2020届新高考高三英语复习讲义设计(六)书面表达 “概要写作”对应翻译题训练(C)

2020届新高考英语书面表达“内容概要”高三作文模拟练习（六）写作指导与解读阅读下面短文,根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。

For many parents, making sure their children get the right amount of sleep can be stressful. This is especially true during high-pressure times such as exams when students tend to study all night for the next day. Unfortunately, it is often counterproductive(适得其反的) because with fewer hours to sleep, the teen brain doesn't get enough time to lay down what they've studied the night before.In her groundbreaking book The Teenage Brain, neuroscientist Dr.Frances Jensen explains that bedtime isn't simply a way for the body to relax and recover after working, studying or playing a hard day. It is the glue that allows us not only to recollect our experiences but also to remember everything we've learned that day. Basically the more we learn, the more we need to sleep, which is why a good sleep is of great importance in achieving success at school.Then how much sleep do teenagers need? There is no magic number for exactly how much sleep teenagers need, but the Austrian Centre for Education in Sleep(ACES)suggests 8 to 10 hours per day for high school adolescents. What happens if they don't get enough sleep? According to ACES, poor sleep will have all sorts of negative effects on teenagers, including rise in blood pressure, mood swings and impatient behaviors. Without adequate sleep the focus and attentiondrifts making it harder to receive information. The brain can no longer function to deal with information properly and access previously learned information.So, how can parents help? If you think your child needs more sleep, try making gradual changes to their sleeping habits. Small increases have been shown to be effective in changing sleep patterns. And remember your children are going through a period of their lives when their brains and bodies are going through a lot of changes. Not only is your job to help make changes, it's also to ride the wave with them. It may not be easy, but they will thank you for it eventually.第一步：通读理解全文，了解文章结构，理清各段落之间的逻辑关系，提取全文中心词，尤其是名词与动词。

2020届新高考英语书面表达内容概要高三作文模拟写作指导与解读阅读下面短文,根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。

It is quite reasonable to blame traffic jams, the cost of gas and the great speed of modern life, but manners on the road are becoming horrible. Everybody knows that the nicest men would become fierce tiger s behind the wheel. It is all right to have a tiger in a cage, but to have one in the driver's seat is another matter.Road politeness is not only good manners, but good sense. It takes the most cool-headed drivers great patience to give up the desire to beat back when forced to face rude driving. On the other hand, a little politeness goes a long way towards reducing the possibility of quarrelling and fighting. A friendly nod or a wave of thanks in answer to an act of politeness helps to create an atmosphere of good will and becomes so necessary in modern traffic conditions. But such behaviors of politeness are by no means enough. Many drivers nowadays don't even seem able to recognize politeness when they see it.However, misplaced politeness can also be dangerous. Typical examples are the driver who waves a child crossing the street at a wrong place into the path of oncoming cars that may not be able to stop in time. The same goes for encouraging old ladies to cross the road wherever and whenever they want to.An experienced driver, whose manners are faultless, told me it would help if drivers learnt to correctly join in traffic stream without causing total blockages that give rise tounpleasant feelings. Unfortunately, modern drivers can't even learn to drive, let alone master the roadmanship. Years ago, experts warned us that the fast increase of the car ownership would demand more give-and-take (互让) from all road users. It is high time for all of us to take this message to heart.第一步：通读理解全文，了解文章结构，理清各段落之间的逻辑关系，提取全文中心词，尤其是名词与动词。

专题六书面表达应用文写作常见8大文体(一)——普通书信/电子邮件一、写作架构要规范根据作文要求分段把内容表达清楚即可。

具体写作结构为：二、靓点句式背一番(一)1．I am very glad to have received the letter you sent me two days ago.我很高兴收到你两天前寄给我的信。

2．There is nothing happier to me than to receive your letter.再也没有比收到你的来信更让我开心的了。

3．Sorry to reply to your letter so late.抱歉这么晚才给你回信。

(二)主体部分常用语1．I’ve been thinking about the question you wrote in the letter. In my opinion, you should ...我一直在思考你信中提到的问题。

在我看来，你应该……2．If necessary, we can arrange a face­to­face discussion sometime this week.如果有必要，本周我们可以找个时间安排一次面谈。

(三)结尾常用语1．I’d appreciate it if you could make a response at your earliest convenience.如果您能在方便时尽早回信，我将非常感激。

