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Dynamic balance and overspeed test procedures and technical requirements1. Introduction1.1 Definition of dynamic balance and overspeed test1.2 Importance of dynamic balance and overspeed test in engineering1.3 Overview of the article2. The significance of dynamic balance and overspeed test2.1 How dynamic balance affects the performance of machinery2.2 The potential risks of unbalanced machinery2.3 The role of overspeed test in ensuring safety and reliability3. Guidelines and standards for dynamic balance and overspeed test procedures3.1 International standards for dynamic balance and overspeed test3.2 Common technical requirements in dynamic balance and overspeed test procedures3.3 Importance of following guidelines and standards4. Techniques and equipment for dynamic balance and overspeed test4.1 Introduction to dynamic balance and overspeed test equipment4.2 The principles and methods of dynamic balance and overspeed test4.3 The latest advancements in dynamic balance and overspeed test technology5. Case studies and practical application5.1 Real-life examples of dynamic balance and overspeed test in various industries5.2 Benefits and challenges of implementing dynamic balance and overspeed test procedures5.3 How dynamic balance and overspeed test contribute to the overall performance and safety of machinery6. Conclusion6.1 Summary of the key points discussed in the article6.2 Personal perspective on the importance of dynamic balance and overspeed test6.3 Final thoughts on the future development of dynamic balance and overspeed test technologyIn conclusion, dynamic balance and overspeed test play a critical role in ensuring the performance, safety, and reliability of machinery in various industries. By following the guidelines and standards, applying the latest techniques and equipment, and learning from real-life case studies, engineers can enhance their understanding and application of dynamic balance and overspeed test procedures. As technology continues to advance, it is essential to stay updated with the latest developments and continuously improve the dynamic balance and overspeed test processes. Only by doing so can we guarantee the optimal performance and safety of machinery in the ever-evolving industrial landscape.。
SMTC电子电器零件/系统电磁兼容测试规范General specification for electrical/electronic components and subsystems, electromagnetic compatibility目次/Contents前言Forword (II)1 范围Scope (1)2 规范性引用文件Normative reference (1)3 术语及定义T erm and definition (2)4 一般测试要求Common test requirements (5)4.1 测试夹具Test fixture (5)4.2 人工网络Artifical networks (7)4.3 连接要求Interconnections (7)4.4 测试条件Test conditions (7)4.5 测试负载Load (8)4.6 测试线束Test harness (8)5 补充要求Additional Requirements (8)5.1 功能重要性分类/性能要求Functional importance classification/Performance Requirements (8)5.2 EMC测试计划EMC T est plan (9)5.3 样件数量Sample size (9)5.4 测试顺序Sequence of test (9)5.5 复测Re-validation (9)5.6 测试实验室要求T est laboratory requirements (9)5.7 测试报告Test report (10)6 应用要求Application requirement (10)7 零件、系统要求System/Component Test requirement (11)7.1 骚扰Interference (11)7.1.1 辐射发射Radiated RF Emission (11)7.1.2 传导发射Conducted Emission (18)7.1.3 瞬态传导发射Conducted Transient Emission (21)7.2 抗干扰测试Immunity test (24)7.2.1 射频抗干扰测试-半电波暗室法RF Immunity-ALSE (24)7.2.2 射频抗干扰测试-大电流注入法RF Immunity-BCI (26)7.2.3 磁场抗干扰Magnetic Field Immunity (29)7.3 瞬态抗干扰Transient immunity (34)7.3.1 耦合传导抗干扰Couple/Inductive Transient Immunity (34)7.3.2 瞬态传导抗干扰Conducted transient Immunity (36)7.4 传导抗干扰Conducted immunity (37)7.4.1 连续抗干扰测试Continuous Immunity (37)7.4.2 起动抗扰测试Starting Immunity (39)7.4.3 供电电压和地偏移Ground and supply Offset (40)7.4.4 电压跌落Voltage Drop (41)7.4.5 静电放电抗干扰ESD (41)8 试验文件Test document (44)附录A产品功能重要性划分示例Annex A FUNCTIONAL IMPORTANCE CLASSIFICATION EXAMPLES (44)前言本标准是对SMTC 3 800 006—2011（V1）《电子电器零件/系统电磁兼容测试规范》的修订,自本标准实施之日起废除SMTC 3 800 006—2011（V1）。
纺织品国家标准中英对照Textile National Standards Comparison between Chinese and English。
In the textile industry, national standards play a crucial role in ensuring the quality and safety of products. These standards provide a set of guidelines and requirements that manufacturers must adhere to in order to meet the expectations of consumers and regulatory bodies. In this document, we will compare the Chinese and English versions of some key textile national standards, highlighting the differences and similarities between the two languages.1. GB/T 2910-2009 Textiles Quantitative chemical analysis。
This standard specifies the general principles for the quantitative chemical analysis of textiles. It covers methods for the determination of the content of certain chemical elements and compounds, as well as the calculation of the results. The English version of this standard closely mirrors the Chinese version in terms of content and structure, with minor variations in terminology and formatting.2. GB/T 2912.1-2009 Textiles Determination of formaldehyde Part 1: Free and hydrolyzed formaldehyde (water extraction method)。
ICS 91.100.30 CCS Q 13镍铁渣粉混凝土技术规程Technical code for application of ferronickel slag powder in concrete（征求意见稿）T/CBMF XX —202X T/CCPA XX —202X中国建筑材料协会标准XXXX - XX - XX 发布XXXX - XX - XX 实施中国建筑材料联合会发布CBMF版权保护文件本标准适用于工业与民用建筑中将高炉镍铁渣粉或电炉镍铁渣粉作为矿物掺合料使用的混凝土的应用。
请注意本标准的某些内容可能涉及专利。
本标准发布机构不承担识别这些专利的责任。
本标准版权所有归属于该标准的发布机构。
除非有其他规定，否则未得许可，此发行物及其中章节不得以其他形式或任何手段进行生产和使用，包括电子版、影印件，或发布在互联网及内部网络等。
使用许可可于发布机构获取。
目次前言 (Ⅲ)1总则 (1)2 术语和符号 (2)2.1 术语 (2)2.2 符号 (2)3 基本规定 (3)4 镍铁渣粉的检验和验收 (4)4.1 一般规定与检验方法 (4)4.2 交货与验收 (4)5 镍铁渣粉混凝土的配合比设计 (5)5.1 材料要求 (5)5.2 配合比设计 (5)6 镍铁渣粉混凝土的制备与施工 (6)6.1 镍铁渣粉混凝土的制备 (6)6.2 镍铁渣粉混凝土的施工 (6)7 镍铁渣粉混凝土质量检验评定 (7)本规程用词说明 (8)引用标准名录 (9)ContentsForeword (Ⅲ)1General Provisions (1)2Terms and Symbols (2)2.1Terms (2)2.2Symbols (2)3Basic Requirements (3)4Quality Inspection and Acceptance of Ferronickel Slag Powder (4)4.1General Requirements and Test Methods (4)4.2Delivery and Acceptance (4)5Design of Ferronickel Slag Powder Concrete (5)5.1Technical Requirements of Materials (5)5.2Design of Mix Proportion (5)6Preparation and Construction of Ferronickel Slag Powder Concrete (6)6.1Preparation of Ferronickel Slag Powder Concrete (6)6.2Construction of Ferronickel Slag Powder Concrete (6)7Quality Inspection and Assessment of Ferronickel Slag Powder Concrete (7)Explanation of Wording in This Specification (8)List of Quoted Standards (9)前言根据中国建筑材料联合会《关于下达2020年第七批协会标准制定计划的通知》（中建材联标发[2020]50号）和中国混凝土与水泥制品协会《关于下达2020年中国混凝土与水泥制品协会标准制定计划（第一批）的通知》（中制协字[2020]15号）计划号2020-70-xbjh的要求，标准编制组经广泛调查研究，认真总结实践经验，参考国内外相关标准，并在广泛征求意见的基础上，制定了本规程。
工程建设行业标准Specification for design and construction of fabricated board civil building structures 〖JGJ2-79〗工业厂房墙板设计与施工规程Specification for design and construction of factory building wall panels 〖JGJ3-2020〗高层建筑混凝土结构技术规程Technical specification for concrete structures of tall building〖JGJ6-2020〗高层建筑筏形与箱形基础技术规范Technical code for tall building raft foundations and box foundations〖JGJ7-2020〗空间网格结构技术规程Technical specification for space frame structures〖JGJ8-2007〗建筑变形测量规范Code for deformation measurement of building and structure〖JGJ/T10-2020〗混凝土泵送施工技术规程Technical specification for construction of concrete pumping〖JGJ12-2006〗轻骨料混凝土结构技术规程Technical Specification for lightweight aggregate concrete structures〖JGJ/T13-94〗设置钢筋混凝土构造柱多层砖房抗震技术规程Aseismic technical specification for multi-storey masonry building with reinforced concrete tie columns〖JGJ/T14-2020〗混凝土小型空心砌块建筑技术规程Technical specification for concrete small-sized hollow block masonry building 〖JGJ/T15-2020〗早期推定混凝土强度试验方法标准Standard for test method of early estimating compressive strength of concrete 〖JGJ16-2020〗民用建筑电气设计规范Code for electrical design of civil buildings〖JGJ/T17-2020〗蒸压加气混凝土建筑应用技术规程Technical specification for application of autoclaved aerocrete〖JGJ18-2021〗钢筋焊接及验收规程Specification for welding and acceptance of reinforcing steel bars〖JGJ19-2020〗冷拔低碳钢丝应用技术规程Technical specification for application or cold-drawn low-carbon wires〖JGJ/T21-93〗V形折板屋盖设计与施工规程Specification for design and construction of V-style recurved roof cover 〖JGJ22-2021〗钢筋混凝土薄壳结构设计规程Specification for design of reinforced concrete shell structures〖JGJ/T23-2020〗回弹法检测混凝土抗压强度技术规程Technical specification for inspection of concrete compressive strength by rebound method〖JGJ24-86〗民用建筑热工设计规程Specification for thermotic design of civil building〖JGJ25-2020〗档案馆建筑设计规范Code for design of archives buildings〖JGJ26-2020〗严寒和冰冷地区居住建筑节能设计标准Design standard for energy efficiency of residential buildings in severe cold and cold zones〖JGJ/T27-2001〗钢筋焊接接头试验方法标准Standard for test method of welded joint of stell bars〖JGJ/T29-2003〗建筑涂饰工程施工及验收规程Specification for construction and acceptance of building surface decoration 〖JGJ/T30-2003〗房地产业差不多术语标准Standard of basic terminology for real estate industry〖JGJ31-2003〗体育建筑设计规范Design code for sports building〖JGJ33-2021〗建筑机械使用安全技术规程Technical specification for safety operation of constructional machinery〖JGJ35-87〗建筑气象参数标准Standard for parameter of construction atmosphere〖JGJ36-2005〗宿舍建筑设计规范Code for design of dormitory buildings〖JGJ38-99〗图书馆建筑设计规范Code for design of library buildings〖JGJ39-87〗托儿所、幼儿园建筑设计规范Code for design of nursery and infant school buildings〖JGJ40-87〗疗养院建筑设计规范Code for design of sanatorium