高级英语第一册 Unit10 The trial that rocked the world

Unit Ten The Trial That Rocked the WorldTeaching Periods: 8Teaching Object:English majors of junior yearTeaching Aims·To enable students to get better understanding of the text·To help students learn to use new words and useful expressions in the text ·To enable students to learn to paraphrase some complicated sentences·To enrich students’knowledge about American trial culture and religious culture·To help students appreciate the style and rhetoric of the textTeaching Focus:·Cultural Information·Language points and expressions·The theme of the story·Figures of speechTeaching Difficulties:·Paraphrasing some sentences·Identifying figures of speech·Appreciation of narrative style of writingTeaching Procedures·Background information·Questions to ponder·Detailed study of the text·Structural analysis·Rhetorical devices and effective writing skills·ExerciseTime Allocation: 8 periods, 360minutes·Background information (20 minutes)·Intensive study of the text (250 minutes)·Exercise (90 minutes)I. Background Information1. Charles Darwin & his The Origin of Speciesi Charles Darwin(1809-1882): British, world famous naturalist and biologist;originator of the theory of man’s evolution by natural selection; his best known works: Origin of Species(1859),Descent of Man(1871).better chance of surviving, and thus be naturally selected. From the strong principle of inheritance, any selected variety will tend to propagate its new andmodified form.”ii. The Process of Natural Selection:“As many more individuals of each species are born than can possibly survive, and as, consequently, there is a frequently recurring struggle for existence, itfollows that any being, if it vary however slightly in any manner profitable to itself, under the complex and sometimes varying conditions of life.2. about the TrialJohn Thomas Scopes came to Tennessee fresh out of college. In the spring of 1925, he had just completed his first year as science teacher and part-time football coach at the high school in the little town of Dayton.Scopes planned to return home to Kentucky for the summer. But in his words, "a beautiful blonde" distracted him and he stayed for another week hoping for a date. The decision changed his life forever.It all began when the state of Tennessee passed a law making it a crime to teach evolution in public schools. A new organization called the American Civil Liberties Union responded immediately. The ACLU placed an ad inviting a teacher to help test the law in the courts. Dayton was in an economic slump, and the town's movers and shakers thought a sensational trial would put Dayton "on the map."John Scopes was playing tennis when a group of businessmen called him to the town gathering place, Robinson's drugstore. They asked if he would be willing to be indicted for teaching evolution. Though he could not remember actually teaching Darwin's theory, Scopes believed in evolution and agreed to the plan.The trial quickly became a media circus. John Scopes was to have Clarence Darrow, America's top criminal lawyer, defend him. The famous politician and anti-evolutionist, William Jennings Bryan, volunteered to assist the prosecution. Reporters from all over the country flocked to Dayton, including an announcer from Chicago's WGN radio. It would be the first live broadcast of a trial in American history.The trial began on July 10, 1925. "The town was filled with men and women who considered the case a duel to the death," John Scopes later wrote. "Everything I did was likely to be noted. "But over the next two weeks nobody paid much attention to the defendant. Attorneys for both sides hogged the spotlight in the overheated courtroom. In the words of historian Kevin Tierney, "Scopes was being used. He was completely willing to be used. But essentially the case had been taken over by the big names."On the most sensational day of the trial, when Clarence Darrow interrogated William Jennings Bryan as an expert on the Bible, Scopes actually became a reporter for his own trial --filling in for a journalist who had left town!The trial ended in a conviction. The judge imposed a fine of $100 and John Scopes spoke for the first time. "Your honor," he said, "I feel that I have been convicted of violating an unjust statute. I will continue in the future, as I have in the past, to oppose this law in any way I can."For Scopes, the trial had been an ordeal. When it was all over, he gave up teaching and left town. He accepted a scholarship to the University of Chicago, received a master's degree in geology and took a job as a petroleum engineer in Venezuela --where no one had ever heard of him.In 1960 the defendant returned to the scene of his "crime" when the movie versionof the trial, Stanley Kramer's Inherit the Wind, premiered at a Dayton drive-in. Scopes saw himself on the big screen as Bertram Cates, defender of science and victim of intolerance. In the film he is jailed