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景洪市第四中学2017-2018学年高一上学期期末考试语文试题本试卷分第Ⅰ卷（选择题）和第Ⅱ卷（非选择题）两部分。
第Ⅰ卷1至4页，第Ⅱ卷5至6页，共6页。
全卷100分，考试时间120分钟。
第Ⅰ卷（选择题共20分）注意事项：1．答卷前，务必把自己的考号、姓名、考场号和座次号等信息正确填涂在机读卡或答题卷指定位置。
2．每小题选出答案后，请填涂在机读卡上，答在试卷上无效。
一、（8分，每小题2分）1．下列词语中加点字的读音，完全相同的一组是（）A．删．除膻．味籼．米潸．然泪下B．信笺．歼．灭缄．默间．不容发C．飙．升鱼鳔．剽．悍彪．炳青史D．血．缘戏谑．噱．头空穴．来风2.下列各句中，加点的成语使用恰当的一句是（）A为了不让下一代输在起跑线上，年轻的父母纷纷送孩子去练钢琴，学围棋，上英语兴趣班，真是费尽心思，无所不为。
．．．．．B冬天老年人要增加营养，也要适当运动，在户外锻炼时一定要量入为出．．．．，以步行为宜，时间最好选在傍晚，还要注意保暖，防止着凉。
C中、日、韩三国参加这次围棋比赛的运动员，水平都在伯仲之间．．．．，谁能胜出，就要看谁具有更好的竞技状态和心理素质了。
D美国博物馆的收费可谓各尽所能．．．．：有的一部分收费，有的分时段收费，还有的是否交费、交费多少由参观者自行决定。
4.依次填入下面一段文字横线处的语句，衔接最恰当的一组是（）在学校的日子里，我没有什么特别的感觉，，，，，，。
我默默地注视着学校红色的大门，由衷地感谢她带给我的一切。
①很多时候你可能觉得今天跟昨天没什么不同②这时你可能非常留恋过去的日子③突然发现它写得真好④你回过头来，其实一切都在改变⑤不禁哼出一句“月亮的脸偷偷地在改变”⑥现在要离开这个工作了七年的学校A.①②④⑤⑥③B.①⑥②⑤③④C.⑥②⑤①④③D.⑥⑤③①④②二、阅读下面的文字，完成5—7题。
（每小题2分，共6分）文化时间①时间有“向”的概念，并不是一直都有的。
潮水、冬夏二至、季节、星辰的循环往来，这些现象使许多原始人把时间看作一种基本上不断循环的有机节奏。
2017-2018学年湖北省武汉市外国语学校高一（上）期末语文试卷试题数：10，满分：1501.（问答题，9分）阅读下面的文字，完成下列各题。
丝绸之路是民族交流融合的舞台杜建录“驼铃古道丝绸路，胡马犹闻唐汉风。
”古代丝绸之路架起了一座交流物产、连通人心的桥梁，对我国各民族交流融合、对东西方经济文化交往都起到了十分重要的作用。
当前，深入推进“一带一路”建设，续写古代丝绸之路的传奇，不仅要看到其对沿线国家和地区经济发展的推动作用，还要看到其在民族交流融合方面的纽带作用。
古代丝绸之路大体有草原道、绿洲道、茶马道以及海上道四条。
除了汉族，北方和西北游牧民族也是丝绸之路的重要开拓者，他们的马队和骆驼队踏出了一条横贯欧亚大陆的草原丝路。
他们的迁徙浪潮、相互交往以及游牧经济特点，使其自然而然地成为古代丝绸之路上的重要角色。
早期月氏、乌孙、匈奴等民族，在开通草原古道、推动游牧文明与农耕文明交流等方面发挥了重要作用。
此后，鲜卑、吐谷浑、吐蕃、回纥等民族，都曾和丝绸之路结下不解之缘，有的一度控制了草原道和绿洲道，成为经营东西方贸易的主角。
公元439年，鲜卑建立的北魏政权统一了我国北方，使丝绸之路自汉代以来再度繁荣起来。
北魏、西夏占据河西走廊后，吐谷浑控制的“青海道”和吐蕃控制的“青唐道”成为中原和南方通往西域的通道。
因此，“青海道”又称“吐谷浑道”，“青唐道”又称“吐蕃道”。
再看回纥，其与唐朝绢马贸易换回的绸绢，除了供汗国贵族享用，还通过“草原道”大量转输到西方。
因此，这一时期的草原丝路有“回纥道”之称。
丝绸之路上民族交流融合绵延不断，开遍了民族交流融合之花。
在肯定我国古代北方和西北游牧民族为丝绸之路的开拓与繁荣作出重要贡献的同时，更要充分认识中原王朝的主体作用。
张骞出使西域之后，汉、唐、元、明各朝代为了经营西域，保障丝绸之路畅通，在丝绸之路沿途设置馆舍以提供食宿，建立都护府、都督府、州、县等以加强治理。
这些措施对保障丝绸之路的畅通和安全具有决定性作用。
2017-2018学年度第二学期第二次月考（全二册）高一年级语文试卷命题人：校对：考试时长：150 分钟分值：150 分I 卷（选择题，共44分）一基础知识单项选择题(本大题共10小题，每小题2分，共20分。
在下列各小题的备选答案中，选择一个正确的答案)1.下列加点的字注音，错误最多的一项是（）A.憎．恶（zèng）岑．寂（cán）流涎．（yán）锱．铢必较（zhī）B.目眦．（zì）攻讦．（jiān）拉纤．（qiàn）一蹴．而就（cù）C.瞋．目（chēng）绮．丽（yǐ）得逞．（chěng）昙．花一现（tán）D.折腾．（teng）帷．幕（weí）露．穷（lù）清沁．肺腑（qìng）2.下列词语中，错别字最多的一项是（）A.不及不离挥豁无度珍羞美味源源不断B.抱残守却诩诩如生转瞬即逝迫在眉睫C.相形见拙烟熏火燎宠然大物屈指可数D.莫名其妙震耳欲聋猝不及防冠冕堂煌3.下列词语中，加点字解释完全正确的一项是（）A．待人接物．（物体）自鸣．得意（表示）无动于衷．（内心）B.疾．言厉色（急速）胡作非．为（不对）灭顶．．之灾（水漫过头顶）C.自顾不暇．（时间）冥思苦．想（用心）一丝不苟．（苟且、马虎）D.小心．．谨慎（留心）纵横交错．(叉开) 有史可稽．（考核、核查）4.依次填入下列句子横线处的关联词，最恰当的是（）也有的播迁他邦，重振雄风；也有的昙花一现，未老而先亡。
————，————它们内容的深浅，作用的大小，时间的久暂，空间的广狭，————它们存在过，————都是传统文化。
A.不过如果只要便B.不过即使如果就C.但是不管只要便D.但是也许如果就5.下列句子中标点使用规范的一项（）A.“你打碎了我的盘子”，她很低沉地说：“我的小儿子没有饭吃了。
”B. 做年夜饭不能拉风箱——呱嗒呱嗒的风箱声会破坏神秘感——因此要烧最好的草、棉花柴或者豆秸。
人教版2017-2018学年八年级语文上学期期末考试试题及答案解析2017-2018学年八年级语文上学期期末考试试题注意事项：本套试题共计150分，所有答案请书写在答题卡上。
答题卡上切忌涂改、张贴。
一、积累与训练（共10题；共41分，选择题每小题3分）1、下列词语中划线字注音有误的一项是（）A、窒息（zhì）简陋（lòu）锐不可当（dāng）B、要塞（sài）蒙昧（mèi）悄然不惊（qiǎo）C、颁发（bān）宽恕（shù）引吭高歌（háng）D、翘首（qiào）屏息（bǐng）叱咤风云（chà）2、下列词语中字形都正确的一项是（）A、抑扬顿挫直截了当淋漓尽致不记其数B、好高骛远殚精竭虑博闻强识阴谋诡计C、梦寐以求刚愎自用按步就班桀骜不驯D、逆来顺受脍灸人口无精打彩深恶痛疾3、划线成语使用不当的一项（）A、这道数学题解题步骤繁多，而且有三个答案，真可谓扑朔迷离。
B、今年2月，XXX引领XXX豪取7连胜，并打破多项联盟记录，这让此前赛事成绩平平、鲜为人知的他成为全球关注的焦点。
C、“鞠躬尽瘁，死而后已”正好准确地描述了XXX的一生。
D、几年没见，调皮捣蛋的小军变成了一个品学兼优的小伙子，再也不是当年的XXX了。
4、下列句子中没有语病的一项是（）A、在科技大讲堂的活动现场，充满了孩子们求知与探索的热情。
B、目前，城市免费WiFi“智慧桂林”的热点数已逾9000个左右。
C、有些人之所以不断成长，是因为有一种坚持下去的力量。
D、通过“多读书，读好书”活动，使同学们的阅读水平有了很大提高。
5、下列句子排序，最恰当的一项是（）①有的书昨天看不懂，过些日子再看才懂得②或者一本书读了前面有许多不懂的地方，读到后面才豁然贯通③经验证明，有许多书看一遍两遍还不懂得，读三遍四遍就懂得了④因此，重要的书必须常常反复阅读，每读一次都会觉得开卷有益⑤也有的似乎已经看懂了，其实不大懂，后来有了一些实际知识，才真正懂得它的意思A、①⑤②③④B、③①⑤②④C、④③②①⑤D、③②①⑤④6、下列句子标点符号使用有误的一项是（）A、也许有人心里隐隐约约地说：你说的就是那些“兵”吗？他们看起来是很平凡、很简单的哩，既看不出他们有什么高深的知识？又看不出他们有丰富细致的感情。
