00832英语词汇学2009年07月真题及答案

(英语词汇学)00832自考重点试卷（一）pletethefollowingstatementorpassagewithproperexpressions.〔每题1分，共10分〕1.Archaismsarewordsnolongerin_________useor_______inuse.2.Awordwhosemeaningwasborrowedfromanotherlanguageiscalled_________.3.TheIndo-Europeanlanguageismadeupofmostofthelanguagesof_____；_______；_____.4.Aboundrootisthatpartofthewordthatcarriesthe_______meaningjustlikea________.InEnglish，boundrootsareeither_______or_________.5.Affixesareformsthatare________towordsorwordelementstomodifymeaningorfunction.Wecanputthemintotw ogroups：________and________.6.TheexpansionofvocabularyinmodernEnglishdependschieflyon______.Themostproductiveare_________，________and________.7.Acompoundisaunitconsistingofmorethanonestemandfunctioningboth________and______asasingleword.8.Whenawordisfirstcoined，itisalways______.Butinthecourseofdevelopment，thesamesymbolmustbeusedtoexpressmoremeanings，theresultis________.9.SynonymscanbedefinedasoneoftwoormorewordsintheEnglishlanguagewhichhavethesameorverynearlythesam e_______meaning.10.Synonymscanbeclassifiedintotwomajorgroups：________and_________.II.Decidewhetherthefollowingstatementsaretrueorfalse.〔每题1分，共10分〕1.OldEnglishwasahighlyinflectedlanguage.〔〕2.ModernEnglishisconsideredtobeananalyticlanguage.〔〕3.Themostimportantmodeofvocabularydevelopmentinpresent-dayEnglishiscreationofnewwordsbymeansofwor dformation.〔〕4.MiddleEnglishabsorbedatremendousnumberofforeignwordsbutwithlittlechangeinwordendings.〔〕5.Themeaningofacompoundisusuallythecombinationofthestems.〔〕6.Acompoundfunctionsasasinglegrammaticalunit，sotheinternalstructurecannotbechanged.〔〕7.Suchwordsasthepoorer，thedeparted，aRepublicanareallexamplesofpartialconversion.〔〕8.Wordsmainlyinvolvedinconversionarenouns，verbsandadverbs.〔〕9.Semanticunityandstructuralstabilityaregeneralfeaturesofidioms，buttherearemanyexceptions.〔〕10.Idiomsarecharacterizedbyterseness，expressivenessandvividness.〔〕III.Fillineachblandwithawordcontraryinmeaningtothewordgiveninthebracket.〔每题2分，共20分〕1.Beadsandshellsare________formsofmoney.〔modern〕2.Ihavefinishedalltheexercises，Iam______done.〔partly〕3.Onahumidday，thereisalotof________intheair.〔dryness〕4.Mosquitoeswon'tbitejustanyone.Theylookforsomeone________.〔ordinary〕5.Ifyouwanttodrive，itis______tohaveadriver'slicense.〔unnecessary〕6.Thereisagreat_____inourpoliticalbeliefs.Weagreeonmostthings.〔difference〕7.Themansaid，“Iam________.Ididn'tdoit！”〔guilty〕8.Thesoldierstoodina______positionwhilethegeneralwalkedpasthim.〔relaxed〕9.Youwillhaveto______thestringinordertoopenthebox.〔tighten〕10.Noonelivesinthat______house.〔inhabited〕IV.Explainthefollowingterms：〔每题5分，共20分〕1.word2.affixes3.concept4.hyponymyV.Fillintheblankswiththefollowingverbalphrasesintheirsuitableforms：〔每题1分，共20分〕takeon；breakinto；biteinto；goabout；letout；drawup；setdown；holdonto；bringup；makeout；dryup；putout；livethrough；setoff；callfor；tearapart；buyoff；buildin；counton；sinkin1.1848wasayearofrevolutioninEurope；KarlMarxandFrederickEngelspublishedtheCommunistManifesto，andpoliticaldemonstration______thegreatcitiesofParis，Vienna，NaplesandBerlin.2.Withliberaldosesofcalomel，rhubarbandcastoroil，heslowlyimproved，andafterthreeweeks，he______histrousersandwaseagertoescapefromhisbed.3.Hetravelledtofoundlinghomes，prisonsandlunaticasylumsinhissearchforpeople.4.We________attopspeedthroughthenarrowstreetsofHiroshima.5.Iwasjustabouttomakemylittlebowofassent，whenthemeaningoftheselastwords_______，joltingmeoutofmysadreverie.6.Noonetalksaboutitanymore，andnoonewantsto，especially，thepeoplewhowerebornhereorwho______it.7.DuringdinnerMr.ChurchillsaidthataGermanattackonRussiawasnowcertain，andhethoughtthatHitlerwas______enlistingcapitalistandRightWingsympathiesinthiscountryandtheU.S.A.8.MyhusbandandIfindstrongsmokeoffensive.Wouldyoukindly_______that_______？9.Assumingthehotelmanwas______，theironlychance-aslimone-layinremovingthecarquickly.10.Whenrailroadsbegan______thedemandforsteamboatpilotsandtheCivilWarhaltedcommerce，MarkTwainleftthecountry.11.BythetimethetrialbeganonJuly10，ourtownof1500peoplehad_______acircus.12.AmongthemwasJohnButler，whohad_______theanti-evolutionlaw.13.Thenthecourt______astormofapplausethatsurpassedthatforBryan.14.Thefirst-andessential-stepinthestudyofanylanguageisobservingand______preciselywhathappenswhenn ativespeakersspeakit.15.By1976，theslumphadbegunto_______thebulk-carriertrade.16.Thekeytacticbehinditsstrategyof_______therichestsliceofthetradehasbeentomoveup-market-togowher etheThirdWorldcannotfollowintohigh-technologyinvestment.17.Sailorsandofficers______theirchoresasusualontheseships，amidpipingandloudspeakersquawks.18.Mr.Hopkinshas_______yourname.Heappearsimpressed，andthePresidenttoo，byyourexpertiseonlandingcraftandsoforth.19.He_________aSouthernwarwhoop.Inaflash，John，MckeanandFranklincrowdedaroundhim.20.Mr.Jefferson，Ican'tquite________whatitisyou'retalkingabout.VI.Questionsandanswers：〔每题10分，共20分〕1.Whatisextra-linguisticcontext？2.Whatisback-formation？本资料由广州自考网收集整理，更多自考资料请登录下载考试必看：自考一次通过的秘诀！。

英语词汇学试卷英语词汇学试卷 (课程代码课程代码 0832) 第一部分第一部分 选择题选择题I.Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers ．Choose the one that would best complete the statement and put the letter in the bracket ．(30％) 1． There are two approaches to the study of polysemy ．They are_____. A ．primary and secondary B ．Central and peripheral C ．diachronic and synchronic D ．Formal and functional [ C ] 2． Which of the following is NOT a stylistic feature of idioms? A ．Colloquial B ．Slang C ．Negative D ．Literary [ C ] 3． Synonyms can be classified into two major groups ，that is ：_____. A ．absolute and relative B ．Absolute and complete C ．relative and near D ．Complete and identical [ A ] 4． In the early period of Middle English ，English ，____existed side by side ，A ．Celtic and Danish B ．Danish and French C ．Latin and Celtic D ．French and Latin [ D ] 5． A monomorphemic word is a word that consists of a single_______morpheme ．A ．formal B ．Concrete C ．free D ．bound [ C ] 6． Which of the following groups of words is NOT onomatopoeically motivated? A ，croak ，drum B ．squeak ，bleat C ．buzz ，neigh D ．bang ，trumpet [ A ] 7．LDCE is distinctive for its____. A ．Clear grammar codes B ．usage notes C ．language notes D ．all of the above [ D ] 8． From the historical point of view, English is more closely related to A ．German B ．French C ．Scotttish D ．Irish [ A ] 9． Which of the following is NOT an acronym? A ．TOEFL B ．ODYSSEY C ．BASIC D ．CCTV [ B ] 10. In the course book ，the author lists____types of context clues for inferring word meaning ．A ．eight B ．Six C ．seven D ．five [ A ] 11．Sources of homonyms include____. A ．changes in sound and spelling B ．borrowing C ．shortening D ．all of the above [ D ] 12．The written form of English is a(an)________representation of the spoken form ．A ．selective B ．Adequate C ．imperfect D ．natural [ C ] 13．Structurally a____is the smallest meaningful unit of a language ．A ．morpheme B ．Stem C. stemord D ．compound [ A ] 14．Unlike affixes ，____are often free morphemes ．A ．sufrixes B ．Prefixes C ．inflectional morphemes D ．roots [ D ] 15．The four major foreign contributors to the English vocabulary in earlier times were French. Latin ，____. A．Scandinavian and Italian B．Greek and Scandinavian C．Celtic and Greek D．Italian and Spanish [ B] 第二部分非选择题BⅡ．Complete the following statements with proper words or expressions according to the course book．(10%)16．The name given to the widening of meaning which some words undergo is____. 17．Longman lexicon of Contemporary English is a____dictionary．18．When a new word appears for the first time，the author usually manages to give hints or ____ in the context to help the readers．19．Radiation and ____ are the two coinages which the development of word meaning follows from monosemy to polysemy．20．Middle English refers to the language spoken from 1150 to____. ，Ⅲ．Match the words or explessions in Column A with those in Column B according to 1)word Origin 2)word formation. and 3)types of Synonyms or antonyms．(10%)A B ( D )21．skill A．back—formation back—( A )22．babysit B．blendlng ( B )23．telequiz C．French origin ( H )24．composition／compounding D．Scandinavian origin ( C )25．government E．clipping ( I )26．same／different F. relative synonyms ( E )27．gent G. Germanic ( G )28．English H．absolute synonyms ( F )29．change／alter I. contradictory terms ( J )30．big／small J．contrary terms 2) IV．Smdy the following words or expressions and identify 1)types of bound morphemes underlined, types of meanings,3)processes of meaning development，and 4)formation of compounds．(10%) 31．neck→primary meaning：that part of man joining the head to the body；a secondary meaning：the narrowest part of anything．(Metaphor) 32．contradict ( ) 33．mother：love，care ( connotative meaning ) 34．upcoming ( conpound ) 35．window shopping ( ) 36．radlos ( ) 37．property developer ( ) 38．Candidate→earlier meaning：white-robed；later meaning：a person proposed for a place，award etc．( )overcoat 39．handsomo-tyoewhter ( )man 40．northward ( ) V. Define the following terms. (10%)41.encyclopendia 42.borrcwed 43.blending 44.extension 45.phrasal verb VI. Answer the following questing questions. Your answers should be Clear and short. Write youranswers in the space given below. (20%)46.what is the difference prefixation and suffixation? Explain with two examples. 47.what is extra-linguistic context? 48.what is polysemy? Illustrate your points. VII. Analyze and comment on the following. Write your answers in the space given below. (20%)49. Study the following sentence and try to guess the meaning of the word in italics. Then what contextual help you to work out the meaning. Carnivores are very dangerous. Not long ago, a tiger escaped from the zoo and killed a dog in The street and ate it. 50.Connotative meaning is not stable. Comment on this statement with one example. 英语词汇学答案 (课程代码 0832) 1.C 2.C 3.A 4.D 5.C 6.A 7.D 8.A 9.B 10.A 11.D 12.C 13.A 14.D 15.B 16．extension 或generalization 17．Specialized 18．clues 19．concatenation 20．1500 21．D 22．A 23．B 24．H 25．C 26．I 27．E 28．G 29．F 30．J 31．radiation 32．bound root 33．connotative meaning 34．adv+v-ing 35．n+v-ing 36．inflectional affix ／inflectional morpheme 37．n+v-er 38.concatenation 39．collocative meaning 40．suffix ／derivational affix 41．An encyclopedia provides encyclopedic information concerning each headword ；it is not concerned with the language per se. 42．Borrowed words,also ，known ，as loan words ，are words taken over from foreign languages ．43．It refers to the formation of new words by combining parts of two words or a word with a part of another word ．44．Extension is a process by which a word which originally had a specialized meaning has now become generalized ．45.idiom composed of a verb plus a preposition and ／or a particle ．46．Prefixation does not generally change the word-class of the stem ；it only modifies its meaning. e.g ．treat--maltreat Suffixation ，On the other hand ，changes the word-class instead of its meaning. e.g ．Employ Employ—— Employer 47.(1)Known as non-linguistic context or context of situation ．(2)components a.participants(addresser and addressee) writer and reader speaker and listener ／hearer b.time and place c.cultural background 48.要点：1)a common feature peculiar to all natural languages ．2)have more than one sense ．3)The problem of polesemy Can be dealt with --diachronic approach and synchronic approach ．VII ．49(1)tiger is a hyponym ，of carnivore (2)carnivore is a superordinate of tiger (3)tiger feeds on meat as known by all (4)carnivore may feed on meat (5)therefore ，a carnivore is a meat-eating animal 50.(1)connotative 50.(1)connotative meaning meaning ，known known as as as connotation connotation ，refers refers to to to the the the overtones overtones overtones or or or associations associations associations suggested suggested suggested by by by the the conceptual meaning ．(2)connotative (2)connotative meanings meanings meanings are are are not not not given given given in in in the the the dictionary dictionary ．but but associated associated associated with with with the the the word word word in in in actual actual actual context context context to to particular readers or speakers ．