英国历史与文化（公选课）试卷（开卷）2010-2011第二学期第一部分回答问题25%Answer the following questions:1. What is the role of the Monarch in British government?Monarchy is the oldest form of government in the United Kingdom.In a monarchy, a king or queen is Head of State. The British monarchy is known as a constitutional monarchy. This means that, while The Sovereign is Head of State, the ability to make and pass legislation resides with an elected Parliament.Although the British Sovereign no longer has a political or executive role, he or she continues to play an important part in the life of the nation.As Head of State, The Monarch undertakes constitutional and representational duties which have developed over one thousand years of history. In addition to these State duties, The Monarch has a less formal role as 'Head of Nation'. The Sovereign acts as a focus for national identity, unity and pride; gives a sense of stability and continuity; officially recognises success and excellence; and supports the ideal of voluntary service.In all these roles The Sovereign is supported by members of their immediate family.2. What do you know about state schools and ‘public schools’ in the U.K.?About 90 percent of the state secondary school population in Great Britain attend comprehensive schools. These take pupils without reference to ability or aptitude and provide a wide-ranging secondary education for all or most of the children in a district.Many of Britain…s public schools are private-run and long-established and have gained a reputation for their high academic standards，as well as their exclusiveness and snobbery.3.What are the major functions of the Parliament?The main functions of Parliament are: (1) to pass laws; (2) to provide, by voting for taxation, the means of carrying on the work of government; (3) to examine government Policy and administrations, including proposal for expenditure; and (4) to debate the major issues of the day.4. What is the most important established church in Britain?It is the Church of England.5. How much do you know about BBC?The British Broadcasting company (English: Broadcasting Corporation), abbreviation is, is a British BBC funded by the government but the independent operation of public media, has long been considered the most respected global one of the media. In a long time, the BBC has monopolized British television and radio. In 1955 the itv and founded in 1973, before British independent radio stations all over Britain BBC has been the only television, radio broadcasting company. Today is a global except in BBC with high visibility of the media, and also provides all kinds of other services, including books, newspapers and magazines, English teaching, a symphony orchestra and the Internet news service.二．解释短语Explain the following terms:25%1.The United KingdomBritish full name is the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, is from England, Scotland, wales and Northern Ireland constitute the United Kingdom, the unification of the central government and in a head of state. Britain is located in continental Europe in Great Britain, the British home anybody by beihai, British Isles, Celtic sea, across the English channel, surrounded by the Atlantic ocean and the Irish sea. Land area 24.36 square kilometers and a population of about 60 million. Britain is the world's first industrialised countries is a culturally diverse and opening-up thoughts of society. Capital London is Europe's largest and most international characteristic city.2. “Shadow Cabinet”The Shadow Cabinet is a team of fictional superheroes created by Milestone Comics and published by DC Comics. They first appeared in Shadow Cabinet #0 (January 1994), and were created by Dwayne McDuffie, Robert L. Washington III and John Paul Leon. Almost all of the original run, issues #4-11 and #13-17, were written by Matt Wayne.3. Compulsory educationCompulsory education is according to legal provision, school-age children and adolescents have to accept, the state, society, families of national education must be guaranteed. Its essence is national in accordance with legal provisions for school-age children and adolescents particular fixed number of year of the implementation of the education system of the force. Compulsory education say again forced education and free compulsory education. Compulsory education have mandatory, free sex, universality characteristic. Our obligations prescribed in the compulsory education law education of schooling for nine years, this stipulation conforms to China's national conditions, is adequate.4. Constitutional MonarchyA constitutional monarchy is a form of constitutional government, where either an