for his beliefs.In 1967 John Scopes summed up his life in his lively autobiography, Center of the Storm. "A man's fate, shaped by heredity and environment and an occasional accident," he wrote, "is often stranger than anything the imagination may produce."3. about the persons involvedi. John Scope: the last surviving principal of the famous Tennessee “Monkey Trial”of 1925. The man whose name became synonymous with the teaching of evolution in American schools.ii. Clarence Darrow(1857-1938): American lawyer. He acted professionally in many cases against monopolies or on the side of labor; he pleaded for the Negro defendants in the Scottsboro trial (1932). He was also the president of the American League to abolish Capital Punishment.iii. William Jennings Bryan(1860-1925); American leader, editor, and popular lecturer; three times a nominee for the presidency of the US.,Secretary of State (1901-1913). Just before his death (1925) Bryan figured as one of the prosecuting attorneys and a state’s witness against the teaching of Darwinian evolution in the famed Scopes trial held at Dayton, Tennessee.II. Questions to ponder1. Can you tell some information about the Fundamentalist movement?2. Do you know Darwin’s theory of evolution?3.Would you like to tell the story of Adam and Eve?4. Would you like to tell the story of creation?III. Detailed Study of the Text1.rock: to cause great shock and surprise to2. A buzz ran through the crowd… that sweltering July day in 1925:Buzz: the vibrating sound of a bee; here it refers to the sound of many people whispering or talking excitedly in low tones.Sweltering: oppressively hot and humid; very hot, causing unpleasantness.3. The counsel for my defence…Counsel: one or more lawyers acting for someone in a court of lawCriminal lawyer: a specialist in criminal law (law related to crime or its punishment)4. Leading counsel for the prosecution… that had brought about my trial:5. Seated in court… of Harvard University:On somebody’s behalf: to benefit, support, serve the interests of somebody Distinguished: renowned, eminent, recognized for excellence in some field.6. a jury trial: a trial that had a jury ( a group of 12 responsible, impartial citizens chosen to hear the case and make the decision (reach a verdict) of guilty or not in accordance with their findings)7. “Don’t worry…” as we were waiting for the court to open:We’ll show them a few tricks:We’ll do a few things to outwit them (the prosecution); or we have some clever and unexpected tactics and we will surprise them in the trial.Reassuring arm: Obviously the arm can’t be reassuring; it means in a reassuring manner, a friendly gesture to put John at ease.8.erupt: emerge suddenly and violently; explode9. clash: conflict, disagreement10. adhere to : believe in, follow devotedly11. advance: put forward; propose12. ancestor: a person, esp. one living a long time ago, from whom another is descended13. state legislature: official body of people who pass laws. Each of the 50 states in the U.S. has a legislature. The national legislature is called the congress.14. squarely: directly15. legality: in keeping with a law, or a requirement of law16. When I was indicted… in U.S. historyindict: to charge(someone) formally with an offence in lawSnowball: grow rapidly in size or significance17. renowned: (formal) famous, distinguished, suggesting being named publicly again and again for some outstanding quality, achievement, etc.18. circus: public entertainment consisting of a variety of performances by acrobats, clowns and trained animals, often performed in large tents by a group that travels from one town to another.19.festoon: decorate; a festoon is a string of flowers, leaves, ribbons, etc. suspended ina curve between two points20. The streets… and water melons:Sprout: grow or develop quicklyRickety: liable to fall or break down because weak, shaky21. Evangelists set up tents to exhort the passersby:Evangelist: any one who preached the Christian gospel, esp. a traveling preacher Exhort: urge earnestly22. infidel: unbelievers in religious sense, meaning godless and implying being in the hands of the devil23. The presiding judge… reg’lar mountaineer jedge”:Presiding: person in charge of the proceedings, person holding position of authority Florid-faced: face flushed with rosy color; ruddy face24. Bryan, ageing and paunchy.. Tom steward:Paunchy: (derog or humor) (esp. of a man) having a fat stomach; pot-bellied25. Besides the shrewd 68-year-old Darrow… steeped in the law:Shrewd: astute, sharp, clever, not to be outwittedMagnetic: strongly attractive; said of a person. Personality etc.Steep: immerse, saturate, absorb or imbue26. agnostic: a person who questions, doubts the existence of God and claims that Hisexistence can’t be proved.27. The judge called for… “ That’s one hell of a jury!”:Call for: send forOpen the session: begin the trialunder way: in motion, in progressGrowl: complain in an angry or surly