Thus they are unstable varying considerably according to culture ，historical period and the experience of the individual ．(3)For example ，home home may remind one child of warmth may remind one child of warmth ，safety or love ，while to another child who is often scolded or beaten at home, it may mean indifference ，hatred ，or even hell ．全国2010年7月高等教育自学考试1. As defined in terms of spoken language, a word is viewed as a sound or combination of sounds which are made voluntarily with human ______ equipment.( ) A. visual B. V ocal C. physical D. mental 2. Words may fall into content words and functional words by ______.( ) A. use frequency B. Notion C. origin D. sound 3. ______ refers to the specialized vocabularies by which members of particular arts, sciences, trades and professions communicate among themselves. ( ) A. Terminology B. Archaisms C. Slang D. Jargon 4. 4. Which Which Which of of of the the the following following following is is is NOT NOT NOT one one one of of of the the the three three three channels channels channels through through through which which which modern modern modern English English English vocabulary vocabulary develops? ( ) A. Creation. B. Semantic changes. C. Clipping. D. Borrowing. 5. Rapid growth of science and technology breeds such new words as the following EXCEPT ______.( )  dinner B. Earthrise C. moon walk D. space shuttle 6. The surviving languages fall into eight principal groups, which can be grouped into the Eastern set and the _______ set. ( ) A. Western B. African C. American D. Northern 7. The plural morpheme "-s" is pronounced as/z/in the following words EXCEPT ______.( ) A. beds B. Bags C. cheats D. bottles 8. The word "prisoner" comprises ______ morphemes. ( ) A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 4 9. The following words have derivational affixes EXCEPT ______.( ) A. reread B. Prewar C. bloody D. harder 10. The prefix "over-" in the word "overweight" is a prefix of ______.( ) A. orientation and attitude B. degree or size C. time and order D. number 11. The method of creating words by removing the supposed suffixes is called ______.( ) A. back-formation B. Acronymy C. conversion D. clipping 12. "Champagne", a common noun, comes from a ______.( ) A. name of a person B. name of a place C. name of a book D. tradename 13. ______ is the relationship between language and the world. ( ) A. Reference B. Concept C. Sense D. Motivation 14. Motivation accounts for the connection between the linguistic symbol and its ______.( ) A. form B. Pronunciation C. spelling D. meaning 15. The word"______"is an onomatopoetically motivated word. ( ) A. miaow B. Sword C. laconic D. airmail 16. In modern English, an overwhelming majority of words are ______.( ) A. original B. Initial C. polysemous D. periodical 17. ______, the derived meanings, no matter how many, are secondary in comparison. ( ) A. Synchronically B. Diachronically C. Etymologically D. Onomatopoetically 18. Want, wish, like and desire are synonyms, but as far as intensity is concerned, ______ is the strongest of all. ( ) A. wish B. Like C. want D. desire 19. There are five types of meaning changes and among which ______ are the most common. ( ) A. degradation and elevation B. transfer and extension C. elevation and narrowing D. extension and narrowing 20. 20. Due Due Due to to to ______ ______ ______ reason, reason, reason, a a a word word word is is is retained retained retained for for for a a a name name name though though though the the the meaning meaning meaning has has has changed changed changed because because because the the referent has changed. ( ) A. psychological B. Historical C. class D. linguistic 21. Among the following words only ______ is the word which originally had a specialized meaning and now has become generalized. ( ) A. journal B. Wife C. accident D. disease 22. Based on ______ context, we can arrive at the meaning of "do a sum".( ) A. grammatical B. Lexical C. cultural D. non-linguistic 23. The sentence "The fish is ready to eat." is ambiguous due to ______.( ) A. grammatical structure B. Hyponymy C. cultural influence D. non-linguistic context 24. In the sentence "Perhaps the most startling theory to come out of kinesics, the study of body movement, was suggested by Professor Birdwhistell." The meaning of kinesics can be inferred from the clue of _______.( ) A. definition B. Synonymy C. antonymy D. hyponymy 25. Which of the following is NOT a figure of speech? ( ) A. Metaphor. B. Personification. C. Euphemism. D. Shortening. 26. Never do things by halves is a(n) ______.( ) A. verbal idiom in nature B. nominal idiom in nature C. sentence idiom D. adverbial idiom in nature 27. The change of idiom "Silence is golden" from the original form is ______.( ) A. replacement B. position-shifting C. addition D. shortening 28. 28. The The The following following following are are are the the the unique unique unique features features features of of of Collins Collins Collins COBUILD COBUILD COBUILD English English English Language Language Language Dictionary Dictionary Dictionary EXCEPT EXCEPT ______.( ) A. definition B. extra column C. usage examples D. clear grammar codes 29. Webster's Ninth New Collegiate Dictionary (1983) is a(n) ______ dictionary. ( ) A. unabridged B. Desk C. pocket D. encyclopedic 30. Which of the following is NOT true for the Chinese-English Dictionary (Revised Edition)(CED)(1995)? ( ) A. The new edition has more single character entries and more multi-character entries. B. The new edition revised some old entries. C. The new edition cut off the previous alphabetical order of entries. Ⅱ. Match the words in Column A with the words in Column B according to 1) types of word formation; 2) types of morphemes; 3) types of vocabulary by notion; and 4) discrimination of synonyms. (10%) A B ( G ) 31. honeybee A. difference in application ( J ) 32. handy/manual B. difference in denotation ( E ) 33. upon C. bound morpheme ( B ) 34. rich/wealthy D. clipping ( I ) 35. Medicare E. functional word ( A ) 36. answer/reply F content word ( D ) 37. flu G . compounding ( F ) 38. steel H. initialism ( H ) 39.VOA I. blending ( C ) 40. idealistic J. difference in connotation I]I. Complete the following statements with proper words or expressions according to the course book. (10 % 41. ______ are newly-created words or expressions, or words that have taken on new meanings. 42. 42. In In In modern modern modern English, English, English, word word word endings endings endings were were were mostly mostly mostly lost lost lost with with with just just just a a a few few few exceptions exceptions exceptions because because because English English English has has evolved from a ______ language to the present analytic language. 43. The morphemes can be grouped into ______ morphemes and bound morphemes. 44. The prefix "un-" in the word "unwrap"is a ______ prefix. 45. Lexical meaning of a word has two concepts: ______ meaning and associative meaning. 46. Hyponymy can be described in terms of ______ graphs, with higher-order superordinates above the lower subordinates. 47. In Old English, animals and their ______ share the same name. 48. Structural patterns where a particular word is used is called ______ context. 49. Idioms verbal in nature can be subdivided into ______ verbs and other verb phrases. 50. Webster's Third New International Dictionary is the best-known ______ dictionary. IV . Define the following terms. (10% ) 51. bound morphemes 52. affixes 53. blending 54. unabridged dictionary 55. dismembering of idiom V . Answer the following questions. Your answers should be clear and short. Write your answers in the space given below. (20%) 56. What are the three periods in view of the development of English vocabulary? 57. How many types do bound morphemes include? What are they? 58. What is concept? Give an example to illustrate your point. 59. How do you use a dictionary to the full? VI. Analyze and comment on the following. Write your answers in the space given below. (20 % ) 60. 60. Analyze Analyze Analyze the the the following following following dialogue dialogue dialogue and and and comment comment comment on on on the the the rhetoric rhetoric rhetoric use use use of of of homonym homonym homonym in in in italicized italicized italicized font. font. Customer: "How come your sausages taste like meat at one end, but like bread at the other? " Butcher replied: "Madam, in times like these no butcher can make both ends meet. " 61. Analyze and comment on the following statement. As most words have more than one meaning, it is often impossible to tell the meaning of a word before it is used in context.教全国2010年7月自考英语词汇学试题参考答案1. B 2. B 3. D 4. C 5. A 6. A 7. C 8. B 9. D 10. B 11. A 12. B 13. A 14.D 15. A 16. C 17. A 18. D 19. D 20 . B 21. A 22. B 23. A 24. A 25. C 26.C 27. D 28. D 29. B 30. C 31. G 32. J 33. E 34. B 35. I 36. A 37. D 38. F 39. H 40. C 41. Neologisms 42.synthetic 43. free 44. Reversative 45.conceptual 46. tree-like 47.meat 48.grammatical 49.phrasal 50. unabridged 51. 51. bound bound bound morphemes: morphemes: morphemes: Morphemes Morphemes Morphemes which which which cannot cannot cannot occur occur occur as as as separate separate separate words words words are are are bound bound bound morphemes. morphemes. morphemes. They They They are are are so so named because they are bound to other morphemes to form words. Bound morphemes include two types: bound root and affix. 52. Affixation is the formation of words by adding word-forming or derivational affixes to stems. This process is also known as derivation Affixation falls into two subclasses: prefixation and suffixation. 53. blending: Blending is the formation of new words by combining parts of two words or a word plus a part of another word. 54. unabridged dictionary: An unabridged dictionary is an unshortened one. 200，000 headwords. Its Its origin, origin, origin, meaning, meaning, meaning, pronunciation, pronunciation, pronunciation, cognates cognates （同源）, , usage, usage, usage, grammatical grammatical grammatical function, function, function, spelling, spelling, spelling, hyphenation, hyphenation, capitalization, derived forms, synonyms, homonyms. The best-k nown unabridged dictionary is Webster’s Third New International Dictionary(450,000).known unabridged dictionary is Webster’s Third New International Dictionary(450,000).55. dismembering of idiom: by breaking up the idioms into pieces, an unusual case of use of idioms particularly in literature or popular press to achieve special effect. For example: The leopard never changes his spots, have a card up one’s sleeve, A round peg in the squarest of holes. 56. What are the three periods in view of the development of English vocabulary? 1 Old English (450-1150) 2 Middle English (1150-1500)3 Modern English (1500-up to now)57. How many types do bound morphemes include? What are they? Bound morphemes include two types: bound root and affix. 58. 58. Concept, Concept, Concept, which which which is is is beyond beyond beyond language language language is is is the the the result result result of of of human human human cognition, cognition, cognition, reflecting reflecting reflecting the the the objective objective objective world world world in in in the the human mind. Eg: much and many have the same concept. Synonymous Synonymous pairs pairs pairs “die—pass “die—pass “die—pass away”, away”, away”, “ask—question” “ask—question” “ask—question” have have have the the the same same same concept concept concept but but but different different different socio socio socio-cultural -cultural -cultural and and stylistic values. 59. How do you use a dictionary to the full? 1.For beginners, and elementary and lower-intermediate learners, a bilingual dictionary is essential. 