the idea of a number of years’ comfortable retirement is apost-War idea.If we look back to that period of time, it is a time when Britain and Europe were industrial powerhouses: they made steel, they mined coal, they builtships – they did all sorts of things that we do not seem to do today.that maybe, going forward today, we are going to find very hard to sustain.Now, when we look around the world, we typically see a two or three tier pension system in terms of retirement-funding architectures. That will typically be the state system, compulsory private saving, and voluntary private saving.State systems in Europe are typically social insurance, which differs slightly fromleast, both are pay- go systems. In other words, the contributions made today go to pay the pensions of the people who are retired right now. We call those pay-go systems.In the UK, we spend 5.1% of GDP on all state retirement benefits. That makes us the cheapest in the EU 25. France spends 12.5% of GDP on state retirementThis is not sustainable. It is arguable that it is sustainable at 5.1%, but there are at least some global commentators, such as the IMF, who would argue that the pension and healthcare promises made forward by the UK Government to its population effectively make the UK bankrupt today.Next, let’s look at private savings. Private saving varies widely across theput in place architectures which mean that, increasingly, company and individual pension saving, and certainly employer-based pension saving, are taking off. And they need to take off, because you cannot carry on spending 12.5% of GDP in France on retirement benefits.In 1967 in the UK, three-quarters of the workforce were saving into a good pension or having a pension provided for them. That figuretoday is 45%. Ironic, is not it? Only ten years ago, we were the best pensionnation on the planet.The most worrying thing is there are at least 4.7 million people who are eligible to join a pension scheme and receive an employer contribution who are not doing so.they have been a success story, with 6.7 billion per annum going into them. At least that shows some hope.This is because, if you have a pot of X amount of money, and you want to draw an income from that pot over Y years, clearly, the lower the number that Y is, the bigger annual income you can expect. So longevity and healthy aging are at the core of some of the issues that we are going to face in retirement.Now listen to the lecture again.You now have THREE minutes to check and transfer your answers to the answer sheet. [pause 3 minutes]That is the end of listening comprehension.KeySection 11.third2.concentration4.early5.discovery6.along7.established8.grew9.capital10.endedSection 211. BA96512. Mercure13. to (a) concert14. 4/four nights15. 1154070.16. T17. T18. F19. T20. FSection 321. taxation// tax22.surgery //health center23.( a) health check24. in person // by telephone25. 5-10 minutes26. patient record27. pharmacy// chemist shop28. cough (medicines) // pain (killers)29. telephone NHS Direct// call NHS direct30. (an) ambulanceSection 431. secure32. Second World War// WWII33. economic34. pay-go35. 16.5%36. rare37. decline38. Australiaword格式-可编辑-感谢下载支持39. less40. healthy aging。

考试注意事项整个试卷共120题,听力部分有30道题,长度约25分钟,该部分结束后立即开始语法词汇部分,然后是填充部分和阅读部分。

这三部分时间统用,共80分钟。

听力录音长度约21分钟,共30题,其中10题有惩罚措施:做对得1分,做错扣0.5分。

因此建议:不要做没有把握的题。

阅读部分中第111-120题亦有惩罚措施:做对得1分;做错扣1分。

请先下载听力试题的声音文件(MP3格式。

按鼠标右键,用―目标另存为...‖将声音文件下载到硬盘上,然后用相关软件播放。

试题的标准答案附在最后。

请自己核对答案。

最终成绩的换算表:Part I Listening Comprehension (听力理解每个正确答案乘以 1Part II Grammar and Vocabulary (语法、词汇每个正确答案乘以 0.6Part III Cloze (填充每个正确答案乘以 0.8Part IV Reading Comprehension (阅读理解每个正确答案乘以 1四项换算后的成绩之和为总分。