manner; utter in a gruff, rumbling voice, esp. angrily28. one hell of a jury: no jury at all; a completely inappropriate juryExamples: That was a hell of an exam.It’s been one hell of a trip.It’s a hell of a change.29. spar: (fig.) engage in argument; fight with words30. bigotry: obstinate narrow-mindedness; intolerance; prejudice31. rampant: widespread and impossible to control; spreading unchecked32.After a while… to the human mind:Bigot: someone obstinately and intolerantly devoted to his own beliefs, creed or party Faggot: a bundle of sticks for firewood bound together33. snort: say in a scornful, contemptuous way as if with a snort (exhale forcibly and noisily through the nostrial, as a horse)34. warm: become more enthusiastic, animated35. brandish: wave menacingly, as a weapon36. sonorous: having a pleasantly full loud sound37. reconcile: find agreement between; make (arguments, ideas etc.) consistent, compatible etc.38. out-thrust: pushed out39. Gone was the fierce fervour … a prairie fire:Fierce fervour: ardent, extreme intensity of emotionSwept … like a prairie fire: moved quickly with the speed of a fire in a large flat grassland40. scorch: parch; wither; burn41. agency: (usu. sing.) the power or force which causes a result; influence; means; instrumentality42. hush: stillness; quiet, silence, esp. a peaceful one43. adjourn: close or suspend a meeting, usually to be resumed at another time44. entrepreneur: a person who organizes and manages a business undertaking, assuming the risk for the sake of the profit45. Spectators paid… be related:Gaze: look steadily for a period of timePonder: spend time in considering carefully46. brute: (often derog.) an animal, esp. a large one47. sulphurous: violently emotional; heated; fiery48. yokes: (humorous or derog.) naïve, gullible, narrow-minded small town or country people; hicks, bumpkins49. perch: rest, stand or sit on some elevated place, usually referring to birds50. Now Darrow… for the defense:Trump card: in some card games, a certain suit if declared trump, i.e., as outranking all other suits; the winning card; an important advantagespring his trump card: use suddenly that which is most advantageous to his cause in order to improve his position51. wily: clever in tricks, esp. for getting something one wants; crafty; sly52. repel: drive back by or as if by force53. Under Darrow’s quiet questioning … with fervent “Amens”Defiant: showing no fear or respectFervent: showing great warmth of feeling; intensely devoted or earnest54. snigger: sarcastic, somewhat stifled laugh55. twirl: swing or spin in a circle quickly56. livid: pale with rage57. slur: unfair damaging remark; any remark or action that harms or is meant to harm someone’s reputation58. quell: (poet. And rhet.) suppress, quiet59. My heart… shake Darrow’s hand:Go out to: be extended toHeart goes out to:( formal) feel sorry for; feel pity or sympathy for60. verdict: the official decision made by a jury in a court of law, declared to the judge at the end of a trial61. hail: greet; acclaim, designate62. overlook: have a view of (something or someone) from above63. The oratorical storm… passing yearsBlow up: ( of bad weather) start blowing; arrive; ariseIn its wake: following directly or close behind it; following as a consequenceIV. Structural Analysis of the Text:Section one: An introduction to the atmosphere and the characters (paras10-11): 1. Bryan (ageing and paunchy), John Butler (an ill-educated man), Tom Steward ( a brilliant lawyer, Bryan’s son ), and the multitude mostly fundamentalists2. Darrow(68year-old, shrewd, an agnostic), Dudley Field Malone(43, handsome and magnetic, a Catholic), Arthur Garfield Hays (quiet, scholarly and steeped in the law, a Jew), and my father from Kentucky3. The presiding judge: John Raulston (florid-faced, “I’m jist a reg’lar mountaineer jedge”)Section Two: First round of the debate (paras12-25):1.The first day(paras12-15):1)An open session with prayer2)The preliminary sparring over legalities3)Darrow’s opening statement2.The following day(paras16-25):1)Calling witnesses against me2)Bryan rose to address the jury(20-22)3)Dudley Field Malone popped up to reply(23-25)Section Three: The court adjourned (paras26-28)Situations on Dayton’s streetsSection Four: The Climax of the Trial (paras29-43)DarrowvsBryan: a discussion on the BibleSection Five: The verdict and my fate (paras44-46)The verdict was guilty. I got fined 100 dollars and the cost. I was offered my teaching job but I declined. I was offered a scholarship so that I could pursue the study of science at the Univercity of Chicago. Later I became a geologist for an oil company. Section Six: I went back to Dayton(paras47-49)---Changes in the small town:1. A William Jennings Bryan University on a hill-top overlooking the valley.2. The oratorial storm that Clarence Darrowand Dudley Field Malone blew up in the little court in Dayton swept like a fresh wind through the schools and legislative offices of the United States, Bringing in its wake a new climate of intellectual and academic freedom that has grown with the passing years.V. Rhetoric Devices & Effctive Writing Skills1) Rhetoric Devices1. simile It is a comparison between two distinctly different things and the comparisoni s indicated by the words’“as, like”.2. metaphor3. synecdoche: Synecdoche is applied when a part is substituted for the whole or the whole is substituted for a part.一辆“红旗”开了进来。