上海市浦东新区区2017-2018学年度高三第一学期期末质量监控英语试卷第Ⅰ卷Ⅰ. Listening Comprehension（25 分）Section A – Short ConversationsDirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. In a gym. B. In a shoe-repair shop.C. In a department store.D. At a track.2. A. $200. B. $400.C. $250.D. $500.3. A. Take classes. B. Find a job.C. Learn more.D. Get ready for the next term.4. A. To leave her a message with her roommate. B. To solve a problem in his homework.C. To talk with her roommate.D. To ask about his homework.5. A. He likes physics. B. His physics is the best in the class.C. He is working hard at physics.D. His physics is very poor in the class.6. A. A sportsman. B. A doctor.C. A news reporter.D. A game designer.7. A. Unforgettable. B. Impressive.C. Pleasant.D. Disappointing.8. A. Coins and banknotes. B. Weights and measures.C. Shapes and areas.D. Volumes and sizes.9. A. It’s too crowded and he can’t breathe very well. B. The next stop is the terminal station.C. The next stop is their stop.D. A lot of people get off at the next stop.10. A. The Parking places are very far away. B. He had no problem finding the park.C. There is enough parking space.D. He isn’t very good at parking the car.Section BDirections: In Section B, you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation, and you will be asked several questions on each of the passages and the conversation. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.Question 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. The driver took the wrong route. B. He missed his flight.C. He failed to get to the airport.D. His taxi got stuck in a traffic jam.12. A. One of the wings caught fire. B. The plane encountered a strong storm.C. There was something wrong with the engine.D. The hijacker forced the captain to do so.13. A. He had forgotten to lock his front door. B. He had lost his keys to the front door.C. He had left his luggage in the taxi.D. He had picked up the wrong suitcase.Question 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.14. A. Women now want to be car repairwomen instead of teachers.B. Women tend to do jobs that are traditionally intended for men.C. More girls are choosing fixed jobs in Scotland.D. British women choose non-traditional jobs more than women in other countries.15. A. Because women see many job opportunities on TV.B. Because women feel car repairing is cool on TV.C. Because women are influenced by their stars on TV.D. Because women are told about job choices by career officers on TV.16. A. Britain needs more women to do non-traditional jobs.B. The media should call for women to do non-traditional jobs.C. British women have taken up too many traditional jobs for men.D. The change in men’s attitudes is not important for women job choices.Question 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.17. A. For ten years. B. For nine years. C. For eight years. D. For one year.18. A. She is more concentrated on her career. B. She is not sure about the marriage.C. She’s holding hatred against Frank.D. She’s not comfortable with children around.19. A. Keeping persuading Claire. B. Give up and compromise.C. Fight harder with Claire.D. Give Claire some time.20. A. They have just been to Hawaii for a holiday.B. They cannot reach an agreement on having a baby.C. They are planning to get a divorce.D. They are trying to overcome career crisis.Ⅱ. Grammar and Vocabulary（20 分）Section ADirections: Read the following passage. Fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word. For the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.As a young child, Ann Makosinski would spend hours experimenting with her toys and other everyday objects around her to create her own inventions.Now a first-year Arts student, Makosinski is a well-known inventor and entrepreneu（r创业者）. She won the2015Sustainable Entrepreneurship Award of Excellence,21recognizes innovative business solutions to social problems—the same recognition given to Barack Obama in 2014. Her own inventions, the Hollow Flashlight and the e-Drink, have been causing excitementinternationally 22 their creation.At the age of 15, Makosinski created a prototype（原型）for a flashlight 23 （power） by the heat of one’s hand. This invention was the result of a ninth grade science project, but Makosinski’s goal was 24 （o ffer）a practical solution to people with unlimited access to power and electricity.“I’m half-Filipino and half-Polish, and one of my friends from the Philippines told me that she failed school 25 she couldn’t afford electricity. She had no light to study with at night, so that was kind of the inspiration,”Makosinski explained.