elected or hereditary monarch is the head of state, unlike in an absolutemonarchy, where in the king or the queen is the sole source of political power, as he or she is not legally bound by the constitution. Most constitutional monarchies have a parliamentary system (Australia, Belgium, Cambodia, Canada, Denmark, Japan, Malaysia, Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Spain, Sweden, Thailand, United Kingdom) in which the monarch is the head of state, but a directly- or indirectly-elected prime minister is head of government. Although contemporary constitutional monarchies mostly are representative, parliamentary systems, or constitutional democratic monarchies,[citation needed] they have co-existed with fascist andquasi-fascist constitutions (Italy, Spain) and with military dictatorships.5. Boxing DayBoxing Day is a bank and public holiday commonly occurring on 26 December. It is observed in the United Kingdom, Australia, Canada, Ghana, Switzerland, Germany, Sweden, Norway, Greenland, Netherlands, New Zealand, Hong Kong, Nigeria, Kenya, Guyana, Trinidad & Tobago, Jamaica and other countries in the Commonwealth of Nations with a mainly Christian population. In South Africa this public holiday is now known as the Day of Goodwill. Though it is not an official holiday in the United States, the term "Boxing Day" is used by some Americans, particularly those that live near the Canada –United States border. In Canada, Boxing Day is listed in the Canada Labour Code as a holiday.[1][2] It is not an official holiday in Quebec or British Columbia.第三部分：Choose the answer that best completes the statement or answers the question:50%1. Which of the following book is written by Geoffrey Chaucer? AA. The Canterbury Tales.B. Beowulf.C. King LearD. Morte D‟Arthur.2. which of the following was NOT one of the three forces that led to the Modern Development of Europe? DA. The growth of capitalismB. The RenaissanceC. The Religious ReformationD. The spiritual leadership of the Roman Catholic Church3. Which of the following is not considered a characteristic of London?A. The cultural centre. DB. Business centreC. The financial centre.D. the sports centre.4. Who are the ancestors of the English and the founders of England?A. The Anglo-Saxons. AB. The Normans.C. The Vikings.D. The Romans.5. Which is the largest city in Scotland? CA. Cardiff.B. Edinburgh.C. Glasgow.D. Manchester6. Which of the following is Not a characteristic of the British government? AA. It offers the Queen high political status and supreme power.B. It is both a parliamentary democracy in the world.C. It is the oldest representative democracy in the world.D. It has no written form of Constitution.7. Which of the following kings was executed in the civil war? AA. James IB. James IIC. Charles I.D. Charles II.8. Under whose reign was the Bill of Rights passed? BA. James II.B. William of OrangeC. Oliver Cromwell.D. George I.9.Which group of people cannot vote in the general election? BA. Members in the House of Commons.B. Lords in the House of Lords.C. The UK Citizens above the age of 18.D. The UK resident citizens of the Irish Republic.10.By whom is a “vote of no confidence” decided? DA. The house of Commons.B. The house of Lords.C. The two major parties.D. The Prime Minister.11. The long poem ___C__ in Anglo-Saxon perio d was termed England‟snational epic.A. The Canterbury TalesB. Paradise LostC. The Song of BeowulfD. The Fairy Queen12. Among the great Middle English poets, Geoffrey Chaucer is known for his production of___D_.A. Piers PlowmanB. Sir Gawain and the Green KnightC. Confessio AmantisD. The Canterbury Tales13. ___A____ is regarded as the father of English poetry.A. Geoffrey ChaucerB. Edmund SpenserC. John MiltonD. D. Wordsworth14. Generally, the Renaissance refers to the period between ______ and ______ centuries. AA. 14th...mid-17thB. 14th...mid-18thC. 16th...mid-18thD. 16th...mid-17th15.Shakespeare‟s greate st tragedies are ___A____.A. Hamlet, Othello, King Lear and MacbethB. Hamlet, Othello, King Lear and Romeo and JulietC. Hamlet, Coriolanus, King Lear and MacbethD. Hamlet, Julius caesar, Othello and Macbeth16. The sentence “Shall I compare thee to a summer‟s day?” is the line of oneof Shakespeare‟s___D_A. comediesB. tragediesC. historiesD. sonnets8.17. The 18th century England is known as the ____C__ in the history.A. RenaissanceB. ClassicismC. EnlightenmentD. Romanticism.18. The greatest of Scottish poets was ____A__.A. Robert BurnsB. George CrableC. O. GoldsmithD. Thomas Gray19. The greatest English critical realist novelist was ___B____, who criticizedthe bourgeois civilization and showed the misery of the common people.A. William Makepeace ThackerayB. Charles DickensC. Charlotte BronteD. Emily Dickinson20. The longest river in Britain is ___C__.A. the ClydeB. the MerseyC. the SevernD. the Thames21.Which part of Britain is always fighting____D___?A. EnglandB. ScotlandC. WalesD. Northem Ireland22. The first inhabitants in Britain were __C___.A. the NormansB. the CeltsC. the IberiansD. the Anglo-Saxons23. British Recorded history began with __A___.A. Roman invasionB. the Norman ConquestC. the Viking and Danish invasionD. the Anglo-Saxons invasion24. Christmas Day in __B__, Duke William was crowned in Westminster Abbey.A. 1056B. 1066C. 1006D. 106025.