高级英语第一册第十课震撼世界的审判Tenth lessonsThe Trial That Rocked the WorldJohnIn the hot days of 1925 and July, when I was seated in the packed courtroom, a buzz ran in the crowd. My defence is a famous criminal lawyer Clarence Darrow?. Served as prosecutor is eloquent orator William? Jennings? Blaine, he has three times by the Democratic nominee for president of the United States, but also led me to the trial of the Christian fundamentalist movement leaders.A few weeks ago, I was just an unknown to the public in Tennessee mountain town school teacher in Dayton, and now I have become a great trial of the parties. Seated in court to testify for me with the Harvard University kodri? Led by Professor Mather, a dozen prestigious professors and scientists. There are more than 100 journalists, and even radio announcer, they have epoch-making to broadcast a jury trial. As we wait for the court when Darrow concern around my shoulder to comfort: "don't worry, son, we will give them a severe look."I just came to Dayton school as a natural science teacher and football coach soon, this case will suddenly come to my head. For years, a clash has been brewing between fundamentalists and the modernist. Fundamentalists adhered to a literal interpretation of the "Old Testament", and modernist Charles? Darwin's theory of evolution -- that all animal life, includingmonkeys and men are from the same ancestors evolved.Fundamentalist forces were strong in Tennessee, and the state legislature recently passed a law forbidding the public to teach "any theory that denies biblical creationism."." The new law is directed at Darwin's theory of evolution. There was a man named George? Pull Apulia engineer because of opposition to the regulations and the local people often debate. There is a debate, said that anyone who wants to pull the Puglia, teach biology, can not speak of evolution. Because I was teaching biology, so they called me to testify."La Puglia is right," I say to them."Then you're breaking the law," one of them said."All the other teachers are breaking the law, too," I replied. "In Hunter's biological basis, we talked about evolution. That's the textbook we use."So, pull a proposal. "Let's deliver the matter to the court," he said. "To see if it's legal."."When I was formally indicted in May 7th, no one had expected me to have imagined that my case would become so great that it would become one of the most famous trial cases in the history of the United states. The American Civil Liberties Union announces that, if necessary, the Federation will submit my case to the United States Supreme Court, "to ensure that teachers are not sent to prison for teaching truth."." Then, Blaine volunteered to assist the state government inprosecuting me.The famous lawyer Clarence Darrow? Immediately offered to defend me. Ironically, I didn't know Daro before the trial, but I met Blaine, who was speaking at school when I was in college.I admire him, though I don't agree with him.By the time the trial began in July 10th, we had a circus like atmosphere in the small town of one thousand and five hundred people. Flags were hung from buildings on both sides of the main street. On the streets around the court's three story red brick house, there were suddenly many rickety vendors shelves, selling hot dogs, religious books and watermelons. Evangelists also set up tents in the streets and preached sermons to passers-by. Nearby mountain dwellers, most of them fundamentalists, rushed to the town to cheer Blaine on against foreign infidels". Among them were John Butler who drafted the anti evolution law. Butler is a forty-nine year old farmer, the election had never been out of his native county.The presiding judge named John? Raulston, a ruddy man. "I'm just a plain mountain judge," he said, with a strong accent." Blaine looked old and clumsy, potbellied. He has 185 sons, a lawyer and a young and promising attorney general, Tom,, to help him with the prosecution. Mr. Stewart, the young attorney general of the state of Tennessee. I counsel in addition to savvy sixty-eight year old Darrow, and handsome, charismaticforty-three year old Dadelei? And Malone feld? Knowledge, the ornamental and the combined plain properties of law, especially with Arthur? Gafeierde Hess?. In a religion played a key role in the trial, Darrow was an agnostic, Malone was a Catholic,and Hays a jew. My father came specially from Kentucky to accompany me to face the trial.The judge invited a local priest to