“I’ve always been interested in doing science projects, so I thought, why don’t I find a way to provide her and a lot of other people with light?”The Hollow Flashlight is made from Peltier tiles（珀耳贴贴片）that produce energy when one side 26 （heat）and the other side remains cool. The flashlight can produce a steady beam of LED lightfor 20 minutes, 27 （use）only the warmth of the human hand.Her advice to other student innovators?“S tart now. There 28 be nothing holding you back. Some students at colleges or even in high school think‘Oh, I’m a student. I just need to study.’ 29 may think it important to make friends and be social. The truth is, you can do a lot of other things. You can do 30 you want. Just go ahead.”Section BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.A. potentiallyB. filmedC. droppedD. commonlyE. treatsF. sympathyG. sensitive H. eyebrow I. domesticated J. selection K. confidentPuppy Dog Eyes Are for the Benefits of HumansDogs make puppy dog eyes for the benefit of humans and rarely use the pleasing facial expression when on their own, a new study has shown.It has long been assumed that animal facial expressions are involuntary and dependent on emotional state rather than a way to communicate.But scientists at the University’s Dog Cognition Centre at Portsmouth University have found that dogs mostly use facial expressions when humans are present, as a direct response to attention. Puppy dog eyes, in which the 31 is raised to make the eyes appear wider and sadder, was foundto be the most 32 used expression in the study. Researchers do not know whether the dogs are aware they look sadder, or have just learned that widening their eyes invites 33 a nd affection in humans.Dog cognition expert Dr Juliane Kaminski: “We can now be 34 that the production of facial expressions made by dogs are dependent on the attention state of their audience and are notjust a result of dogs being excited.”“In our study they produced far more expressions when someone was watching, but seeing food 35 did not have the same effect.”“The findings appear to support evidence dogs are 36 to humans’ attention and that expressions are 37 active attempts to communicate, not simple emotional displays.” The researchers studied 24 dogs of various breeds, aged one to 12. All were family pets. Each dog was tied by a lead a metre away from a person, and the dogs’ faces were 38 throughout a rangeof exchanges, from the person being oriented towards the dog, to being distracted and with her body turned away from the dog.facial They found that when a human was not watching the animal,they39 expressions.Dr Kaminski said it is possible that dogs’ expressions have evolved as they were 40 . “Domestic dogs have a unique history –they have lived alongside humans for 30,000 years and during that time selection pressures seem to have acted on dogs’ability to communicate with us, ”she said.Ⅲ. Reading comprehension（45 分）Section ADirections：For each blank in the following passages there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C, and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.When I was a child of seven years old, my friends, on a holiday, filled my pocket with coppers.I went at once to a shop where they sold toys for children. Being 41 with the sound of a whistle that I had seen by the way, in the hands of another boy, I handed over all my money for one.I then came home, and went whistling all over the house, much pleased with my whistle, but 42 all the family. My brothers and sisters and cousins, when I told of the43 I had made, said I had given four times as much as the whistle was worth. They put me in mind of what good things I might have bought with the rest of the money, and laughed at me so much for my folly that I cried with vexation( 烦恼). Thinking about the matter gave me more44 than the whistle gave me pleasure.45 , this was afterwards of use to me, for the impression continued on my mind, so that often, when I was 46 to buy something I did not need, I said to myself, “Don’t give too muchfor the whistle, ” and I saved my money. As I grew up, came into the