2.for the post intermediate and advanced learners, it is advisable to use more of a monolingual one. 60. Analyze the following dialogue and comment on the rhetoric use of homonym in italicized font. Customer: "How come your sausages taste like meat at one end, but like bread at the other? " Butcher replied: "Madam, in times like these no butcher can make both ends meet. " Homonyms refers to different words which happen to share the same form and polysemants is the one and same word word which which which has has has several several several distinguishable distinguishable distinguishable meanings. meanings. meanings. One One One important important important criterion criterion criterion is is is to to to see see see their their their etymology, etymology, i.e. homonyms are from different sources whereas a polysemant is from the same source which has acquired different meanings in the course of development. 1.Source: meet one’s ends means one can support oneself. 2. Explanation: Here the butcher cleverly employed the structure of the idiom to his advantage to give a humorous way the bad quality of the sausage. It implies that it is difficult to earn money with more meat in sausage. 3. theory: As As homonyms homonyms homonyms are are are identical identical identical in in in sound sound sound and and and spelling, spelling, spelling, particularly particularly particularly homophones, homophones, homophones, they they they are are are often often employed to create puns for desires effect such as humor, sarcasm or ridicule etc. 61. Analyze and comment on the following statement. As most words have more than one meaning, it is often impossible to tell the meaning of a word before it is used in context. Context, in a narrow sense, it refers to the words, clauses, sentences in which a word appears. This is known as linguistic linguistic context. context. context. In In In a a a broad broad broad sense, sense, sense, it it it includes includes includes the the the physical physical physical situation situation situation as as as well. well. well. This This This is is is called called called extra-linguistic extra-linguistic extra-linguistic or or non-linguistic context, which embraces the people, time, place, and even the whole cultural background. Context may prove extremely valuable in guessing the meanings of new words. In many cases, when a new word (thought to be) appears for the first time, the author generally manage to give hints which might help the readers to to grasp grasp grasp the the the concept concept concept or or or understand understand understand the the the idea. idea. idea. Especially Especially Especially the the the cases cases cases of of of polysemy, polysemy, polysemy, homonymy, homonymy, homonymy, and and and grammatical grammatical structure. (refer to 8.2.1 ) 展网。

全国2009年7月自考英语词汇学试题参考答案I. Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the one that best completes the statement and put the letter in the bracket.（30%）1. C2. A3. C4. B5. D6. A7. B8. D9. D 10. D11. C 12. D 13. A 14.B 15. C 16. C 17. C 18. A 19. A 20 . D21. A 22. C 23. A 24. B 25. A 26. A 27. B 28. B 29. A 30. CII. Match the words in Column A with the words in Column B according to 1) types of prefixes; 2) the functions of affixes; 3) types of antonyms; and 4) types of meanings. (10%)31. F 32. I 33. C 34. E 35. A 36. G 37. B 38. J 39. H 40. DIII. Complete the following statements with proper words or expressions according to the course book.（10%）41. meaning 42. borrowing 43. Bound 44. meaning 45. meaning46. polysemant 47.referent 48.polysemy 49. grammatical 50. linguisticIV. Define the following terms.（10%）51. Word: is a minimal free form of a language that has a given sound and meaning and syntactic function,(p.7)A word comprises the following points:(1)a minimal free form of a language;(2)a sound unity;(3)a unit of meaning;(4)a form that can function alone in a sentence.52. Clipping is to shorten a longer word by cutting a part off the original and using what remains instead.53. Onomatopoeic Motivation（拟声理据）Imitates the natural sounds or noises.54. A synchronic point of view, words can be studied at a point in time, disregarding whatever changes might be taking place.55. desk dictionaries: are medium-sized ones containing words ranging from 50,000 to 150, 000.V. Answer the following questions. Your answers should be clear and short. Write your answers in the space given below. (20%)56. It can be concluded that English has evolved from a synthetic language (Old English ) to the present analytic language.57. Inflectional affixes: attached to the end of words to indicate grammatical relationships are inflectional, thus known as inflectional morphemes. Modern English is an analytic language.Derivational affix: Added to other morphemes to create new words. Derivational affixes can be further divided into prefixes and suffixes.58. Semantic motivation refers to the mental associations suggested by the conceptual meaning of a word. It explains the connection between the literal sense and figurative sense of the word. When we say the mouth of a river, we associate the opening part of the river with the mouth of a human being or an animal.59. Context, in a narrow sense, it refers to the words, clauses, sentences in which a word appears. This is known as linguistic context. In a broad sense, it includes the physical situation as well. This is called extra-linguistic or non-linguistic context, which embraces the people, time, place, and even the whole cultural background.A. Relevant details.B. Explanation.C. Definition; Explanation.VI. Analyze and comment on the following. Write your answers in the space given below. (20%)60. Extra-linguistic factors1.Historical reason.A word is retained for a name though the meaning has changed because the referent has changed.E.G: “pen” feather in the past---- pen , ball-point pens, fountain pens;Car----automobileIncreased scientific knowledge and discovery are also important factors.E.G: “the sun”, “atom”2.Class reason. Elevation or degradation.Churl has degraded as “ ill-mannered or bad people”3.Psychological reason. The associated transfer of meaning and euphemistic use of words.Religious influence is another kind of psychological need.E.G: “copperhead”is a venomous snake in north America, later ii is used to refer to thosenortherners who secretly aided and abet the South.61. Radiation is a semantic process, the meanings are independent of one another, but can all be traced back to the central meaning.1.Concatenation is the semantic process, in the end the original meaning is totally lost.E.G: treacle ----- wild beastE.G: candidate ----- white-robed2. Unlike radiation each of derived meanings is directly connected to the primary meaning. Concatenation each of the later meaning is related only to the preceding one like chains.。

英语词汇学试题课程代码：008322002年4月1.According to the degree of similarity, homonyms can be classified into( )A. perfect homonymsB. homonyms (书：homograph)C. homophonesD. all the aboveKey: D, p 100ment on the following pairs of sentences in terms of superordinate and subordinates.a. The man said he would come to our school next week.b. The visiting scholar said he would visit our university next Monday. Key: p 117Superordinate Subordinate1) man scholar2) come visit3) school university4) week Monday2003年4月4.The way to define an antonym is based on . ( ) A．contradiction B．contrarinessC．oppositeness D．relativenessKey: C p1115.The fact that the whole vocabulary can be divided up into fields can be exemplified by .( )A．Roget’s Thesaurus B．Concise Oxford Dictionary C．New Webster’s Dictionary D．Co-build DictionaryKey: A p12043.synonymKey: p104ment on the following pairs of sentences in terms of subordinates and superordinates.a. The girl got a book in the university.b. The girl borrowed a dictionary from the department.Key: P117-1182004年4月10. The fundamental difference between homonyms and polysemants is whether ______.A. they come from the same sourceB. they are correlated with one central meaningC. they are listed under one headword in a dictionaryD. all the aboveKey: D p10250. Make a tree diagram to arrange the following words in order of hyponymy.apple, cabbage, food, vegetable, mutton, fruit, peach, meat, beef, orange, spinach, pork, celeryKey: p132/2142005年4月1. There are two approaches to the study of polysemy. They are（ ）A. primary and secondaryB. central and peripheralC. diachronic and synchronicD. formal and functionalKey: C p963. Synonyms can be classified into two major groups, that is:（ ）A. absolute and relativeB. absolute and completeC. relative and nearD. complete and identicalKey: A p10411. Sources of homonyms include（ ）A. changes in sound and spellingB. borrowingC. shorteningD. all of the aboveKey: D p10119. Radiation and ___________ are the two coinages which the development of word meaning follows from monosemy to polysemy. Key: concatenation p9848. What is polysemy? Illustrate your points.Key: p952006年4月2. The differences between synonyms boil down to three areas, namely, _________.（ ）A. extension, increase and expansionB. denotation, connotation and applicationC. comprehension, understanding and knowingD. polysemy, homograph and homophoneKey: B p10747. What are the three areas to account for the difference between synonyms? Illustrate your points.Key: p 10711. Motivation accounts for the connection between the word-form and _________.（ ）A. its referentB. its referring expressionsC. its meaningD. its conceptKey: C p8344. conceptual meaningKey: p8750. Collocation can affect the meaning of words.Comment on the statement with your own example.Key: p91Key: negative p115-116Key: diachronic & synchronic p962007年4月10．As far as denotation is concerned, relative synonyms may differ ______.（ ）A．in the diachronic approach B．in the stylistic and emotive colouring of wordsC．in usage in simple terms D．in the range and intensity of meaning Key: D p10720．Relative synonyms also called ______________ are similar or nearly the same in denotation, but embrace different degrees of a given quality. Key: near-synonym p10550．Use examples to illustrate the similarity and difference between absolute synonyms and relative synonyms.Key: P1052007年7月8．One of the interesting features about a language is that there are a great many more ________ than ________ in it. （ ）A．hyponyms … homonyms B．homonyms … hyponyms C．synonyms … antonyms D．antonyms … synonymsKey: C p11419. Antonyms are classified on the basis of ________.Key: oppositeness p11149. Analyze and comment on the differences of synonyms in three ways. Key: denotation, connotation application p1072008年4月8. What is a common feature peculiar to all natural languages? （）A. Suffixation.B. Polysemy.C. Allomorph.D. Variation.Key: B p10319. Red, scarlet, mauve, violet, lavender, pansy, black, purple, etc, make up the ________field of ‘colours’.Key: semantic p12020. Some words can have two different types of antonyms at the same time, one being ________ and the other oppositeKey: negative p115-11644. concatenationKey: p852008年7月16. A common feature peculiar to all natural languages is ________. ( )A. homonymyB. hyponymyC. monosemyD. polysemyKey: D p10318. All the following words can be used as an antonym to the word “clear” EXCEPT ________. ( )A. dirtyB. fussyC. guiltyD. ambiguousKey: B p11346. Relative synonyms or ________ are similar or nearly the same indenotation, but embrace different shades of meaning or different degrees ofa given quality.Key: near-synonyms p10534. homophoneKey: p10061. Analyze and comment on the following two pairs of sentences in terms ofsuperordinates and subordinates:[a]Trees surround the water near our summer place.[b]Old elms surround the lake near our summer cabin.[a]I met a writer who is the relation of a politician.[b]I met a newspaper reporter who is the brother of Senator Buckley. Key: p117-1192009年4月16．Semantic field, according to the course book, is also considered an integral part of ______.（ ）A．word formation B．word meaningC．meaning change D．sense relationsKey: B p11917．When a word is first coined, it is always ______.（ ）A．semantic B．onomatopoeicC．monosemic D．polysemicKey: C p9518．The following are all synonymous pairs, but in each the second is standard in usage whereas the first is archaic, EXCEPT ______.