preside over the prayer service, and then the trial began. Of the twelve members of the jury, three did not read any book other than the Bible, and one could not read at all. No wonder my father angrily said: "really fucking shit jury!"Fulfills the provisions of the legal proceedings, Darrow got up to speak. "My friend Mr. attorney general told us that John? Our scopes knows why he was brought to court," Darrow drawled. "I also know why he was brought to court. That is because ignorance and prejudice are rampant, and the two are combined to form a powerful force."In the hot oven like Darrow like court pacing measured steps. "The teacher is attacked today," he continued. "Tomorrow it will be magazines, books and newspapers.". Before long, the society will is a kind of person and human enemies, different religious sects and the enemies of the situation, until we are marching backwards to the glorious age of the sixteenth Century, then if anyone dares to bring wisdom, knowledge and culture, will be bigots lit the pyre burned alive."His voice just fell, he heard a woman whispered loudly: "damn the heathen!"Second days, the prosecution began to summon witnesses to testify in court. My two students, who shyly giggled at me, testified to the court that I had told them about evolution,but added that they were not poisoned. A clever fourteen year old boy named Howard Morgan testified that I told them that humans were mammals like cows, horses, dogs and cats."He didn't say a cat was the same as a man?" Darrow asked."No, sir," said the child. "He said that people are capable of thinking." "This is not afraid of it," Darrow snorted.After the testimony of the witness, Blaine stood up to the jury. The question is simple, "he said." Christians believe that man comes from the sky, and evolutionism thinks that man must come from the ground." The spectators could not help but giggle, Blaine is getting more and more vigorously, his hand waving a biology textbook, the side of the mouth he denounced the scientists who had come to Dayton as my witness."The Bible", "his sonorous voice is" raise a hue and cry from scholars and experts, not by those who came all the way to witness out of the court. These experts came here for the purpose of advocating the theory of evolution is to prove that human ancestors from the jungle and God in secret, according to the image of the creation of human and arranged into the world view, is run parallel."The end of his speech, chin up, with shining eyes, the audience immediately broke out in cheers applause and shouts "Amen". But there seems to be something missing. The fiery fervor that Blaine had shown in the past when he swept through politics as a prairie fire has disappeared. The audience seemed to feel that their champion can not fully play its eloquence those hereticsa Petals drop and waters flow.Dadelei? How? Malone jumped up against Blaine. "Blaine is not the only person qualified to defend the Bible," he said. "In our country, there are people who devote all their lives to God and religion.". Mr. Blaine, however, enthusiastically devoted most of his life to politics." Blaine took a sip from the cup, and Malone's tone of voice grew higher and higher. He called for academic freedom and accused Blaine of deliberately stirring up a desperate duel between science and religion."No man has ever been able to fight the truth," he roared. "The truth is always winner - we are not afraid of that.". Truth needs no Mr Blaine. Truth is eternal, immortal, and does not have to rely on human strength to preserve it!"When Malone finished, there was a silence on the field, but then the court broke into a mighty storm of applause. More than just as Blaine's applause. However, although the game with Blaine Malone in the victory, the scientists decided not to judge here to testify for the defence.During the recess,We found Dayton town streets and lanes everywhere was crowded with strangers, in every corner there are some hawkers selling goods. A shop sign says: Darwin: Yes - just inside. This is little Darwin's clothing store. And a contractor rented a shop window to show an ape. Some people spend money to see the ape and wonder if they may have any origins."The poor brute with his hands over his eyes, curled up in a corner," a reporter wrote, "that is really the homologous."H L?. Mencken wearing shorts, while blowing fan, and write some spicy irony telecommunications presentation. Because of what he called "hillbilly" in the local residents, so people talk to him out of town. The twenty-two day to send a telegraph operator one hundred and sixty-five thousand word report the trial message.Because of the heat and the fear that the old court floor would collapse because of the weight of the crowd, the trial went on under the maple tree in the open. Come to view the trial of more than 2000 people, some of them sat down on a wooden bench, or squatting on the grass, some lying in a parked