world, and 47 the actionsof men, I thought I met with many, very many, who “gave too much for the whistle.”If I knew a miser（守财奴）who 48 every kind of comfortable living, all the pleasure of doing good to others, all the esteem of his fellow citizens and the joys of friendship,___49__gathering and keeping wealth--- “Poor man,” said I, “ you pay too dear for your whistle.”When I met a man of pleasure, who did not try to improve his mind or his fortune but_____devoted himself to having a good time, perhaps neglecting his health, “ Mistaken man, you are providing51 for yourself, instead of pleasure; you are paying too dear for your whistle.” If I saw someone fond of 52 who has fine clothes, fine houses, fine furniture, fine earrings, all above his 53 , and for which he had run into debt, and ends his career in a prison. “Alas,” said I, “he has paid dear, very dear, for his whistle.” 54 , the miseries of mankind are largely due to their puffing a(n) 55 value on things --- to giving “too much for their whistle.”41. A. faced B. charmed C. sympathized D. provided42. A. disturbing B. attracting C. entertaining D. confusing43. A. trouble B. attempt C. choice D. bargain44. A. satisfaction B. relief C. annoyance D. stress45. A. Moreover B. Therefore C. However D. Indeed46. A. tempted B. determined C. forced D. persuaded47. A. took B. observed C. admired D. followed48. A. turned against B. gave up C. cared about D. relied on49. A. in case of B. instead of C. for the sake of D. in terms of50. A. merely B. similarly C. strangely D. positively51. A. inconvenience B. burden C. frustration D. pain52. A. appearance B. wealth C. comforts D. necessities53. A. demand B. fortune C. standard D. value54. A. As a result B. By contrast C. On average D. In short55. A. unexpected B. great C. false D. extraSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C, and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.（A）When you think about coffee alternatives, garlic is probably one of the last things that comes to mind, but that is exactly the ingredient that one Japanese inventor used to create a drink that looks and tastes like coffee.74-year-old Yokitomo Shimotai, a coffee shop owner in Aomori Prefecture, Japan, claims that his unique “garlic coffee” is the result of a cooking blunder he made over 30 years ago, when he burned a steak and garlic while waiting tables at the same time. Intrigued by the scorched garlic’s aroma, he mashed it up with a spoon and mixed it with hot water. The resulting drink looked and tasted a lot like coffee. Making a mental note of his discovery, Yokimoto carried on with his job, and only started researching garlic coffee again after he retired.Committed to turning his weird drink into a commercial product, Yokitomo Shimotai spent years optimizing the formula, and about five years ago, he finally achieved a result he was satisfied with. To make his dissolvable garlic grounds, he roasts the cloves in an electric oven, and, after they’ve cooled off, smashes them into fine particles and packs them in dripbags.“My drink is probably the world’s first of its kind,” the garlic coffee inventor told Kyodo News. “It contains no caffeine so it’s good for those who would like to drink coffee at night or pregnant women.”“The bitterness of burned garlic apparently helps create the coffee-like flavor,” Shimotai adds. He claims that, although his garlic coffee does give off an aroma of roasted garlic, it doesn’t cause bad breath, because the garlic is thoroughly cooked. And if you can get past the smell, the drink apparently does taste a lot like actual coffee.If decaf isn’t good enough for you, and you’re in the mood for something new, you can try Yokitomo Shimotai’s garlic coffee at his shop, in the city of Ninohc, Iwate Prefecture, or buy your own dripbags for just 324 yen（$2.8）.56. Which word is the closest in meaning to the underlined word “blunder ”in the second paragraph?A. mistakeB. showC. mixtureD. brand57. Who is not suitable to drink garlic coffee?A. A woman bearing a baby.B. A student having trouble with sleep.C. A