___A__ was famous for his abdication because of his marriage with adivorced Ame was famous for his abdication because of his marriage with a divorced American:A. Edward VIIIB. Edward VIIC. George VID. George VII。
辽宁省沈阳市第七中学2023-2024学年八年级下学期开学考试英语试题学校:___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________一、阅读理解①You may think you cannot live through summer without air conditioners(空调). But in ancient China, hand fans were almost the only help for people to drive the heat away.①Chinese people started to use hand fans over 2,000 years ago. The fans came in different shapes, such as round and square. They were also made from all kinds of materials(材料). Palm leaf fans were cheap and easy to make. Feather(羽毛) fans showed the owner’s high status(地位). Sandal wood(檀香) fans could send out a sweet smell.①Later, hand fans became even more popular because they were seen as artworks. At that time, tuanshan (round fans) and zheshan (folded fans) were the most common.①In the shape of a full moon, tuanshan was usually made of silk. They had beautiful embroidery(刺绣) of birds and flowers on them. Women, especially those in the palace, liked to use them. Poets in ancient China often compared a woman’s abandoned(被抛弃的) fate to tuanshan. Nalan Xingde wrote during the Qing Dynasty, “If only life were as beautiful as when we first met, why should the autumn wind bother to pity deserted painted fans?”①However, men, especially the literati(文人), used zheshan, or folded fans. The literati liked them because zheshan were usually made of paper and they could paint and write poems on them. It was a way for them to show off their talents in literature, painting and calligraphy(书法). Almost anything can be painted on zheshan, but the most popular ones are usually landscapes(风景).①Today, Chinese people still use these fans. They have already become a symbol of Chinese culture and also a part of our everyday life. So the next time you use a fan, you may think of the stories behind it.1．According to this passage, which of the following may be Wang Xizhi’s favorite hand fan?a. b. c. d.A．ac B．ad C．bc D．bd2．Which of the following is the Chinese translation of the underlined sentence in Paragraph 4?A．人生若只如初见，何事秋风悲画扇。
2024年中考英语新热点时文阅读-外国文学作品01（2023·江苏淮安·校考一模）Huck is my name, Huckleberry Finn. The story started when my best friend, Tom Sawyer and I found $12,000 in a cave. That money made us rich. We got $6,000 each. Judge Thatcher, an important man in St. Petersburg, put it in the bank, and now we get a dollar a day interest (利息).Then a kind old lady called Douglas invited me to live with her because I haven’t got a family or a home. My mother died a long time ago, then my dad, Pap, disappeared. He was a violent (暴力的) man especially when he drank a lot, which was most of the time, and he often beat me. I was scared of him. I didn’t go to school like the other boys of my age. I lived on the streets and in the woods.My life changed after I lived with Douglas. She gave me a bed to sleep in and bought new clothes for me. She read stories to me and taught me how to eat at a table. But then her sister Miss Watson arrived. She brought her black slave (奴隶) Jim with her. I liked Jim but I didn’t like Miss Watson very much. She often shouted at me.Douglas sent me to school every day. I didn’t like going there at first because learning was very difficult. But when I could read and write a bit, I didn’t mind going.The months passed and winter came. The weather got cold. One morning I woke up and there was snow on the ground. On my way to school I saw some footprints outside Douglas’s house. There was a cross on the heel (脚后跟)of the left one. My heart jumped. Only one person wore boots with a cross on the left heel! Pap!“He’s heard about my ________” I thought. “And he wants it!”That night I went to see Jim. Jim had a magic ball made of animal hair. There was a spirit inside the ball that could answer people’s questions about the future.—Adapted from Adventures of Huckleberry Finn1．How did Huck get the money which was put in the bank?A．