buildings〖JGJ41-87〗文化馆建筑设计规范Code for design of cultural center buildings〖JGJ46-2005〗施工现场临时用电安全技术规范Technical code for safety of temporary electrification on construction Site 〖JGJ48-88〗商店建筑设计规范Code for design of Store Buildings〖JGJ49-88〗综合医院建筑设计规范Code for design of polyclinic buildings〖JGJ51-2002〗轻骨料混凝土技术规程Technical specification of lightweight aggregate concrete〖JGJ52-2006〗一般混凝土用砂、石质量及检验方法标准Standard for technical requirements and test methods of sand and crushed stone (or gravel)for ordinary concrete〖JGJ53-92〗一般混凝土用碎石和卵石质量标准及检验方法Technical requirements and test methods of gravel and crushed stone for ordinary concrete〖JGJ/T53-2020〗房屋渗漏修缮技术规程Technical specification for repairing water seepage of building〖JGJ55-2020〗一般混凝土配合比设计规程specification for mix proportion design of ordinary concrete〖JGJ57-2000〗剧场建筑设计规范Design code for theater〖JGJ58-2020〗电影院建筑设计规范Code for architectural design of cinema〖JGJ59-2020〗建筑施工安全检查标准Standard for construction safety inspection〖JGJ/T60-2021〗交通客运站建筑设计规范Code for design of passenger transportation building〖JGJ62-90〗旅社建筑设计规范Code for design of hotel buildings〖JGJ63-2006〗混凝土用水标准Standard of Water for Concrete〖JGJ64-89〗饮食建筑设计规范Code for design of dietetic buildings〖JGJ65-89〗液压滑动模板施工安全技术规程Technical specification for safety construction of hydraulic removable formworks 〖JGJ66-91〗博物馆建筑设计规范Code for design of museums〖JGJ67-2006〗办公建筑设计规范Design code for office building〖JGJ69-90〗PY型预钻式旁压试验规程Specification for side-pressure test of type TY predrill〖JGJ/T70-2020〗建筑砂浆差不多性能试验方法标准Standard for test method of basic properties of construction mortar〖JGJ72-2004〗高层建筑岩土工程勘察规程Specification for geotechnical investigation of tall buildings〖JGJ74-2003〗建筑工程大模板技术规程Technical specification for large-area formwork building construction〖JGJ75-2021〗夏热冬暖地区居住建筑节能设计标准Design standard for energy efficiency of residential buildings in hot summer and warm winter zone〖JGJ76-2003〗专门教育学校建筑设计规范Code for design of special education schools〖JGJ/T77-2020〗施工企业安全生产评判标准Standard for the work safety assesment of construction company〖JGJ79-2021〗建筑地基处理技术规范Technical code for ground treatment of buildings〖JGJ80-91〗建筑施工高处作业安全技术规范Technical Code for safety of high altitude operation of building construction 〖JGJ81-2002〗建筑钢结构焊接技术规程Technical Specification for welding of steel structure building〖JGJ82-2020〗钢结构高强度螺栓连接技术规程Technical specification for high strength bolt connections of steel structures 〖JGJ83-2020〗软土地区岩土工程勘察规程Specification for geotechnical investigation in soft clay area〖JGJ84-92〗建筑岩土工程勘察差不多术语标准Standard for basic terms of geotechnical engineering investigation of buildings 〖JGJ85-2020〗预应力筋用锚具、夹具和连接器应用技术规程Technical specification for application of anchorage,grip and coupler for prestressing tendons〖JGJ/T87-2021〗建筑工程地质勘探与取样技术规程Technical specification for engineering gelogical prospecting and sampling of constructions〖JGJ88-2020〗龙门架及井架物料提升机安全技术规范Technical code for safety of gantry frame and headframe hoisters〖JGJ91-83〗科学实验建筑设计规范Design code for scientific experiment buildings〖JGJ/T92-2004〗无粘结预应力混凝土结构技术规程Technical specification for concrete strutures prestressed with unbounded tendons 〖JGJ94-2020〗建筑桩基技术规范Technical code for building pile foundations〖JGJ95-2020〗冷轧带肋钢筋混凝土结构技术规程Technical specification for concrete structures with cold-rolled ribbed steel wires and bars〖JGJ96-2020〗钢框胶合板模板技术规程Technical specification for plywood form with steel frame〖JGJ/T97-2020〗工程抗震术语标准Standard for terminology in earthquake engineering〖JGJ/T98-2020〗砌筑砂浆配合比设计规程Specification for mix proportion design of masonry mortar〖JGJ99-98〗高层民用建筑钢结构技术规程Technical specification for steel structure of tall buildings〖JGJ100-98〗汽车库建筑设计规范Design code for garage〖JGJ101-96〗建筑抗震试验方法规程Specification of testing methods for earthquake resistant building〖JGJ102-2003〗玻璃幕墙工程技术规范Technical code for glass curtain wall engineering〖JGJ103-2020〗塑料门窗工程技术规程Technical specification for PVC-U doors and windows engineering〖JGJ/T104-2020〗建筑工程冬期施工规程Specification for winter construction of building engineering〖JGJ/T105-2020〗机械喷涂抹灰施工规程Specification for construction of plastering by mortar spraying〖JGJ106-2003〗建筑基桩检测技术规范Technical code for testing of building foundation piles〖JGJ107-2020〗钢筋机械连接技术规程Technical specification for mechanical splicing of steel reinforcing bars 〖JGJ110-2020〗建筑工程饰面砖粘结强度检验标准Testing standard for adhesive strength of tapestry brick of construction engineering 〖JGJ/T111-98〗建筑与市政降水工程技术规范Technical code for groundwater lowering engineering of building ad municipal 〖JGJ113-2020〗建筑玻璃应用技术规程Technical specification for application of architecural glass〖JGJ114-2003〗钢筋焊接网混凝土结构技术规程Technical specification for concrete structures reinforced with welded steel fabrics 〖JGJ115-2006〗冷轧扭钢筋混凝土构件技术规程Technical specification for concrete structural element with cold-rolled and twisted bars〖JGJ116-2020〗建筑抗震加固技术规程Technical specification for seismic strengthening of buildings〖JGJ117-98〗民用建筑修缮工程查勘与设计规程Specification for engineering examination and design of repairing civil architecture 〖JGJ118-2020〗冻土地区建筑地基基础设计规范Code for design of soil and foundation of buildings in frozen soil region〖JGJ/T119-2020〗建筑照明术语标准Standard for terminology of architectural lighting〖JGJ120-2021〗建筑基坑支护技术规程Technical specification for retaining and protection of building foundation excavations 〖JGJ/T121-99〗工程网络打算技术规程Technical specification for engineering network planning〖JGJ122-99〗老年人建筑设计规范Code for design of buildings for elderly persons〖JGJ123-2021〗既有建筑地基基础加固技术规范Technical code for improvement of soil and foundation of existing buildings 〖JGJ124-99〗殡仪馆建筑设计规范Code for design of funeral parlor's buildings〖JGJ125-99〔2004年版〕〗危险屋鉴定标准〔2004年版〕Standard of dangerous building appraisal〖JGJ126-2000〗外墙饰面砖工程施工及验收规程Specification for construction and accptance of tapestry brick work for exterior wall 〖JGJ127-2000〗看管所建筑设计规范(内部发行〕Code for design of detention houses〖JGJ128-2020〗建筑施工门式钢管脚手架安全技术规范Technical code for safety of frame scaffoldings with steel tubules in construction 〖JGJ/T129-2021〗既有居住建筑节能改造技术规程Technical specification for energy efficiency retrofitting of existing residential buildings〖JGJ130-2020〗建筑施工扣件式钢管脚手架安全技术规范Technical code for safety of steel tubular scaffold with couplers in construction 〖JGJ/T131-2021〗体育场馆声学设计及测量规程Specification for acoustical design and measurement of gymnasium and stadium 〖JGJ/T132-2020〗居住建筑节能检测标准Standard for energy efficiency test of residential buildings〖JGJ133-2001〗金属与石材幕墙工程技术规范Technical code for metal and stone curtain walls engineering〖JGJ134-2020〗夏热冬冷地区居住建筑节能设计标准Design standard for energy efficiency of residential buildings in hot summer and cold winter zone〖JGJ135-2007〗载体桩设计规程Specification for design of ram-compaction piles with composite bearing base 〖JGJ/T136-2001〗贯入法检测砌筑砂浆抗压强度技术规程Technical specification for testing compressive strength of masonry mortar by penetration resistance method〖JGJ137-2001〗多孔砖砌体结构技术规范Technical code for perforated brick masonry structures〖JGJ138-2001〗型钢混凝土组合结构技术规程Technical specification for steel reinforced concrete composite structures 〖JGJ/T139-2001〗玻璃幕墙工程质量检验标准Standard for testing of engineering quality of glass curtain walls〖JGJ140-2004〗预应力混凝土结构抗震设计规程Specification for seismic design of prestressed concrete structures〖JGJ141-2004〗通风管道技术规程Technical specification of air duct〖JGJ142-2021〗辐射供暖供冷技术规程Technical specification for radiant heating and cooling〖JGJ/T143-2004〗多道瞬态面波勘察技术规程Technical specification for multi-channel transient surface wave investigation 〖JGJ144-2004〗外墙外保温工程技术规程Technical specification for external thermal insulation on walls〖JGJ145-2004〗混凝土结构后锚固技术规程Technical specification for post-installed fastenings in concrete structures 〖JGJ146-2004〗建筑施工现场环境与卫生标准Standard of environment and sanitation of construction site〖JGJ147-2004〗建筑拆除工程安全技术规范Technical code for safety of demolishing and removing of buildings〖JGJ149-2006〗混凝土异形柱结构技术规程Technical specification for concrete structures with specially shaped columns〖JGJ150-2020〗擦窗机安装工程质量验收规程Specification for construction and acceptance of installation of permanently installed suspended access equipment〖JGJ/T151-2020〗建筑门窗玻璃幕墙热工运算规程Calculation specification for thermal performance of windows,doors and glass curtain-walls〖JGJ/T152-2020〗混凝土中钢筋检测技术规程Technical specification for test of reinforcing steel bar in concrete〖JGJ153-2007〗体育场馆照明设计及检测标准Standard for lighting design and test of sports venues〖JGJ154-2007〗民用建筑能耗数据采集标准Standard for energy consumption survey of civil buildings〖JGJ155-2007〗种植屋面工程技术规程Technical specification for planted roof〖JGJ156-2020〗镇(乡)村文化中心建筑设计规范Code for design of cultural centen buildings in towns and villages〖JGJ/T157-2020〗建筑轻质条板隔墙技术规程Technical specification of light longish panel partition walls in buildings 〖JGJ158-2020〗蓄冷空调工程技术规程Technical specification for cool storage air-conditioning system〖JGJ159-2020〗古建筑修建工程施工与质量验收规范〖JGJ160－2020〗施工现场机械设备检查技术规程Technical specification for inspection of machinery and equipment on construction site〖JGJ161-2020〗镇(乡)村建筑抗震技术规程Seismic technical specification for building construction in town and village 〖JGJ162-2020〗建筑施工模板安全技术规范Technical code for safety of forms in constructuon〖JGJ/T163-2020〗都市夜景照明设计规范Code for lighting design of urban nightscape〖JGJ164-2020〗建筑施工木脚手架安全技术规范Technical code for safety of wooden scaffold in