2．Expecting to hear from you as soon as possible.盼望能尽快收到你的回信。

三、润色完善很关键何度过高三毕业后的暑假。

请你给Peter回复邮件，内容包括：1．对暑假的期盼；2．你的假期计划及理由。

注意：1.词数100左右；2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。

(一)准审题、准表达保基本分定体裁电子邮件定人称第一人称为主定时态一般现在时为主定要点定结构开头：引入话题，写邮件的背景(期盼暑假) 主体：假期计划及理由(去北京旅游、兼职等) 结尾：表达心情，并期待对方尽早回复Dear Peter，I’m more than delighted to hear from you.As is expected, I have been looking forward to the upcoming summer holiday after the College Entrance Examination❶.Then I can do a lot of amazing things❷.First❸， I plan to take a trip to Beijing❹.It is the center of politics and culture ❺.It can not only broaden my view but also help me learn more about the Chinese culture ❻.❼I have applied for a part­time job in the city library.Summer holiday is a good chance❽for me to promote myself.I believe❾the job can help me make full preparations for the college stly, I’d like to read books as many as possible.I hope I will have a full and colourful summer holiday.Looking forward to your early reply.Yours sincerely，Li Hua(二)巧润色、大升级创高分(请根据括号内要求升级上面的中档作文)Dear Peter，I’m more than delighted to hear from you.As is expected, I have been lookingforward to the upcoming summer holiday after the College Entrance Examination,(1)during which I can do a lot of amazing things (❶❷句合并升级为定语从句)．(2)To start/begin with (词汇升级❸), I plan to take a trip to Beijing, (3)the center of politics and culture (❹❺句合并升级为名词短语作同位语)．(4)Not only can it broaden my view but also help me learn more about the Chinese culture (升级句❻为倒装句)．(5)What’s more(❼前加过渡词汇), I have applied for a part­time job in the city library.Summer holiday is a good (6)opportunity (词汇升级❽) for me to promote myself.I (7)hold the firm belief that (词汇升级❾) the job can help me make full preparations for the college stly, I’d like to read books as many as possible.I (8) do hope (升级句为强调句) I will have a full and colourful summer holiday.Looking forward to your early reply.Yours sincerely，Li Hua四、“一题两用”错不犯Dear Peter，You can’t imagine what glad I was when I received your letter asking me for the plans in summer holiday.Actually, I have been longing for a relaxed and meaningful summer holiday.The first thing coming to my mind is to get a driving license, what I think is a must for most college student in China.Apart from a completely relaxation, I also plan to take an English course to improve my speaking English.In addition to, I want to take active part in different social activities to better myself.I believe the holiday must be fascinating before I finish the College Entrance Examination.I can’t wait to enjoy them!Yours，Li Hua 答案：第一句：what→how第二句：relaxed→rel axing第三句：what→which; student→students第四句：c ompletely→complete; speaking→spoken第五句：去掉第一个to; take后加an第六句：before→after第七句：them→it应用文写作常见8大文体(二)——邀请信一、写作架构要规范具体写作结构为：二、靓点句式背一番(一)1．We’re throwing a surprise party for ...We’d like to invite you to .../It’s my honor to invite you to ...我们将为……举办惊喜派对。

2020届新高考高三英语复习讲义（七）书面表达“概要写作”对应翻译题训练（D）关于高考概要写作的指导与训练，我要求学生根据原文所划要点并结合原文理解，用中文概括出段落大意，然后用一句话翻译出来。

说得简要一点，高考概要写作体现学生的中译英水平。

所以，如果学生能理解原文，抓住原文要点并能用中文概括出大意，那么，问题的关键就是如何提升学生的翻译能力。

一、翻译原题空气污染 air pollution随着世界人口越来越多，空气污染已经成了严重的问题。

空气污染主要来源于四个不同领域：工业、能源业、交通运输业以及农业。

经营工厂，为火车、飞机和公共汽车提供动力(power)都需要能源。

几乎所有这些能源都是通过燃烧燃料产生的，这就会造成空气污染。

科学家们正在研究对环境破坏较少的新的发电方法。

同时，政府开始意识到环保的重要性并采取相应的措施。

As the world population explodes, air pollution has become a severe problem. Air pollution mainly comes from four different fields: industry, energy, transportation and agriculture. Energy is needed to run factories and provide power for trains, planes and buses. Nearly all the energy is produced by burning fuels, which will result in air pollution. Scientists are studying new ways of producing electricity that can be less damaging to the environment. Meanwhile,the government has come to realize the importance of environmental protection and take appropriate measures.二、单句翻译① 随着世界人口越来越多，空气污染已经成了严重的问题。