Huck’s father gave it to him.B．Huck’s mother left it to him before she died.C．Douglas gave it to him.D．He and Tom Sawyer found it in a cave.2．How did Huck feel about the life with Douglas?A．He hated his new life.B．He didn’t mind his new life.C．He felt satisfied with his new life.D．He wanted to get away from his new life.3．Which word can be put in the “__________”?A．life B．spirit C．secret D．money4．Which is the right order of what happened in the story?①Douglas sent Huck to school.②Huck’s mother died.③Douglas invited Huck to live with her.④Douglas read stories to Huck.A．③②④①B．②③④①C．③④②①D．②④③①02（2023·江苏镇江·统考中考真题）Katie was waiting for Gulliver’s calls. Instead, she just heard sparrows making noise in the bushes. “Maybe Gulliver missed the harbour.” Dad said. After breakfast, Katie took her camera to the harbour. All the colourful boats made pretty pictures, but not the one she wanted most.Katie waved to Ernest, her uncle’s neighbour, on the boathouse. The gull’s name, Gulliver, was given by him.The gull’s size and his single leg made the bird itself different. But Ernest told Katie what Gulliver did that first summer Katie and her dad came caught everyone’s attention. Young Katie lay in her stroller (婴儿车) on the floating dock (码头) when Uncle Ralph and Dad were repairing boats nearby. The waves from the passing boat made Katie’s stroller shake strongly. “Kee-aah! Kee-aah!” Gulliver made the loudest cry. Dad and uncle rushed to Katie and stopped the stroller from falling into the water. They kept a close eye at Katie after that. Another summer Katie was three years old, she liked to touch everything. But Dad didn’t watch her every minute when she tried to catch small ducks around or fish from water. “Kee-aah! Kee-aah!” The gull’s cry brought Dad back in time. He stopped Katie as she tried to follow the small ducks running towards water. Several summers passed, and Gulliver continued to call out as Katie tried new things.This summer Katie did the usual by-the-sea things she’d learned to do. One day, she rowed a boat out but was trapped on a rock by a storm. As she looked up and tried to catch the last warmth of the sunshine through dark clouds, she saw a single white feather. A gull feather? She searched the sky for an answer. Putting her arms around knees, she closed eyes to hold in the tears (眼泪). “Kee-aah! Kee-aah!” Katie sat up. “Katie! Katie!” Soon, Dad and Uncle Ralph appeared. “How lucky! We heard Gulliver as we came around the rocks,” Uncle Ralph said, “At least… it sounded like him. Strange, he was nowhere in sight.” Katie remembered the feather. “I thought I heard him, too.”—Adapted from the story by Gillian Richardson5．Katie took a camera to the harbour in order to take a picture of ________.A．Gulliver B．Ernest C．sparrows D．boats6．What’s the right order of the following events about Katie?①She was trapped on a rock by a storm.②She lay in her stroller on the floating dock.③She followed the small ducks running towards water.A．①②③B．①③②C．②③①D．②①③7．Which of the following can show the change of Katie’s feelings in Paragraph 3?A．sad—peaceful—excited B．sad—excited—nervousC．helpless—hopeful—thankful D．helpless—thankful—nervous8．What’s the best title for the story?A．Katie and Gulliver B．Katie’s HolidaysC．Katie and Dad D．Katie’s Tears03（2023·江苏宿迁·校联考一模）Marie didn’t like Eva’s friendship with Tom, so she told her husband that she didn’t want any smell of horses in the house. St Clare told Tom to stop working with the horses. Eva told her father she liked going for walks with Tom. So Tom had orders to leave what he was doing when Eva needed him. Eva and Tom spent a lot of time together.Tom noticed that St Clare didn’t look after his money and his house very well, and that he spent too much money on the wrong things. He started making some suggestions, and soon St Clare understood that Tom’s business advice was very good. After some time Tom started to look after the house expenses（费用）.Tom also noticed that his master didn’t take anything seriously and didn’t live well, and this worried him. One night St Clare went to a party where he drank too much. He came home very late, and Tom and another slave（奴隶）had to help him to get into bed. Tom went into his room and prayed（祈祷）for his master.The morning after, St Clare gave Tom some money to do some business for him. Tom took the money but he didn’t move.“Well, Tom, what are you waiting for?” said St Clare. “Is everything alright?”“I’m afraid not, Master,” said Tom.“What’s the problem? You look very serious.”“I feel very bad, Master. I thought that Master was always going to be good to everybody.”“Well, Tom, am I not? Do you need anything?”