（ ）A．ire/anger B．rich/wealthyC．forlorn/distressed D．bliss/happinessKey: B p10946．Perfect homonyms and polysemants are fully ________ with regard to spelling and pronunciation.Key: identical p10252．homonymKey: p10058．Decide whether the following statement is true or false, based on your understanding of the characteristics of antonyms. State your reason with one example.Contrary terms are non-gradable and allow intermediate members in between.Key: p15560．Analyze the following dialogue and comment on the rhetoric use of homonym in italicized font.—“You’re not eating your fish,” a waitress said to a customer. “Anything wrong with it?”—“Long time no sea.” the customer replied.Key: p1032009年7月16. The word ______ is an illustrative example of concatenation. （）A. neckB. boardC. candidateD. harvest17. Based on the degree of ______, homonyms fall into three classes: perfect homonyms, homographs and homophones. （）A. intensityB. propertyC. similarityD. varietyKey: C p10018. Complete synonyms are identical both in grammatical meaning and lexical meaning, including ______ and associative meanings. （）A. conceptualB. perceptualC. eventualD. actualKey: A p10546. In dictionaries, a ______ has its meanings all listed under one headword whereas homonyms are listed as separate entries.Key: polysemant p10254. synchronic approachKey: p9761. Analyze and comment on the fundamental difference between the processes of radiation and concatenation with the words neck and treacle. Key: p982010年4月16. Words are arbitrary symbols with independent identities so far as their spelling and pronunciation is concerned. But ____, all words are related in one way or another.( )A. linguisticallyB. semanticallyC. grammaticallyD. pragmaticallyKey: B p9517, ____, the basic meaning of a word is the core of word-meaning called the central meaning. （）A. OnomatopoeicallyB. DiachronicallyC. SynchronicallyD. EtymologicallyKey: C p9718. One important criterion to tell the fundamental difference between homonyms and polysemants is to see their____. （）A. ideologyB. etymologyC. mythologyD. methodology60. Analyze and comment, with a diagram, on the italicized words increase, extend and expand in the following three sentences based on the concept of discrimination of synonyms.[a] The company has decided to increase its sales by ten per cent next year.[b] The owner of the restaurant is going to extend the kitchen by ten feet this year.[c] The metal will expand if heated.Key: p1082010年7月16. In modern English, an overwhelming majority of words are ______.（）A. originalB. initialC. polysemousD. periodicalKey: C p9517. ______, the derived meanings, no matter how many, are secondary in comparison. （）A. SynchronicallyB. DiachronicallyC. EtymologicallyD. OnomatopoeticallyKey: A p9718. Want, wish, like and desire are synonyms, but as far as intensity is concerned, ______ is the strongest of all. （）A. wishB. likeC. wantD. desireKey: D p10946. Hyponymy can be described in terms of ______ graphs, with higher-order superordinates above the lower subordinates.Key: tree-like60. Analyze the following dialogue and comment on the rhetoric use of homonym in italicized font. Customer: "How come your sausages taste like meat at one end, but like bread at the other? " Butcher replied: "Madam, in times like these no butchegr can make both ends meet. "2011年4月10. 30% to 40% of the total number of new words in English vocabulary are produced through ______ .( )A. affixationB. clippingC. compoundingD. shorteningKey: A11. The formation of new words by converting words of one class to another class is called ______. ( )A. prefixationB. suffixationC. acronymyD. conversionKey: D12. The method of creating words by removing the supposed suffixes is called ______. ( )A. back-formationB. clippingC. blendingD. suffixationKey: A34. The process of changing the word "possible" into "impossible" is called _________.Key: prefixation47. Both initialisms and acronyms are formed to a certain extent from initial letters. Is there any difference between them? Illustrate your point with examples.Key: p6650. Comment on the following groups to illustrate the difference between partial and full conversion.Group 1: "white — a white, final — finals"Group 2: "rich — the rich, wounded — the wounded"Key: p582011年7月1. There are two approaches to the study of polysemy. They are（ ）A. primary and secondaryB. central and peripheralC. diachronic and synchronicD. formal and functional2. Which of the following is NOT a stylistic feature of idioms?（ ）A. ColloquialB. SlangC. NegativeD. Literary3. Synonyms can be classified into two major groups, that is:（ ）A. absolute and relativeB. absolute and completeC. relative and nearD. complete and identical4. In the early period of Middle English, English,（ ）existed side by side.A. Celtic and DanishB. Danish and FrenchC. Latin and CelticD. French and Latin5. A monomorphemic word is a word that consists of a single （ ）morpheme.A. formalB. concreteC. freeD. bound6. Which of the following groups of words is NOT onomatopoeically motivated?（ ）A. croak, drumB. squeak, bleatC. buzz, neighD. bang, trumpet7. LDCE is distinctive for its（ ）A. clear grammar codesB. usage notesC. language notesD. all of the above8. From the historical point of view, English is more closely related to（ ）A. GermanB. FrenchC. ScottishD. Irish9. Which of the following is NOT an acronym?（ ）A. TOEFLB.ODYSSEYC. BASICD. CCTV10. In the course book, the author lists（ ）types of context clues for inferring word meaning.A. eightB. sixC. sevenD. five11. Sources of homonyms include（ ）A. changes in sound and spellingB. borrowingC. shorteningD. all of the above12. The written form of English is a(an)（ ）representation of the spoken form.A. selectiveB. adequateC. imperfectD. natural13. Structurally a（ ）is the smallest meaningful unit of a language.A. morphemeB. stemC. wordD. compound14. Unlike affixes,（ ）are often free morphemes.A. suffixesB. prefixesC. inflectional morphemesD. roots15. The four major foreign contributors to the English vocabulary in earlier times were French, Latin,（ ）A. Scandinavian and ItalianB. Greek and ScandinavianC. Celtic and GreekD. Italian and SpanishⅡ. Complete the following statements with proper words or expressions according to the course book. (10%)16. The name given to the widening of meaning which some words undergo is___________.17. Longman Lexicon of Contemporary English is a___________ dictionary.18. When a new word appears for the first time, the author usually manages to give hints or ___________ in the context to help the readers.19. Radiation and ___________ are the two coinages which the development of word meaning follows from monosemy to polysemy.20. Middle English refers to the language spoken from 1150 to___________.Ⅲ. Match the words or expressions in Column A with those in Column B according to 1) word origin, 2) word formation, and 3) types of synonyms or antonyms. (10%)A B( ) 21. skill A. back-formation( ) 22. babysit B. blending( ) 23. telequiz C. French origin( ) 24. composition/compounding D. Scandinavian origin( ) 25. government E. clipping( ) 26. same/ different F. relative synonyms( ) 27. gent G. Germanic( ) 28. English H. absolute synonyms( ) 29. change/ alter I. Contradictory terms( ) 30. big/ small J. contrary termsⅣ. Study the following words or expressions and identify 1) types of bound morphemes underlined, 2) types of meanings, 3) processes of meaning development, and 4) formation of compounds. (10%)31. neck→primary meaning: that part of man joining the head to the body;a secondary meaning: the narrowest part of anything. ( )32. contradict ( )33. mother: love, care ( )34. upcoming ( )35. window shopping ( )36. radios ( )37. property developer ( )38. candidate→earlier meaning: white-robed;later meaning: a person proposed for a place, award etc. ( )39. handsome ( )40. northward ( )Ⅴ. Define the following terms. (10%)41. encyclopedia42. borrowed words43. blending44. extension45. phrasal verbⅥ. Answer the following questions. Your answers should be clear and short. Write your answers in the space given below. (12%)46. What is the difference between prefixation and suffixation? Explain with two examples.47. What is extra-linguistic context?48. What is polysemy? Illustrate your points.Ⅶ. Analyze and comment on the following. Write your answers in the space given below. (18%)49. Study the following sentence and try to guess the meaning of the wordin italics. Then explain what contextual clues help you to work out the meaning.Carnivores are very dangerous. Not long ago, a tiger escaped from the zoo and killed a dog in the street and ate it.50. Connotative meaning is not stable. Comment on this statement with one example.。

00832⾃考英语词汇学⾃考试卷（答案全⾯）⾃考综合测验英语词汇学试卷（课程代码 00832 ）⼀、选择题I. Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers.You are to make the best choice and write the corresponding letter A, B, C or D on the blank. （1%×30=30%） 1.Which of the following CANNOT be defined as a word? ____A. forB. fortuneC. ibleD. misfortune2.Words or forms that were once in common use but are now restricted only to specialized or limited use are____ . A. slangB. argotC. neologismsD. archaisms3. Words like foot or dog can each be used alone, and at the same time can form new words with other roots and affixes, e.g. footage and dogfight. This shows that the basic word stock has the characteristics of_____ . A. productivity B. polysemy C. collocability D. stability4. After the Romans, the Germanic tribes called Angles, Saxons, and Jutes came and dominated the British Isles. Now people generally refer to Anglo-Saxon as ____English.A. oldB. NewC. MiddleD. Modern 5.Which of the following is NOT true?A. English is more closely related to German than French.B. Old English was a highly inflected language.C. Modern English is considered to be an analytic language.D. In early Middle English period, English, Latin and Celtic existed side by side.6.In the early Modern English, Europe saw a new upsurge of learning ancient Greek and Roman classics. This is known in history as ____.A. IndustrializationB. Elizabethan AgeC. RenaissanceD. Victorian Age7.Some morphemes are realized by more than one morph according to their position in a word. Such alternative morphs are known as ____.A. stemsB. allomorphsC. free morphemesD. bound morphemes 8.Among the following words, ____ does NOT have inflectional affixes. A. liked B. children's C. Happier D. it's9.The basic form of a word which can't be further analyzed without total loss of identity is a ____ . A. Morph B. allomorph C. root D. stem 10.The following words have number prefixes EXCEPT ____.A. BilingualB. multi-purposeC. tricycleD. post-election 11.The following words are the results from blending EXCEPT ____ . A. Bicycle B. motel C. smog D. hamburger12.The process of forming new words by joining the initial letters of names of social and political organizations or special noun phrases and technical terms is called ____.A. PrefixationB. acronymyC. blendingD. conversion13.The ____of an expression is its place in a system of semantic relationship with other expressions in the language. A. Reference B. concept C. sense D. motivation 14.Which of the following statements is NOT true? A. Collocation can affect the meaning of words.B. Motivation explains why a particular form has a particular meaning.C. By etymological motivation, we mean that the meaning of a particular word is related to its origin.D. The connotative meaning is also known as connotations, which are generallyfound in the dictionary.15.In the phrase "the tongues of fire", the word tongues is ____motivated.A. OnomatopoeicallyB. morphologicallyC. semanticallyD. etymologically16.Words like dear that means a loved person and deer that means a kind of animal are called ____. A. Synonyms B. homographs C. homophones D. antonyms 17.Which of the following deals with the relationship of semantic opposition? A. Synonymy. B. Antonymy. C. Polysemy. D. Hyponymy.18.Which of the following groups of words shows difference of synonyms in