construction〖JGJ165-2020〗地下建筑工程逆作法技术规程Technical specification for top-down construction method of underground buildings 〖JGJ166-2020〗建筑施工碗扣式钢管脚手架安全技术规范Technical code for safety of cuplok steel tubular scaffolding in construction 〖JGJ167-2020〗湿陷性黄土地区建筑基坑工程安全技术规程Technical specifications for safe retaining and protection of building foundation excavation engineering in collapsible loess regions〖JGJ168-2020〗建筑外墙清洗爱护技术规程Technical specification for cleaning maintenance of building external wall 〖JGJ169-2020〗清水混凝土应用技术规程Technical specification for fair-faced concrete construction〖JGJ/T170-2020〗都市轨道交通引起建筑物振动与二次辐射噪声限值及其测量方法标准Standard for limit and measuring method of building vibration and secondary noise caused by rail transit〖JGJ171-2020〗三岔双向挤扩灌注桩设计规程Design specification for cast-in-place piles with expanded branches and bells by 3-way extruding arms〖JGJ/T172-2021〗建筑陶瓷薄板应用技术规程Technical specification for application of building ceramic sheet board 〖JGJ173-2020〗供热计量技术规程Technical specification for heat metering of district heating system 〖JGJ174-2020〗多联机空调系统工程技术规程Technical specification for multi-connected split air condition system 〖JGJ/T175-2020〗自流平地面工程技术规程Technical specification of self-leveling flooring construction〖JGJ176-2020〗公共建筑节能改造技术规范Technical code for the retrofitting of public building on energy efficiency 〖JGJ/T177-2020〗公共建筑节能检测标准Standard for energy efficiency test of public buildings〖JGJ/T178-2020〗补偿收缩混凝土应用技术规程〖JGJ/T179-2020〗体育建筑智能化系统工程技术规程Technical specification for intelligent system engineering of sports building 〖JGJ180-2020〗建筑施工土石方工程安全技术规范Technical code for safety in earthwork of building construction〖JGJ/T181-2020〗房屋建筑与市政基础设施工程检测分类标准Classification standard of test for building and municipal engineering 〖JGJ/T182-2020〗锚杆锚固质量无损检测技术规程Technical specification for nondestructive testing of rock bolt system 〖JGJ183-2020〗液压升降整体脚手架安全技术规程Technical specification for safety of hydraulic lifting integral scaffold 〖JGJ184-2020〗建筑施工作业劳动防护用品配备及使用标准Standard for outfit and used of labour protection articles on construction site 〖JGJ/T185-2020〗建筑工程资料治理规程Specification for building engineering document management〖JGJ/T186-2020〗逆作复合桩基技术规程Technical specification for composite pile foundation with top-down method〖JGJ/T187-2020〗塔式起重机混凝土基础工程技术规程Technical specification for concrete foundation engineering of tower cranes〖JGJ/T188-2020〗施工现场临时建筑物技术规范Technical code of temporary building of construction site〖JGJ/T189-2020〗建筑起重机械安全评估技术规程Technical specification for safety assessment of building crane on construction site〖JGJ190-2020〗建筑工程检测试验技术治理规范Code for technical management of building engineering inspection and testing〖JGJ/T191-2020〗建筑材料术语标准Standard for terminology of building materials〖JGJ/T192-2020〗钢筋阻锈剂应用技术规程Technical specification for application of corrosion inhibitor for steel bar〖JGJ/T193-2020〗混凝土耐久性检验评定标准Standard for inspection and assessment of concrete durability〖JGJ/T194-2020〗钢管满堂支架预压技术规程Technical specification for preloading in full scaffold construction〖JGJ195-2020〗液压爬升模板工程技术规程Technical specification for the hydraulic climbing formwork engineering〖JGJ196-2020〗建筑施工塔式起重机安装、使用、拆卸安全技术规程Technical specification for safety installation operation and dismantlement of tower crane in construction〖JGJ/T197-2020〗混凝土预制拼装塔机基础技术规程Technical specification for prefabricated concrete block assembled base of tower crane〖JGJ/T198-2020〗施工企业工程建设技术标准化治理规范Code for management of technical standardization of project construction of construction enterprises〖JGJ/T199-2020〗型钢水泥土搅拌墙技术规程Technical specification for soil mixed wall〖JGJ/T200-2020〗喷涂聚脲防水工程技术规程Technical specification for spray polyurea waterproofing〖JGJ/T201-2020〗石膏砌块砌体技术规程Technical specification for gypsum bloch masonry〖JGJ202-2020〗建筑施工工具式脚手架安全技术规范Technical code for safety of implementation scaffold practice in construction 〖JGJ203-2020〗民用建筑太阳能光伏系统应用技术规范Technical code for application of solar photovoltaic system of civil buildings 〖JGJ/T204-2020〗建筑施工企业治理基础数据标准Standard for basic data of construction enterprise management〖JGJ/T205-2020〗建筑门窗工程检测技术规程Technical specification for inspection of building doors and windows 〖JGJ206-2020〗海砂混凝土应用技术规范Technical code for application of sea sand concrete〖JGJ/T207-2020〗装配箱混凝土空心楼盖结构技术规程Technical specification for assembly box concrete hollow floor structure 〖JGJ/T208-2020〗后锚固法检测混凝土抗压强度技术规程Technical specification for inspection of concrete compressive strength by post-installed adhesive anchorage method〖JGJ209-2020〗轻型钢结构住宅技术规程Technical specification for lightweight residential buildings of steel structure 〖JGJ/T210-2020〗刚—柔性桩复合地基技术规程Technical specification for rigid-flexible pile composite foundation〖JGJ/T211-2020〗建筑工程水泥—水玻璃双液注浆技术规程Technical specification for cement-silicate grouting in building engineering 〖JGJ/T212-2020〗地下工程渗漏治理技术规程Technical specification for remedial waterproofing of the underground works 〖JGJ/T213-2020〗现浇混凝土大直径管桩复合地基技术规程Technical specification for composite foundation of cast-in-place concrete large-diameter pipe pile〖JGJ214-2020〗铝合金门窗工程技术规范Technical code for aluminum alloy window and door engineering〖JGJ215-2020〗建筑施工升降机安装、使用、拆卸安全技术规程Technical specification for safety of installation，use and disassembly of building hoist in construction〖JGJ/T216-2020〗铝合金结构工程施工规程Specification for construction of aluminium structures〖JGJ217-2020〗纤维石膏空心大板复合墙体结构技术规程Technical specification for composite wall structures with glass fiber reinforced gypsum panels〖JGJ218-2020〗展览建筑设计规范Design code for exhibition building〖JGJ/T219-2020〗混凝土结构用钢筋间隔件应用技术规程Technical specification for application of reinforcement spacings used in concrete structures〖JGJ/T220-2020〗抹灰砂浆技术规程Technical specification for plasting mortar〖JGJ/T221-2020〗纤维混凝土应用技术规程Technical specification for application of fiber reinforced concrete〖JGJ/T222-2020〗建筑工程可连续性评判标准Standard for sustainability assessment of building project〖JGJ/T223-2020〗预拌砂浆应用技术规程Technical specification for application of ready-mixed mortar〖JGJ224-2020〗预制预应力混凝土装配整体式框架结构技术规程Technical specification for framed structures comprised of precast prestressed concrete components〖JGJ/T225-2020〗大直径扩底灌注桩技术规程Technical specification for large-diameter belled cast-in-place pile foundation〖JGJ/T226-2020〗低张拉操纵应力拉索技术规程Technical specification for tension cable of low control stress for tensioning〖JGJ227-2020〗低层冷弯薄壁型钢房屋建筑技术规程Technical specification for low-rise cold-formed thin-walled steel buildings〖JGJ/T228-2020〗植物纤维工业灰渣混凝土砌块建筑技术规程Technical specification for plant fiber-industrial waste slag concrete block masonry buildings〖JGJ/T229-2020〗民用建筑绿色设计规范Code for green design of civil buildings〖JGJ230-2020〗倒置式屋面工程技术规程Technical specification for inversion type roof〖JGJ231-2020〗建筑施工承插型盘扣式钢管支架安全技术规程Technical specification for safety of disk lock steel tubular scaffold in construction〖JGJ232-2020〗矿物绝缘电缆敷设技术规程Technical specification for mineral insulated cable laying〖JGJ/T233-2020〗水泥土配合比设计规程Specification for mix proportion design of cement soil〖JGJ/T234-2020〗择压法检测砌筑砂浆抗压强度技术规程Technical specification for compressive strength of masonry mortar bed testing by selective pressing method〖JGJ/T235-2020〗建筑外墙防水工程技术规程Technical specification for waterproofing of exterior wall of building〖JGJ/T236-2020〗建筑产品信息系统基础数据规范Code for basic data of construction products information system〖JGJ237-2020〗建筑遮阳工程技术规范Technical code for solar shading engineering of buildings〖JGJ/T238-2020〗混凝土基层喷浆处理技术规程Technical specification for interface guniting on concrete base〖JGJ/T239-2020〗建〔构〕筑物移位工程技术规程Technical specification for moving engineering of buildings〖JGJ/T240-2020〗再生骨料应用技术规程Technical specification for application of recycled aggregate〖JGJ/T241-2020〗人工砂混凝土应用技术规程Technical specification for application of manufactured sand concrete〖JGJ242-2020〗住宅建筑电气设计规范Code for electrical design of residential buildings〖JGJ243-2020〗交通建筑电气设计规范Code for electrical design of transportation buildings〖JGJ/T244-2020〗房屋建筑室内装饰装修制图标准Drawing standard for interior decoration and renovation of building〖JGJ/T245-2020〗房屋白蚁预防技术规程Technical specification for termite prevention in buildings〖JGJ/T246-2021〗房屋代码编码标准Standard for house coding〖JGJ247-2020〗冰雪景观建筑技术规程Technical specification for ice and snow landscape building〖JGJ248-2021〗底部框架-抗震墙砌体房屋抗震技术规程Technical specification for earthquake-resistant of masonry buildings with frame and seismic-wall in the lower stories〖JGJ/T249-2020〗拱形钢结构技术规程Technical specification for steel arch structure〖JGJ/T250-2020〗建筑与市政工程施工现场专业人员职业标准Occupational standards for construction site technician or building and municipal engineering〖JGJ/T251-2020〗建筑钢结构防腐蚀技术规程Technical specification for anticorrosion of building steel structure〖JGJ/T252-2020〗房地产市场基础信息数据标准Standard for data of real estate market’s basic information〖JGJ253-2020〗无机轻集料砂浆保温系统技术规程Technical specification for thermal insulating systems of inorganic lightweight aggregate mortar〖JGJ254-2020〗建筑施工竹脚手架安全技术规范Technical code for safety of bamboo scaffold in construction〖JGJ255-2021〗采光顶与金属屋面技术规程Technical specification for skylight and metal roof〖JGJ256-2020〗钢筋锚固板应用技术规程Technical specification for application of headed bars〖JGJ257-2021〗索结构技术规程Technical specification for cable structures〖JGJ/T258-2020〗预制带肋底板混凝土叠合楼板技术规程Technical specification for concrete composite slab with precast ribbed