“No, Master is always good to me. But there is someone that Master isn’t good to.”“What do you mean?”“I thought about it last night. Master isn’t good to himself.”St Clare felt his face become red, then he laughed. “Oh, Tom!” said St Clare, with tears in his eyes. “Well, you’re right. Never again, Tom, I promise.”—Adapted from Uncle Tom’s Cabin9．Tom was asked to, leave what he was doing to ________A．work with horses B．go for walks with EvaC．spend some time with St Clare D．look after money for St Clare10．In Paragraph 3, the thing that worried Tom is ________.A．St Clare asked Tom to look after his moneyB．St Clare drank too much every dayC．St Clare didn’t look after himself well and didn’t live wellD．St Clare didn’t look after Tom well11．The underlined word “himself ” in Paragraph 12 is ________.A．Maria B．St Clare C．Eva D．Tom12．According to the passage, the correct order of the story is ________.a. Maria was unhappy with Eva’s friendship with Tom.b. St Clare felt moved and joyful when he laughed.c. St Clare gave Tom some money to do some business for him.d. Tom’s master spent too much money on the wrong things.A．adcb B．abcd C．badc D．dabc13．From the passage, we know that Tom was a ________ person.A．lazy but smart B．kind but stupid C．caring and brave D．lazy and stupid04（2023·湖南长沙·统考二模）The Adventures of Huckleberry Fine by Mark Twain is one of the first Great American Novels. It was also one of the first major American novels ever written by using Local Colorism（地方色彩主义）. The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn is famous for its colorful description of people and places along the Mississippi River.This book is about how a boy called Huck set the slave（奴隶）free and realized his dream of living an adventures life. In order to get out of his father’s control. Hook pretended that he was dead by Jim, who is practical and loyal to friends. Jim went together with Huck in the journey, and they became friends after experience. scenes of adventures. In their voyage, they met two frauds（骗子）. One called himself king, the other duke. Because of the king, Jim got caught by his master. By an expected chance, Huck and Tom, best friend of Hack. Got together, and they decided to set Jim free. At last, they made it.Although the book has been popular with young readers since it came out, the book immediately became controversial（有争论的）and has remained so today because the Southern society that it satirized（讽刺）had already been history.14．Where did the story happen in The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn? ________A．Along the Mississippi River.B．In the southern states.C．In Canada.15．What is the plot（情节）of the story? ________①Huck met a run-away slave. Jim.②Huck met two frauds.③Huck pretended to be dead.④Jim was caught by his master and then set free.A．①②③④B．③①②④C．③②①④16．What does the underlined word “pretended” mean in Paragraph 2 ________.A．否定B．承认C．假装17．We can read the following in the passage EXCEPT ________.A．history of Local ColorismB．Huck’s life experienceC．popularity of the book18．What can we learn from the passage? ________A．It’s Buck’s dream to live a peaceful life.B．The book has gained a lot of attention.C．Huck succeeded in setting Jim free on his own.05（2023·吉林长春·统考一模）They left the busy streets and went to a part of the town Scrooge never visited. It was a terrible place. The streets were dirty, and the smell was very bad. The houses and shops were of the poorest kind. The people were all thin, dirty, and they looked very ill. Everything was ugly.They came to where an old man sat. He was selling dirty pieces of cloth, smelly old bones, and all kinds of old and useless things. As they watched, two old women and an old man, equally dirty, smelly, and ugly came into the shop. They carried large bags.“Come and sit by the fire,” the shopkeeper said. “Tell me what you have to sell me.”“Nothing a dead man will miss,” the first woman said with a nasty（让人讨厌的）laugh.“If he wanted to keep them after he was dead, why wasn’t he a good man when he was alive? If he had been, he would have had someone to look after him. He would not have died alone.”“That’s very true,” said the second woman, putting a few clothes on the floor. “He got the death he deserved.” She pointed at the clothes. “What will you give me for those, Joe?” She asked the shopkeeper, adding, “I did nowrong taking them from the dead man’s house.”The shopkeeper looked at everything the woman wanted to sell him and put a price on it. Then he added everything up. The final amount was very small.“That’s not much,” the woman said.“Take it or leave it,” the shopkeeper said. “I won’t pay a penny（便士）more.”—Taken from A Christmas Carol根据短文内容，选择最佳答案。