2020届新高考高三英语复习讲义（九）书面表达“概要写作”常用短语与表达整理一、说明文一、介绍事物1.因..出名be famous for...well-known/renowned/noted2.历史追溯到...date/be traced back to...3....发生变化The past 10 years have witnessed great changes...4.重要性...is of great/vital importance in......counts/matters.What matter is that...attach significance to...speak highly/poorly of...二、研究现象1....描述现象(越来越流行,引起关注等)The phenomenon of...is gaining popularity....is now a hot topic worldwide....is booming/becoming a trend.The phenomenon that...has long confused/puzzled scientists.2.往往会...people tend to do...people have a tendency to...3....原因在于...fail to realize the importance/necessity of sth.without realizing...be/seem unaware of...key factors lie in/include...4.问题是...... is a big problem waiting for us to deal with....is still a problem to be solved.5.解决办法是...take various approaches/measures to deal with...The long-term solution is to get local people involved in protecting the forest and developing new ways of living without damaging it.6. 渴望/急盼long/desire for...long/desire to do sthbe eager for...be eager to do...be desperate for...be desperate to do sth三、调查报告1.调查结果显示......face challengesA study has found that...Recent research has proved that...It is common that...Nowadays/Today/Currently...find it difficult to do......is highly suggested.As the study hasn't taken all factors into account, further research is needed.2....与...有关be linked to...be associated with...be connected with...发现A和B之间有强烈的关联find a strong link between...and...A是导致B的直接原因。

2020届新高考高三英语复习讲义（八）书面表达“概要写作”对应翻译题训练（E）关于高考概要写作的指导与训练，我要求学生根据原文所划要点并结合原文理解，用中文概括出段落大意，然后用一句话翻译出来。

说得简要一点，高考概要写作体现学生的中译英水平。

所以，如果学生能理解原文，抓住原文要点并能用中文概括出大意，那么，问题的关键就是如何提升学生的翻译能力。

一、翻译原题睡眠紊乱 sleep disorders我们的身体夜晚需要休息，白天需要清醒。

大多数人每晚需要8到8.5个小时的睡眠才能正常运转。

找到更多的时间、更好的睡眠方法可能是个挑战。

科学家已经确认了80多种不同的睡眠紊乱症(sleep disorders)。

有些睡眠紊乱症是遗传的。

但是，许多睡眠紊乱症是由于熬夜，经常旅行以及上夜班(work nights)而引起的。

Our bodies need to sleep at night and stay awake during the day. Most women and men need between eight and eight and a half hours of sleep a night to function properly. Finding ways to get more and better sleep can be a challenge. Scientists have identified more than 80 different sleep disorders. Some sleeping disorders are genetic. But many problems are caused by staying up late and by traveling frequently or by working nights.二、单句翻译①我们的身体夜晚需要休息，白天需要清醒。

新高考高三英语复习讲义（六）书面表达“概要写作”对应翻译题训练（C）关于高考概要写作的指导与训练，我要求学生根据原文所划要点并结合原文理解，用中文概括出段落大意，然后用一句话翻译出来。

说得简要一点，高考概要写作体现学生的中译英水平。

所以，如果学生能理解原文，抓住原文要点并能用中文概括出大意，那么，问题的关键就是如何提升学生的翻译能力。

一、翻译原题越来越多的中国人现在的确离不开手机。

他们中的许多人，包括老年人，都使用手机应用程序保持联系并拓宽朋友圈。

他们也用手机购物，查找信息，因为手机便于携带。

此外，使用手机应用程序通信比传统电话便宜。

然而，这种新趋势导致了人们在社交时过度依赖手机。

事实上，一些年轻人已经变得十分上瘾，以至于忽略了与家人和朋友面对面的交流。

Today, more and more Chinese can't live without phones. Many of them, the old included, keep in touch and expand their circle of friends by mobile apps. They also use phones for shopping and searching information due to their portability. Besides, communication by mobile apps is cheaper than that by traditional phones. However, the new trend also leads to the over dependence on phones. In fact, some youngsters have become so addicted that they ignore face-to-face communication with their family members and friends.二、单句翻译①现在，越来越多的中国人的确离不开手机。

2020届新高考高三英语书面表达“概要写作”模拟练习（四）写作指导一、概要写作完全用自己的一段话(60字，不分段）对他人文章(350字)进行概括和转述。

附：各档次的给分范围和要求二、概写步骤1. 确定文章中心① 中心句统领全文，一般出现在首段；② 关注信息词有助于找到中心句，有些出现在however, but等表转折意义的句子中；有些出现在表承上启下的句式中，如：Here is/are…以及There are several ways to do.. 等；有些出现在表示"…表明" 的动词后，如, find, show, suggest, reveal, indicate, conclude等；有些以疑问句的形式出现；③ 通读全文后，关注并划出反复出现，贯串全文的主题词；④ 体裁以说明文与议论文为主。