panel〖JGJ/T259-2021〗混凝土结构耐久性修复与防护技术规程Technical specification for rehabilitation and protection of concrete structures durability〖JGJ/T260-2020〗采暖通风与空气调剂工程检测技术规程Technical specification for test of heating ＆ ventilating and air-conditioning engineering〖JGJ/T261-2020〗外墙内保温工程技术规程Technical specification for interior thermal insulation on external walls〖JGJ/T262-2021〗住宅厨房模数和谐标准Standard for modular coordination of residential kitchen〖JGJ/T263-2021〗住宅卫生间模数和谐标准Standard for module coordination of residential bathroom〖JGJ/T264-2021〗光伏建筑一体化系统运行与爱护规范Code for operation and maintenance of building mounted photovoltaic system〖JGJ/T265-2021〗轻型木桁架技术规范Technical code for light wood trusses〖JGJ266-2020〗市政架桥机安全使用技术规程Technical specification for safe use of municipal bridge erecting machine〖JGJ/T267-2021〗被动式太阳能建筑技术规范Technical code for passive solar buildings〖JGJ/T268-2021〗现浇混凝土空心楼盖技术规程Technical specification for cast-in-situ concrete hollow floor structure〖JGJ/T269-2021〗轻型钢丝网架聚苯板混凝土构件应用技术规程Technical specification for the application of concrete elements reinforced with light steel mesh framed expanded polystyrene panel〖JGJ270-2021〗建筑物倾斜纠偏技术规程Technical specification for incline-rectifying of buildings〖JGJ/T271-2021〗混凝土结构工程无机材料后锚固技术规程Technical specification for post-anchoring used in concrete structure with inorganic anchoring material〖JGJ/T272-2021〗建筑施工企业信息化评判标准Standard for evaluating the informatization of construction enterprises〖JGJ/T273-2021〗钢丝网架混凝土复合板结构技术规程Technical specification for wire grids concrete composite slab structure〖JGJ/T274-2021〗装饰多孔砖夹心复合墙技术规程Technical pecification for cavity wall filled with insulation and decorative perforated brick〖JGJ276-2021〗建筑施工起重吊装工程安全技术规范Technical code for safety of lifting in construction〖JGJ/T277-2021〗红外热像法检测建筑外墙饰面粘结质量技术规程Technical specification for inspecting the defects of exterior walls cement coating of building with infrared thermography method〖JGJ278-2021〗房地产登记技术规程Technical specification of real estate registration〖JGJ/T279-2021〗建筑结构体外预应力加固技术规程Technical specification for strengthening building structures with external prestressing tendons〖JGJ/T280-2021〗中小学校体育设施技术规程Technical specification for sports facilities of primary and middle school 〖JGJ/T281-2021〗高强混凝土应用技术规程Technical specification for application of high strength concrete〖JGJ/T282-2021〗高压喷射扩大头锚杆技术规程Technical specification for underreamed anchor by jet grouting〖JGJ/T283-2021〗自密实混凝土应用技术规程Technical specification for application of self-compacting concrete〖JGJ284-2021〗金融建筑电气设计规范Code for electrical design of financial buildings〖JGJ/T288-2021〗建筑能效标识技术标准Standard for building energy performance certification〖JGJ289-2021〗建筑外墙外保温防火隔离带技术规程Technical specification for fire barrier zone of external thermal insulation composite system on walls〖JGJ/T290-2021〗组合锤法地基处理技术规程Technical specification for ground treatment of combination hammer〖JGJ/T291-2021〗现浇塑性混凝土防渗芯墙施工技术规程Technical specification for construction of plastic concrete core wall〖JGJ/T292-2021〗建筑工程施工现场视频监控技术规范Technical code for video surveillance on construction site〖CJJ1-2020〗城镇道路工程施工与质量验收规范Code for construction and quality acceptance of road works in city and town 〖CJJ2-2020〗都市桥梁工程施工与质量验收规范Code for construction and quality acceptance of bridge works in city〖CJJ6-2020〗城镇排水管道爱护安全技术规程Technical sepcification for safety of urban sewer maintenance〖CJJ7-2007〗都市工程地球物理探测规范Code for engineering geophysical prospecting and testing in city〖CJJ/T8-2020〗都市测量规范Code for urban survey〖CJJ11-2020〗都市桥梁设计规范Code for design of the municipal bridge〖CJJ12-99〗家用燃气燃烧器具安装及验收规程Specification for installation and acceptance of domestic gas burning appliances 〖CJJ13-87〗供水水文地质钻探与凿井操作规程Specification for operation of hydrographic geological drilling and digging for water-supply〖CJJ14-2005〗都市公共厕所设计标准Standard for design of public toilets in city〖CJJ/T15-2020〗都市道路公共交通站、场、厂工程设计规范Code for design of urban road public transportation stop,terminus and depot engineering〖CJJ17-2004〗生活垃圾卫生填埋技术规范Technical code for municipal solid waste sanitary landfill〖CJJ18-88〗市政工程施工、养护及污水处理工人技术等级标准Technical level standard for workers of construction maintenance and sewerage treatment of municipal engineering〖CJJ27-2021〗环境卫生设施设置标准Standard for setting of environmental sanitation facilities〖CJJ28-2004〗城镇供热管网工程施工及验收规范Code for construction and acceptance of city heating pipelines〖CJJ/T29-2020〗建筑排水塑料管道工程技术规程Technical specification for plastic pipeline for building drainage〖CJJ30-2020〗都市粪便处理厂运行爱护及其安全技术规程Technical specification for operation maintenance and safety of night soil treatment plants〖CJJ32-2020〗含藻水给水处理设计规范Code for design of algae water treatment〖CJJ33-2005〗城镇燃气输配工程施工及验收规范Code for construction and acceptance of city and town gas distribution works 〖CJJ34-2020〗城镇供热管网设计规范Design code for city heating network〖CJJ36-2006〗城镇道路养护技术规范Technical code of urban road maintenance〖CJJ37-2021〗都市道路工程设计规范Code for design of urban road engineering〖CJJ39-91〗古建筑修建工程质量检验评定标准〔北方地区〕Standard for quality test and estimation of ancient building repairing engineerings(in northern area)〖CJJ40-2020〗高浊度水给水设计规范。
技术开发的英文合同5篇篇1TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT CONTRACTContract No.: [Insert Contract Number]Date: [Insert Date]1. Scope of Work:The Developer agrees to undertake the development of [describe the technology to be developed in detail] (hereinafter referred to as the "Technology") for the Principal. The Technology shall be developed in accordance with the specifications and requirements provided by the Principal.2. Development Period:The period of development shall commence on [Start Date] and continue until [End Date], unless extended by mutual agreement in writing.3. Project Milestones:The Developer shall achieve the following milestones within the specified timeframes:* Milestone 1: [Describe milestone 1 with timeline]* Milestone 2: [Describe milestone 2 with timeline]* ... (as per the requirements of the project)4. Intellectual Property Rights:All intellectual property rights arising out of or in connection with the Technology shall be owned by the Principal. The Developer shall assign all such rights to the Principal upon completion of the project.5. Payments:The Principal shall pay the Developer the following fees for the development work:* Development Fee: [Amount]* Milestone Payments: [Describe milestone payments with amounts and conditions]* Any other fees or expenses: [Specify other fees/expenses, if any, with amounts]All payments shall be made within [specified timeframes] from the date of invoice.6. Confidentiality:Both parties shall maintain confidentiality of all information disclosed to each other during the course of this Contract. Neither party shall disclose any confidential information to third parties without the prior written consent of the other party.7. Warranty and Liability:The Developer shall ensure that the Technology developed is free from defects in material and workmanship for a period of [Warranty Period]. The Developer shall indemnify and hold harmless the Principal from any claims, losses, or damages arising out of any defects in the Technology.8. Termination:9. Force Majeure:Neither party shall be liable for any failure to perform its obligations due to events beyond its reasonable control, such as acts of war, riots, natural disasters, etc. The affected party shall notify the other party of such events and provide evidence to support its claim.10. General Terms:* This Contract constitutes the entire agreement between the parties and no modifications shall be made except by a written agreement signed by both parties.* The laws of [Country/State] shall apply to this Contract.* Any disputes arising out of or in connection with this Contract shall be settled through friendly negotiations. If no settlement is reached, the dispute shall be referred to [specify dispute resolution mechanism, e.g., arbitration].* This Contract shall be governed by and construed in accordance with the laws of [Country/State].* This Contract may be executed in [number of counterparts] counterparts, each of which shall be deemed an original and all of which shall constitute one and the same instrument.In witness whereof, the parties have executed this Contract on the dates indicated below.Developer:Principal:(Authorized Representative) (Authorized Representative)Date: Date:Place: Place:------------------------------------------------------------------------ 签名与印章应分别在上述打印日期下方占据指定空间位置的位置上对齐插入以加强正式感与合法性表达。
《建筑电气工程施工质量验收规范》The Construction Quality Acceptance Standards for Electric Engineering in Architecture本标准规定了建筑电气工程施工质量验收的基本要点、技术要求和检查验收方法。
This standard provides basic requirements, technical requirements and inspection methods for the construction quality acceptance of electrical engineering in architecture.一、基本要求I. Basic Requirements1、施工前的资料准备：施工单位应当按照设计及有关国家标准要求，按时准备施工图、施工技术指标、详细工程计划、制造质量把关方案及技术规程等施工资料，提交施工单位负责人审查备案，准备工作完成后立即投入施工。
1. Preparation of documents before construction: The contractor shall, in accordance with the design and relevant national standards, prepare construction drawings, construction technical indexes, detailed engineering plans, manufacturing qualitycontrol plans and technical regulations in time, and submit them to the responsible person of the contractor for review and filing. Immediately after the preparation is finished, theyshall start construction.2、施工质量：施工单位应当按照设计及国家标准的要求，正确、规范、文明施工，保证工程质量稳定可靠，并通过检测验收。