connotation? A. increase-expand B. unlike-dissimilar C. work-toil D. empty-vacant19. The word disease once meant discomfort, but now means illness. This is an example of ____of word-meaning. A. generalization B. degradation C. elevation D. specialization20. The word silly used to mean happy, but now means foolish. This serves as an example of ____of word-meaning. A. Extension B. narrowing C. elevation D. degradation21. The associated transfer of meaning is often due to ____factors, as is shown in such words as angel, martyr and paradise, whose meanings are elevated because of the influence of Christianity. A. Class B. scientific C. historical D. psychological22.Grammatical context refers to the context where the meanings of a word may be influenced by the ____in which it occurs.A. meaning groupB. structureC. conversationD. culture23.That trade union means differently in western countries and in China shows that ____context has some effect on the meaning of words.A. GrammaticalB. lexicalC. linguisticD. extra-linguistic 24. Ambiguity of ten arises due to ___, as is shown in the sentence “He is a hard business”. A. PolysemyB. SynonymyC. antonymyD. homonomy25.The idiom Jack of all trades means the same as Jack of all trades and master of none. This example shows idioms may vary by means of ____.A. shorteningB. additionC. replacementD. position-shifting26.The noun phrase pepper and salt in "His hair is pepper and salt" functions as an idiom ____ in nature. A. Nominal B. verbal C. adverbial D. adjectival27. The rhetorical feature of idioms, ____, is used in such idioms as "chop and change", "bag and baggage". A. Rhyme B. alliteration C. reiteration D. juxtaposition28. Dictionaries that are medium-sized ones containing words ranging from 50,000 to 150,000 are ____. A. unabridged dictionaries B. desk dictionaries C. pocket dictionaries D. specialized dictionaries29.The definitions in ____are all in full sentences and the definition itself throws light on the grammatical use of the word in question.A. Collins COBUILD English Language Dictionary (1987)B. Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English, New Edition (1987)C. Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary, 3rd Edition (1980)D. Webster's New World Dictionary, 2rd Collage Edition (1980)30.One can only find the English equivalents for its Chinese items such as 黄梁美梦，吃软不吃硬in ____. A. CCELD B.CEDC.LDCED.NECD 第⼆部分⾮选择题Ⅱ. Complete the following statements with proper words according to the course book. You are to fill each blank with ONE appropriate word on the blank. (1.5%×10=15%)31.A word is a ________ that stands for something else in the world, and there is no logical relationship between the sound and the meaning.32.The introduction of ________into England marked the beginning of Modern English period. 33.The morpheme is the________functioning unit in the composition of words.34.To shorten a longer word by cutting a part off the original and using what remains instead is called ________. 35.________, which is beyond language, is the result of human cognition, reflecting the objective world in the human mind.36.A ________field is a meaning area where words share the same concept.年级班级准考证号姓名37. Extension of meaning is found in many ________terms, as is shown in the word feedback, which originally is a term in computer science, but now is generalized to mean "response".38. The word paper has a number of meanings in the dictionary, but it means differently in "a white pap er" and "today’s paper". This example shows that ________ context affects the meaning of word.39. Many idioms are grammatically _________, as is shown in the idiom "diamond cut diamond", which is grammatically incorrect.40.The main body of a dictionary is its ________ of words.Ⅲ.Define the following terms in the blank space. (3%×5=15%)41.semantic change42.affixation43.concatenation44. context (in a broad sense)45. sentence idiomsⅣ.Answer the following questions in the blank space. Your answers should be clear and short. (5%×4=20%)46.What is the difference between a free root and a bound root?47.Give the acronyms of the following phrases:1) V oice of America ____2) unidentified flying object ____3) teaching English as a foreign language ____4) Victory Day ____5) tuberculosis ____48.How do you understand the statement "true synonymy is non-existent"?49.Explain how context clues are used in the sentence "Perhaps the most startling theory to come out of kinesics, the study of body movement, was suggested by Professor Bird Whistell".V.Analyze and comment on the following on the ANSWER SHEET. (10%×2=20%)50. Use the following groups of phrases to illustrate the definition and the overlapping feature of collocative meaning.a) pretty girl, pretty flower, handsome boy, handsome carb) pretty woman, handsome woman51. Comment on the following two groups to illustrate the use of antonyms.(a) give and take, high and low(b) More haste, less speed./Easy come, easy go.答案：。

2009年4月高等教育自学考试全国统一命题考试英语词汇学试题课程代码：00832Ⅰ. Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the one that best completes the statement and put the letter in the bracket.（30%）1. According to semanticists, a word is a unit of ______.（A）1.1-6A. meaningB. soundC. combination of soundsD. group2. The pronunciation has changed ______ spelling over the years.（C）1.3-8A. more slowly thanB. as quickly asC. more rapidly thanD. not so quickly as3. Words may fall into the basic word stock and nonbasic vocabulary by ______.（A）1.5-11A. use frequencyB. notionC. originD. sound4. Rapid growth of science and technology breeds such new words as the following EXCEPT______.（B）.2.3-30A. green revolutionB. fast foodC. moon walkD. space shuttle5. Semantic change means an old form which takes on a new ______ to meet the new need. （B）.2.4-31A. formB. meaningC. lookD. pronunciation6. Reviving archaic words also contribute to the growth of English vocabulary. For instance,in American English “fall” means ______ in British English.（D）.2.4-32A. fourB. fellC. forD. autumn7. The plural morpheme “-s”is realized by /s/after the following sounds EXCEPT ______（B）3.2-38A. /t/B. /g/C. /p/D. /k/8. There are ______ free morphemic words in the following: bird, man, red, collection.（C）3.3.1-39A. oneB. twoC. threeD. four9. The following words have derivational affixes EXCEPT ______.（A）3.3.2-41A. worksB. prewarC. postwarD. bloody10. 30% to 40% of the total number of new words in English are produced through ______.（B）4-45 A. compounding B. affixationC. conversionD. shortening11. The word “motel” is created by ______.（C）4.4-63A. compoundingB. clippingC. blendingD. suffixation12. “BBC” is formed in the way of ______.（A）4.6-66A. acronymyB. clippingC. back-formationD. prefixation13. The types of meanings include the following EXCEPT ______.（D）.5.3-87A. grammatical meaningB. conceptual meaningC. associative meaningD. literal meaning14. By ______ motivation, we mean that the meaning of a word is related to its origin.（D）.5.2.4-85A. onomatopoeicB. morphologicalC. semanticD. etymological15. ______ is the result of human cognition, reflecting the objective world in the human mind.（B）.5.1.2-82 A. Reference B. ConceptC. SenseD. Motivation16. Semantic field, according to the course book, is also considered an integral part of ______.（D）.6.6-119A. word formationB. word meaningC. meaning changeD. sense relations17. When a word is first coined, it is always ______.（C）6.1-95A. semanticB. onomatopoeicC. monosemicD. polysemic18. The following are all synonymous pairs, but in each the second is standard in usage whereasthe first is archaic, EXCEPT ______.（B）6.3.4-109A. ire/angerB. rich/wealthyC. forlorn/distressedD. bliss/happiness19. Shakespeare is difficult to understand than contemporary writings because many of his wordswere used in different ______ from what they have now in dictionaries.（A）7-134A. sensesB. formsC. dialectsD. terms20. The mode of ______ is well reflected in the word “picture”, which originally denoted mere “painting”, but now has come to include “drawings” and even “photographs”（A）7.1.1-135 A. extension B. elevationC. narrowingD. degradation21. In the sentence “The old man, though poor, is a respectable gentleman.”, the word“respectable” is used in the ______ sense of transfer.（B）7.1.4-140A. subjectiveB. objectiveC. sensationalD. physical22. Which of the following is NOT one of the roles of context?（D.8.2-155A. Elimination of ambiguity.B. Indication of referents.C. Provision of clues for inferring word-meaning.D. Provision of culture background for inferring word-meaning.23. The sentence “I lost Betty’s picture.” is ambiguous due to ______.（ B）.8.2.1-155A. grammatical contextB. polysemyC. antonymyD. hyponymy24. In the sentence “An east or north-east wind brings cold dry weather to England, but asou’Wester usually brings rain.”, the meaning of “sou’wester” can be inferred from the clue of ______.（C）.8.2.3-158A. relevant detailsB. synonymyC. antonymyD. hyponymy25. The idiom “toss and turn” is a(n) ______ as far as rhetorical features of idioms areconcerned.（A）9.3.2-173 A. alliteration B. metaphorC. metonymyD. rhyme26. Which of the following is NOT one of the types of idioms?（C）9.9-165A. Sentence idioms.B. Idioms adverbial in nature.C. Clausal idioms.D. Idioms nominal in nature.27. The following are all variations of idioms, EXCEPT ______.（D）9.3.3-176A. replacementB. additionC. shorteningD. repetition28. Generally speaking, a dictionary will cover the following content EXCEPT ______.（B）10-184A. spellingB. syntactical usageC. pronunciationD. definition29. As a general Chinese-English dictionary, ______ is the most complete and up-to-date, mostelaborately treated one（A）10.3.3-202A. A Chinese-English Dictionary (1995)B. Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary of Current English with Chinese TranslationC. A New English-Chinese DictionaryD. Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English with Chinese Translation30. Collins COBUILD English Usage (1992), is a(n) ______ dictionary.（C）10.1.4-188A. unabridgedB. deskC. specializedD. encyclopedicⅡ. Match the words in Column A with the words in Column B according to 1) types of transfer;2) rhetorical features of idioms; 3) types of vocabulary by notion; and 4) the function ofaffixes. (10%)A B（C. transfer of sensations）31. She burst into passionate sobbing. A.juxtaposition9.3.2-174（I. associated transfer）32. He drops off to sleep, the lamb. B. notional word 1.5.2-16（G. functional word）33. and C. transfer of sensations 7.1.4-143（H. inflectional affix）34. the man’s coat D. abstract to concrete7.1.4-144（A. juxtaposition）35. here and there E. derivational affix3.3.2-41（B. notional word）36. moon F. alliteration 9.3.2-173（F. alliteration）37. rough and ready G. functional word 1.5.2-16（E. derivational affix）38. ex-prisoner H. inflectional affix3.3.2-41（J. rhyme）39. fair and square I. associated transfer7.2.1-140（D. abstract to concrete）40. Helen looks a fright in that old black dress. J.rhyme9.3.2-173Ⅲ. Complete the following statements with proper words or expressions according to the course book.（10%）41. When we talk about a word in visual terms, a word can be defined as a _meaningful_______ group of letters printed or written horizontally across a piece of paper.1.1-642. Modern English vocabulary develops through three channels: _creation_______, semantic change and borrowing.2.4-3143. We might say that free morphemes are free _roots_______.3.3.1-3944. The formation of words by adding word-forming affixes to stems is called___affixation_____. 4.1-4645. Semantic ___motivation_____ refers to the mental associations suggested by the conceptual meaning of a word. 5.2.3-8546. Perfect homonyms and polysemants are fully _identical_______ with regard to spelling and pronunciation. 6.2.3-10247. Vocabulary is the most _unstable_______ element of a language as it is undergoing constant changes both in form and content.7-13448. Ambiguity often arises due to _polysemy_______ and homonymy.8.2.1-15549. Idioms consist of set _phrases_______ and short sentences.9-16250. Monolingual dictionaries are written in __one______ language.10.1.1-184Ⅳ. Define the following terms.