cleaner working on a day shift.D. A young lady sick of garlic.58. Which of the following is not characteristic of garlic coffee?A. It is caffeine-free.B. Garlic powder dissolves in water.C.The burnt garlic creates bitterness.D. It is an improvement on a garlic dish.59. Which of the following can be used to describe Yokitomo Shimotai?A. venturous and greedyB. innovative and perseverantC. hardworking and cautiousD. observant and helpful（B）How an advertisement is put togetherWhen you read an advertisement there are many factors you should consider, including: target audiencebrand namessloganspictures and colourspecial offers/couponsemotive/persuasive vocabularyTarget audienceAdvertisers aim particular products at different groups of people according to age, sex, social class and interests. They will often make assumptions about people and label or stereotype them.Who do you think these products would be aimed at: nappies, diamonds, mint chocolates, sports cars?What kind of products would be aimed at these people: teenagers, 25-year-old single men, 40-year-old working mums?Brand namesBrand names are chosen carefully. They can suggest particular lifestyles, values or interests and are intended to appeal to the target audience.Nissan Primera: this suggests quality. Primera is similar to premium and premier.Ford Ka: the spelling of Ka suggests novelty and simplicity. It is modern and futuristic. It is also bound to stick in your mind when you are looking for a new car!SlogansA slogan has to be catchy and memorable. Slogans use a range of devices: alliteration, repetition, puns, questions, personal pronouns and humour.Have a break. Have a Kit Kat. RepetitionThe totally tropical taste. AlliterationPicture and colourAll pictures try to make you feel something and most are biased, even photographs. They create aview of what the world is like using different tricks such as lighting and colour.Different colours have different associations that can be linked to particular products.Yellow: freshness, sunlight, lemons. This colour would be good for advertising washing up liquid. Green: countryside, natural, healthy. What would you use this colour for ?What do you associate these colours with: red, black, orange, gold, blue?Special offers/couponsAdvertisers often appear to offer something for nothing’: if you buy one product you will receive another one free or half price. These offers are incentive to try a new product or to encourage loyalty to an existing one.Emotive/persuasive vocabularyIn advertising you will find lots of words and phrases that are intended to persuade you or appeal to your emotions.mouthwatering silky free chocolateromantic creamy luxurious like mum used to make60. What color is suitable for dishwashing liquid?A. Green.B. Red.C. Orange.D. Yellow.61. Which of the following slogans applies the device alliteration?A. Mosquito Bye Bye Bye.（RADAR）B. We do, we said.（HENNESSY）C. M&Ms melt in your mouth（M&Ms）D. Start ahead.（RLJOICE）62. According to the passage, to reta.n the regular customers, advertising companies tend to.A. impress them with colorful picturesB. use promotional strategiesC. change slogans frequentlyD. create eye-catching brand names（C）Dental health: Brush with confidenceChildren should be taught to brush their teeth regularly. But the suspicion remains among some people, dentists included, that even so, certain children are doomed to develop dental cavities. The hypothesis behind this fear is that some combinations of genes may give rise to the sorts of oral bacteria which are responsible for cavities. If true, that would be sad for the youngsters concerned. But a study just published in Cell Host and Microbe, by Andres Gomez and Karen Nelson of the J. Craig Venter Institute, in San Diego, suggests it isn’t true.The mouth is home to many species of microbes. Most are good. Some, though, are well known to secrete acidic waste products when fed sugar. This acidity weakens teeth, causing them to decay.To try to find out whether a child’s genes play any role in encouraging such acid-secreting bugs, Dr