满分为100分。

录取等级参考标准如下:高级班:65分以上中级班:50-64分准中级班:35-49分基础班:20-34分Part I Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections :In this section, you will hear 10 short statements. The statements will be spoken just once. They will not be written out for you, and you must listen carefully in order to understand what the speaker says.When you hear a statement, you will have a period of 15 to 20 seconds to read the four sentences in your test book and decide which one is closest in meaning to the statement you have heard. Then, on your answer sheet, find the number of the problem and mark your answer by drawing with a pencil a short bar across the corresponding letter in the brackets.Listen to the following example:You will hear:You will read:[A] He's been living in Beijing for a long time.[B] He used to live in Beijing.[C] He's gone to Beijing for a short visit.[D] He should stay longer in Beijing,Sentence [B] "He used to live in Beijing" is closest in meaning to the statement "He is no longer living in Beijing." Therefore you should choose answer [B].1. [A] Tom is riding a bike.[B] The bike is upside down.[C] Tom is repairing the bike.[D] Tom is cleaning his bike.2. [A] Professor Graff doesn't usually write on the blackboard.[B] Students are rarely bored in Professor Grafts class.[C] The professor uses graphs when she lectures.[D] Students in the graphic arts course don't take notes.3. [A] They are with them.[B] It is with them.[C] They are with her.[D] He is with her.4. [A] I passed the test because I studied hard.[B] I won't do well on the test if I don't study.[C] I failed the test because I didn't study enough.[D] I'll study hard so I can pass the test.5. [A] How long is the school term?[B] Why did you turn over the stool?[C] I wish I know how to get to the dormitory.[D] I want the term to end soon.6. [A] The boat owner must be rich.[B] This man must be the owner.[C] Those men are both rich.[D] The boat has a monkey on it.7. [A] Alice answered Jean's question.[B] Alice allowed Jean to respond.[C] Jean's response was questionable.[D] Alice accepted the answer.8.[A] Bob bought a new pair of sandals.[B] Bob's sandals were fixed.[C] The shoemaker only made sandals.[D] The shoemaker wore sandals.9.[A] We have to go to a party after work.[B] We are going to have a party when the house has been painted.[C] We went to a huge party after the house was painted.[D] We'll go to the party if the house is painted.10. [A] They read about the invention in the news report.[B] The inventor wrote an interesting news report.[C] A reporter asked the inventor some questions.[D] The reporter was watching the news.Section BDirections:In this section you will hear 10 short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. You will hear the question only once. When you have heard the question, you will have a period of 15 to 20 seconds to read the four possible answers marked [A], [B], [C] and [D] and decide which is the best answer. Mark your answer on the answer sheet by drawing with a pencil a short bar across the corresponding letter in the brackets.Example :You will hear:'You will read:[A] At the office.[B] On his way to work.[C] Home in bed.[D] Away on vacation.From the conversation, we know that Bill is sick and will have to stay in bed until Monday. The best answer, then, is [C] "Home in bed." Therefore, you should choose answer [C].11. [A] On the steps.[B] By the window.[C] At s store.[D]In a bank.12. [A] It's almost time for lunch.[B] Only a few strawberries will be eaten at lunch.[C] There are just enough strawberries for lunch.[D] There won't be many people for lunch.13.[A] No one knows how Mary gets to work.[B] It's surprising that Mary could repair the record player.[C] She threw the old records away.[D] She doesn't think the record player works.14. [A] In a railroad station.[B] In a bus terminal.[C] In a restaurant.[D] In a hotel room.15. [A] At the information desk.[B] On the platform.[C] On the train.[D] Near the stairs.16. [A] Eighteen.[B] Nineteen.[C] Twenty.[D] Twenty-eight.17. [A] He gave homework.[B] He prepared a test.[C] He opened the book to page 20.[D] He went to the cinema.18. [A] He doesn't understand the question.[B] He will definitely not lend her the money.[C] He will lend her the money.[D] He might lend her the money.19. [A] She lost her money.[B] The price of postage went up.[C] She didn't know where the post office.[D] The post office was closed today.20. [A] Zero.[B] One.[C]Two.[D] Three.Section CDirections :In this section you will hear several brief talks and/or conversations. You will hear them once only. After each one, you will hear some questions. You will hear each question once only. After you hear the question, you will have 1 5 to 20 seconds to choose the best answer from the four choices given. Mark your answer on the answer sheet by drawing with a pencil a short bar across the corresponding letter in the brackets.21. [A] A person's character.[B] A person's voice characteristics.[C] A person's health.[D] A person's profession.22. [A] The strength of the speaker.[B] The force of air that comes from the lungs.[C] The weight of the speaker.[D] The height of the speaker.23. [A] The highness or lowness of sounds.[B] The loudness of sounds.[C] The force of sounds.[D] The speed of sounds.24. [A] The Student Activities Office will open.[B] Seniors will measure their heads.[C] Students will order new school hats.[D] Seniors will graduate.25. [A] All students[B] All seniors[C] All graduating seniors[D] All faculty26. [A] What kind of ceremony there will be[B] How to order the graduation outfit[C] How much to pay for the clothes[D] Where to go for graduation27. [A] Rent them[B] Buy them[C] Clean them[D] Measure them28. [A] Michael Jackson.[B] Muhammad Ali[C] A very famous actor.[D] A very famous and powerful president.29. [A] He was a gold medal winner in Olympics.[B] He is the younger brother of Michael Jackson.[C] He had some influence on the president of the U.S.[D] He is quite popular with the American young people today.30. [A] They usually don't live long.[B] They usually are quickly forgotten by the public.[C] They don't know where to hide themselves.[D] They are usually very fat.Part II Grammatical Structure and Vocabulary(30 minutesSection ADirections :There are 10 sentences in this section. Beneath each sentence there are 4 words or phrases marked [A], [B], [C] and [D]. Choose the one word or phrase that best completes the sentence. Mark your answer on the answer sheet by drawing with a pencil a short bar across the corresponding letter in the brackets.Example: I have been to the Great Wall three times ___ 1979.[A] from[B] after[C] for[D] sinceThe sentence should read, "I have been to the Great Wall three times since 1979." Therefore you should choose [D].31. Those foreign visitors look very ____.[A] smartly[B] wildly[C] like friends[D] friendly32.It ____ every day so far this month.[A] is raining[B] rains[C] has rained[D] rained33. James has just arrived, but I didn't know he ____ until yesterday.[A] will come[B] was coming[C] had been coming[D] came34. She ought to ___ my letter a week ago. But she was busy with her work.[A] have answered[B] answering[C] answer[D] be answered35. The house ____ windows are broken is unoccupied.[A] its[B] whose[C] which[D] those36. _____ of gold in California caused many people to travel west in hope of becoming rich.[A] The discovering[B] To discover[C] The discovery[D] On discovering37. _____ the Wright brothers successfully flew their airplane.[A] The century was beginning[B] It was the beginning of the century[C] At the beginning of the century[D] The beginning of the century38. After a brief visit to New Orleans,____.[A] returning to New York and beginning to write his greatest poetry did Walt . Whitman.[B] Walt Whitman returned to New York and began to write his greatest poetry.[C] Walt Whitman was writing his greatest poetry when he returned to New York.[D] having returned to New York Walt Whitman wrote his greatest poetry.39. We wish that you ____ such a lot of work , because we know that you would have enjoyed theparty.[A] hadn't had[B] hadn't[C] didn't have had[D] hadn't have40. Since your roommate is visiting her family this weekend, why_____ you have dinner with ustonight[A] will[B] won't[C]do[D] don'tSection BDirections :There are 10 sentences in this section. Each sentence has four parts underlined. The four underlined parts are marked [A], [B], [C] and [D]. Identify the one underlined part that is wrong. Mark your answer on the answer sheet by drawing with a pencil a short bar across the corresponding letter in the brackets.Example:A number of foreign visitors were taken to the industrial exhibition which they sawA B C Dmany new products.Answer [C] is wrong because the sentence should read, "A number of foreign visitors were taken to the industrial exhibition where they saw many new products." So you should choose[C].41. Thomas is most excellent in the family.A B C D42. By 1642 all towns in the colony of Massachusetts was required by law to have schools.A B C D43. Both moths and butterflies have a keen sense of sight, smell, and tasting.A B C D44.The plane took off after holding up for hours by fog.A B C D45. Smith sold most of his belongings. He has hardly nothing left in the house.A B C D46. The reason why I decided to come here is because this university has a goodA B CDepartment of English.D47.If he would have finished his paper a little sooner, he would have graduated this term.A B C D48. Most experts agree that there have never been such an exciting series ofA B Cbreakthroughs in the search for a cancer cure as we have seen recently.D49. If one does not have respect for himself, you cannot expect others to respect him.A B C D50. The South is mostly Democrat politically, when the North has both DemocratsA B C Dand Republicans.Section CDirections:There are 20 sentences in this section. Each sentence has a word or phrase underlined. There are four words or phrases beneath each sentence. Choose the one word or phrase which would best keep the meaning of the original sentence if it were substituted for the underlined part. Mark your choice on the answer sheet by drawing with a pencil a short bar across the corresponding letter in the brackets.Example: The initial step is often the most difficult.[A] quickest[B] longest[C] last[D] firstThe best answer is [D] because "first" has the same meaning as "initial" in the sentence. Therefore you should choose [D].51. The initial talks were the base of the later agreement.[A] first[B] quickest[C] last[D] longest52. She is quiet and pious at church in the morning but gossips all afternoon.[A]gentle[B] smiling[C]joyful[D] devout53. The weatherman said, "It will be chilly this afternoon."[A] wet[B] turbid[C] hot[D] cold54. He walked to his bedroom cautiously because he heard strange sounds in it.[A] happily[B] carefully[C] curiously[D] noisily55. Apparently she never got my letter after all.[A] Evidently[B] Disappointedly[C] Luckily[D] Anxiously56. Placing tags on ducks and geese as they migrate is one method of studying the behavior of birds.[A] sleep for winter[B] move from one place to another[C] flee their enemies[D] search for food57. In September, 1835, Darwin's vessel arrived at the Galapagos Islands.[A] assistant[B] cargo[C] ship[D] gun58. Movie studios often boost a new star with guest appearances on television talk shows.[A] attack[B] watch[C] denounce[D] promote59. When products advertise extensively on television, they are often ridiculously overpriced.[A] inexpensive[B] costly[C] valueless[D] overabundant60. John and his brother have entirely different temperaments.[A] likings[B] dispositions[C] tastes[D] objectives61. Seeds are contained in the center of fleshy fruit such as apples and pears.[A] core[B] focus[C] nucleus[D] median62. One of the responsibilities of a forest ranger is to drive slowly through the area in search of animals in distress.[A] cruise[B] tiptoe[C] skid[D] mare63. Mrs. Palmer was offended by the clerk's mean remark.[A] tasty[B] nasty[C] misty[D] musty64. Most recipients of the peace prize are given the award in person, but sometimes the award is givenposthumously.[A] when the person is out of the country[B] after the person has died[C] to political prisoners[D] by mail65. Seeing the Grand Canyon from the air is a sight to behold.[A] hold upon[B] remember[C] anticipate[D] gaze upon66: Mythical creatures have been a part of the folklore of many cultures throughout the centuries.[A] Appealing[B] Magical[C] Legendary[D] Fighting67. Everyone would like a panacea for health problems.[A] protection against[B] advice for[C] a cure-all for[D] a decrease in68. In the fall it is gratifying to see stalks of wheat ready for harvest.[A] terrifying[B] satisfying[C] surprising[D] relaxing69. A bad winter storm can paralyse an urban area.[A] immobilise[B] evacuate[C] isolate[D] stabilise70. Even though he was obese, Oliver Hardy gained fame as a comedian.