GB∕T 14710新版和原版标准差异I. IntroductionA. Background on GB/T 14710B. Purpose of the comparisonC. Brief overview of the differencesII. Scope and definitionsA. Scope of GB/T 14710B. Comparison of the definitions in the new and old versionsC. Implications for the usersIII. Technical requirementsA. Technical requirements in GB/T 14710:2017B. Technical requirements in GB/T 14710:2002C. Comparison of the technical requirementsD. Implications for the usersIV. Evaluation methodsA. Evaluation methods in GB/T 14710:2017B. Evaluation methods in GB/T 14710:2002C. Comparison of the evaluation methodsD. Implications for the usersV. ConclusionA. Summary of the differences between GB/T 14710:2017 and GB/T 14710:2002B. Recommendations for the users and stakeholdersC. Future direction of GB/T 14710VI. ReferencesI. IntroductionA. Background on GB/T 14710GB/T 14710 is a standard that outlines the technical requirements and evaluation methods for formaldehyde emissions from wood-based panels and their products. This standard, which was originally introduced in 2002, has undergone several revisions over the years to keep up with the changing needs of industry and society. The latest revision, GB/T 14710-2017, which was released in March 2018, is meant to replace the previous version.B. Purpose of the comparisonThe purpose of this comparison is to identify the differences between the new and old versions of GB/T 14710, and to evaluate the implications of these differences. By doing so, we hope to provide useful insights for users and stakeholders who are interested in understanding the changes that have occurred in the standard, and to suggest ways in which they can adapt to these changes.C. Brief overview of the differencesSome of the major differences between the new and old versions of GB/T 14710 include changes in scope, definitions, technical requirements, and evaluation methods. For example, the new version extends the scope of the standard to include composite wood flooring, while the old version did not. Additionally, the new version introduces new definitions for terms such as "panel product", "test chamber", and "sample preparation", among others. Technical requirements and evaluation methods have also been revised, reflecting advances in scientific knowledge and changes in industry practices.II. Scope and definitionsA. Scope of GB/T 14710The scope of GB/T 14710 defines the range of products that are covered by the standard. This includes wood-based panels and their products, such as plywood, blockboard, particleboard, MDF (medium-density fiberboard), and composite wood flooring, among others. The new version of the standard has extended the scope to include composite wood flooring, which was not covered by the old version.B. Comparison of the definitions in the new and old versionsThe new version of GB/T 14710 introduces new definitions for several terms that were not defined in the old version. For example, the new version defines "panel product" as a "constructed product" that is made by joining two or more layers of wood-based panels or other materials together. This term was not defined in the old version. Similarly, the new version introduces a definition for "test chamber", which is defined as a "container" that is used to house the test specimens during testing. The old version did not provide a definition for this term.C. Implications for the usersThe updated definitions in the new version of GB/T 14710 have important implications for users. By providing more precise and detailed definitions for key terms, the new version makes it easier for users to understand and apply the standard. This can help to improve the accuracy of testing and evaluation, promote better communication between stakeholders, and enhance the overallquality of wood-based panel products.III. Technical requirementsA. Technical requirements in GB/T 14710:2017The technical requirements in the new version of GB/T 14710 reflect the latest scientific knowledge and industry practices. For example, the new version introduces stricter emission limits for certain formaldehyde products. The updated technical requirements also include new procedures for sample preparation, specimen conditioning, and testing, which are designed to ensure more consistent and accurate results.B. Technical requirements in GB/T 14710:2002The technical requirements in the old version of GB/T 14710 were based on previous scientific knowledge and industry practices. While they were still effective at the time of their publication, they became outdated over time due to advances in technology and changing industry needs.C. Comparison of the technical requirementsThe technical requirements in the new version of GB/T 14710 are more rigorous than those in the old version. For example, the new version introduces a lower emission limit for engineered wood flooring and a stricter "hot-pressed thin board (2mm) test method". The new version also requires the use of more advanced testing equipment and procedures, such as the "small chamber method" and the "large chamber method", which were not required in the old version.D. Implications for the usersThe updated technical requirements in the new version of GB/T 14710 have important implications for users. By requiring more advanced testing procedures and equipment, the new version helps to promote a higher level of quality and safety in wood-based panel products. At the same time, these stricter requirements may also pose challenges for manufacturers and suppliers who are not yet equipped to meet them. To remain competitive in the market and comply with the new requirements, manufacturers and suppliers may need to invest in new equipment and technology, or adjust their production processes.IV. Evaluation methodsA. Evaluation methods in GB/T 14710:2017The evaluation methods in the new version of GB/T 14710 have been updated to reflect advances in scientific knowledge and industry practices. The new version introduces new testing methods, such as the "small chamber method" and the "large chamber method", which are designed to provide more accurate and reliable results. The new version also requires more rigorous sample preparation procedures, including the use of standard conditioning conditions and the measurement of sample dimensions.B. Evaluation methods in GB/T 14710:2002The evaluation methods in the old version of GB/T 14710 were based on previous scientific knowledge and industry practices. While they were still effective at the time of their publication, they became outdated over time due to advances in technology and changing industry needs. The old version did not include some of the more advanced testing methods that are required in the newversion.C. Comparison of the evaluation methodsThe evaluation methods in the new version of GB/T 14710 are more advanced and require more rigor than those in the old version. For example, the new version requires the use of more advanced testing equipment and procedures, such as the "small chamber method" and the "large chamber method", which were not required in the old version. The new version also requires more rigorous sample preparation procedures, such as the use of standard conditioning conditions and the measurement of sample dimensions, which were not required in the old version.D. Implications for the usersThe updated evaluation methods in the new version of GB/T 14710 have important implications for users. By requiring more advanced testing procedures and equipment, the new version helps to promote a higher level of quality and safety in wood-based panel products. At the same time, these stricter requirements may also pose challenges for manufacturers and suppliers who are not yet equipped to meet them. To remain competitive in the market and comply with the new requirements, manufacturers and suppliers may need to invest in new equipment and technology, or adjust their production processes.V. ConclusionA. Summary of key pointsIn summary, the new version of GB/T 14710 represents an important milestone in the development of standards for wood-based panel products. The new version introduces more rigorous technical requirements and evaluation methods, which are designed to promote a higher level of quality and safety in these products. The new version also expands the scope of the standard to include composite wood flooring, which was not covered by the old version.B. Implications for users and stakeholdersThe changes in the new version of GB/T 14710 have important implications for users and stakeholders. By requiring more advanced testing procedures and equipment, the new version helps to promote a higher level of quality and safety in wood-based panel products. At the same time, these stricter requirements may also pose challenges for manufacturers and suppliers who are not yet equipped to meet them. To remain competitive in the market and comply with the new requirements, manufacturers and suppliers may need to invest in new equipment and technology, or adjust their production processes.C. Recommendations for future updatesAs scientific knowledge and industry practices continue to evolve, it is important that standards such as GB/T 14710 are continually updated to reflect these changes. Future updates to the standard should continue to emphasize the importance of rigorous technical requirements and evaluation methods, while also balancing the needs of the industry and society. Additionally, standards organizations should continue to engage with stakeholders to ensure that the standards are meeting their needs and promote transparency in the development and implementation of standards.。
