钢结构术语中英文对照
强度strength
承载能力load-carrying capacity
脆断brittle fracture
强度标准值characteristic value of strength
强度设计值design value of strength
一阶弹性分析first order elastic analysis
阶弹性分析second order elastic analysis
屈曲buckling
腹板屈曲后强度post-buckling strength of web plate
通用高厚normalizde web slenderness
整体稳定overall stability
有效宽度effective width
有效宽度系数effective width factor
长细比slenderness ratio
换算长细比equivalent slenderness ratio
支撑力nodal bracing force
无支撑纯框架unbraced frame
强支撑框架frame braced with strong bracing system
弱支撑框架frame braced with weak bracing system
摇摆柱leaning column
柱腹板节点域panel zone of column web
球形钢支座spherical steel bearing
橡胶支座couposite rubber and steel support
主管chord member
支管bracing member
隙节点gap joint
搭接节点overlap joint
平面管节点uniplanar joint
空间管节点multiplanar joint
组合构件built-up member
钢与混凝土组合梁composite steel and concrete beam
A
acceptable quality 合格质量
acceptance lot 验收批量
aciera钢材
against slip coefficient between frictionsurface of high-strength bolted connection 高强度螺栓摩擦面抗滑移系数
allowable ratio of height to sectionalthickness of masonry wall or column
砌体墙、柱容许高厚比
allowable slenderness ratio of steel member 钢构件容许长细比
allowable slenderness ratio of timbercompression member 受压木构件容许长细比allowable stress range of fatigue 疲劳容许应力幅
allowable ultimate tensile strain ofreinforcement 钢筋拉应变限值
allowable value of crack width 裂缝宽度容许值
allowable value of deflection of structuralmember 构件挠度容许值
allowable value of deflection of timberbending member 受弯木构件挠度容许值allowable value of deformation of steelmember 钢构件变形容许值
allowable value of deformation of structuralmember 构件变形容许值
allowable value of drift angle of earthquakeresistant structure
抗震结构层间位移角限值
amplified coefficient of eccentricity偏心距增大系数
anchorage 锚具
anchorage length of steel bar钢筋锚固长度
approval analysis during construction stage 施工阶段验算
arch 拱
arch with tie rod 拉捍拱
arch-shaped roof truss 拱形屋架
area of shear plane 剪面面积
area of transformed section 换算截面面积
aseismic design 建筑抗震设计
assembled monolithic concrete structure 装配整体式混凝土结构
automatic welding 自动焊接
auxiliary steel bar 架立钢筋
B
backfilling plate 垫板
balanced depth of compression zone 界限受压区高度
balanced eccentricity 界限偏心距
bar splice钢筋接头
bark pocket 夹皮
batten plate缀板
beam 次梁
bearing plate支承板
bearing stiffener支承加劲肋
bent-up steel bar弯起钢筋
board 板材
bolt 螺栓
bolted connection 钢结构螺栓连接
bolted joint木结构螺栓连接
bolted steel structure 螺栓连接钢结构
bonded prestressed concrete structure有粘结预应力混凝土结构
bow 顺弯
breadth of wall between windows 窗间墙宽度
building structural materials建筑结构材料
building structural unit建筑结构单元
building structure建筑结构
built-up steel column 格构式钢柱
bundled tube structure 成束筒结构
burn-through 烧穿
butt connection 对接
butt joint对接
butt weld对接焊缝
C
calculating area of compression member 受压构件计算面积
calculating overturning point 计算倾覆点
calculation of load-carrying capacity ofmember 构件承载能力计算
camber of structural member结构构件起拱
cantilever beam 挑梁
cavitation孔洞
characteriseic value of live load on floor orroof 楼面、屋面活荷载标准值characteristi cvalue o fwindload 风荷载标准值
characteristic value of concrete compressivestrength 混凝土轴心抗压强度标准值characteristic value of concrete tensilestrength混凝土轴心抗拉标准值characteristic value of cubic concretecompressive strength
混凝土立方体抗压强度标准值
characteristic value of earthquake action地震作用标准值
characteristic value of horizontal crane load 吊车水平荷载标准值characteristic value of masonry strength 砌体强度标准值
characteristic value of permanent action永久作用标准值