[A] dying[B] crazy[C] unhappy[D]fatPart III ClozeDirections: For each blank in the following passage, choose the best answer from the choices in the column on the right. Then, on your answer sheet, find the number of the question and draw a short bar across the corresponding letter.There is a lot of luck in the drilling foroil. The [71] may just miss the oil although it is near;[72], it may strike oil at a fairly high[73]. When the drill goes down, itbrings [74] soil. The sample of soil from various depths areexamined for traces of [75]. If they are disappointed at one place, thedrillers go to [76]. Great sums ofmoney [77] spent, for example in the deserts of Egypt, in ‗prospecting‘ for oil. Sometimes[78] is found. When you buy a few gallons of petrol for our cars, we pay not only the [79] of the petrol, but also part of the cost if the search that 71.[A] time[B] man[C] drill[D] plan72. [A] at last[B] in the end[C] as a result[D] on the other hand73. [A] level[B] time[C] place[D] price74. [A] down[B] up[C] on[D] in75. [A] sand[B] water[C] oil[D] gas76. [A] another[B] the other[C] others[D] one another77. [A] are[B] is[C] has been[D] have been78. [A] a little[B] little[C] a few[D] few79. [A] amount[B] price[C] cost[D] drilling北京语言大学出国人员培训部/入学考试样题/2013is [ 80 ] going on.When the crude oil is obtained from the field, it is taken to the refineries.[ 81 ].The commonestform of treatment is [ 82 ]. When the oil is heated, the first vapours[ 83 ] are cooled and become the finest petrol. Petrol has a lowboiling[ 84 ]; if a little is poured into the hand, it soon vaporizes.Gas that comes off the [ 85 ] lateris condensed into paraffin. [ 86 ] the lubricating oils of variousgrades are produced. What [ 87 ] is heavy oil that is used as fuel.There are four main areas ofthe world [ 88 ] deposits of oil appear.The first is [ 89 ] of the Middle East.Another is thearea [ 90 ] North and South America, and the third, between Asia and Australia. The fourth area is the part near the North Pole. 80. [A] often[B] frequently[C] busily[D] always81. [A] to be treated[B] to treat[C] for treatment[D] for treating82. [A] heated[B] to be heated[C] to heat[D] heating83. [A] to rise[B] rises[C] rising[D] risen84. [A] level[B] place[C] point[D] degree85. [A] ground[B] air[C] oil[D] water86. [A] Then[B] Last of all[C] Afterwards[D] Lately87. [A] remains[B] remain[C] remained[D] remaining88. [A] there[B] which[C] that[D] where89. [A] the one[B] one[C] that[D] this90. [A] between[B] among[C] above[D] belowPart IV Reading Comprehension(40 minutesDirections:In this part there are passages followed by questions or unfinished statements, each with four suggested answers. Choose the one you think is the best answer. Mark your choice on the answer sheet by drawing with a pencil a short bar across the corresponding letter in the brackets. Questions 91-94 are based on the following passage:The fiddler crab is a living clock. It indicates the time of day by the color of its skin, which is dark by day and pale by night. The crab's changing skin color follows a regular 24-hour cycle that exactly matches the daily rhythm of the sun.Does the crab actually keep time, or does its skin simply respond to the sun's rays, changing color according to the amount of light that strikes it? To find out, biologists kept crabs in a dark room for two months. Even without daylight the crab's skin color continued to change precisely on schedule.This characteristic probably evolved in response to the rhythm of the sun, to help protect the crab from sunlight and enemies. After millions of years it has become completely regulated inside the living body of the crab.The biologists noticed that once each day the color of the fiddler crab is especially dark, and that each day this occurs fifty minutes later than on the day before. From this they discovered that each crab follows not only the rhythm of the sun but also that of the tides. The crab's period of greatest darkening is precisely the time of low tide on the beach where it was caught!91. The fiddler crab is like a clock because it changes color[A] in a regular 24-hour rhythm.[B] in response to the sun's rays.[C] at low tide.[D] every fifty minutes.92. The crab's changing color[A] tells the crab what time it is.[B] protects the crab from the sunlight and enemies.[C] keeps the crab warm.[D] is of no real use.93. When the fiddler crabs were kept in the dark, they[A] did not change color.[B] changed color more quickly.[C] changed color more slowly.[D] changed color on the same schedule.94. The best title for the passage is[A] The Rhythmic Cycles of the Sun and Tide[B] Discoveries in Biology[C] A Scientific Study[D] A living ClockThere is another example of the revolution in railway signaling and safety measures which can also be attributed to the widespread introduction of electricity in the last decade of the nineteenth century. The track circuit, patented by one William Robinson as far back as 1872, was based on a simple principle. A section of track is insulated at the rail joints from the adjoining sections, and an electrically-operated switch or relay is maintained in the closed position by a low-voltage current passing continually through the rails. The effect of the entry of a train on the insulated section is to short-circuit this current through its wheels and axles with the result that the switch opens. It will be appreciated that should the current fail or should an accidental short-circuit take place, the device will behave as if a train were on the section. However, it will obey the essential requirement of every safety device that in the event of failure the danger signal is given.95. What does the paragraph preceding this one probably discuss?[A] Another one of Robinson's inventions[B] A twentieth-century safety device[C] An electrically-operated safety device[D] Railroading in the mid-nineteenth century96. In the last sentence in the passage, what does the word "it" refer to?[A] An accidental short-circuit[B] A danger signal[C] A safety device[D] A train97. Which of the following statements is TRUE?[A] Railway signaling improved with the American Revolution.[B] The last century saw great progress in railway signaling device.[C] The track circuit is a simple application of a complex principle.[D] The widespread introduction of electricity took place around 1910.98. If a short-circuit takes place, what will happen to the section containing the safety device?[A] A fire will start.[B] A danger signal will be given.[C] A train will derail.[D] The electrically operated switch will close.99. What is the result when a train passed over a section with a low-voltage current?[A] It will derail.[B] A switch opens.[C] A danger signal is given.[D] It will shock the crew.100. What is the topic of this passage?[A] The development of electrical safety devices[B] The inventions of William Robinson[C] The danger of railroad accidents[D] The operation of an electrical safety device for trainsLife near the shore everywhere is affected by the tides, which come and go twice each day in a cycle of about twelve-and-a-half hours —just different enough from the daily cycle of the sun so that there can be no regular relationship between the shore being alternately wet and dry and alternately light and dark. The extent of the tides varies greatly, from as little as one foot in inland seas like the Mediterranean, to fifty feet or so in the Bay of Fundy in Nova Scotia. In some parts of the world, one of the two daily tides rises higher and falls lower than the other; and tides at the time of new moon and full moon are generally greater than at other times. The extent of the intertidal zone thus varies from day to day as well as from place to place.The kinds of organisms living in the region between the tidal limits depend very much on whether the shore is rocky, sandy, or muddy. Rocky shores have the most obviously rich faunas, because of the firm anchorage for both animals and plants, and because of the small pools left by the retreating seas. Sandy shores, especially when exposed to surf (as they usually are, have the fewest kinds of animals.101. Which of the following factors does not affect the extent of the tides?[A] Place[B] Time[C] The moon[D] The composition of the shore soil102. The time span between tides[A] varies as much as the extent of the tides.[B] is a more constant phenomenon than the extent of the tides.[C] is shorter in inland seas.[D] and the extent of tides depend upon each other.103. The two tides in a given day[A] may vary in extent.[B] never vary in extent.[C] always vary in extent.[D] only vary in extent at the time of a new moon or a full moon.104. The composition of the intertidal soil affect[A] the nature of tides.[B] the temperature of the water in that area.[C] the amount of animals and plants living in that area.[D] the level of pollution in that area.105. Muddy shores[A] have poorer faunas than do sandy shores.[B] have richer faunas than do rocky shores.[C] have poorer faunas than do rocky shores, but richer faunas than do sandy shores.[D] have no faunas at all.106. The smallest tides occur in[A] open seas.[B] inland.[C] bays.[D] deeper seas.Reading is the key to school success and, like any skill, it takes practice. A child learns to walk by practising until he no longer has to think about how to put one foot in front of the other. A great athlete practices until he can play quickly, accurately, without thinking. Tennis players call that "being in the zone." Educators call it "automaticity."A child learns to read by sounding out the letters and decoding the words. With practice, he stumbles less and less, reading by the phrase. With automaticity, he doesn't have to think about decoding the words, so he can concentrate on the meaning of the text.It can begin as early as first grade. In a recent study of children in Illinois schools, Alan Rossman of Northwestern University found automatic readers in the first grade who were reading almost three times as fast as the other children and scoring twice as high on comprehension tests. At fifth grade, the automatic readers were reading twice as fast as the others, and still outscoring them on accuracy, comprehension and vocabulary."It's not I.Q. but the amount of time a child spends reading that is the key to automaticity," according to Rossman. Any child who spends at least 3.5 to 4 hours a week reading books, magazines or newspapers will in all likelihood reach automaticity. At home, where the average child spends 25 hours a week watching television, it can happen by turning off the set just one night in favour of reading.You can test your child by giving him a paragraph or two to read aloud - something unfamiliar but appropriate to his age. If he reads aloud with expression, with a sense ofthe meaning of the sentences, he probably is an automatic reader. If he reads haltingly, one word at a time, without expression or meaning, he needs more practice.107. The first paragraph tells us____.[A] what automaticity is[B] how accuracy is acquired[C] how a child learns to walk[D] how an athlete is trained108. An automatic reader[A] sounds out the letters[B] concentrates on meaning[C] has a high I.Q.[D] pays much attention to the structures of sentences109. The Illinois study shows that the automatic reader's high speed[A] costs him a lot of work[B] affects his comprehension[C] leads to his future success[D] doesn't affect his comprehension110. A bright child[A] also needs practice to be an automatic reader[B] always achieves great success in comprehension tests[C] becomes an automatic reader after learning how to read[D] is a born automatic readerQuestions 111 - 116 are based on the following passage:The Triumph of Unreason?Neoclassical economics is built on the assumption that humans are rational beings who have a clear idea of their best interests and strive to extract maximum benefit (or―utility‖, in economist-speak from any situation. Neoclassical economics assumes that the process of decision-making is rational. But that contradicts growing evidence that decision-making draws on the emotions—even when reason is clearly involved.The role of emotions in decisions makes perfect sense. For situations met frequently in the past, such as obtaining food and mates, and confronting or fleeing from threats, the neural mechanisms required to weigh up the pros and cons will have been honed by evolution to produce an optimal outcome. Since emotion is the mechanism by which animals are prodded towards such outcomes, evolutionary and economic theory predict the same practical consequences for utility in these cases. But does this still apply when the ancestral machinery has to respond to the stimuli of urban modernity?One of the people who thinks that it does not is George Loewenstein, an economist at Carnegie Mellon University, in Pittsburgh. In particular, he suspects that modern shopping has subverted the decision-making machinery in a way that encourages people to run up debt. To prove the point he has teamed up with two psychologists, Brian Knutson of Stanford University and Drazen Prelec of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, to look at what happens in the brain when it is deciding what to buy.。