GOST R 50577-93 S T A T E S T A N D A R D O F T H E R U S S I A N F E D E R A T I O N STATE REGISTRATION PLATES OFROAD VEHICLESTypes and Main DimensionsTechnical RequirementsOfficial EditionEnglish Version Approved by InterstandardGOSSTANDART OF RUSSIAMoscowForeword1DEVELOPED AND SUBMITTED by Technical Committee for Standardization ТC 278 “Road safety”.2APPROVED AND INTRODUCED by Decree No. 165, dated 29.06.93, of Gosstandart of Russia.3This Standard complies with International Standard ISO 7591-82 “Road vehicles. Retro-reflective registration plates for motor vehicles and trailers. Specification” regarding requirements for retro-reflective sheeting of the registration plates. It also complies with the Traffic Convention approved in Vienna in 1968 and with the additional requirements that reflect the needs of the national economy.4INTRODUCED FOR THE FIRST TIME5EDITION of December, 2001 with Amendments Nos. 1 and 2, approved in May, 1998 and in November, 2001 (IUS {Standards Information Catalog} 9-98, 2-2002).© Standards Publishing House, 1993© Standards Publishing House, 2002 This Standard may not be reproduced, in full or in part, reprinted or distributed as an official publication in the territory of the Russian Federation without the permission of Gosstandart of Russia.Contents1 Scope (1)2 Normative references (1)3 Types and main dimensions (2)4 Technical requirements (5)APPENDIX A Registration plates (7)APPENDIX B Letter fonts allowed for the registration plates (15)APPENDIX C Figure fonts allowed for registration plates (15)APPENDIX D Requirements for surface color and for quality of retro-reflective sheeting of theregistration plates (16)APPENDIX E Back side of the registration plates of type 16 (20)APPENDIX F Back side of the registration plates of type 17 (21)APPENDIX G Back side of the registration plates of type 18 (22)APPENDIX H Requirements for attachment of the registration plates to road vehicles (23)GOST R 41.4-99 (the UN IEC Rules No. 4) Unified instructions for official approval of illumination devices for the back registration plates of motor vehicles (except for motorcycles) and their trailers (Amended Wording. Amendment No. 2).3 Types and main dimensions3.1 The registration plates are subdivided into the following groups depending on the type of road vehicles:1- the vehicles of juridical persons and citizens of the Russian Federation, of juridical persons and citizens of foreign states (except for those that belong to the group 3) and to stateless persons;2– the vehicles of military units and bodies of troops formed under the jurisdiction the Russian Federation in compliance with existing legislative acts;3- the vehicles of diplomatic representatives, consular establishments, international (interstate) organizations;4- the vehicles temporarily accepted for road traffic;5- the vehicles of the bodies of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation.(Amended Wording. Amendments Nos. 1 and 2).3.2 Types of registration plates3.2.1 R o a d v e h i c l e s o f t h e g r o u p1The following types of registration plates are established:1 - for cars, trucks, dual purpose vehicles and buses (except for the buses of the 1Б type);1A - for cars of official persons in compliance with the list approved by the Government of the Russian Federation (the special registration plates);1Б – for the cars used for commercial transportation of passengers, buses, trucks equipped for transportations of more than 8 persons (except for the cases when the transportation is carried out for a juridical person or for a businessman);2- for trailers (including back trailers of motorcycles and motor scooters) and semitrailers;3- for tractors, self-propelled road-building machines and other machines and their trailers (semitrailers);4 - for motorcycles, motor scooters, mopeds and motor sledges.(Amended Wording. Amendments Nos. 1 and 2).3.2.2 R o a d v e h i c l e s o f t h e g r o u p2The following types of registration plates are established:5 - for cars, trucks, dual purpose vehicles and buses;6- for trailers (including back trailers of motorcycles and motor scooters) and semitrailers;7- for tractors, self-propelled road-building machines and other machines and their trailers (semitrailers);8 - for motorcycles, motor scooters, mopeds and motor sledges.(Amended Wording. Amendment No. 1).3.2.3 R o a d v e h i c l e s o f t h e g r o u p3The following types of registration plates are established:9 - for cars of diplomatic representatives;10- for cars, trucks, dual purpose vehicles and buses of diplomatic representatives, consular establishments, international (interstate) organizations and their officers accredited by the Ministry for Foreign Affairs of the Russian Federation;11- for cars, trucks, dual purpose vehicles and buses of foreign bodies of press, radio and TV, accredited by the Ministry for Foreign Affairs of the Russian Federation, of representatives of foreign banks, firms and their officers, accredited by the ministries and departments of the Russian Federation that have a legal right to inaugurate the specified representatives.(Amended Wording. Amendment No. 2).3.2.4 R o a d v e h i c l e s o f t h e g r o u p4The following types of registration plates are established:16- for cars, trucks, dual purpose vehicles, buses and other road vehicles;17- for cars, trucks, dual purpose vehicles, buses and other road vehicles of military units and bodies of troops existing under the jurisdiction of the Russian Federation;18- for tractors, self-propelled road-building machines, other machines and their trailers (semitrailers);19- for cars, trucks, dual purpose vehicles, buses and other road vehicles that finally leave the territory of the Russian Federation, and for others cases determined by the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation.(Amended Wording. Amendments Nos. 1 and 2).3.2.5 R o a d v e h i c l e s o f t h e g r o u p5The following types of registration plates are established:20- for cars, trucks, dual purpose vehicles and buses;21- for car trailers (including back trailers of motorcycles and motor scooters) and semitrailers;22- for motorcycles.(Subsequently inserted. Amendment No. 2).3.3 The registration plates shall have the following structure:-type 1 (single-line) — M 000 MM 55 or M 000 MM 555;-type 1А (single-line) — M 000 MM;-type 1Б (single-line) — MM 000 55;-type 2 (single-line) — MM 0000 55;-type 3 (double-line) — 0000MM 55;- type 4 (double-line) — 0000MM 55;-type 5 (single-line) — 0000 MM 55;-type 6 (single-line) — MM 0000 55;-type 7 (double-line) — 0000MM 55;- type 8 (double-line) — 0000MM 55;-type 9 (single-line) — 222 MM 055;-type 10 (single-line) — 222 M 00055;-type 16 (triple-line) — “TRANSIT”MM 550000;- type 17 (triple-line) — MM 550000“TRANSIT”;- type 18 (triple-line) — MM 55“TRANSIT”0000;-type 19 (single-line) — Т MM 000 55;-type 20 (single-line) — M 0000 55;-type 21 (single-line) — 000 M 55;-type 22 (double-line) — 0000М55,where:“0” and “M” are the figure and the letter that designate accordingly the numbers and series of registration plates of road vehicles;“2” is the code figure depicted on registration plates and used for designation of road vehicles of accredited diplomatic representatives, consular establishments, international (interstate) organizations, offices of foreign banks and firms, bodies of foreign press, radio and TV;“5”is the code figure depicted on registration plates and used for designation of the region of the RussianFederation (further referred to as the region of registration);“T” is the first letter of the word “TRANSIT” that specifies the registration plates of the road vehicles temporarily accepted for road traffic.N o t e. The registration plates of type 1 with the three-digit code of the region of registration shall be applied in cases specified by the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation.(Amended Wording. Amendments Nos. 1 and 2).3.4 The inscription “RUS” shall be arranged on the registration plates of types 1, 1Б, 2, from 4 to 6, from 8 to 10, from 16 to 22. The image of the National Flag of the Russian Federation shall be arranged on the registration plates of type 1А instead of the code of the region of registration and the inscription “RUS”. The inscription “TRANSIT” shall be arranged on the registration plates of types from 16 to 18. The National Flag of the Russian Federation may be arranged on the registration plates of types 1, 1Б and 2 in addition.N o t e. The image of the National Flag of the Russian Federation shall specify the rectangular with equigraphic horizontal stripes: white upper stripe, dark blue middle stripe and red lower stripe.