characteristic value of snowload 雪荷载标准值
characteristic value of strength of steel钢材强度标准值
characteristic value of strength of steel bar 钢筋强度标准值
characteristic value of uniformly distributedlive load 均布活标载标准值characteristic value of variable action可变作用标准值
characteristic value of vertical crane load 吊车竖向荷载标准值
charaeteristic value of material strength材料强度标准值
chimney烟囱
circular double-layer suspended cable 圆形双层悬索
circular single-layer suspended cable 圆形单层悬索
circumferential weld 环形焊缝
clear height 净高
cold bend inspection of steelbar 冷弯试验
cold drawn bar 冷拉钢筋
cold drawn wire 冷拉钢丝
cold-formed thin-walled sectionsteel冷弯薄壁型钢
cold-formed thin-walled steel structure 冷弯薄壁型钢结构
cold-rolled deformed bar 冷轧带肋钢筋
column bracing 柱间支撑
combination value of live load on floor orroof 楼面、屋面活荷载组合值compaction 密实度
compliance control 合格控制
composite floor system 组合楼盖
composite floor with profiled steel sheet压型钢板楼板
composite roof truss 组合屋架
compostle member 组合构件
compound stirrup复合箍筋
compression member with large eccentricity大偏心受压构件compression member with small eccentricity小偏心受压构件compressive strength at an angle with slopeof grain 斜纹承压强度compressive strength perpendicular to grain横纹承压强度concentration of plastic deformation 塑性变形集中conceptual earthquake-resistant design 建筑抗震概念设计connecting plate
连接板
connection 连接
connections of steel structure钢结构连接
connections of timber structure木结构连接
consistency of mortar 砂浆稠度
constant cross-section column等截面柱
construction and examination concentratedload 施工和检修集中荷载continuous weld连续焊缝
core area of section 截面核芯面积
core tube supported structure 核心筒悬挂结构
corrosion of steel bar 钢筋锈蚀
coupled wall连肢墙
coupler 连接器
coupling wall-beam 连梁
coupling wall-column... 墙肢
coursing degree of mortar 砂浆分层度
cover plate盖板
covered electrode焊条
crack 裂缝
crack resistance抗裂度
crack width 裂缝宽度
crane girder吊车梁
crane load吊车荷载
creep of concrete 混凝土徐变
crook 横弯
cross beam井字梁
cup 翘弯
curved support 弧形支座
D
deformation analysis 变形验算
degree of gravity vertical for structure orstructural member结构构件垂直度degree of gravity vertical forwall surface 墙面垂直度
degree of plainness for structural memer构件平整度
degree of plainness for wall surface 墙面平整度
depth of compression zone 受压区高度
depth of neutral axis 中和轴高度
design of building structures建筑结构设计
design value of earthquake-resistant strengthof materials 材料抗震强度设计值design value of load-carrying capacity ofmembers构件承载能力设计值designations0f steel 钢材牌号
designvalue of material strength材料强度设计值
destructive test 破损试验
detailing reintorcement 构造配筋
detailing requirements 构造要求
diamonding菱形变形
diaphragm 横隔板
dimensional errors 尺寸偏差
distribution factor of snow pressure 屋面积雪分布系数
double component concrete column双肢柱
dowelled joint销连接
down-stayed composite beam 下撑式组合粱
ductile frame 延性框架
dynamic design 动态设计
E
earthquake-resistant design 抗震设计
earthquake-resistant detailing requirements 抗震构造要求
effective area of fillet weld角焊缝有效面积
effective depth of section截面有效高度
effective diameter of bolt or high-strength bolt 螺栓或高强度螺栓有效直径effective height 计算高度
effective length 计算长度
effective length of fillet weld角焊缝有效计算长度
effective length of nail 钉有效长度
effective span 计算跨度
effective supporting length at end of beam 梁端有效支承长度
effective thickness of fillet weld 角焊缝有效厚度
elastic analysis scheme 弹性方案
elastic foundation beam 弹性地基梁
elastic foundation plate 弹性地基板
elastically supported continuous girder 弹性支座连续梁