1.What do you think of this city?Xi'an is the capital of Shaanxi province, located in the northwest part of China. It is recognized as one of most important cities in China, both historically and currently. Xi’an Called Chang'an in ancient times, has been the capital of 13 dynasties, including the Zhou, Qin, Han, and the Tang. It also has been the eastern end of the Silk Road , so Xi’an was the first Chinese city to open up its doors to the ancient word.It is in a favorable geographical location surrounded by natural beauty, including rivers, mountains, plains, and rolling hills. It has a semi-moist monsoon ( [ˌmɒnˈsu:n] （印度洋的）季风; 季风雨; 夏季季风) climate and there is a clear distinction between the four seasons. The weather is extremely cold in winter. The temperature is about minus 10 degrees, and in summer the weather is fairly hot, The temperature reaches as high as 40 degrees. Of course, spring and autumn are comfortable. Xi’an is a city that it is suitable for traveling all the y ear.2.How do you find the life here in this city?The city life is very colorful. Xi'an is the capital of Shaanxi province. The economy, culture, utilities and education has been developed very rapidly. City dwellers gain access to better information service and educational facilities. There are various opportunities for the employment and education.There are many good university in this city. There you can express your ability to study what you like. There are many big shoppingmalls to meet the enlarging material needs of the citizens.They can provide us all kinds of goods we need. So shopping in this city is very convenient. In their spare time, people enjoy various entertainments, such as lectures and concerts, movies, sports, plays. And also the transport is very convenient in this city. We can take bicycle, bus ,taxi ,subway in our diary life。