(Amended wording. Amendment No. 2).3.5 The main dimensions of registration plates, arrangement of inscriptions “RUS” and “TRANSIT”, arrangement of figures, letters and borders on the right side of registration plates, dimensions and arrangement of holes intended for attachment of the registration plates to the road vehicles shall comply with figures from A.1 to A.22 specified in Appendix A of this Standard. The inscription “RUS” shall be arranged in compliance with figure A.23 of Appendix A in case when the National Flag of the Russian Federation is specified on the registration plates of types 1, 1Б and 2.N o t e s:1 The figures and letters specified in figures from A.1 to А.23 are used as an example.2. (Removed. Amendment No. 2).3Some other encoder system established by the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation may be used for the registration plates of types from 5 to 8 instead of the digital code of the region of registration.3.6 Letters, figures and borders arranged on the right side of registration plates shall be extruded (using trapezoidal form) at the same height (on the same registration plate) within the height limits no less than 1.0 mm and no more than 2.0 mm from the surface of the registration plate.N o t e s:1The term “surface of the registration plate” defines the flat surface of the right side of the registration plate.2This requirement does not apply to the registration plates of types from 16 to 18.3This requirement is not obligatory for the inscription “RUS”.3.7Letters A, B, Е, K, M, Н, O, Р, C, Т, X, У may be used for the registration plates of types from 1 to 22. Letter D may be also applied for the registration plates of types 9 and 10.3.8The shape and image of figures and letters used for registration plates of types from 1 to 10 and from 19 to 22 shall comply with figures B.1 and C.1 of Appendices B and C. Thickness of lines of figures and letters (including thickness of borders) are specified in table 1. Other dimensions shall be specified in the design documentation developed for the registration plates and approved by the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation.T a b l e 1. Dimensions of figures and letters of the registration plates In millimeters Height of figures and letters Thickness of lines of figures and letters, no less than20 58 76 3.0 9.0 11.0Borders 3.0 (±0.5)4.7.3The sheeting class shall be no less than III in compliance with GOST 9.032.4.7.4Atmosphere resistance of the sheeting shall be in compliance with GOST 9.401 for the class II atmosphere in compliance with GOST 15150 in case when protective properties are preserved by no more than 1 point in compliance with GOST 9.407 and decorative properties are preserved by no more than 2 points. The atmosphere resistance shall be provided for no less than three years under the У1 operating conditions and for no less than two years under the ХЛ1 operating conditions in compliance with GOST 9.401.4.8 Colors of the surface of the registration plates (except for registration plates with retro-reflecting sheeting), of their borders, figures and letters shall comply with table 2.T a b l e 2. Colors of the surface, borders and letters of the registration platesColor nameTypes of registration platesin compliance with 3.2Surface color Colors of borders, figures and letters 1, 1А, 2, 3, 4, 19 White** Black*1БYellow** Black*16, 17, 18 White* Black*From 5 to 8 Black* White*9, 10 Red** White*20, 21, 22 Dark blue** White**In compliance with the standard color that establishes the color norm.**In compliance with Appendix D.(Amended wording. Amendment No. 2).4.9 The registration plates of types from 16 to 18 shall be manufactured by printing or using some other method that provides compliance with requirements of this Standard during the terms established for the given requirements. The text on the back side of the registration plates of type 16 is specified in Appendix E. The text on the back side of the registration plates of type 17 is specified in Appendix F. The text on the back side of the registration plates of type 18 is specified in Appendix G.(Amended wording. Amendment No. 1).4.10 Registration plates with retro-reflecting sheeting shall be protected from falsification. The protective elements shall be built into the sheeting structure.N o t e. The dimensions, structure, arrangement and other characteristics of the protective elements are established by the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation.4.11 The trademark of the manufacturer shall be marked on the back side of every registration plate (except for the registration plates of types from 16 to 18) using the technology that provides safety and comprehension for no less than double warranty period of the registration plate. The trademark of the manufacturer shall be also marked of the back side of the registration plates in case when they are manufactured using the delivered semi-products (part blanks). The trademark shall not be specified on the right side of the registration plates in case when an impact marking technology is used.Output information containing the name of the manufacturer, circulation of the registration plates, the trademark of the manufacturer shall be specified under the main inscription on the back side of the registration plates of types from 16 to 18.4.10, 4.11 (Amended wording. Amendment No. 2).4.12 to 4.16 (Removed. Amendment No. 2).4.17Warranty period of the registration plates from the day of their manufacturing (except for the registration plates of type 16) shall be no less than three years under the У1 operating conditions and no less than two years under the ХЛ1 operating conditions in compliance with GOST 9.10 in case when protective properties of the sheeting of the registration plates are preserved in compliance with GOST 9.407 for no more than point 1 and decorative properties are preserved for no more than point 2.4.18Requirements for places of attachment of registration plates to road vehicles are specified in Appendix H.(Subsequently inserted. Amendment No. 2).APPENDIX A (obligatory)Registration platesFig. A.1 The registration plate of type 1 with the two-digit code of the region of registrationFig. A.2 The registration plate of type 1 with the three-digit code of the region of registrationFig. А.3 The registration plate of type 1АCode of the region of registrationThe surface color is whiteBorder2 holesCode of the region of registration2 holesThe surface color is whiteBorder BorderThe surface color is white2 holes White Bark blue RedFig. A.4 The registration plate of type 1БFig. A.5 The registration plate of type 2Fig. A.6 The registration plate of type 3Code of the region of registration2 holes2 holes3 holes Border BorderBorderThe surface color is yellowThe surface color is whiteThe surface color is whiteCode of the region of registrationCode of the region of registrationFig. A.7 The registration plate of type 4 Fig. A.8 The registration plate of type 5 Fig. A.9 The registration plate of type 6 BorderThe surface color is white3 holesCode of the region of registrationBorderCode of the region of registrationCode of the region of registration2 holes2holesThe surface color is blackThe surface color is black BorderFig. A.10 The registration plate of type 7Fig. A.11 The registration plate of type 8Fig. A.12 The registration plate of type 93 holesThe surface color is blackThe surface color is black2 holesBorderBorderCode of the region of registrationBorder 2 holesCode of the region of registrationCode of the region of registrationThe surface color is redThe code of the foreign representativesFig. A.13 The registration plate of type 10Figures A.14, A.15 (Removed. Amendment No. 2).Fig. A.16 The registration plate of type 16BorderBorderCode of the region of registrationCode of the region of registrationThe surface color is redThe code of the foreign representatives 2 holesThe surface color is whiteFig. A.17 The registration plate of type 17Fig. A.18 The registration plate of type 18Code of the region of registrationThe surface color is whiteBorder Border Code of the region of registrationThe surface color is whiteFig. A.19 The registration plate of type 19Fig. A.20 The registration plate of type 20Fig. A.21 The registration plate of type 21Code of the region of registrationCode of the region of registrationCode of the region of registrationThe surface color is whiteThe surface color is dark blueThe surface color is dark blue2 holes2 holes2 holesBorderBorderBorderThe surface color is dark blue2 holesBorder Code of the region of registrationFig. A.22 The registration plate of type 22White Dark blue RedFig. A.23 The fragment of the registration plate containing the inscription “RUS”and the image of the National Flag of the Russian Federation(in compliance with clause 3.5)APPENDIX A (Amended Wording, Amendments Nos. 1 and 2).APPENDIX B(obligatory)Fig. B.1 The fonts of letters approved for registration plates of road vehiclesAPPENDIX C(obligatory)Fig. C.1 The fonts of figures approved for