Gomez and Dr Nelson set up an experiment with twins.Their“volunteers”were 280 pairs of fraternal twins and 205 pairs of identical twins, all agedbetween five and 11, who had not taken antibiotics during the previous six months. The children were asked to stop brushing their teeth the evening and the morning before the crucial moment of data collection. This was when the researchers swabbed the children’s gingival sulci（the clefts betweenteeth and gums, in which bacteria collect）to find out what was there. The children also had their teethscored by dentists as belonging to one of three categories: having no signs of current or previous dental cavities: having signs of current or previous cavities affecting the enamel（a tooth’s hard, outer layer）; or having signs of cavities that penetrated the enamel and allected the underlying dentine as well.Dr Gomez and Dr Nelson found that, though identical twins shared many groups of bacteria which were not shared by fraternal twins, none of these was a type responsible for cavities. Moreover, similarities in bacterial flora were greatest among five-to seven-year-olds, weaker among seven- to nine-year-olds and weakest among nine-to 11-year-olds. This suggests that any role genes do play in regulating the mouth’s ecology fades with time.Far from supporting the idea that some children are fated to suffer from cavities no matter how well they brush their teeth, these results make it clear that the power to control the growth of the relevant bacteria is very much within reach of children and their parents. Brushing, however, may not be the only approach. Avoiding sugary foods is obviously de rigueur. It seems likely, though, that which other foods a child eats may help shape his oral ecosystem, too. This is an area of ongoing research. But, as in the intestines（肠道）, so in the mouth, scientific medicine is at last coming to grips with the fact that the mixture of microbes present is both important and capable of manipulation, to the benefit of the host.63. What doe s“hypothesis”refer to in paragraph 1?A. Children’s failure to brush their teeth properly leads to tooth decay.B. Some children are programmed to develop tooth decay.C. Youngsters are suspicious of the effectiveness of tooth-brushing.D. Some genes are more likely to lead to dental cavites.64. Dr Gomez and Dr Nelson conducted an experiment to find out .A. whether genes have anything to do with dental decayB. which group of twins are more likely to have decayed teethC. what kinds of foods tend to give rise to tooth decayD. why the ecosystem of the intestines is similar to that of the mouth65. Which of the following statements is UNTRUE according to the passage?A. Scientists are not yet sure how ecosystem of the mouth is formed.B. The role genes play in controlling ecosystem of the mouth weakens with the time.C. The children are classified into three groups according to the degrees of dental cavities.D.Identical twins are not as genetically close to each other as fraternal twins.66. What can we learn from the last paragraph?A. The existence of multiple microbes benefits children’s oral ecosystem.B. What a child eats enhances the healthfulness of a child’s oral ecosystem.C. Cutting down on sugar intake is the most likely way to prevent tooth decay.D. Parents are in no position to help their children maintain healthy oral ecosystem.Section CDirections: Read the following passage and choose the most suitable statement from A-F for each Blank. There are two extra statements, which you do not need.A. Reality has begun to catch up with the imagination of the film’s writer.B. Nanotechnology is one of the most exciting fields of research in the world today.C.When this becomes possible, great changes will take place in numerous fields.D. Small as they are, large quantities of them can make a difference and work wonders.E.Nanotechnology is also responsible for tremendous advances in many other fields.F. They carry medicine with them as they travel though the body, seeking our cancer cells.Nanotechnology Grows FastThanks to advances