基金委听力考试高频词汇表Aabandon vt. 丢弃;放弃,抛弃abroad ad. (在)国外;到处absent a. 不在场的;缺乏的academic a. 学院的;学术的accent n. 口音,腔调;重音access n. 接近;通道,入口accommodation n. 招待设备;预定铺位account n. 记述;解释;帐目accuracy n. 准确(性);准确度adequate a. 足够的;可以胜任的agency n. 经办;代理;代理处agriculture n. 农业,农艺;农学alcohol n. 酒精,乙醇alternative n. 替换物;取舍,抉择altitude n. 高,高度;高处ambition n. 雄心,抱负,野心ambulance n. 救护车;野战医院analysis n. 分析,分解,解析ancestor n. 祖宗,祖先annual a. 每年的n. 年报applicable a. 能应用的;适当的architecture n. 建筑学;建筑式样arrest vt. 逮捕,拘留;阻止artificial a. 人工的;矫揉造作的athlete n. 运动员;田径运动员audience n. 听众,观众,读者authority n. 当局,官方;权力automatic a. 自动的;机械的avenue n. 林荫道,道路;大街Bbarrier n. 栅栏,屏障;障碍bench n. 长凳,条凳;工作台beneficial a. 有利的,有益的betray vt. 背叛;辜负;泄漏biology n. 生物学;生态学blame vt. 责备,把…归咎于boundary n. 分界线,办界brake n. 闸,刹车vi. 制动branch n. 树枝;分部;分科brilliant a. 光辉的;卓越的Britain n. 不列颠,英国British a. 不列颠的,英联邦的bronze n. 青铜;青铜制品butcher n. 屠夫;屠杀者Ccabinet n. 橱,柜;内阁cafeteria n. 自助食堂calendar n. 日历,历书;历法campaign n. 战役;运动campus n. 校园,学校场地candidate n. 候选人;投考者carpenter n. 木工,木匠cattle n. 牛;牲口,家畜certificate n. 证书,证件,执照challenge n. 挑战;要求,需要circumstance n. 情况,条件;境遇citizen n. 公民;市民,居民civilization n. 文明,文化;开化climate n. 气候;风土,地带clumsy a. 笨拙的;愚笨的collapse vi. 倒坍;崩溃,瓦解commercial a. 商业的;商品化的committee n. 委员会;全体委员comparison n. 比较,对照;比拟competent a. 有能力的;应该做的competition n. 竞争,比赛complicated a. 复杂的,难懂的component n. 组成部分;分;组件confidence n. 信任;信赖;信心confident n. 确信的,自信的congress n. 大会;国会,议会conscience n. 良心,道德心consequence n. 结果,后果considerate a. 考虑周到的;体谅的consumption n. 消耗量;消耗contemporary a. 当代的,同时代的corporation n. 公司,企业;社团corresponding a. 相应的;符合的council n. 理事会,委员会crisis n. 危机;存亡之际critical a. 决定性的;批评的customer n. 顾客,主顾Ddamage vt. 损害,毁坏n. 损害debate n.&vi. 争论,辩论debt n. 债,债务,欠债decade n. 十年,十年期decent a. 正派的;体面的democratic a. 民主的,民主政体的department n. 部,司,局,处,系desert n. 沙漠vt. 离弃;擅离despite prep. 不管,不顾determination n. 决心;决定;确定devise vt. 设计,发明digest vt. 消化;领会n. 文摘digital a. 数字的,计数的diligent a. 勤勉的,勤奋的disposal n. 丢掉,处理,销毁distinct a. 与其他不同的distress n. 忧虑,悲伤;不幸domestic a. 本国的;家庭的duration n. 持续,持久dwelling n. 住处,寓所dynamic a. 有活力的;动力的Eeconomic a. 经济的,经济学的economy n. 经济;节约,节省effort n. 努力;努力的成果electronic a. 电子的embarrass vt. 使窘迫,使为难emotional a. 感情的,情绪的employment n. 工业;雇用;使用engage vt. 使从事于;聘用engine n. 发动机,引擎;机车enormous a. 巨大的,庞大的enthusiasm n. 热情,热心,热忱equivalent a. 相等的;等量的evaluate vt. 评价,估…的价eventually ad. 终于;最后exceed vt. 超过,胜过;超出excessive a. 过多的,极度的exclusively ad. 专门地exhaust vt. 使筋疲力尽;用尽exhibit vt. 显示;陈列,展览experimental a. 实验的,试验的expert n. 专家 a. 熟练的extraordinary a. 非同寻常的,特别的extremely ad. 极端,极其,非常Ffamiliar a. 熟悉的;冒昧的farewell int. 再会n. 告别fashionable a. 流行的,时髦的fatigue n. 疲劳,劳累favourite a. 特别受喜爱的federal a. 联邦的;联盟的fee n. 费,酬金;赏金fertilizer n. 肥料festival n. 节日;音乐节finance n. 财政,金融;财源flexible a. 易弯曲的;灵活的flight n. 航班;飞行;逃跑fortunate a. 幸运的,侥幸的foundation n. 基础;地基;基金framework n. 框架,构架,结构fundamental a. 基础的,基本的funeral n. 葬礼,丧礼,丧葬furniture n. 家具;装置,设备G garage n. 车库;加油站garbage n. 垃圾,污物,废料generous a. 慨的;宽厚的genius n. 天才,天赋,天资genuine a. 真的;真正的geography n. 地理,地理学grateful a. 感激的;令人愉快的gratitude a. 感激,感谢,感恩grocery n. 食品杂货店guilty a. 内疚的;有罪的Hharbor n. 海港,港口vt. 庇护harmony n. 调合,协调,和谐haste n. 急速,急忙;草率headquarters n. 司令部;总部helicopter n. 直升机hesitate vi. 犹豫,踌躇;含糊honourable a. 诚实的;光荣的horizon n. 地平线;眼界,见识humble a. 谦逊的;地位低下的humid a. 湿的,湿气重的humorous a. 富于幽默的,诙谐的Iidentical a. 完全相同的;同一的identify vt. 认出,识别,鉴定ignorant a. 不知道的;无知的illegal a. 不合法的,非法的immigrant n. 移民a. 移民的impact n. 影响,作用;冲击income n. 收入;收益;进款indifferent a. 冷漠的;不积极的indispensable a. 必不可少的,必需的individual a. 个别的;独特的inferior a. 下等的;劣等的influential a. 有影响的;有权势的initial a. 最初的;词首的innocent a. 清白的,幼稚的instrument n. 仪器;工具;乐器intellectual n. 知识分子 a. 智力的intelligence n. 智力;理解力;情报intimate a. 亲密的;个人的Jjealous a. 妒忌的;猜疑的journalist n. 记者,新闻工作者jungle n. 丛林,密林,莽丛junior a. 年少的n. 晚辈jury n. 陪审团;评奖团justice n. 正义,公正;司法Kking n. 国王,君主kingdom n. 王国;领域,界Llaboratory n. 实验室,研究室lawn n. 草地,草坪,草场leadership n. 领导leading a. 指导的;最主要的legal a. 法律的;合法的legend n. 传说,传奇leisure n. 空闲时间;悠闲length n. 长,长度;一段liable a. 易于…的;可能的librarian n. 图书馆馆长license n. 许可;执照vt. 准许liquid n. 液体 a. 液体的liquor n. 酒;溶液,液剂literary a. 文学(上)的logical a. 逻辑的;符合逻辑的loyalty n. 忠诚,忠心luggage n. 行李;皮箱,皮包luxury n. 奢侈,奢华;奢侈品Mmagnificent n. 壮丽的;华丽的maintain vt. 维持;赡养;维修maintenance n. 维持,保持;维修major a. 较大的n. 专业majority n. 多数,大多数manual a. 体力的n. 手册marvelous a. 奇迹般的;了不起的mayor n. 市长meadow n. 草地,牧草地mechanic n. 技工,机械,机修工minus a. 负的prep. 减(去) minute a. 微细的;详细的miracle n. 奇迹,令人惊奇的人miserable a. 痛苦的,悲惨的missile n. 发射物;导弹moderate a. 温和的;有节制的monitor n. 班长;监视器monument n. 纪念碑;纪念馆motivate vt. 促动;激励,激发mysterious a. 神秘的;难以理解的mystery n. 神秘;神秘的事物Nnarrow a. 狭的,狭窄的nationality n. 国籍;民族,族naval n. 海军的,军舰的navy n. 海军necessity n. 必要性;必然性negative a. 否定的;消极的neighbourhood n. 邻居关系;邻近nephew n. 侄子,外甥neutral a. 中立的;中性的nonsense n. 胡说,废话noticeable a. 显而易见的;重要的nuclear a. 原子核的;核心的Oobjective a. 客观的;无偏见的occasion n. 场合,时刻;时机occupation n. 占领,占据;职业official a. 官员的;官方的operator n. 操作人员,接线员opinion n. 意见,看法,主张opponent n. 对手,敌手;对抗者opposite a. 对面的n. 对立物optimistic a. 乐观的;乐观主义的option n. 选择,选择权organic a. 有机体的;器官的oriental a. 东方的;东方国家的origin n. 起源,由来;出身outcome n. 结果,后果,成果overseas ad. 海外 a. 在海外的Ppacific a. 和平的n. 太平洋parliament n. 议会,国会participate vi. 参与,参加;分享passenger n. 乘客,旅客,过路人passion n. 激情,热情;爱好patient a. 忍耐的n. 病人peaceful a. 和平的;安静的peculiar a. 特有的;特别的performance n. 履行;演出;行为permanent a. 永久的,持久的personnel n. 全体人员,全体职员phenomenon n. 现象philosopher n. 哲学家physician n. 医生,内科医生physicist n. 物理学家pilot n. 领航员;飞行员pioneer n. 拓荒者;先驱者plantation n. 种植园;栽植platform n. 平台;站台;讲台pocket n. 衣袋n. 袖珍的policy n. 政策,方针population n. 人口;全体居民positive a. 确定的;积极的possession n. 有,所有;占有物potential a. 潜在的n. 潜力preceding a. 在前的;在先的precious a. 珍贵的,宝贵的precise a. 精确的,准确的predict v. 预言,预告,预测preferable a. 更可取的,更好的prejudice n. 偏见,成见president n. 总统;校长;会长previous a. 先的;前的ad. 在前primary a. 最初的;基本的primitive a. 原始的;粗糙的principal a. 主要的n. 负责人principle n. 原则,原理;主义procedure n. 程序;手续;过程process n. 过程;工序vt. 加工promote vt. 促进,发扬;提升property n. 财产,资产;性质proportion n. 比,比率,部分proposal n. 提议,建议;求婚provided conj. 以…为条件punctual a. 严守时刻的;准时的purchase n. 买,购买vt. 买purpose n. 目的;意图;效果purse n. 钱包,小钱袋,手袋puzzle n. 难题;谜vi. 使迷惑Qquality n. 质量;品质,特性quantity n. 量,数量,分量quit vt. 离开,退出;停止quiz n. 小型考试,测验Rrational a. 理性的;出于理性的realm n. 王国,国土;领域reasonable a. 合情合理的;公道的recognition n. 认出,识别;承认recovery n. 重获;痊愈,恢复reflection n. 反射;映像;反映refresh vt. 使清新vi. 恢复精神refreshment n. 茶点,点心,便餐register n.&vt. 登记,注册rehearsal n. 排练,排演;练习release vt. 释放;放松;发表relevant a. 有关的,贴切的reliable a. 可靠的,可信赖的religious a. 宗教的;虔诚的remedy n.&vt 治疗;补救repeatedly ad. 重复地;一再representative a. 代表性的n. 代表resemble vt. 像,类似residence n. 居住;驻扎;住处resistance n. 抵抗;抵制;抵抗力resolution n. 坚决,坚定;决定responsibility n. 责任,责任心;职责restless a. 不安定的,焦虑的restrict vt. 限制,限定,约束resume vt. 恢复;重新开始revenge vt. 替…报仇n. 报仇rhythm n. 韵律,格律;节奏ridiculous a. 荒谬的,可笑的romantic a. 浪漫的;传奇的roughly ad. 粗糙地,粗略地royal a. 王的;皇家的rumour n. 谣言,谣传,传闻Ssalary n. 薪金,薪水salesman n. 售货员,推销员satellite n. 卫星;人造卫星satisfactory a. 令人满意的,良好的scale n. 天平,磅秤,秤scarcely ad. 仅仅;几乎不schedule n. 时间表;计划表scholarship n. 学业成绩;奖学金scientific a. 科学(上)的secondary a. 第二的;次要的secretary n. 秘书;书记;大臣security n. 安全,安全感senior a. 年长的;地位较高的sensible a. 感觉得到的;明智的sensitive a. 敏感的;灵敏的sequence n. 连续,继续;次序severe a. 严格的;严厉的shadow n. 阴影,阴,影子shallow a. 浅的;浅薄的shelter n. 隐蔽处;掩蔽,庇护shower n. 阵雨;(一)阵;淋浴significance n. 意义,意味;重要性similar a. 相似的,类似的sincere a. 真诚的;真挚的skillful a. 灵巧的,娴熟的slave n. 奴隶;苦工slavery n. 奴隶制度;苦役slogan n. 标语,口号smoke n. 烟;抽烟vi. 冒烟solar a. 太阳的,日光的solemn a. 庄严的;隆重的solid a. 固体的n. 固体sophisticated a. 老于世故的;高级的sorrow n. 悲痛,悲哀,悲伤spacecraft n. 航天器,宇宙飞船span n 跨距;一段时间spare vt. 节约 a. 多余的specialist n. 专家speciality n. 专业,特长;特产speech n. 言语;演说;方言sphere n. 球,圆体;范围splendid a. 壮丽的;显著的sponsor n. 发起者vt. 发起spontaneous a. 自发的;本能的stability n. 稳定,稳定性,巩固statistical a. 统计的,统计学的statue n. 塑像,雕像,铸像stem n. 茎,(树)干vi. 起源stimulate vt. 刺激,激励,激发stomach n. 胃;肚子;食欲strategy n. 战略;策略strawberry n. 草莓stream n. 河;流vi.&vt. 流structure n. 结构;构造vt. 建造submarine a. 水下的n. 潜水艇subsequent a. 随后的,后来的substance n. 物质;实质;本旨succeed vt. 继…之后vi. 成功success n. 成功,成就,胜利suffer vt. 遭受;忍受;容许sufficient a. 足够的,充分的superficial a. 表面的;肤浅的superior a. 较高的;优越的supplement n.&vt. 增补,补充surgeon n. 外科医师;军医surroundings n. 周围的事物,环境suspect vt. 怀疑vi. 疑心suspicion n. 怀疑,疑心,猜疑symbol n. 象征;符号,记号sympathetic a. 同情的;和谐的systematic(al) a. 有系统的;有计划的Ttale n. 故事,传说talent n. 天才;才能;人才temperature n. 温度;体温temple n. 圣堂,神殿,庙宇temporary a. 暂时的,临时的territory n. 领土,版图;领域theoretical a. 理论(上)的throat n. 咽喉,喉咙;嗓音throne n. 宝座,御座;王位thumb n. (大)拇指toast n. 祝酒;祝酒词tobacco n. 烟草,烟叶tolerance n. 忍受,容忍;公差traffic n. 交通,通行;交通量tragedy n. 悲剧;惨事,惨案transparent a. 透明的;易识破的treasure n. 财富;珍宝vt. 珍视treaty n. 条约;协议,协定tremendous a. 极大的,非常的trial n. 试,试验;审判triumph n. 凯旋;胜利vi. 成功tuition n. 教,教诲;学费typical a. 典型的,代表性的typist n. 打字员tyre n. 轮胎,车胎Uultimate a. 最后的,最终的undergo vt. 经历,经受,忍受undertake vt. 从事;承担;保证unique a. 唯一的,独一无二的universal a. 宇宙的;普遍的urgent a. 紧急的;强求的utility n. 效用,有用,实用utmost a. 最远的n. 极限Vvacant a. 空的;未被占用的vacation n. 假期,休假vague a. 模糊的,含糊的vain a. 徒劳的;自负的valid a. 有效的;正当的valuable a. 值钱的;有价值的value n. 价值;价格vt. 评价variety n. 多样化;种类;变种various a. 各种各样的,不同的vary vt. 改变;使多样化vehicle n. 车辆,机动车victim n. 牺牲者,受害者virtue n. 善;美德;优点vocabulary n. 词汇表;词汇,语汇volcano n. 火山voyage n.&vi. 航海,航空Wwagon n. 四轮运货马车waste n. 浪费;废物;垃圾waterfall n. 瀑布wealth n. 财富,财产;丰富wealthy a. 富的,富裕的weapon n. 武器,兵器wedding n. 婚礼Wednesday n. 星期三welfare n. 幸福,福利widespread a. 分布广的,普遍的withdraw vt. 收回;撤回vi. 撤退worship n. 礼拜;崇拜vt. 崇拜worthy a. 有价值的;值得的Yyield vt.&vi. 出产n. 产量youth n. 青春;青年们;青年Zzone n. 地区,区域,范围。

