英语常用语法大全
- 格式：doc
- 大小：115.00 KB
- 文档页数：8
❖倒装句❖主语和谓语的语序有两种：❖1】自然语序，主语+谓语，2】倒装语序，谓语+主语。
例如The bus comes here. Here comes the bus❖倒装分为部分倒装和完全倒装，部分倒装是谓语中的一部分（如助动词，情态动词或be动词）放在主语前面，其余部分仍在主语后面。
完全倒装是句子中没有助动词或情态动词，要把谓语动词放在主语的前面。
❖We can work out the problem only in this way.❖Only in this way can we work out the problem.❖The bus comes here.❖Here comes the bus.部分倒装❖1，疑问句的语序❖助动词+主语+谓语和其余部分：❖Has he left already?❖Won’t you have some tea?❖What do you like best?❖Did he park his car in front of my house?❖注意：如果特殊疑问词作主语或者修饰主语，则用自然语序：❖Who did it?❖How many students passed the exam?❖2, if 引导的虚拟语气条件句的谓语若包括有助动词had, were，或should，可将其倒装到主语之前，省略if。
❖Had/ should / were +主语+谓语和其余部分：❖If I had not helped him, he would have failed in business.❖Had I not helped him, he would have failed in business.❖If I should be free tomorrow, I will come.❖Should I be free tomorrow, I will come.❖如果我是经理，我就给你升职❖If I were the manager, I would give you a promotion.❖Were I the manager, I would give you a promotion.❖如果你遇到我这样的麻烦，你会绝望的。
❖If you had met the troubles I had, you would be desperate.❖Had you met the troubles I had, you would be desperate.❖如果你是老鼠，猫会吃了你。
❖If you were the mouse, the cat would eat you.❖Were you the mouse, the cat would eat you.❖3，only修饰状语放在句首时❖Only+状语+助动词+主语+谓语和其余部分❖Women have begun to catch up with men in this area only in recent years.❖Only in recent years have women begun to catch up with men in this area.❖I received an answer from him only a week later.❖Only a week later did I receive an answer from him.❖只有当孩子长大的时候，才能理解父母的用心。
❖Only when the children grow up do they understand the parents’intention.❖只是到了那个时候我才明白他的用意。
❖Only then did I figure out his intention.❖他不仅在学校教书，还为报纸写文章。
❖not only ….but also❖Not only does he teach at school, but also he writes for the newspaper.❖4,否定词/半否定词或词组+ 助动词+主语+谓语和其余部分❖Not, never, nor, neither, nowhere, seldom, rarely, little, hardly, scarcely even less 等否定词和半否定词置于句首时。
❖I never dreamt of seeing him in America.❖Never did I dream of seeing him in America❖5,含有否定词的介词短语置于句首+ 助动词+主语+谓语和其余部分❖by no means绝不, in no time立刻，很快, at no time绝不, in no case绝不, on no account绝不, no longer不再, in no way一点也不, on no condition无论如何也不, in/under no circumstances绝不.❖By no means should we look down upon the people who are poor.❖In no case do I want to argue with you.❖In no time will she be here.❖6，so+形容词或副词置于句首; such +is /was❖So rough was the sea that the ship could not get into the harbor.❖So terrible was her concert that half the audience left.❖Such is my joy that I could not sleep.❖Such is my life/work/story.❖7, 一些频率副词，often, sometimes, never, always, usually,程度副词，或方式状语出现在句首，❖Well do I remember the scene.❖I remember the scene well.❖Often did it snow there.❖It often snowed there.❖Many a time has he given me good advice.❖Bitterly did we repent of our carelessness.完全倒装❖1,Here, there, now, then, hence, thus副词出现在句首时,❖Now came the moment of decision.❖The moment of decision came now.❖Now comes your turn.❖Your turn comes now.❖Then came the revolution.❖The revolution came then.❖Look, there comes the bus.❖Look, the bus comes there.❖There goes the last bus.❖The last bus goes there.❖2, 地点状语在句首，常引起谓语倒装，这类谓语多为不及物动词而主语多相对长些。
主语不是人称代词，这些动词有come, lie, stand, walk, rise , live , sit, be等❖North of the Himalayas lies the great tableland of Tibet.❖Downtown in Shenzhen city towers the Diwang Building.❖3, 副词+不及物动词前置❖In went the others.❖Down came the hammer and out flew the sparks【注意】若主语为人称代词，则不能用倒装：Away he went. 他跑远了。
Down it came. 它掉了下来。
❖4,过去分词或现在分词+be的各种形式+主语❖Scattered on the floor were several books and magazines.❖Written on the label is the model of the machine.❖Enclosed/ attached is return postage with this letter.❖Marching at the head of the parading procession was a brass band.强调句型一、位置强调英语句子的语序，一般为：主、谓、宾、表、状。
有时为了强调某个成份，就故意将它移到句首或句末。
如：A.强调主语及状语。
如：(1) I was reading English this morning.—This morning, I was reading English.今天早晨，我一直在读英语。
(2) I’ll go to see Li Lei tomorrow.—Tomorrow, I’ll go to see Li Lei.明天，我要去看李蕾。
B.强调谓语(as, though引导的让步状语从句)(1)Though he will try, he can’t succeed.(2)— Try as / though he will, he ca n’t succeed. 尽管他会尝试，但他不会成功。
(2) Though she can sing, she can’t sing well.—Sing though / as she can, she can’t sing well. 尽管她会唱，但唱得不好。
C.强调宾语或表语(as, though引导的让步状语从句)(1)Though he learnt English, he didn’t learn it well.(2)— English as / though he learnt, h e didn’t learn it well. 尽管他学过英语，但他学得并不好。
(2) Though he is ill, he keeps on working.—Ill as / though he is, he keeps on working. 尽管他有病，他仍坚持工作。
二、用词强调英语中强调的另一种方法，就是用不同的词进行夸张从而达到强调的目的。