in technology, the science fiction of the past has become the“science fact”o f today, like the 1966 sci-fi Fantastic V oyag（e《神奇旅程》）. In the film, a man with very important knowledge was dying. The only way to save him was by using experimental miniaturization technology. A number of scientists were shrunk to a tiny size and injected into the man’s body to locate the source of the problem and save him.67Over the past several decades, the science of nanotechnology has been developing rapidly, and, just as in the film, it involves working with objects of a very small size.Something very similar to the medial procedure seen in Fantastic Voyage is already being used to help save lives today. Tiny crystals known as“quanturn dots（量子点）”，whose diametersare one thousandth of a human hair, are injected into the body of a cancer patient. 68 Upon finding a tumor, these quantum dots release their medicine, and then light themselves up tso that doctors can see exactly where the cancer cells are.69 We may soon find our everyday lives being affected by it. Are you tired of having to charge the batteries in your mobile devices? Soon, you don’t need to. Scientists are working on solar-cell vests that will absorb energy from the sun as you walk around and provide power for your devices.Eric Drexler, an author and scientist, believes that nanotechnology will lead to a new kind of manufacturing, one in which products are assembled atom by atom. By rearranging atoms, you can turn one kind of molecule into another. For example, a wood molecule can be transformed into a metal molecule. If this is done many times according to a design, a large object such as an ax might eventually be created, just by rearranging atoms. 70 .Although we have already seen its first practical applications, even more dramatic advances will be made in the future.Ⅳ. Surmmary Writing（10 分）Directions：R ead the following passage. Summarize in no more than 60 words the main idea of the passage and how it is illustrated. Use your own words as far as possible.According to an official report on youth violence.“In our country today, the greatest threat to the lives of children and adolescents is not disease or starvation or abandonment, but the terrible reality of violence.”Given that this is the case, why aren’t students taught to manage conflict the way they are taught to solve math problems, drive cars, or stay physically fit?First of all, students need to realize that conflict is unavoidable. It is reported that most violent incidents between students begin with a relatively minor insult. For example, a fight could start over the fact that one student eats a peanut butter sandwich each lunchtime. Laughter over the sandwich can lead to insults, which in turn can lead to violence.If the conflict occurs, students can practice the golden rule of conflict resolution: stay calm. Once the student feels calmer. Once the student feels calmer. He or she should choose words that will calm the other person down as well. Rude words and accusations only add fuel to the emotional fire while soft words can put out the fire before it explodes out of control.After that, they can use another key strategy for conflict resolution. Listening allows the two sides to understand each other. One person should describe his or her side: and the other person should listen without interrupting. Afterwards, the listener can ask non-threatening questions to clarify the speaker’s position. Then the two people should change roles.Finally, students need to consider what they are hearing. An argument doesn’t mean trying to figure out the fault of the other person but means understanding what the real issue is. As the issue becomes clearer, the conflict often simply becomes smaller.（280 words）第Ⅱ卷Ⅴ. Translation（15 分）Directions：Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.1. 为了安全起见，小孩不应该被单独留在家里。
【题文】阅读下面的材料，根据要求写作。
第三季《中国诗词大会》决赛，外卖小哥雷海为击败北大硕士彭敏成为冠军，舆论哗然。
作为外卖员，雷海为勤恳打拼，工作繁忙，但还是会抓住等餐或休息的间隙读诗，背诗；而一天花在吃饭上的时间，三餐加起来不超过半小时，钱数不多于25块钱。
有人称他“诗坛扫地僧”，有人说他“用诗词点亮人生”;但也有人说他“哗众取宠，迎合了大众审美”，说他“最终会像很多励志哥一样销声匿迹，真正精彩的人生还是要靠专业实力打拼”。