（10%）51. Morpheme 3.1-38答案：T he morpheme is ‘the smallest functioning unit in the composition of words'.52. Homonym 6.2-100答案：Homonyms are generally defined as words different in meaning but either identical both in sound and spelling or identical only in sound or spelling.53. connotation 5.3.2-87答案：connotative meaning refers to the overtones or associations suggested by the conceptual meaning, traditionally known as connotations.54. Elevation 7.1.3-138答案：Elevation or amelioration refers to the process by which words rise from humble beginnings to positions of importance.55. Idiom 9-162答案：Idiom are expressions that are not readily understandable from their literal meanings of individual elements.Ⅴ. Answer the following questions. Your answers should be clear and short. Write your answers in the space given below.（20%）56. As far as growth of present-day English vocabulary is concerned, what are the three main sources of new words? 2.3-30答案：Generally, there are three main sources of new words：the rapid development of modern science and technology; social, economic and political changes; the influence of other cultures andlanguages.57. What are the semantic features of compounds? Give an example to illustrate your point.4.2.1-52答案：Every compound should express a single idea just as one word. For instance, “a green handis an ‘inexperienced person’, not a hand that is green in colour.58. Decide whether the following statement is true or false, based on your understanding of thecharacteristics of antonyms. State your reason with one example. 6.4-112Contrary terms are non-gradable and allow intermediate members in between.答案：False. Contrary terms are gradable anttonyms, differing in degree of intensity. Antonyms of Contrary terms are best viewed in terms of a scale running between two poles or extremes. Antonyms such as rich /poor，old/young, big /small represent two points at both ends of the pole. The two opposites are gradable and one exists in comparison with the other. We can say:A man is rich or very rich；one man is richer than the other. Sue’s house is big and Mary’s house is small; Sue’s house is bigger than Mary’s. This shows semantic relativity. Sue’s house is relatively big,compared with Ma ry’s house, Mary’s house may be relatively big now than before, considering the fact that there are fewer people living with her- This is obviously subjective and depends on the speaker’s atti tude.59. How do you account for the context function as indication of referents? 8.2.2-156-157答案：English has a large number of words such as now/ then, here/ there, I/you, this/ that, which are often used to refer directly to people, time, place, etc. Without clear context, the reference can be very confusing. For example, the word now always means the time of speaking, naturally referring to a past time when the speech took place in the past or a present moment if the person is speaking. It is the same with all referring expressions. Even a phrase like the Prime Minister may bring about ambiguity without adequate verbal context, for it can be used to refer to any of the Prime Ministers in British history.Ⅵ. Analyze and comment on the following. Write your answers in the space given below.（20%）60. Analyze the following dialogue and comment on the rhetoric use of homonym in italicized font. —“You’re not eating your fish,” a waitress said to a customer. “Anything wrong with it?”—“Long time no sea.” the customer replied. 6.2.4-102答案：As homonyms are identical in sound or spelling, particularly homophones, they are often employed to create puns for desired effect of, say, humour, sarcasm or ridicule.Long time no see is usually said as a form of greeting between two friends when they meet after a long time. Here the customer cleverly employed the structure of the idiom to his advantage to criticize in a humorous way the bad quality of the food served at the restaurant. Long time no sea implies that “sea food kept for a long time is not fit for eating.”61. Analyze the three causes of meaning change within the scope of the linguistic factors, based on the given words below. 7.2.2-144（1）gold, bulb;（2）deer, beast, animals;（3）fortuitous, fruition.答案：(1) internal factors: The change of meaning may be caused by internal factors within thelanguage system. One type of such change occurs when a phrase is shortened to one word which reta ins the meaning of the whole, e.g. gold is used for ‘gold medal’, and bulb for ‘light bulb’,(2) the influx: The influx of borrowings has caused some words to change in meaning. For instance,deer formerly meant animal, and later animal from Latin and beast from French found their way into English. As the three terms were synonymous, animal retained the original meaning, the meaning of deer was narrowed and beast changed in colour.(3) analogy: Finally, the change of meaning is brought about by analogy. Fortuitous formerlydenoted ‘happening by chance’, ‘accidenta l and later took on the meaning ‘fortunate’ probably by analogy because the two words look similar. It is the same with fruition, the original meaning being ‘a pleasure obtained from using or possessing something’，which had nothing to do with fruit. Its meaning of ‘the bearing of fruit’ was due to the later association with the word fruit.2009年7月高等教育自学考试全国统一命题考试英语词汇学试题课程代码：00832I. Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers. Choosethe one that best completes the statement and put the letter in the bracket. (30%)1. Words may fall into native words and borrowed words by ______.（C）1.5-11A. use frequencyB. notionC. originD. sound2. Which of the following words does NOT belong to jargon? （A）1.5.1-13A. Orchestra.B. Bottom line.C. Ballpark figures.D. Bargaining chips.3. In the sentence “It is fun to play with children.”, there are ______ content words. （B ）1.5.2-16A. 2B. 3C. 4D. 54. Rapid growth of science and technology breeds such new words as the following EXCEPT ______.（B）2.3-30A. open heart surgeryB. fast foodC. moon walkD. space shuttle5. Reviving archaic words also contributes to the growth of English vocabulary. For instance,the Americans use “sick” for ______ in British English. （D）2.4-32A. sixB. ailmentC. throwing upD. ill6. If we say that Old English was a language of full endings, Middle English was one of ______endings. （ A ）2.2.2-28A. leveledB. shortC. longD. paralleled7. The p lural morpheme “-s” is pronounced as/s/in the following words EXCEPT ______.（ B ）3.2-38 A. packs B. bagsC. cheatsD. ships8. There are ______ free morphemic words in the following words: bird, man, red, turn.（D）3.3.1-39A. 1B. 2C. 3D. 49. The following words have derivational affixes EXCEPT ______. （ D ）3.3.2-41A. subseaB. prewarC. postwarD. desks10. The suffix “-tion” is a ______ suffix. （D）4.1.2-50A. adjectiveB. verbC. adverbD. noun11. From the sentences “Hand in your papers.” and “She papered the room green.”, we can seesuch a means of word formation as ______. （C）4.3-57A. affixationB. compoundingC. conversionD. acronymy12. The word “beg” comes from the word “beggar”. Such a way of creating a new word is called______. （D）4.7-68A. suffixationB. clippingC. blendingD. back-formation13. “Pen” and “sword” in the sentence “The pen is mightier than the sword.” are ______motivated words. （ A ）5.2.3-85A. semanticallyB. etymologicallyC. morphologicallyD. onomatopoeically14. “Tables, men, potatoes” have the same ______ meaning, for they have the same plural meaning.（B）5.3.1-86A. lexicalB. grammaticalC. conceptualD. associative15. Stylistic features of words include the following EXCEPT ______. （ C ）5.3.2-88A. formalB. literaryC. argumentativeD. slang16. The word ______ is an illustrative example of concatenation. （C）6.1.2-99A. neckB. boardC. candidateD. harvest17. Based on the degree of ______, homonyms fall into three classes: perfect homonyms, homographsand homophones. （C ）6.2.1-100A. intensityB. propertyC. similarityD. variety18. Complete synonyms are identical both in grammatical meaning and lexical meaning, including______ and associative meanings. （A）6.3.2-105A. conceptualB. perceptualC. eventualD. actual19. Narrowing of meaning, also called ______, is the opposite of widening meaning.（ A ）7.1.2-137 A. specialization B. realizationC. evolutionD. creation20. As far as transfer is concerned, the phrase “loud colours” falls into the category of transfer ______.（D）7.1.4-141A. from concrete to abstract meaningsB. from abstract to concrete meaningsC. through associationD. of sensations21. In the sentence “She said with an embarrassed laugh.”, the word “embarrassed” can beclassified into ______ sense of transfer. （A）7-148A. subjectiveB. objectiveC. sensationalD. physical22. Based on ______ context, we can determine the meaning of “do the flowers”.（ C ）8.1.2-153 A. cultural B. grammaticalC. lexicalD. situational23. Physical situation or environment relating to the use of words is called ______ ornon-linguistic context. （A）8.1-149A. extra-linguisticB. lexicalC. grammaticalD. syntactical24. In the sentence “Many United Nations employee s are polyglots. Mr. Mary, for example, speaksfive languages.”, the word “polyglot” is explained by ______ clue. （B）8.2.3- 157 A. definition B. exampleC. synonymyD. hyponymy25. Which of the following is NOT one of the stylistic features of idioms? （A）9.3.1-171A. Frozen style.B. Slang.C. Literary style.D. Colloquialisms.26. “Chop and change” is an idiom ______ in nature. （A）9.2.3-167A. verbalB. nominalC. adjectivalD. adverbial27. The change of idiom “the last straw” from the origina l form is ______.（ D ）9.3.3-177A. replacementB. dismemberingC. additionD. shortening28. Encyclopedic dictionaries can be further divided into ______ and encyclopedic dictionaries.（B）10.1.2-185A. linguisticB. encyclopediaC. specializedD. unabridged29. Oxford Dictionary of Current Idiomatic English is a(n) ______ dictionary. （A）10.1.4-188A. specializedB. deskC. pocketD. encyclopedic30. Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English (LDCE) was noted for the following aspects EXCEPT______. （ C ）10.3.1-195A. its wide coverage of new words, new meanings and new usagesB. its simple and clear definitionsC. its use of extra columnD. its meticulous and complete grammatical informationⅡ. Match the words in Column A with the words in Column B according to 1) types of vocabulary by notion; 2) types of morphemes; 3) sense relations and 4) types of idioms. (10% )A B(A. contradictory term of antonym ) 31. rich/well-to-do/poor A.contradictory term of antonym6.4.1-113(I. idiom verbal in nature ) 32. call it a day B. superordinate/subordinate6.5-117(C. homograph ) 33. sow v. to scatter seeds/sow n. female adult pig C.homograph6.2.1-100 (G. bound morphemes) 34. recollection/idealistic D. idiom nominal in nature9.2.1-166(F. relative term of antonym ) 35. employer/employee E. notional words1.5.2-16(H. free morphemes ) 36. without/behind F. relative term of antonym6.4.1-113(B. superordinate/subordinate ) 37. fish/herring G. bound morphemes3.3.2-39(J. idiom adjectival in nature ) 38. cut and dried H. free morphemes 3.3.1-39(E. notional words ) 39. watch/teach I. idiom verbal in nature9.2.3-167(D. idiom nominal in nature ) 40. brain trust J. idiom adjectival in nature 9.2.2-166Ⅲ. Complete the following statements with proper words or expressions according to the course book. (10%)41. According to semanticists, a word is a unit of _meaning_____.1.1-642. Modern English vocabulary develops through three channels: creation, semantic change and_borrowing_____.2.4-3143. _Bound_____ morphemes are chiefly found in derived words.3.3.2-3944. Prefixes only modify the _meaning_____ of the stem.4.1.1-4645. Lexical _meaning_____ of a word has two components: conceptual meaning and associativemeaning.5.3.1-8746. In dictionaries, a _polysemant_____ has its meanings all listed under one headword whereashomonyms are listed as separate entries.6.2.3-10247. Indeed, it often happens that a word is retained for a name though the meaning has changedbecause the _referent_____ has changed. 