基金委听力考试高频词汇表Aabandonvt.弃;放弃,抛弃abroadad.(在)国外;到absenta.不在的;缺乏的academica.学院的;学的accentn.口音,腔;重音accessn.接近;通道,入口accommodationn.招待;定位accountn.述;解;目accuracyn.准确(性);准确度adequatea.足的;可以任的agencyn.;代理;代理agriculturen.,;学alcoholn.酒精,乙醇alternativen.替物;取舍,抉altituden.高,高度;高ambitionn.雄心,抱,野心ambulancen.救;野医院analysisn.分析,分解,解析ancestorn.祖宗,祖先annuala.每年的n.年applicablea.能用的;适当的architecturen.建筑学;建筑式arrestvt.逮捕,拘留;阻止artificiala.人工的;揉造作的athleten.运;田径运audiencen.听众,众,者authorityn.当局,官方;力automatica.自的;机械的avenuen.林道,道路;大街Bbarriern.,屏障;障碍benchn.凳,条凳;工作台beneficiala.有利的,有益的betrayvt.背叛;辜;泄漏biologyn.生物学;生学blamevt.,把⋯咎于boundaryn.分界,界braken.,刹vi.制branchn.枝;分部;分科brillianta.光的;卓越的Britainn.不列,英国Britisha.不列的,英邦的bronzen.青;青制品butchern.屠夫;屠者Ccabinetn.橱,柜;内cafeterian.自助食堂calendarn.日,;法campaignn.役;运campusn.校园,学校地candidaten.候人;投考者carpentern.木工,木匠cattlen.牛;牲口,家畜certificaten.,件,照challengen.挑;要求,需要circumstancen.情况,条件;境遇citizenn.公民;市民,居民civilizationn.文明,文化;开化climaten.气候;土,地clumsya.笨拙的;愚笨的collapsevi.倒坍;崩,瓦解commerciala.商的;商品化的committeen.委会;全体委comparisonn.比,照;比competenta.有能力的;做的competitionn.争,比complicateda.复的,懂的componentn.成局部;分;件confidencen.信任;信;信心confidentn.确信的,自信的congressn.大会;国会,会consciencen.良心,道德心consequencen.果,后果consideratea.考周到的;体的consumptionn.消耗量;消耗contemporarya.当代的,同代的corporationn.公司,企;社correspondinga.相的;符合的counciln.理事会,委会crisisn.危机;存亡之criticala.决定性的;批的customern.客,主Ddamagevt.害,坏n.害debaten.&vi.争,debtn.,,欠decaden.十年,十年期decenta.正派的;体面的democratica.民主的,民主政体的departmentn.部,司,局,,系desertn.沙漠vt.离弃;擅离despiteprep.不管,不determinationn.决心;决定;确定devisevt.,明digestvt.消化;会n.文摘digitala.数字的,数的diligenta. 勤勉的,勤的disposaln. 掉,理,distincta. 与其他不同的distressn. ,悲;不幸domestica. 本国的;家庭的durationn. 持,持久dwellingn. 住,寓所dynamica. 有活力的;力的Eeconomica.的,学的economyn.;,省effortn.努力;努力的成果electronica.子的embarrassvt.使窘迫,使emotionala.感情的,情的employmentn.工;雇用;使用engagevt.使从事于;聘用enginen.机,引擎;机enormousa.巨大的,大的enthusiasmn.情,心,忱equivalenta.相等的;等量的evaluatevt.价,估⋯的价eventuallyad.于;最后exceedvt.超,;超出excessivea.多的,极度的exclusivelyad.地exhaustvt.使筋疲力尽;用尽exhibitvt.示;列,展experimentala.的,的expertn.家 a.熟的extraordinarya.非同常的,特的extremelyad.极端,极其,非常Ffamiliara.熟悉的;冒昧的farewellint.再会n.告fashionablea.流行的,髦的fatiguen.疲,累favouritea.特受喜的federala.邦的;盟的feen.,酬金;金fertilizern.肥料festivaln.日;音financen.政,金融;源flexiblea.易弯曲的;灵活的flightn.航班;行;逃跑fortunatea.幸运的,幸的foundationn.基;地基;基金frameworkn.框架,构架,构fundamentala.基的,根本的funeraln.葬礼,礼,葬furnituren.家具;装置,Ggaragen. ;加油站garbagen. 垃圾,物,料generousa. 慨的;厚的geniusn. 天才,天,天genuinea. 真的;真正的geographyn. 地理,地理学gratefula. 感谢的;令人愉快的gratitudea. 感谢,感,感恩groceryn. 食品店guiltya. 内疚的;有罪的Hharborn.海港,港口vt.庇harmonyn.合,,和hasten.急速,急忙;草率headquartersn.司令部;部helicoptern.直升机hesitatevi.犹豫,踌躇;模糊honourablea.的;荣耀的horizonn.地平;眼界, humblea.的;地位低下的humida.湿的,湿气重的humorousa.富于幽默的,的Iidenticala.完全相同的;同一的identifyvt.出,,定ignoranta.不知道的;无知的illegala.不合法的,非法的immigrantn.移民a.移民的impactn.影响,作用;冲incomen.收入;收益;款indifferenta.冷漠的;不极的indispensablea.必不可少的,必需的individuala.个的;独特的inferiora.下等的;劣等的influentiala.有影响的;有的initiala.最初的;首的innocenta.清白的,幼稚的instrumentn.器;工具;器intellectualn.知分子 a.智力的intelligencen.智力;理解力;情intimatea.密的;个人的Jjealousa.妒忌的;猜疑的journalistn.者,新工作者junglen.林,密林,莽juniora.年少的n.晚juryn.陪;justicen.正,公正;司法Kkingn.国王,君主kingdomn.王国;域,界nonsensen.胡,Lnoticeablea.而易的;重要的nucleara.原子核的;核心的laboratoryn.室,研究室Olawnn.草地,草坪,草leadershipn.objectivea.客的;无偏的leadinga.指的;最主要的occasionn.合,刻;机legala.法律的;合法的occupationn.占,占据;legendn.,奇officiala.官的;官方的leisuren.空;悠operatorn.操作人,接lengthn.,度;一段opinionn.意,看法,主liablea.易于⋯的;可能的opponentn.手,手;抗者librariann.oppositea.面的n.立物licensen.可;照vt.准optimistica.的;主的liquidn.液体 a.液体的optionn.,liquorn.酒;溶液,液organica.有机体的;器官的literarya.文学(上)的orientala.方的;方国家的logicala.的;符合的originn.起源,由来;出身loyaltyn.忠,忠心outcomen.果,后果,成果luggagen.行李;皮箱,皮包overseasad.海外 a.在海外的luxuryn.奢侈,奢;奢侈品PMpacifica.和平的n.太平洋magnificentn.壮的;的parliamentn.会,国会maintainvt.持;养;修participatevi.参与,参加;分享maintenancen.持,保持;修passengern.乘客,旅客,路人majora.大的n.passionn.激情,情;好majorityn.多数,大多数patienta.忍耐的n.病人manuala.体力的n.手册peacefula.和平的;安静的marvelousa.奇迹般的;了不起的peculiara.特有的;特的mayorn.市performancen.履行;演出;行meadown.草地,牧草地permanenta.永久的,持久的mechanicn.技工,机械,机修工personneln.全体人,全体minusa.的prep.减(去)phenomenonn.象minutea.微的;的philosophern.哲学家miraclen.奇迹,令人惊奇的人physiciann.医生,内科医生miserablea.痛苦的,悲惨的physicistn.物理学家missilen.射物;pilotn.航;行moderatea.温和的;有制的pioneern.拓荒者;先者monitorn.班;器plantationn.种植园;栽植monumentn.念碑;念platformn.平台;站台;台motivatevt.促;鼓励,激pocketn.衣袋n.袖珍的mysteriousa.神秘的;以理解的policyn.政策,方mysteryn.神秘;神秘的事物populationn.人口;全体居民Npositivea.确定的;极的possessionn.有,所有;占有物narrowa.狭的,狭窄的potentiala.潜在的n.潜力nationalityn.国籍;民族,族precedinga.在前的;在先的navaln.海的,的preciousa.珍的,宝的navyn.海precisea.精确的,准确的necessityn.必要性;必然predictv.言,告,性negativea.否认的;消极的preferablea.更可取的,更好的neighbourhoodn.居关系;近prejudicen.偏,成nephewn.侄子,外甥presidentn.;校;会neutrala.中立的;中性的previousa.先的;前的ad.在前primarya.最初的;根本的primitivea.原始的;粗糙的principala.主要的n.人principlen.原,原理;主proceduren.程序;手;程processn.程;工序vt.加工promotevt.促,;提升propertyn.,;性proportionn.比,比率,局部proposaln.提,建;求婚providedconj.以⋯条件punctuala.守刻的;准的purchasen.,vt.purposen.目的;意;效果pursen.包,小袋,手袋puzzlen.;vi.使迷惑Qqualityn.量;品,特性quantityn.量,数量,分量quitvt.离开,退出;停止quizn.小型考,Rrationala.理性的;出于理性的realmn.王国,国土;域reasonablea.合情合理的;公正的recognitionn.出,;承recoveryn.重;痊愈,恢复reflectionn.反射;映像;反映refreshvt.使清新vi.恢复精神refreshmentn.茶点,点心,便餐registern.&vt.登,注册rehearsaln.排,排演; 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国家留学基金委英语统考试卷听力Time: about 40 minutesNumber of questions: 40IMPORTANT:Listen to the instructions first.Write all your answers in the blank spaces on the test booklet.At the end of the listening test, you will be given 10 minutes to transfer your answers to an answer sheet.Do not turn the page until you are told to do so.考点：________________ 考生姓名（汉字）：_______________Section 1Listen to the following talk and fill in the blanks as you listen. You will listen to the talk ONCE only. You now have 60 SECONDS to read questions 1 to 10.Our university is one of the world’s oldest universities and leading academic centres. Its reputation for outstanding academic achievement is known world-wide and reflects the intellectual achievement of its students, as well as the world-class (1) __________ research carried out by the staff of the University and the Colleges.The University is rich in history - its famous Colleges and University buildings (2) __________ visitors from all over the world. But the University’s museums and collections also hold many treasures which give an exciting (3) __________ into some of the scholarly activities, both past and present, of the University’s academics and students.Many of the University’s customs and unusual terminology can be (4) __________ to roots in the early years of the University’s long history. The University is justly famous for its heritage of scholarship, historic role and magnificent (5) __________. This heritage supports one of the world’s most important centres for teaching and research. The collegiate structure gives a strong sense of (6) __________, and the University is determined to remain at the forefront of international scholarship and research.Our university is in the middle of the greatest expansion in its history. Through the generosity of benefactors, the University has been able to (7) __________ a new science and technology campus to the west of the city centre, and is now looking to expand further to the north west of the present campus. The arts and humanities have seen (8) __________ changes in their Sidgwick Site location and expansion in the city centre.Sustaining a world-class university demands investment in new (9) __________, new areas of study, and most importantly, in people; continued fundraising efforts and (10) __________ partnerships will be vital. The University will celebrate its eight hundredth anniversary in 2009, marking the legacy of eight centuries and determined to remain among the world’s greatest universities.You now have 30 SECONDS to check your answers.Section 2Part AYou are going to hear a conversation between a visiting scholar and a university staff member on health insurance. As you listen, complete the following form by writing NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer. You will listen to this part ONCE only.You now have 30 SECONDS to read questions 11 to 15.You now have 30 SECONDS to check your answers.Part BNow listen to the news from BBC World Service. As you listen, write T for the correct statement and F for the incorrect statement. You will listen to the news ONCE only.You now have 30 SECONDS to read questions 16 to 20.16. 