2. 文章结构理清段落关系，如：总(段几)-分(段几)-总(段几)3. 划出各小段要点(主题句)① 针对每一段落，省略细节与重复，削减例子内容，划出各小段的主题句;② 划出较重要的次要点(或一两个例子)的关键词或短语, 确保要点齐全;③ 以思维导图的形式建立各小段主题句之间以及各主题句与次要点之间的逻辑关系。

4. 改变表达方式1) 根据已划出的主题句与次要点，对可能转换的关键词（单词，短语与句子）进行复述、整合或重构；2) 确保语法结构和词汇的准确性, 要尽可能把多个信息点整合到一个句子里，将从句变成短语或词块；你可以尽情展示你的词汇量、你的词法与句法功底；3) 转述时要忠于原文，不加入其它观点，忌抄袭原文，同时要注意人称与时态的一致。

4) 综合运用以下技巧进行转换：① 同义近义替换；② 词性转换；③ 句型转换；④ 语态转换；⑤ 反向表达与正话反说；⑥ 句子合并重构;将多个句子合并成一个"多枝共干"式的简单句或复合句。

主要通过句法与词汇，减少使用谓语动语的使用来合并重构。

2020届新高考英语书面表达内容概要高三作文模拟写作指导解读一阅读下面短文,根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。

For many parents, making sure their children get the right amount of sleep can be stressful. This is especially true during high-pressure times such as exams when students tend to study all night for the next day. Unfortunately, it is often counterproductive(适得其反的) because with fewer hours to sleep, the teen brain doesn't get enough time to lay down what they've studied the night before.In her groundbreaking book The Teenage Brain, neuroscientist Dr.Frances Jensen explains that bedtime isn't simply a way for the body to relax and recover after working, studying or playing a hard day. It is the glue that allows us not only to recollect our experiences but also to remember everything we've learned that day. Basically the more we learn, the more we need to sleep, which is why a good sleep is of great importance in achieving success at school.Then how much sleep do teenagers need? There is no magic number for exactly how much sleep teenagers need, but the Austrian Centre for Education inSleep(ACES)suggests 8 to 10 hours per day for high school adolescents. What happens if they don't get enough sleep? According to ACES, poor sleep will have all sorts of negative effects on teenagers, including rise in blood pressure, mood swings and impatient behaviors. Without adequate sleep the focus and attention drifts making itharder to receive information. The brain can no longer function to deal with information properly and access previously learned information.So, how can parents help? If you think your child needs more sleep, try making gradual changes to their sleeping habits. Small increases have been shown to be effective in changing sleep patterns. And remember your children are going through a period of their lives when their brains and bodies are going through a lot of changes. Not only is your job to help make changes, it's also to ride the wave with them. It may not be easy, but they will thank you for it eventually.第一步：通读理解全文，了解文章结构，理清各段落之间的逻辑关系，提取全文中心词，尤其是名词与动词。

2020届新高考高三英语复习讲义（五）书面表达“概要写作”对应翻译题训练（B）关于高考概要写作的指导与训练，我要求学生根据原文所划要点并结合原文理解，用中文概括出段落大意，然后用一句话翻译出来。

说得简要一点，高考概要写作体现学生的中译英水平。

所以，如果学生能理解原文，抓住原文要点并能用中文概括出大意，那么，问题的关键就是如何提升学生的翻译能力。

一、翻译原题过去几年里，移动支付市场在中国蓬勃发展。

随着移动互联网的出现，手机购物逐渐成为一种趋势。

18到30岁的年轻人构成了移动支付市场的最大群体。

由于现在用手机付款极容易，许多消费者在购物时宁愿用手机付款，而不愿用现金或信用卡。

为了鼓励人们多消费，许多商店给使用移动支付的顾客打折。

专家预测，中国移动支付市场未来仍有很大发展潜力。

In the past few years, mobile payment market has developed rapidly in China. With the appearance of mobile internet, shopping on phones has become a trend. The young men between 18 and 30 make up the biggest group of users in the mobile payment market. As the payment by phone is very easy, many consumers are willing to use phones to pay for shopping, not willing to use cash or credit cards. To encourage people to buy more, many shops give a discount to the customers who use mobile payment. Experts predict that China's mobile payment market has great potential for development.The past few years has witnessed the rapid development of China's mobile payment market. The appearance of mobile internet has turned shopping on phones into a trend. The young men between 18 and 30 are the largest consumer group in this market. Considering the extreme convenience of the mobile payment, many consumers are willing to use phones rather than cash or credit cards, for the payment. To encourage people's consumption, many shops offer a discount to customers who use mobile payment. It is predicted by experts that there exists great potential for China's mobile payment market.二、单句翻译①过去几年里，移动支付市场在中国蓬勃发展。