registration plates of road vehiclesAPPENDIX D (obligatory)Requirements for surface color and for quality of retro-reflecting sheeting of registration platesD.1 Requirements for photometric characteristicsD.1.1 Coefficient of retro-reflection (the ratio of brightness to illuminance) of the retro-reflecting sheetingof the registration plates shall be no less than the values specified in table D.1.T a b l e D.1 Photometric characteristics of retro-reflecting sheetingCoefficient of retro-reflection, cd/(м2×lx), no less than,at the following angles of illumination Sheeting colorAngle ofobservation5° 30° 45° MaximumWhite0°12'0°20' 1°30' 70 50 5 35 30 2 6 3 1 250 250 250 Yellow0°12' 0°20' 1°30' 50 35 3 25 15 1 4 2 0.5 250 250 250 Red 0°12' 0°20' 1°30' 10 7 0.6 4 3 0.3 0.8 0.7 0.1 100 100 100 Dark blue 0°12' 0°20'4 31.7 1.11 0.725 25N o t e s :1 Measurements shall be carried out using standard illuminants in compliance with GOST 7721.2 The angle of twisting of the sample shall not exceed 1°20'.3 The angle of illumination shall be opposite to the angle of observation along the line connecting the standardilluminant and the center of the sample.D.1.2 The coefficient of retro-reflection shall be no less than 90 % of the values specified in table D.1 incase of abundant effect of water on the registration plate.D.1.3 The ratio of the maximum value of the coefficient of retro-reflection to its minimum value shall notexceed 2.0.N o t e s :1 The check of deviation of retro-reflection shall be carried out in case when local deviations of brightness arefound out during measurements in compliance with clause D.1.1.2 Measurements shall be carried out for the angle of observation equal to 0°20' and for the angle of illuminationequal to 5°.3 Coefficient of retro-reflection shall be measured using several adjacent surfaces with dimensions equal to 50×50mm.D.2 Requirements for colorimetric characteristicsD.2.1 The chromaticity coordinates of the retro-reflecting sheeting of the registration plate shall be withinthe quadrangular zones determined by the chromaticity coordinates of their corner points specified in table D.2. The sheeting color shall comply with the standardized luminance factor.N o t e s :1 The measurements shall be carried out using the Д65 standard illuminant approved by IEC.2 The standard illuminant shall be arranged at 45° to the perpendicular to the registration plate.3 Measurements shall be carried out along the perpendicular to the registration plate.4 Measurements shall be carried out using samples of the registration plate without the inscriptions “RUS”, withoutthe image of the National Flag of the Russian Federation, without figures, letters and borders.T a b l e D.2 Colorimetric characteristics of retro-reflecting sheetingChromaticity coordinates of the corner pointsof the permissible quadrangular color zonesNumber of the corner points of the permissible color zonesSheeting color1 2 3 4Luminance factorWhiteх y 0.3550.3550.3050.3050.2850.3250.3350.375≥ 0.35≥ 0.35Yellowх y 0.5450.4540.4870.4230.4270.4830.4650.534≥ 0.27≥ 0.27Redх y 0.6900.3100.5950.3150.5690.3410.6550.345≥ 0.05≥ 0.05Dark blueх y 0.1440.0300.2440.2020.1900.2470.0660.208 ≥ 0.01D.3 Mechanical strength requirementsD.3.1 Cracks, swellings and color changes (decoloration) shall not be observed after sequential conditioning of the sample of the registration plate. It shall be provided by heat resistance of the retro-reflecting sheeting, letters and figures.N o t e s:1 The following sequence and requirements of conditioning of the sample of the registration plate shall be provided:а) for 7 hours at a temperature of 65 °С (±2) and relative humidity equal to 10 % (±5);б) for 1 hour at a temperature of 23 °С (±5) and relative humidity equal to 50 % (±10);в) for 15 hours at a temperature of -20 °C.2Testing shall be carried out using a fragment equal to a half of the registration plate.3Observation of the requirements may be checked visually.D.3.2 Adhesion of the retro-reflecting sheeting shall be provided. Exfoliation of the retro-reflecting sheeting shall not be observed after conditioning of the sample of the registration plate.N o t e s:1The sample of the registration plate shall be conditioned for 1 hour at a temperature of -20 °С.2Testing shall be carried out using a fragment equal to a half of the registration plate.3Observation of the requirements may be checked visually.D.3.3 Impact resistance of the retro-reflecting sheeting shall be provided. Cracks or exfoliation shall not be observed on the retro-reflecting sheeting from the distance exceeding 5 mm from the impact area after testing of impact resistance.N o t e s:1Check of impact resistance of the retro-reflecting sheeting shall be carried out using the bed of the falling weight test that provides controlled falling of the hammer with acceleration from 9.0 to 9.81 m/s2.2The hammer shall be manufactured as a sphere 25 mm in diameter made of steel in compliance with GOST 380.3The sample of the registration plate shall be preliminary conditioned for 1 hour at a temperature of -20 °C before the falling weight test of retro-reflecting sheeting.4The sample shall be laid on a hard foundation (a plate that is no less than 12.5 mm thick and made of steel in compliance with GOST 380 or made of cast iron in compliance with GOST 1412) with its retro-reflecting sheeting upwards after the registration plate is withdrawn from the cryogenic camera.5The hammer falls from 2 m height.6The fragment of the registration plate with dimensions suitable for necessary measurements is used for the falling weight test.7 Requirement observation check is made using sliding calipers in compliance with GOST 166.D.3.4 Bending resistance of the retro-reflecting sheeting shall be provided. Cracks shall not be observed on the registration plate after bending test.N o t e s:1Bending tests shall be carried out at a temperature of 23 °C (±5).2The sample of the registration plate is bent using a mandrel 50 mm in diameter for 2 seconds until the angle equal to 90 ° is obtained.3The sample of the registration plate shall be arranged with its retro-reflecting sheeting outwards during the bending test.4The fragment of the registration plate with dimensions suitable for necessary measurements is used for the bending test. The flanged upper and lower edges of the sample of the registration plate shall be cut off.D.3.5 Water resistance of the retro-reflecting sheeting shall be provided. There shall be no traces of destruction of the retro-reflecting sheeting that reduce effectiveness of operation of the registration plate after its conditioning.N o t e s:1 The sequence and requirements for conditioning of the sample of the registration plate:а) the sample of the registration plate shall be conditioned for 24 hours in distilled water at a temperature of 23 °С(±5);b) the sample shall be dried for 48 hours at a temperature of 23 °С (±5) and relative humidity equal to 50 % (±10).2The entire registration plate shall be taken for water resistance test.3Observation of the requirements may be checked visually.D.3.6 Cleaning ability of the retro-reflecting sheeting shall be provided. The retro-reflecting sheeting shall be easily cleaned without damage during cleaning test.N o t e s:1The retro-reflecting sheeting shall be lubricated using the mix of motor (transmission) oil and graphite before the cleaning test. The trademarks of oil and graphite and the mix ratio used for the cleaning test are not standardized.2The retro-reflecting sheeting shall be rubbed using weak solvent (heptane) with subsequent washing using neutral wash liquid during the cleaning test. The rubbing materials and the trademarks of the solvent and the wash liquid are not standardized.3A fragment equal to a half of a registration plate is used for the cleaning test.4Observation of the requirements may be checked visually.D.3.7 Fuel resistance of the retro-reflecting sheeting shall be provided. There shall be no traces of destruction caused by the fuel test of the conditioned retro-reflecting sheeting of the sample of the registration plate that reduce effectiveness of its operation.N o t e s:1The sample of the registration plate shall be conditioned for 1 minute using the fuel test mix.2The ratio of the fuel test mix shall be equal to 70 % of n-heptane and 30 % of toluene.3A fragment of a registration plate containing a letter and figures shall be taken for the fuel test.4Observation of the requirements may be checked visually.D.3.8 Saline resistance of the retro-reflecting sheeting shall be provided. Traces of corrosion that reduce effectiveness of operation of the retro-reflecting sheeting shall not be observed on the sample of the registration plate after the saline test.N o t e s:1 The sequence and requirements for conditioning of the sample of the registration plate:а) the sample of the registration plate shall be conditioned for 22 hours in saline mist;b) the sample of the registration plate shall be dried for 2 hours at a temperature of 23 °С (±5) and relative humidity equal to 50 % (±10);c) the sample of the registration plate shall be subjected repeatedly to the same saline mist effect for 22 hours;。