elasticity modulus of materials 材料弹性模量
elongation rate 伸长率
embeded parts 预埋件
enhanced coefficient of local bearingstrength of materials局部抗压强度提高系数equivalent slenderness ratio换算长细比
equivalent uniformly distributed live load 等效均布活荷载
etlectlve cross-section area of high-strengthbolt 高强度螺栓的有效截面积ettectlve cross-section area of bolt 螺栓有效截面面积
euler's critical load 欧拉临界力
euler's critical stress欧拉临界应力
F
filler plate填板门
fillet weld 角焊缝
finger joint指接
fish eye 白点
fish-belly beam 角腹式梁
fissure 裂缝
flexible connection 柔性连接
flexural rigidity of section截面弯曲刚度
flexural stiffness of member构件抗弯刚度
floor plate楼板
floor system 楼盖
four sides(edgessupported plate四边支承板
frame structure框架结构
frame tube structure 单框筒结构
frame tube structure 框架-简体结构
frame with sidesway 有侧移框架
frame without sidesway 无侧移框架
frange plate翼缘板
friction coefficient of masonry砌体摩擦系数
full degree of mortar at bed joint 砂浆饱满度
function of acceptance 验收函数
G
gang nail plate joint钉板连接
grider 主梁
grip 夹具
grith weld环形焊缝
groove 坡口
gusset plate节点板
H
hanger 吊环
hanging steel bar 吊筋
heat tempering bar 热处理钢筋
height variation factor of wind pressure 风压高度变化系数
heliral weld螺旋形僻缝
high-strength bolt 高强度螺栓
high-strength bolt with large hexagon bea 大六角头高强度螺栓
high-strength bolted bearing type join 承压型高强度螺栓连接，
high-strength bolted connection 高强度螺栓连接high-strength
bolted friction-type joint 摩擦型高强度螺栓连接high-strength
holted steel slsteel structure 高强螺栓连接钢结构hinge support
铰轴支座
hinged connection 铰接
hlngeless arch无铰拱
hollow brick空心砖
hollow ratio of masonry unit 块体空心率
honeycomb蜂窝
hook 弯钩
hoop 箍筋
hot-rolled deformed bar热轧带肋钢筋
hot-rolled plain bar热轧光圆钢筋
hot-rolled section steel热轧型钢
hunched beam加腋梁
I
impact toughness 冲击韧性
impermeability 抗渗性
inclined section 斜截面
inclined stirrup 斜向箍筋
incomplete penetration 未焊透
incomplete tusion 未溶合
incompletely filled groove 未焊满
indented wire刻痕钢丝
influence coefficient for load-bearingcapacity of compression
member受压构件承载能力影响系数
influence coefficient for spacial action空间性能影响系数
initial control 初步控制
inspection for properties of glue used instructural member结构用胶性能检验inspection for properties of steelbar钢筋性能检验
integral prefabricated prestressed concreteslab-column structure
整体预应力板柱结构
intermediate stiffener中间加劲肋
intermittent weld 断续焊缝
J
joint of reinforcement 钢筋接头
K
key joint键连接
kinetic design 动态设计
knot 节子(木节)
L
laced of battened compression member 格构式钢柱
lacing and batten elements 缀材(缀件)
lacing bar缀条
lamellar tearing 层状撕裂
lap connectlon 叠接(搭接)
lapped length of steel bar 钢筋搭接长度
large pannel concrete structure混凝土大板结构
large-form cocrete structure 大模板结构
lateral bending 侧向弯曲
lateral displacement stiffness of storey 楼层侧移刚度
lateral displacement stiffness of structure 结构侧移刚度
lateral force resistant wallstructure抗侧力墙体结构
leg size of fillet weld角焊缝焊脚尺寸
length of shear plane 剪面长度
lift-slab structure 升板结构
limiting value for sectional dimension 截面尺寸限值
limiting value for supporting length支承长度限值
limiting value for total height of masonrystructure 砌体结构总高度限值linear expansion coeffcient 线膨胀系数
lintel过梁
load bearing wall 承重墙
load-carrying capacity per bolt 单个普通螺栓承载能力
load-carrying capacity per high-strength holt 单个高强螺桂承载能力load-carrying capacity per rivet 单个铆钉承载能力
long term rigidity of member构件长期刚度
longitude horizontal bracing 纵向水平支撑
longitudinal steel bar 纵向钢筋
longitudinal stiffener 纵向加劲肋
longitudinal weld 纵向焊缝
losses of prestress预应力损失