car on the roof, others from the window gawked looked. Then the climax of the trial arrived. Due to the limitations of the anti evolution law, the prosecution had to adhere to the position that the Bible must be interpreted literally. At this time, Darrow sprang his trump card to call Blaine as a witness for the defence. The judge was all surprised. "We want him as a witness because he is the" Bible "experts," Darrow said. As an authority on Confucian classics, his reputation is universally acknowledged."Blaine was suspicious, I do not know that the gourd in Darrow full of craft and cunning to sell what medicine, but he could not accept the challenge. For years he has been in the interpretation of "the Bible", and also worked on the "Bible" books. Even before the anti evolution laws were passed, he launched an anti Darwinian campaign in Tennessee. At this time, I saw him holding a resolute courageous is like a palm leaf fan,take it as a tuidi sword like, with vigorous strides went to witness.In the calm tone Taowen Darrow, he admitted that his "Bible" of the word, the onlookers of his passionate answer from time to time and with a warm, shouting "amen.Darrow opened the "Genesis" read: "the night all the morning were the first day." Next he asked Blaine if he believed that the sun was created in fourth days, and Blaine answered that he believed."How could there be no sun before the morning and evening?" asked darrow.Blaine mopped his bald dome in silence. Laughter broke out in the crowd, and even some devout Christians laughed. Darrow twirled his glasses, while continuing to ask questions. He asked if Blaine believed the story of Eve every word is true, Blaine replied in the affirmative."Then you have to believe that God punished the serpent will let all the snakes from the ever creeping story is true?""I believe it to be true.".""Well, then you know how the snake went before that?"The audience of the trial laughed loudly. Blaine was livid with anger and fury his voice rose, holding a fan kept shaking."Your honor," he said. "I'm going to answer all of Mr. Daro's questions at once. I want the world to know that the unbelieving man is using the courts of Tennessee to slander god......""I disagree with this statement," Darrow shouted. "I'm just testing your foolish ideas. No Christian in the world would believe your thoughts."."The judge gavel sounded stopped noise, immediately adjourned the retrial.Blaine stood there all alone. When the audience have pushed past him with Romania shake hands when my heart is sad for the heroes of the past.At noon on the second day, the jury was ordered to decide on the case. The jurymen retired to a corner of the lawn, whispered for just nine minutes, the verdict was guilty. I was fined $one hundred and paid for the lawsuit.Dadelei? How? Malone said the trial result is a "victory of the battle for me". Several southern newspapers, calling their loyalty to the hero who had lost their former glory, called the trial "Blaine's victory" and cheered it. Blaine I was sad and exhausted, after the trial had died in Dayton two days.The school asked me to go back to my former teaching position, but I declined. Several professors who have come to testify for me have secured me a scholarship to University of Chicago, so that I can continue my studies in science. Later, I became a geologist with an oil company.Not long ago, I in the trial thirty-seven years after the first return to dayton. In my eyes, the town is still in sight, but there is just one more William Jennings Blaine University, situated on a small hillside overlooking the valley below.There are a few other changes. Evolution has been taught in Tennessee, although the law that convicted me has not been repealed. By Clarence Darrow and Dadelei feld Malone set off in the small town of Dayton Court on that debate is like a storm wind through the schools and the legislature of the United States, followed by new thoughts and academic freedom in growing the.。

Lesson Ten The Trial That Rocked the World词汇注释：sweltering adj. being uncomfortably hot; suffering from the heat 热得难受的例：a sweltering climate 闷热的气候counsel n. a lawyer or group of lawyers giving advice about legal matters and representing clients in court. 辩护律师，法律参谋例：The court heard the counsel for both sides. 法庭听取了双方律师的陈述。

silver-tongued adj. eloquent, persuasive 雄辩的，有口才的orator n. person who makes formal speeches in public; person who is good at public speaking.演说者，演说家例：a fine political orator 优秀的政治演说家nominee n.person who is nominated for an office, a position, etc. 被提名的候选人，被任命之人testify v. give evidence; declare as a witness, esp. in court 提供证据，作证例：The teacher testified to the boy’s honesty. 老师证明那孩子很老实。

/Two witnesses testified against her and one in her favour. 有两个证人的证词对她不利，另一个人的对她有利。

同义词：verify, confirm, proveverify指通过调查或者与可弄清的事实的比拟来证明某事是对的，如：The driver’s report of the accident was verified by eye-witnesses.〔这位司机的事故报告由目睹者加以证实。