人生有很多种行走的方式，精彩人生各有各的精彩。
对此你有怎样的理解或感悟? 产生了怎样的联想与思考？要求：选好角度，确定立意，明确文体（诗歌除外），自拟标题;不要脱离材料内容及含意的范围，不要套作，不得抄袭，不少于800字。
【答案】用诗词点亮人生星光隐退在浩瀚的天际里，此刻已是夜深人寂之时，白日的喧嚣嘈杂倏然退去，心灵静谧得如一泉清水。
若在此时，独坐在书桌前，拾一本书，再慢慢地品着书中的韵味，这或许也是一种境界、一种享受吧！伟大的导师列宁有一句名言：“人的一生有三项任务：学习、学习、再学习。
”细细地想想，人生好比一次长长的跋涉，在走过的每一段历程中，我们都会有欢乐、有困苦；也会有所思、有所想。
这苦、乐、思、想的源头便是我们从书中受到的启示。
如果说人生如画，书就是那多彩的颜色；如果说人生如海，书就是那奔泻的江河；如果说人生如山，书就是那绵延的山峰。
灯光如豆，一卷在握，可以和屈子同愤，跟李白同醉，与东坡同发少年狂!“对酒当歌，人生几何”，人生的短暂从志多慷慨的曹操口中娓娓道出；“先天下之忧而忧，后天下之乐而乐”，人生的价值从范仲淹笔端流露；“出师未捷身先死，长使英雄泪满襟”，人生的无奈从杜甫对鞠躬尽瘁的诸葛亮的叹息中表达；“人生自古谁无死，留取丹心照汗青”，人生的伟绩从英勇无畏的文天祥的悲歌中流传!书中有二十四桥下无声的冷月，有月光下静谧的荷塘，有秦皇岛滔天白浪里的打鱼船，有“奔流到海不复回”的黄河之水，有沉舟侧畔的万点白帆，有山重水复的柳暗花明，有落英缤纷的世外桃源。
高一上学期期末考试语文试题时间：150分钟分值：150分一、语文基础知识（12分，每小题3分）1.下列词语中加点字读音正确的一项是（）A殷．红yān 火钵．bó百舸．kě长歌当．哭dàngB解剖．pōu 创．伤chuāng 颓圮．pǐ雨．雪霏霏 yùC给．予gěi 悼．念diào 纤．弱qiān 义愤填膺． yōngD落蕊．ruǐ将．进酒jiāng 芰．荷zhì窈．窕淑女yáo 2．下列各组词语中没有错别字的一组是（）A．煎熬冷默川流不息和言悦色B．叱诧侦缉寻衅滋事天翻地复C．松弛消遣珍馐美味一觞一咏D．包涵签暑陨身不恤厉精图治3．下列句子中，没有语病的一项是（）A．食醋富有氨基酸、钙、磷、铁和维生素B等成分，因此具有美容功效，皮肤吸收之后，可改善营养缺乏，促使皮肤美白细腻。
B．朝鲜艺术家这次来华表演的歌剧《红楼梦》，受到了中国观众的热烈欢迎，给予了很高的评价。
C．不断改善并切实保障民生，才能真正保持社会的和谐与稳定，进一步提高国民的幸福指数，实现长治久安的目标。
D．领导班子是否廉明，能否坚持以人为本的执政理念，是推动一个地方社会经济健康发展的前提。
4．依次填入下面一段文字横线处的语句，衔接最恰当的一组是（）2017年8月16日，“中国好司机”——长沙公交司机姚庆龙“只为那千金一诺”，在征得全车乘客同意后，掉头接一名下错站的孩子。
姚庆龙的行为，得到了大多数人的首肯。
不过，也有人认为，这种行为，理论上是好的，但也违反了规则。
面对这种质疑，有网民说：“规则的基础是以人为本，为了规则而规则，可能违背了规则设立的初衷。
我们所要做的不是盲目拘泥，僵化盲从，而是，，，，。
也有网民引用丘吉尔的一句话“高尚、伟大的代价就是责任”来阐述观点：“我们需要的，正是这样负责任的人。
”①使老百姓更方便②使人们的生活更美好③使人与人关系更融洽④使社会更和谐。
⑤在实践中不断完善规则A．⑤④①③② B．⑤①③②④C．③④①②⑤ D．③①④⑤②二．阅读下面一段文字，完成文后题目。
重庆一中2017-2018学年高一上学期期末考试题+语文+Word版含答案秘密★启用前2018年XXX高2020级高一上期期末考试语文试题卷2018.1注意事项：1.本试卷分为第I卷(阅读题)和第II卷（表达题）两部分。
2.考生务必将自己的考号、姓名、班级填写在答题卡上。
3.作答时，将答案填写在答题卷上相应的题号下面。
写在本试卷上无效。
4.考试结束后，将答题卡交回。
第I卷阅读题一、现代文阅读（35分）一）（原创）论述类文本阅读（本题共3小题，9分）阅读下面的文字，完成13题。
XXX的自然美XXX的美在于真，也就是自然。
这同他的思想、生活和为人是完全一致的。
他作诗不存祈誉之心，生活中有了感触就诉诸笔墨，既无矫情，也不矫饰，一切如实说来，真率而又自然。
《五柳先生传》说：‚尝著文章自娱，颇示己志，忘怀得失。
XXX这表明了他的创作态度。
正如XXXXXX所说：‚渊明所以不可及者，盖无心于非誉、巧拙之间也。
‛XXX爱的是自然，求的是自然，自然就是他最高的美学理想。
XXX说：‚渊明诗所以为高，正在不待安排，胸中自然流出。
‛这些话正道出了陶诗的风格特点。
XXX的诗和生活完整打成一片，他似乎偶然写诗，只是从生活中领悟到一点道理，产生了一种感情，蕴含在心灵深处，一旦受到外力的诱发（如一片光景，一节古书，一件时事），便采取了诗的形式，像泉水一样流溢出来。
XXX以自然本色取胜，它的美是朴素美。
我们在陶诗里很难找到奇特的意象、夸张的手法和华丽的词藻。
如‚种豆南山下‛,‚今日天气佳‛,‚秋菊有佳色‛，全都明白如话，好像绘画中的白描，另有一种使人赏心悦目的韵味。
然而，如果仅仅是朴素平淡，不会产生强烈的艺术效果，陶诗的好处是朴素中见豪华，平淡中有瑰奇。
正如XXX所说，‚外枯而中膏，似澹而实美。
‛XXX所描写的往往是最平常的事物，那些在别人看来平平淡淡的东西，一经诗人笔触，就给人以新鲜的感觉。
如《归园田居》(其五)‚山涧清且浅，可以濯我足。
山西太原市2017-2018学年高一上学期阶段性测评（期中）语文试题及答案人教版高二上册2017-第一学期高一年级阶段性测评（期中）语文试卷（考试时间：上午8:00——10:00）本试卷为闭卷答题，答题时间120分钟，满分100分。
注：将选择题的答案依题号填到下面答题栏内。
一、现代文阅读（20分）（一）论述类文本阅读（6分）阅读下面的文字，完成１～３题。
《左传》的叙事艺术童庆炳任何事件都发生在一定的时问和空间里面。
这是普通常识。
但在文学叙事中，就出现了两个时间：一个是原本故事发生的时间，一个是讲故事人讲的时间。
原本故事发生的时问就是故事发生的自然时间，可以称为“故事时间”；讲故事人的时间，可以根据讲故事人的需要，把时间打乱，把后面发生的事情放到前面讲，或把前面发生的事情放到后面讲，这就是所谓的“文本时间”。
一般来说，中国古代叙事文学顺时序的演进多，而逆时序的演进少。
《左传》中倒叙、插叙也有，但不是很多，“几大战役”的描写莫不按自然时间演进。
可能受中国叙事文学的开篇《左传》影响，像后来的《史记》《三国演义》《水浒传》等莫不如此。
为何《左传》和中国古代叙事文学多按自然时间顺叙呢？这主要是中国古代“尚农”，是一种农业文明。
农业文明看重耕田种地，而耕田种地当然要对四时的更替特别敏感。
因为春夏秋冬四时的变化直接影响农业的生产。
守时、顺时，是中国古人根深蒂固的观念，所谓“不误农时”。
就是对于那些在精神领域活动的人来说，也明白“春秋代序，阴阳惨舒，物色之动，心亦摇焉”的道理。
这种从农业文明所滋长出来的文化观念，都不能不影响叙事文学对于事件演进时间的把握与运用。
即从守时到顺时，折射到文学叙事上则是更重视顺叙，认为顺叙最为自然，也最能为大家所接受。
《左传》和其后中国古代叙事文学即使有倒叙的逆时间演进，也与西方神话、小说的那种倒叙的功能有所不同。
西方叙事作品擅长逆时的倒叙演进，把人带到一种令人震惊的、出人意料的状态中，由此造成强烈的悬念，出现惊心动魄的效果。
2017-2018学年黑龙江省齐齐哈尔市高一（下）期末语文试卷1. 阅读下面的文字，完成下列各题。
近日，美国商务部对中兴通讯激活拒绝令一事，让自主创新的议题备受关注。
不少人提到的“缺芯少魂”一词，也让自主研发计算机操作系统的问题，进入公众视野。
如果说芯片是计算机和互联网信息世界的硬件“神经中枢”，操作系统则是让计算机硬件具备“灵魂”的基础。
作为最基础、最底层的计算机软件，操作系统十分重要，有了操作系统，冰冷的机器才有“生命”，人们才有机会赋予其更多功能。
长期倡导自主开发操作系统的倪光南院士做过比喻，操作系统就好像地基，应用程序就好像地基上的房子。
谁掌控了操作系统，谁就掌握了小到一台电脑、大到一个网络的“开关键”，甚至可以在需要的情况下去掌控所有的用户信息和操作行为。
因此，操作系统事关信息技术竞争力，更关乎国家信息安全。
研发出一款国产操作系统，像微软 Windows系统一样供广大用户使用；是我国科技人员的夙愿。
经过刻苦攻关，我们取得了包括银河麒麟、普华操作系统等在内的一部分成果。
不过，研发一款通用的操作系统并广泛应用，难度超乎想象。
以 Windows系统为例，有人甚至用美国阿波罗登月计划来形容其研发工程之庞大。
而且，Windows还经历了多个版本的更新，每一次升级也耗费了不少成本。
然而，一款操作系统的成功，蕴藏着巨大价值。
它能构建起一个包括硬件开发者、应用软件开发者和用户在内的上下游生态链条和产业空间，围绕操作系统形成“生态圈”。
同时，这也为后来者构筑了壁垒：即使研发出新的操作系统，也很难再去改变既有格局。
正如有人说的，除非出现颠覆性的机会，否则很难改变这种现状。
奋力自主创新、实现信息领域核心技术的突破，才能真正维护网络安全，加快推进网络强国建设。
当年王选院士立足创新前沿，自主攻克汉字激光照排技术，不仅改造了传统铅字印刷行业，还创造了一个全新的电子出版产业。
回溯改革开放40年，正因唱响了自主创新的主旋律，我们才创造出网络大国、科技大国的气象，也才拥有了向网络强国、科技强国进发的底气。