7.2.1-14148. The sentence “I lost Betty's picture.” is ambiguous due to _polysemy_____.8-15549. Based on the criterion of _grammatical_____ functions, idioms may be classified into fivegroups.9.2-16550. Encyclopedic dictionaries have the characteristics of both _linguistic_____ dictionariesand encyclopedia.10.1.2-185Ⅳ. Define the following terms. (10%)51. word 1.1-7答案：A word is a minimal free form of a language that has a given sound and meaning and syntactic function.52. clipping 4.5-64答案：Clipping is a common way of making a word is to shorten a longer word by cutting a part off the original and using what remains instead .53. onomatopoeic 5.2.1-83答案：The meaning of a word relating to its sound.54. synchronic approach 6.1.1-97答案：An approach to polysemy, by which polysemy is viewed as the coexistence of various meanings of the same word in a certain historical period of time.55. desk dictionaries 10.1.3-187答案：Desk dictionaries are medium-sized ones containing words ranging from 50,000 to 150,000, most used on desks.Ⅴ. Answer the following questions. Your answers should be clear and short. Write your answers in the space given below. (20 % )56. Why, in modern English, were word endings mostly lost with just a few exceptions? 2.2.3- 29答案：In modern English, word endings were mostly lost with just a few exceptions. It can be concluded that English has evolved from a synthetic language (Old English) to the present analytic language.57. What are the differences between inflectional affixes and derivational affixes? 3.3.2-41 答案：Affixes attached to the end of words to indicate grammatical relationships are inflectional, thus known as inflectional morphemes. Derivational affixes are affixes added to other morphemes to create new words.58. How do you account for the semantic change in the living languages? 7.2- 141答案：There are generally two major factors that cause changes in meaning. One is Extra-linguistiic Factors( historical reasion, class reason and Psychological reason), and the other is Liguistic Factors( shorting, the influx of borrowings and analogy).59. What are contextual clues? Find out the meanings of the words in bold type and tell whatcontextual clues have helped you in arriving at the meanings. 8.2.3-157答案：Context may prove extremely valuable in guessing the meanings of new words. In manycases, when a new word (thought to be) appears for the first time, the author generally manages togive hints which might help the readers to grasp the concept or understand the idea.A: Example B: Explanation C: DefinitionⅥ. Analyze and comment on the following. Write your answers in the space given below. (20%)60. Analyze and comment on the three causes of meaning change within the scope of theextra-linguistic factors, each with example word(s) given below. 7.2.1-141pen, atomchurlcopperhead答案：1. Historical reason . it often happens that a word is retained for a name though the meaninghas changed because the referent has changed. Take pen for example. Originally, it denoted feather, which was used in the west as pen in old times, hence the present meaning. The concept of atom too has changed with the increase of scientific knowledge. The word is derived from the Greek form atomos，which meant ‘any of the indivisible particles’. Now science has proved that atom is not the smallest and can be divided into even smaller particles, hence the abandonment of the original meaning.2. Class reason . The attitudes of classes have also made inroads into lexical meaning in thecase of elevation or degradation. For instance, Churl, hussy, wench, villain as we already know were originally neutral in colour but have all down-graded as ‘ill-mannered or bad people .3. Psychological reason .The associated transfer of meaning and euphemistic use of words, etc.are often due to psychological factors. Take copperhead for example. This word designates a ven-omous snake in North America. During the American Civil War it was employed to refer to those northerners who were secretly aiding and abetting the South.61. Analyze and comment on the fundamental difference between the processes of radiation andconcatenation with the words neck and treacle. 6.1.2- 98-99答案：1.Radiation is a semantic process in which the primary meaning stands at the centre and thesecondary meanings proceed out of it in every direction like rayes. The word neck affords another good example. The primary meaning is that part of man or animal joining the head to the body;the second meaning is that part of the garmente.g. the neck of lamb , the neck of a violin .2. Concatenation meaning ‘linking together’,is the semantic process in which the meaning ofa word moves gradually away from its first sense by successive shifts. The word treacle is anillustrative example ( WNWD)：(1)wild beast；(2)remedy for bites of venomous beasts；(3)antidote for poison or remedy for poison；(4)any effective remedy；(5) (BrE) molassesSenses (1) and (2) are now entirely lost; (3) and (4) are obsolete, and only (5) remains common in use. Without a knowledge of etymology of the word，no one can make any connection between sense (1) and sense (5).2010年4 月高等教育自学考试全国统一命题考试英语词汇学试题课程代码：00832I. Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the one that best completes the statement and put the letter in the bracket. (30%)1. When we talk about a word in visual terms, a word can be defined as a ____ group of letters printed or written horizontally across a piece of paper. （ B ）1.1-6A. smallB. meaningfulC. vocalD. large2. ____ belongs to the sub-standard language, a category that seems to stand between the standardgeneral words including informal ones available to everyone and in-group words. （ C ）1.5.1-14A. TerminologyB. JargonC. SlangD. Argot3. “I'm sure that they will come today.”There are____content words in the above sentence. （ B）1.5.2-16A. 2B. 3C. 4D. 54. Which of the following is one of the three channels through which modern English vocabularydevelops? （D）2.4-31A. Acronym.B. Blending.C. Elevation.D. Borrowing.5. Social, economic and political changes bring about such new words as the followings EXCEPT____.( A )2.3-30A. kungfu dinnerC. fast foodD. Watergate6. In modern times, ____is the most important way of vocabulary expansion. （D ）2.4-31A. semantic changeB. borrowingC, expansion D. creation7. The plural morphme “-s” is realizd by/Iz/after the following sounds EXCEPT____.( B )3.2-38A. /s/B. /g/c. /z/ D. /ろ/8. The wo rd “idealistic” comprises ____morphemes. （C）3.3.2-39A. 1B. 2C. 3D. 49. The following words have inflectional affixes EXCEPT ____.( B )3.3.2-41A. happierB. workerC. harderD. taller10. “Washing machine” is a word formed by____.（B ）4.2.1-53A. prefixationB. compoundingC. conversionD. blending11. “TV” is a(n) ____.（A ）4.6.1-66A. initialismB. acronymC. derivativeD. compound12. The prefix “mis-” in the word “mistrust” is a ____prefix. （ C ）4.1.1-47A. negativeB. reversativeC. pejorativeD. locative13. Which of the following is NOT one of the meanings of “word meaning”? （ D ）5.1-81A. Reference.B. Concept.C. Sense.D. Pronunciation.14. Such synonymous pair as “die-pass away” has the same ____but different stylistic values. （ B ）5.1.2-83A. referenceB. conceptC. motivationD. style15. The word “airmail” is ____motivated. （D ）5.2.2-84A. onomatopoeicallyB. etymologicallyC. semanticallyD. morphologically。

山东省2009年7月全国高等教育自学考试英语（二）试卷（14 学分）（课程代码：0015 考试时间：150分钟）本试卷分为两部分，第一部分为选择题；第二部分为非选择题；选择题50分，非选择题50分，满分100分；考试时间150分。

将全部答案写在答案纸的相应位置上，否则不计分。

PART ONE (50 POINTS)1.Vocabulary and Structure (10 points, 1 point for each)从下列各句四个选项中选出一个最佳答案，并将答案写在答题纸的相应位置上。

1. we’ll go camping tomorrow depends on the weather.A. IfB. WhetherC. ThatD. Where2. You didn’t let me drive. If we in turn, you so tired.A. drove; didn’t getB. drove; wouldn’t getC. were driving; wouldn’t getD. had driven; wouldn’t have got3. Sarah had her washing machine repaired the day before yesterday, she?A. hadB. didC. hadn’tD. didn’t4. I’ll look into the matte r as soon as possible. Just have a little .A. waitB. timeC. patienceD. rest5. –When shall we meet again?–Make it day you like; it’s all the same to me.A. oneB. anyC.anotherD. some6.The weather turned out to be very good, was more than we could expect.A. whatB. whichC.thatD. it7. –Shall I tell John about it?–No, you . I’ve told him already.A. needn’tB.wouldn’tC. mustn’tD. shouldn’t8. I need one more stamp before my collection .A. has completedB. completesC. has been completedD. is completed9. Here’s my card. Let’s keep in.A.touchB. relationC. connectionD. friendship10. The first textbooks for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16 century.A. writtenB. having writtenC. to be writtenD. being writtenII. Cloze Test (10 points, 1 point for each item)下面短文中有十个空白，每个空白有四个选项。

全国高等教育自学考试英语词汇学试题课程代码：00832Ⅰ．Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the one that best completes the statement and put the letter in the bracket.（30%）1．According to semanticists, a word is a unit of ______.（）A．meaning B．SoundC．combination of sounds D．Group2．The pronunciation has changed ______ spelling over the years.（）A．more slowly than B．As quickly asC．more rapidly than D．Not so quickly as3．Words may fall into the basic word stock and nonbasic vocabulary by ______.（）A．use frequency B．notionC．origin D．sound4．Rapid growth of science and technology breeds such new words as the following EXCEPT______.（）A．green revolution B．fast foodC．moon walk D．space shuttle5．Semantic change means an old form which takes on a new ______ to meet the new need.（）A．form B．meaningC．look D．pronunciation6．Reviving archaic words also contribute to the growth of English vocabulary. For instance, in American English “fall” means ______ in British English.（）A．four B．fellC．for D．autumn7．The plural morpheme “-s” is realized by /s/after the following sounds EXCEPT ______.（）A．/t/ B．/g/C．/p/ D．/k/英语词汇学试卷第 1 页共9 页8．There are ______ free morphemic words in the following: bird, man, red, collection.（）A．one B．twoC．three D．four9．The following words have derivational affixes EXCEPT ______.（）A．works B．prewarC．postwar D．bloody10．30% to 40% of the total number of new words in English are produced through ______.（）A．compounding B．affixationC．conversion D．shortening11．The word “motel” is created by ______.（）A．compounding B．clippingC．blending D．suffixation12．“BBC” is formed in the way of ______.（）A．acronymy B．clippingC．back-formation D．prefixation13．The types of meanings include the following EXCEPT ______.（）A．grammatical meaning B．conceptual meaningC．associative meaning D．literal meaning14．By ______ motivation, we mean that the meaning of a word is related to its origin.（）A．onomatopoeic B．morphologicalC．semantic D．etymological15．______ is the result of human cognition, reflecting the objective world in the human mind.（）A．Reference B．ConceptC．Sense D．Motivation16．Semantic field, according to the course book, is also considered an integral part of ______.（）A．word formation B．word meaningC．meaning change D．Sense relations英语词汇学试卷第 2 页共9 页17．When a word is first coined, it is always ______.（）A．semantic B．onomatopoeicC．monosemic D．polysemic18．The following are all synonymous pairs, but in each the second is standard in usage whereas the first is archaic, EXCEPT ______.（）A．ire/anger B．rich/wealthyC．forlorn/distressed D．bliss/happiness19．Shakespeare is difficult to understand than contemporary writings because many of his words were used in different ______ from what they have now in dictionaries.（）A．senses B．FormsC．dialects D．Terms20．The mode of ______ is well reflected in the word “picture”, which originally denoted mere “painting”, but now has come to include “drawings” and even “photographs”（）A．extension B．elevationC．narrowing D．degradation21．In the sentence “The old man, though poor, is a respectable gentleman.”, the word “respectable” is used in the ______ sense of transfer.（）A．subjective B．objectiveC．sensational D．physical22．Which of the following is NOT one of the roles of context?（）A．Elimination of ambiguity.B．Indication of referents.C．