lump material块体
M
main axis强轴
main beam主梁
major axis强轴
manual welding 手工焊接
manufacture control 生产控制
mechanical properties of materials材料力学性能
melt-thru 烧穿
method of sampling 抽样方法
minor axls弱轴
modified coefficient for allowable ratio ofheight to sectionalthickness of masonry wall 砌体墙容许高厚比修正系数
modulus of elasticity of concrete 混凝土弹性模量
modulus of elasticity parellel to grain 顺纹弹性模量
moisture content含水率
moment modified factor 弯矩调幅系数
monitor frame 天窗架
mortar 砂浆
multi-defence system of earthquake-resistantbuilding 多道设防抗震建筑
multi-tube supported suspended structure多筒悬挂结构
N
nailed joint钉连接
net height 净高
net span 净跨度
non-destructive inspection of weld 焊缝无损检验
non-destructive test 非破损检验
non-load-bearingwall 非承重墙
non-uniform cross-section beam变截面粱
non-uniformly distributed strain coefficientof longitudinal tensile reinforcement
纵向受拉钢筋应变不均匀系数
normal concrete 普通混凝土
normal section正截面
notch and tooth joint 齿连接
number of sampling 抽样数量
O
obligue section斜截面
oblique-angle fillet weld斜角角焊缝
one-way reinforced(or prestressedconcreteslab 单向板
open web roof truss 空腹屋架
ordinary concrete 普通混凝土
ordinary steel bar普通钢筋
orthogonal fillet weld 直角角焊缝
outstanding width of flange 翼缘板外伸宽度
outstanding width of stiffener加劲肋外伸宽度
over-all stability reduction coefficient ofsteel beam钢梁整体稳定系数
overturning or slip resistance analysis 抗倾覆、滑移验算
P
padding plate垫板
partial penetrated butt weld不焊透对接焊缝
partition非承重墙
penetrated butt weld 透焊对接焊缝
percentage of reinforcement 配筋率
pilastered wall 带壁柱墙
pit 凹坑
pith 髓心
plain concrete structure素混凝土结构
plane hypothesis 平截面假定
plane structure平面结构
plane trussed lattice grids平面桁架系网架
plank 板材
plastic adaption coefficient of cross-section 截面塑性发展系数
plastic design of steel structure 钢结构塑性设计
plastic hinge 塑性铰
plastlcity coefficient of reinforced concretemember in tensile zone
受拉区混凝土塑性影响系数
plate-like space frame 干板型网架
plate-like space truss 平板型网架
plug weld塞焊缝
plywood 胶合板
pockmark麻面
polygonal top-chord roof truss 多边形屋架
post-tensioned prestressed concrete structure后张法预应力混凝土结构precast reinforced concrete member预制混凝土构件
prefabricated concrete structure装配式混凝土结构
presetting time 初凝时间
prestressed concrete structure 预应力混凝土结构
prestressed steel structure 预应力钢结构
prestressed tendon 预应力筋
pre-tensioned prestressed concrete structure 先张法预应力混凝土结构primary control初步控制
production control生产控制
properties of fresh concrete 可塑混凝土性能
properties of hardened concrete硬化混凝土性能
property of building structural materials建筑结构材料性能
purlin 檩条
Q
quality grade of weld 焊缝质量级别
quality inspection of bolted connection 螺栓连接质量检验
quality inspection of riveted connection 铆钉连接质量检验
quasi-permanent value of live load on flooror roof 楼面、屋面活荷载准永久值R
radial check 辐裂
ratio of axial compressive force to axialcompressive ultimate capacity of section 轴压比
ratio of height to sectional thickness ofwall or column砌体墙柱高、厚比
ratio of reinforcement 配筋率
ratio of shear span to effective depth ofsection 剪跨比
redistribution of internal force 内力重分布
reducing coefficient of compressive strengthin sloping grain for bolted connection 螺栓连接斜纹承压强度降低系数
reducing coefficient of liveload 活荷载折减系数
reducing coefficient of shearing strength fornotch and tooth connection
齿连接抗剪强度降低系数
regular earthquake-resistant building 规则抗震建筑
reinforcement ratio 配筋率
reinforcement ratio per unit volume体积配筋率
relaxation of prestressed tendon 预应筋松弛
representative value of gravity load 重力荷载代表值