67% of the people of Ireland have voted “No” to the Lisbon Treaty.17. Brazil will be the first South American country to host the 2016 Olympic Games.18. China is now playing a more important role than France in the IMF.19. Over a hundred people died in a natural disaster in Samoa.20. Typhoon Parma has killed 4 people in Taiwan.You now have 30 SECONDS to check your answers.Section 3You are going to hear a talk on how to choose a university and its requirements. Listen carefully and then answer the following questions by writing NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer. You will listen to this part TWICE.You now have 60 SECONDS to read questions 21 to 30.21. What should you first consider when you are thinking of studying abroad?22. What does “accredited” mean in the talk?23. What is the advantage of studying in a small university?24. What should you do first to apply to a foreign university?25. What score on the internet-based TOEFL is required?26. For which major is the GRE not required?27. How does the speaker characterize the financial aid?28. How much does a credit hour cost in the year 2009-2010?29. What will be your status if you attend two classes per semester?30. What can you get if you complete 25 credits at graduate level?You now have 60 SECONDS to check your answers.Section 4You are going to hear a lecture on the American economy. As you listen, complete the following statements by writing NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer. You will listen to this part TWICE.You now have 60 SECONDS to read questions 31 to 40.31. The American economy accounts for __________of the world economy.32. The economic freedom enjoyed by the __________ is essential to the American economy.33. __________ have helped shape the US economic growth and unity.34. Before the 1920s, most workers in the US were __________ and __________.35. __________ is important to the American economy’s adaptive capacity.36. General Electric is given as an example of __________ that have helped to shape the American economy.37. The American economy is often affected by __________.38. Nowadays the primary economic concerns in the US are centered on a series of __________.39. According to NBER, from December 2007, the US entered a __________.40. In 2008, measures were taken to __________ and help the economy __________.You now have 60 SECONDS to check your answers.You now have 10 minutes to transfer your answers to the answer sheet.[3 minute light music]The Listening Test for Government sponsored CandidatesJanuary 7, 2010Section 1Listen to the following talk and fill in the blanks as you listen. You will listen to the talk ONCE only.You now have 60 SECONDS to read questions 1 to 10.[pause 60 seconds][tone]Our university is one of the world’s oldest universities and leading academic centres. Its reputation for outstanding academic achievement is known world-wide and reflects theintellectual achievement of its students, as well as the world-class original research carried out by the staff of the University and the Colleges.The University is rich in history - its famous Colleges and University buildings attract visitors from all over the world. But the University’s museums and collections also hold many treasures which give an exciting insight into some of the scholarly activities, both past and present, of the University’s academics and students.Many of the University’s customs and unusual terminology can be traced to roots in the early years of the University’s long history. The University is justly famous for its heritage of scholarship, historic role and magnificent architecture. This heritage supports one of the world’s most important centres for teaching and research. The collegiate structure gives a strong sense of community, and the University is determined to remain at the forefront of international scholarship and research.Our university is in the middle of the greatest expansion in its history. Through the generosity of benefactors, the University has been able to create a new science and technology campus to the west of the city centre, and is now looking to expand further to the north west of the present campus. The arts and humanities have seen dynamic changes in their Sidgwick Site location and expansion in the city centre.Sustaining a world-class university demands investment in new facilities, new areas of study, and most importantly, in people; continued fundraising efforts and innovative partnerships will be vital. The University will celebrate its eight hundredth anniversary in 2009, marking the legacy of eight centuries and determined to remain among the world’s greatest universities.You now have 30 SECONDS to check your answers.[pause 30 seconds]Section 2Part AYou are going to hear a conversation between a visiting scholar and a university staff member on health insurance. As you listen, complete the following form by writing NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer. You will listen to this part ONCE only.You now have 30 SECONDS to read questions 11 to 15.[pause 30 seconds][tone]W: Good morning. Can I help you?M: Good morning. Yes, I’ve got some questions.W: About what?M: About health insurance. The more I read, the more I became confused. I just didn’t know which one to choose.W: Don’t worry. You’re not the first one. What type of visa have you got?M: F1. I’m a full-time visiting scholar at this university. I’ll be here for 12 months.W: Well, the full-time students and scholars here usually choose “Student Secure” plan.M: “Student Secure”? Is that the name of the health insurance?W: Yes. This insurance plan covers the benefits for seeing a doctor, for medicine, for physical check-ups and some other expenses.M: Does this plan have dental or vision?W: I’m afraid not. You have to apply for a separate dental or vision insurance plan.M: I see. How do I apply for this “Student Secure” plan?W: You can apply online through our website and make sure the “online fulfillment” option is selected. Once you have applied online, within a few hours your account will be available online.M: How much shall I pay each month?W: Well, the more you pay, the more benefits you can enjoy, but the minimum is a hundred fifty dollars each months.M: I see. To whom shall I pay? Who is the insurer?W: Lloyds, the largest and oldest insurance market in the world. It’s recognized as a market leader in the accident and health insurance arena.M: How do you spell “Lloyds”?W: Capital L – l – o – y – d – s.M: L – l – o – y – d – s. Is that all?W: Yes.M: By the way, do you happen to know its phone number?W: Yes. The number is 800-5764932.M: 800-5764932. Thank you very much indeed.W: You’re welcome.You now have 30 SECONDS to check your answers.[pause 30 seconds]Part BNow listen to the news from BBC World Service. As you listen, write T for the correct statement and F for the incorrect statement. You will listen to the news ONCE only.You now have 30 SECONDS to read questions 16 to 20.[pause 30 seconds][tone]BBC World Service. Now the headlines.At least 13 people die and more are missing after heavy rain triggers mudslides in Messina in southern Sicily.The people of Ireland have voted by 67% to ratify the Lisbon Treaty which gives the European Union more streamlined powers. They had voted ‘No’ 18 months ago.The Brazilian city of Rio de Janeiro has been chosen to host the 2016 Olympic Games. It will be the first South American city to stage the event. Rio beat the Spanish capital Madrid in a final round of voting by the International Olympic Committee, meeting in Copenhagen. The bookmakers’ favourite, the city of Chicago, for which President Barack Obama and his wife had made an emotional bid, was eliminated in the first round.Speaking at the end of a two-day G20 summit, Mr Obama also outlined plans to give emerging economies a greater say in the global economy. In the past, The IMF has been criticised as being a group of developed countries trying to lay down the law to struggling countries. For example, currently, China wields 3.7% of IMF votes compared with France’s 4.9%, although the Chinese economy is now 50% larger than that of France.The world’s leading nations have agreed “tough new regulations”to prevent another global financial crisis, US President Barack Obama has said. These relate to the amount of money banks have to hold in reserve and to excessive pay for bankers.More bodies have been found in the tsunami-hit islands of Samoa, American Samoa and Tonga. At least 155 people are now known to have died, and the number of dead is expected to rise further as more bodies are recovered.Typhoon Parma kills four in the northern Philippines but spares the flood-hit capital, then sweeps towards Taiwan.You now have 30 SECONDS to check your answers.[pause 30 seconds]Section 3You are going to hear a talk on how to choose a university and its requirements. Listen carefully and then answer the following questions by writing NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer. You will listen to this part TWICE.You now have 60 SECONDS to read questions 21 to 30.