Provision of clues for inferring word-meaning.D．Provision of culture background for inferring word-meaning.23．The sentence “I lost Betty’s picture.” is ambiguous due to ______.（）A．grammatical context B．polysemyC．antonymy D．hyponymy24．In the sentence “An east or north-east wind brings cold dry weather to England, but a sou’Wester usually brings rain.”, the meaning of “sou’wester” can be inferred from the clue of ______.（）英语词汇学试卷第 3 页共9 页A．relevant details B．synonymyC．antonymy D．hyponymy25．The idiom “toss and turn” is a(n) ______ as far as rhetorical features of idioms are concerned.（）A．alliteration B．metaphorC．metonymy D．rhyme26．Which of the following is NOT one of the types of idioms?（）A．Sentence idioms. B．Idioms adverbial in nature.C．Clausal idioms. D．Idioms nominal in nature.27．The following are all variations of idioms, EXCEPT ______.（）A．replacement B．additionC．shortening D．repetition28．Generally speaking, a dictionary will cover the following content EXCEPT ______.（）A．spelling B．syntactical usageC．pronunciation D．definition29．As a general Chinese-English dictionary, ______ is the most complete and up-to-date, most elaborately treated one（）A．A Chinese-English Dictionary (1995)B．Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary of Current English with Chinese TranslationC．A New English-Chinese DictionaryD．Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English with Chinese Translation30．Collins COBUILD English Usage (1992), is a(n) ______ dictionary.（）A．unabridged B．deskC．specialized D．encyclopedicⅡ．Match the words in Column A with the words in Column B according to 1) types of transfer; 2) rhetorical features of idioms; 3) types of vocabulary by notion; and 4) the function of affixes. (10%)A B（ c ）31．She burst into passionate sobbing. A．juxtaposition（I ）32．He drops off to sleep, the lamb. B．notional word英语词汇学试卷第 4 页共9 页（g ）33．and C．transfer of sensations（h ）34．the man’s coat D．abstract to concrete（ a ）35．here and there E．derivational affix（ b ）36．moon F．alliteration（ f ）37．rough and ready G．functional word（ e ）38．ex-prisoner H．inflectional affix（j ）39．fair and square I．associated transfer（ d ）40．Helen looks a fright in that old black dress. J．rhymeⅢ．Complete the following statements with proper words or expressions according to the course book.（10%）41．When we talk about a word in visual terms, a word can be defined as a ________ group of letters printed or written horizontally across a piece of paper.42．Modern English vocabulary develops through three channels: ________, semantic change and borrowing.43．We might say that free morphemes are free root.44．The formation of words by adding word-forming affixes to stems is called ________. 45．Semantic ________ refers to the mental associations suggested by the conceptual meaning ofa word．46．Perfect homonyms and polysemants are fully ________ with regard to spelling and pronunciation.47．V ocabulary is the most ________ element of a language as it is undergoing constant changes both in form and content.48．Ambiguity often arises due to ________ and homonymy.49．Idioms consist of set ________ and short sentences.50．Monolingual dictionaries are written in ________ language.Ⅳ．Define the following terms.（10%）51．morpheme52．homonym53．connotation54．elevation55．idiom英语词汇学试卷第 5 页共9 页Ⅴ．Answer the following questions. Your answers should be clear and short. Write your answers in the space given below.（20%）56．As far as growth of present-day English vocabulary is concerned, what are the three main sources of new words?57．What are the semantic features of compounds? Give an example to illustrate your point. 58．Decide whether the following statement is true or false, based on your understanding of the characteristics of antonyms. State your reason with one example.Contrary terms are non-gradable and allow intermediate members in between.59．How do you account for the context function as indication of referents?Ⅵ．Analyze and comment on the following. Write your answers in the space given below.（20%）60．Analyze the following dialogue and comment on the rhetoric use of homonym in italicized font.—“You’re not eating your fish,” a waitress said to a customer. “Anything wrong with it?”—“Long time no sea.” the customer replied.61．Analyze the three causes of meaning change within the scope of the linguistic factors, based on the given words below.（1）gold, bulb;（2）deer, beast, animals;（3）fortuitous, fruition.英语词汇学试卷第 6 页共9 页英语词汇学试卷第7 页共9 页英语词汇学试卷第8 页共9 页英语词汇学试卷第9 页共9 页。

全国2018年7月自考英语词汇学试题课程代码：00832I. Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers. Choosethe one that best completes the statement and put the letter in the bracket. (30%)1. Words may fall into native words and borrowed words by ______.（）A. use frequencyB. notionC. originD. sound2. Which of the following words does NOT belong to jargon? （）A. Orchestra.B. Bottom line.C. Ballpark figures.D. Bargaining chips.3. In the sentence “It is fun to play with children.”, there are ______ content words. （）A. 2B. 3C. 4D. 54. Rapid growth of science and technology breeds such new words as the following EXCEPT ______.（）A. open heart surgeryB. fast foodC. moon walkD. space shuttle5. Reviving archaic words also contributes to the growth of English vocabulary. For instance, the Americans use“sick”for ______ in British English. （）A. sixB. ailmentC. throwing upD. ill6. If we say that Old English was a language of full endings, Middle English was one of ______ endings.（）A. leveledB. shortC. longD. paralleled7. The plural morpheme “-s”is pronounced as/s/in the following words EXCEPT ______.（）A. packs B. bagsC. cheatsD. ships8. There are ______ free morphemic words in the following words: bird, man, red, turn.（）A. 1B. 2C. 3D. 49. The following words have derivational affixes EXCEPT ______. （）A. subseaB. prewarC. postwarD. desks10. The suffi x “-tion” is a ______ suffix. （）A. adjectiveB. verbC. adverbD. noun11. From the sentences “Hand in your papers.” and “She papered the room green.”, we can see such a means of word formation as ______. （）A. affixationB. compoundingC. conversionD. acronymy12. The word “beg” comes from the word “beggar”.Such a way of creating a new word is called ______.（）A. suffixationB. clippingC. blendingD. back-formation13. “Pen” and “sword” in the sentence “The pen is mightier than the sword.” are ______motivated words.（）A. semanticallyB. etymologicallyC. morphologicallyD. onomatopoeically14. “Tables, men, potatoes” have the same ______ meaning, for they have the same plural meaning. （）A. lexicalB. grammaticalC. conceptualD. associative15. Stylistic features of words include the following EXCEPT ______. （）A. formalB. literaryC. argumentativeD. slang16. The word ______ is an illustrative example of concatenation. （）A. neckB. boardC. candidateD. harvest17. Based on the degree of ______, homonyms fall into three classes: perfect homonyms, homographs and homophones. （）A. intensityB. propertyC. similarityD. variety18. Complete synonyms are identical both in grammatical meaning and lexical meaning, including ______ and associative meanings. （）A. conceptualB. perceptualC. eventualD. actual19. Narrowing of meaning, also called ______, is the opposite of widening meaning.（）A. specialization B. realizationC. evolutionD. creation20. As far as transfer is concerned, the phrase “loud colours” falls into the category of transfer ______.（）A. from concrete to abstract meaningsB. from abstract to concrete meaningsC. through associationD. of sensations21. I n the sentence “She said with an embarrassed laugh.”, the word “embarrassed” can be classified into ______ sense of transfer. （）A. subjectiveB. objectiveC. sensationalD. physical22. Based on ______ context, we can determine the meaning of “do the flowers”.（）A. cultural B. grammaticalC. lexicalD. situational23. Physical situation or environment relating to the use of words is called ______ or non-linguistic context.（）A. extra-linguisticB. lexicalC. grammaticalD. syntactical24. In the sentence “Many United Nations employees are polyglots. Mr. Mary, for example, speaks fivelanguages.”, the word “polyglot” is explained by ______ clue. （）A. definitionB. exampleC. synonymyD. hyponymy25. Which of the following is NOT one of the stylistic features of idioms? （）A. Frozen style.B. Slang.C. Literary style.D. Colloquialisms.26. “Chop and change” is an idiom ______ in nature. （）A. verbalB. nominalC. adjectivalD. adverbial27. The change of idiom “the last straw” from the original form is ______.（）A. replacementB. dismemberingC. additionD. shortening28. Encyclopedic dictionaries can be further divided into ______ and encyclopedic dictionaries. （）A. linguisticB. encyclopediaC. specializedD. unabridged29. Oxford Dictionary of Current Idiomatic English is a(n) ______ dictionary. （）A. specializedB. deskC. pocketD. encyclopedic30. Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English (LDCE) was noted for the following aspects EXCEPT ______.（）A. its wide coverage of new words, new meanings and new usagesB. its simple and clear definitionsC. its use of extra columnD. its meticulous and complete grammatical informationⅡ. Match the words in Column A with the words in Column B according to 1) types of vocabulary by notion; 2) types of morphemes; 3) sense relations and 4) types of idioms. (10% )A B( ) 31. rich/well-to-do/poor A. contradictory term of antonym( ) 32. call it a day B. superordinate/subordinate( ) 33. sow v. to scatter seeds/sow n. female adult pig C. homograph( ) 34. recollection/idealistic D. idiom nominal in nature( ) 35. employer/employee E. notional words( ) 36. without/behind F. relative term of antonym( ) 37. fish/herring G. bound morphemes( ) 38. cut and dried H. free morphemes( ) 39. watch/teach I. idiom verbal in nature( ) 40. brain trust J. idiom adjectival in natureⅢ. Complete the following statements with proper words or expressions according to the course book. (10%)41. According to semanticists, a word is a unit of ______.42. Modern English vocabulary develops through three channels: creation, semantic change and ______.43. ______ morphemes are chiefly found in derived words.44. Prefixes only modify the ______ of the stem.45. Lexical ______ of a word has two components: conceptual meaning and associative meaning.46. In dictionaries, a ______ has its meanings all listed under one headword whereas homonyms are listed as separate entries.47. Indeed, it often happens that a word is retained for a name though the meaning has changed because the ______ has changed.48. The sentence “I lost Betty's picture.” is ambiguous due to ______.49. Based on the criterion of ______ functions, idioms may be classified into five groups.50. Encyclopedic dictionaries have the characteristics of both ______ dictionaries and encyclopedia.Ⅳ. Define the following terms. (10%)51. word52. clipping53. onomatopoeic54. synchronic approach55. desk dictionariesⅤ. Answer the following questions. Y our answers should be clear and short. Write your answers in the space given below. (20 % )56. Why, in modern English, were word endings mostly lost with just a few exceptions?57. What are the differences between inflectional affixes and derivational affixes?58. How do you account for the semantic change in the living languages?59. What are contextual clues? Find out the meanings of the words in bold type and tell what contextual clues have helped you in arriving at the meanings.A. Do you know the architect? He designed St. Paul's Cathedral.B. The book was only published posthumously, for the author had been dead for three years already.C. It is undesirable to write with too many parentheses, a pair of brackets round word or phrases.Ⅵ. Analyze and comment on the following. Write your answers in the space given below. (20%)60. Analyze and comment on the three causes of meaning change within the scope of the extra-linguistic factors, each with example word(s) given below.pen, atomchurlcopperhead61. Analyze and comment on the fundamental difference between the processes of radiation and concatenation with the words neck and treacle.。