resistance to abrasion 耐磨性
resistance to freezing and thawing 抗冻融性
resistance to water penetration抗渗性
reveal of reinforcement 露筋
right-angle filletweld 直角角焊缝
rigid analysis scheme刚性方案
rigid connection 刚接
rigid transverse wall 刚性横墙
rigid zone 刚域
rigid-elastic analysis scheme 刚弹性方案
rigidity of section 截面刚度
rigidly supported continous girder 刚性支座连续梁
ring beam圈梁
rivet 铆钉
riveted connecction 铆钉连接
riveted steel beam铆接钢梁
riveted steel girder铆接钢梁
riveted steel structure铆接钢结构
rolle rsupport 滚轴支座
rolled steel beam 轧制型钢梁
roof board 屋面板
roof bracing system 屋架支撑系统
roof girder 屋面梁
roof plate屋面板
roof slab 屋面板
roof system 屋盖
roof truss 屋架
round wire 光圆钢丝
S
safety classes of building structures建筑结构安全等级safetybolt 保险螺栓
saw-tooth joint failure齿缝破坏
scarf joint斜搭接
seamless steel pipe 无缝钢管
seamless steel tube 无缝钢管
second moment of area of tranformed section 换算截面惯性矩second order effect due to displacement 挠曲二阶效应secondary axis弱轴
secondary beam次粱
section modulus of transformed section换算截面模量section steel型钢
semi-automatic welding 半自动焊接
separated steel column分离式钢柱
setting time 凝结时间
shake 环裂
shaped steel型钢
shapefactorofwindload 风荷载体型系数
shear plane 剪面
shearing rigidity of section 截面剪变刚度
shearing stiffness of member构件抗剪刚度
short stiffener短加劲肋
short term rigidity of member 构件短期刚度
shrinkage 干缩
shrinkage of concrete 混凝干收缩
silos 贮仓
skylight truss天窗架
slab 楼板
slab-column structure 板柱结构
slag inclusion 夹渣
sloping grain 斜纹
slump 坍落度
snow reference pressure 基本雪压
solid-web steel column 实腹式钢柱
space structure空间结构
space suspended cable 悬索
spacing of bars 钢筋间距
spacing of rigid transverse wall 刚性横墙间距
spacing of stirrup legs箍筋肢距
spacing of stirrups箍筋间距
specified concrete 特种混凝上
spiral stirrup螺旋箍筋
spiral weld螺旋形焊缝
split ringjoint裂环连接
square pyramid space grids 四角锥体网架
stability calculation 稳定计算
stability reduction coefficient of axiallyloaded compression 轴心受压构件稳定系数stair 楼梯
static analysis scheme of building 房屋静力汁算方案
static design 房屋静力汁算方案
statically determinate structure静定结构
statically indeterminate structure超静定结构
sted 钢材
steel bar钢筋
steel column component 钢柱分肢
steel columnbase钢柱脚
steel fiber reinforced concrete structure钢纤维混凝土结构
steel hanger 吊筋
steel mesh reinforced brick masonry member 方格网配筋砖砌体构件
steel pipe钢管
steel plate钢板
steel plateelement钢板件
steel strip钢带
steel support 钢支座
steel tie拉结钢筋
steel tie bar for masonry 砌体拉结钢筋
steel tube钢管
steel tubular structure 钢管结构
steel wire 钢丝
stepped column阶形柱
stiffener加劲肋
stiffness of structural member 构件刚度
stiffness of transverse wall横墙刚度
stirrup 箍筋
storev height 层高
straight-line joint failure 通缝破坏
straightness of structural member 构件乎直度
strand 钢绞线
strength classes of masonry units 块体强度等级
strength classes of mortar 砂浆强度等级
strength classes of structural steel钢材强度等级
strength classes(grades of prestressed tendon 预应力筋强度等级
strength classes(grades of steel bar 普通钢筋强度等级
strength of structural timber parallel tograin木材顺纹强度
strongaxis 强轴
structural system composed of bar 杆系结构
structural system composed of plate 板系结构
structural wall 结构墙
superposed reinforced concrete flexuralmember 叠合式混凝土受弯构件suspended crossed cable net 双向正交索网结构
suspended structure悬挂结构
swirl grain涡纹
T
tensile(compressive)rigidity of section 截面拉伸(压缩刚度)
tensile(compressive)stiffness of member构件抗拉(抗压刚度)
tensile(ultimate) strength of steel 钢材抗拉(极限强度)
test for properties of concrete structuralmembers 构件性能检验thickness of concrete cover 混凝土保护层厚度