Unit 10 The Trial That Rocked the World震撼世界的审判John Scopes 约翰•司科普斯01. A buzz ran through the crowd as I took my place in the packed court on that sweltering July day in 1925. The counsel for my defence was the famous criminal lawyer Clarence Darrow. Leading counsel for the prosecution was William Jennings Bryan, the silver-tongued orator , three times Democratic nominee for President of the United States, and leader of the fundamentalist movement that had brought about my trial.在一九二五年七月的那个酷热日子里，当我在挤得水泄不通的法庭里就位时，人群中响起一阵嘁嘁喳喳的议论声。

我的辩护人是著名刑事辩护律师克拉伦斯•达罗。

担任主控官的则是能说会道的演说家威廉•詹宁斯•布莱恩，他曾三次被民主党提名为美国总统候选人，而且还是导致我这次受审的基督教原教旨主义运动的领导人。

Language Points — Para. 1 (cf: 对比)1. buzz: [bʌz] a noise of a low hum, low confused whisper 低语，（蜂等）嗡嗡叫2. sweltering: very hot, causing unpleasantness, torrid['tɔ:rid], sultry['sʌltri] 闷热的，热得发昏的；酷热3. counsel: ['kaunsəl] a group of one or more lawyers (barristers['bæristə]) acting for someone in a court of law律师、辩护人eg: The judge asked counsel for the defence to explain his point.法官要求律师辩解他的观点。

Thetrialthatrockedtheworld（高级英语第一册第十课）The trial that rocked the world1.main ideaJohn Scopes was a science teacher at a secondary school in Dayton. He was charged with teaching evolution and that was against the law. However, the trial became one of the most famous trials in the U.S. and he was convicted guilty.After the trial, he went to study at the University of Chicago and later he became a geologist for an oil company. This article is intend to draw the world’s attention to the Evolution Theory and science will always win no matter how strong the hostility and opposition is.2.style of textThe style is NARRATION (SROTYTELLING). There are three elements a narration( plot、characters and background).Plot of text:(1)Beginning: I was indicted on May 7, and my case became snowball.(2)Climax: Bryan and Malone against with Darrow.(3) Ending: The verdict was guilty. Called “victorious defeat”Characters:( John Scopes 、William Jennings Bryan、Clarence Darrow 、Dudley Field Malone)Background: (1) There are two types of American law: civil law and criminal law.Civil law covers suits between individuals.(2) Fundamentalism: conservative religious movement that arose amongmembers of various Protestant denominations early in the 20th cent. its aim is to maintain traditional interpretations of theBible and what believed to be the fundamental doctrines of the Christian faith. Nowadays this word can apply to other religions.(3) Darwin’s theory of evolution: All living forms, plants and animals, includingMan, have developed from earlier and simpler forms by processes of change and selection.3. Language style(1)Style is formal and persuasive by way of conversation.(2) The description of the activities by different people outside the little court is so vivid, vigorous and lively.(3)The writer makes use of many rhetorical device.4. Rhetorical deviceHyperbole: It is the deliberation use of overstatement or exaggeration to achieve emphasis.E.g. The Trial that Rocked the World.Sarcasm(it uses harsh or bitter derision or irony. A sharply ironical taunt; sneering or cutting)E.g. there is some doubt about that. (para.19)Oxymoron(A rhetorical figure in which incongruous or contradictory terms are combined, as in a deafening silence and a mournful optimist):The most common form of oxymoron involves an adjective-noun combination of two words.E.g. Dudley Field Malone called my conviction a “victorious defeat”. (para45) Transferred epithet:An e pithet is an adjective (or phrase containing an adjective) or adverb which modifies (describes) a noun.E.g. Darrow had whispered throwing a reassuring arm round my shoulder. (para2) Ridicule (unkind descriptions that intend to make someone or something stupid.): e.g. Bryan mopped his bald dome in silence. (35)Synecdoche(an expression for a representative entity can stand for what is represented.) e.g. the case had erupted round my head… (para3)5. CommentsThe trial began with prayer by a local minister. This showed the close connection of the religion (Christianity) with the law. Among 12 jurors three had never read any book except the Bible. One couldn’t read. That showed the spread of science and truth no easy task. The struggles were between science and religion, culture and ignorance. Because the trial was concerned with the problem of intellectual and academic freedom, whose result would affect the whole country, even the whole world? The law and the legal procedure were dominated by religion.In America, the teaching of any theory that is against the Bible would be considered the violation of the law. Judging from this, we can see that the law and legal procedure in the U.S. at that time were not sensible. We can’t take the Bible literally. Actually there is something inconsistent in it. It can be only being accepted as a religious book. It should not be defined as law and truth. people should learn to accept new changes and new things and they shouldn’t be blinded by ignorance.。