[pause 60 seconds][tone]May I have your attention please! Thank you. Toddy I’m going to talk about how to choose the university that’s best for you. And then I’ll answer your questions.To study abroad, the first consideration, in my opinion, is not to decide on the university, but its faculty. You need to find out whether the professors are well-known in your major. Have they published anything? Are they making contributions to the field that you’re interested in studying? Harvard or Oxford may not have the best faculty in your major. So always remember the fame of the faculty is more important than the fame of the university when you choose a university.The second consideration is whether the school is good. Is it accredited? That means, is it approved by a board of experts that are called the accreditation board? Or you may prefer approved by certain authority. Otherwise, even if you get a degree from that school, it will not be considered very worthwhile.The third thing to consider is size. Do you want to be in a very large school, perhaps 40,000 students that has excellent research and library facilities, but you might have to take a bus from one end of the campus to the other? Or, do you want to be in a smaller institution where the library isn’t so big, but maybe you’ll get more individual attention.And last but not least is certainly cost. How much does it cost? Is there any financial aid for international students? Are there opportunities to work on the campus? These are all considerations that you need to think of before you make a choice.Now I’m ready to answer you questions.A: How do I apply to a foreign university?B: You can visit its website first, then download an application form, fill it in and mail it to the university together with your transcripts, recommendation letters, test scores, writing samples, portfolio, and a statement of purpose.A: What are the English language requirements?B: Minimum acceptable scores on the TOEFL exam are 600 for paper-based, 250 for computer-based, or 105 for internet-based. The acceptable minimum for IELTS is a score of 7. A: Is the GRE required for every graduate program?B: The GRE is not required for the MA in Creative Writing. However, it is required for all other master’s and PhD programs.A: Do you have financial aid for international students?B: Financial assistance for international students is available in the form of merit-based awards only. Funding for merit awards is extremely limited, and competition is very high. For thesereasons, students are encouraged to have supplementary funding from organizations or sponsors to cover books, living expenses, and other miscellaneous expenses.A: What is the cost of tuition?B: The cost of tuition for academic year 2008-09 per credit hour was $1,178. The cost of tuition for academic year 2009-10 per credit hour is $1,237.A: What is the difference between full-time study and part-time study?B: A course-load of 9 credits, that is to say you attend 3 classes or more per semester, is considered full-time study at the graduate. Part time study is 6 credits, that is to say you attend 2 classes or fewer per semester.A: How long will it take me to complete my program?B: That depends. Master’s degrees require between 30 and 57 credits; PhDs require 72 credits; and graduate certificates require between 15 and 30 credits. If you are attending graduate school full time, you will probably take 9 credits a semester. If you take fewer than 9 credits a semester, it will take longer to complete the degree requirements. [pause 2 seconds]Now, you will hear the talk for the second time.You now have 60 SECONDS to check your answers.[pause 60 seconds]Section 4You are going to hear a lecture on American economy. As you listen, complete the following statements by writing NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer. You will listen to this part TWICE.You now have 60 SECONDS to read questions 31 to 40.[pause 60 seconds][tone]My topic today is the economy of the United States. As you might know, the United States has the largest and most technologically powerful economy in the world. Its nominal gross domestic product (GDP) was $14.4 trillion in 2008, which is about three times that of the world’s second largest economy, Japan. The U.S. economy maintains a very high level of output per person. Its GDP per capita was $47,422 in 2008, ranked at around number ten in the world. For about 230 years since its founding in 1776, the United States has grown into a huge, integrated, industrialized economy that makes up over a quarter of the world economy.There’re many causes for the development of U.S. economy. A central feature of the U.S. economy is the economic freedom afforded to the private sector by allowing the private sector to make the majority of economic decisions in determining the direction and scale of what the U.S. economy produces. This is enhanced by relatively low levels of regulation and government involvement, as well as a court system that generally protects property rights and enforces contracts.The United States is rich in mineral resources and fertile farm soil, and it is fortunate to have a moderate climate. It also has extensive coastlines on both the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans, as well as on the Gulf of Mexico. Rivers flow from far within the continent, and the Great Lakes — five large, inland lakes along the U.S. border with Canada —provide additional shipping access. These extensive waterways have helped shape the country’s economic growth over the years and helped bind America’s 50 individual states together in a single eco nomic unit.The number of workers and, more importantly, their productivity help determine the health of the U.S. economy. Throughout its history, the United States has experienced steady growth in the labor force, a phenomenon that is both cause and effect of almost constant economic expansion. Until shortly after World War I, most workers were immigrants from Europe, or slaves from Africa, or their descendants. Beginning in the early 20th century, many Latin Americans immigrated; followed by large numbers of Asians following removal of nation-origin based immigration quotas. The promise of high wages brings many highly skilled workers from around the world to the United States.Labor mobility has also been important to the capacity of the American economy to adapt to changing conditions. When immigrants flooded labor markets on the East Coast, many workers moved inland, often to farmland waiting to be tilled. Similarly, economic opportunities in industrial, northern cities attracted black Americans from southern farms in the first half of the 20th century.In the United States, the corporation has emerged as an association of owners, known as stockholders, who form a business enterprise governed by a complex set of rules and customs. Brought on by the process of mass production, corporations, such as General Electric, have been instrumental in shaping the United States. Through the stock market, American banks and investors have grown their economy by investing and withdrawing capital from profitable corporations. Today in the era of globalization American investors and corporations have influence all over the world. The American government has also been instrumental in investing in the economy, in areas such as providing cheap electricity and military contracts in times of war. However, the 1973 to 1975 period of oil shocks marked the recession of its economy, when GDP fell by 3.1 percent, followed by the 1981 to 1982 recession, when GDP dropped by 2.9 percent. The war with Iraq in 2003 required major shifts in national resources to the military, which hadsome impact on overall GDP growth. Soaring oil prices between 2005 and the first half of 2008 threatened inflation and unemployment. This is because imported oil accounts for about two-thirds of US consumption.In recent years, the primary economic concerns have centered on: high household debt ($14 trillion), high national debt ($9 trillion), high mortgage debt (over $10 trillion), and high external debt (money owed to foreign lenders). The global economic downturn, the sub-prime mortgage crisis, investment bank failures, falling home prices, and tight credit pushed the United States into a recession.On December 1, 2008, the National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER) declared that the United States entered a recession in December 2007.To help stabilize financial markets, the US Congress established a $700 billion Troubled Asset Relief Program (TARP) in October 2008. The government used some of these funds to purchase equity in US banks and other industrial corporations. In January 2009 the US Congress passed and President Barack OBAMA signed a bill providing an additional $787 billion fiscal stimulus - two-thirds on additional spending and one-third on tax cuts - to create jobs and to help the economy recover.[pause 2 seconds]Now, you will hear the lecture for the second time.You now have 60 SECONDS to check your answers.[pause 60 seconds]You now have 10 minutes to transfer your answers to the answer sheet.[pause 10 minutes]word格式-可编辑-感谢下载支持THAT IS THE END OF THE LISTENING TEST.[15 second light music]Key1.original2.attract3.insight4.traced5.architecturemunity7.create8.dynamic9.facilities10.innovative11.Student Secure12.online13.$15014.Lloyds15.800-576493216.F17.T18.F19.T20.F21.fame of faculty/faculty fame22.approved by experts/authority23.more individual attention24.visit the website 25.10526.Creative Writing27.extremely limited/highcompetition28.$123729.part-time student30.graduate certificates31.over a quarter32.private sector33.Extensive waterways34.immigrants, slavesbor mobility36.corporations/companies37.oil prices38.high debts39.recession40.create jobs, recover。