thickness of mortarat bed joint水平灰缝厚度
thin shell薄壳
three hinged arch 三铰拱
tie bar拉结钢筋
tie beam系梁
tie tod系杆
tied framework绑扎骨架
tor-shear type high-strength bolt 扭剪型高强度螺栓
torsional rigidity of section截面扭转刚度
torsional stiffness of member构件抗扭刚度
total breadth of structure结构总宽度
total height of structure结构总高度
total length of structure结构总长度
transmission length of prestress 预应力传递长度
transverse horizontal bracing 横向水平支撑
transverse stiffener横向加劲肋
transverse weld横向焊缝
transversely distributed steelbar横向分布钢筋
trapezoid roof truss 梯形屋架
triangular pyramid space grids三角锥体网架
triangular roof truss 三角形屋架
trussed arch椽架
trussed rafter桁架拱
tube in tube structure筒中筒结构
tube structure简体结构
twist 扭弯
two hinged arch双铰拱
U
unbonded prestressed concrete structure 无粘结预应力混凝土结构undercut 咬边
uniform cross-section beam等截面粱
upper flexible and lower rigid complexmultistorey building上柔下刚多层房屋upper rigid lower flexible complexmultistorey building 上刚下柔多层房屋
V
value of decompression prestress 预应力筋消压预应力值
value of effective prestress预应筋有效预应力值
verification of serviceability limit states正常使用极限状态验证
verification of ultimate limit states 承载能极限状态验证
vertical bracing 竖向支撑
vierendal roof truss 空腹屋架
visual examination of structural member构件外观检查
visual examination of structural steel member钢构件外观检查
visual examination of weld 焊缝外观检查
W
wall beam墙梁
wall frame 壁式框架
wall-slab structure 墙板结构
warping 翘曲
warping rigidity of section 截面翘曲刚度
water retentivity of mortar 砂浆保水性
water tower 水塔
water／cement ratio水灰比
weak axis弱轴
weak region of earthquake-resistant building抗震建筑薄弱部位
web plate腹板
weld 焊缝
weld crack 焊接裂纹
weld defects焊接缺陷
weld roof 焊根
weld toe 焊趾
weldability of steel bar 钢筋可焊性
welded framework焊接骨架
welded steel beam焊接钢梁
welded steel girder焊接钢梁
welded steel pipe焊接钢管
welded steel strueture焊接钢结构
welding connection 焊缝连接
welding flux焊剂
welding rod焊条
welding wire 焊丝
wind fluttering factor风振系数
wind reference pressure 基本风压
wind-resistant column 抗风柱
Y
yield strength(yield point)of steel 钢筋屈服强度(屈服点)
Steel structure 面积：area 结构形式：framework 坡度：slope 跨度：span 柱距：bay spacing 檐高：eave height 屋面板：roof system 墙面板：wall system 梁底净高: clean height 屋面系统: roof cladding 招标文件: tender doc 建筑结构结构可靠度设计统一标准: unified standard for designing of architecture construction reliablity 建筑结构荷载设计规范: load design standard for architecture construction 建筑抗震设计规范: anti-seismic design standard for architecture 钢结构设计规范: steel structure design standard 冷弯薄壁型钢结构技术规范: technical standard for cold bend and thick steel structure 门式钢架轻型房屋钢结构技术规范: technical specification for steel structure of light weight building with gabled frames 钢结构焊接规程: welding specification for steel structure 钢结构工程施工及验收规范: checking standard for constructing and checking of steel structure 压型金属板设计施工规程: design and construction specification for steel panel 荷载条件：load condition 屋面活荷载：live load on roof 屋面悬挂荷载：suspended load in roof 风荷载：wind load 雪荷载：snow load 抗震等级：seismic load 变形控制：deflect control 柱间支撑X撑：X bracing 主结构：primary structure 钢架梁柱、端墙柱: frame beam, frame column, and end-wall column 钢材牌号为Q345或相当牌号，大型钢厂出品：Q345 or equivalent, from the major steel mill 表面处理：抛丸除锈Sa2.5级，环氧富锌漆，两底两面，总厚度为125UM。表面喷涂防火材料，防火等级为：柱2小时，梁1.5小时 surface treatment: shot blasting to Sa2.5,zinc rich epoxy paint. 2primer paint and 2 finish paint .total dry film thickness 125um. Spraying fireproof painting on surface, for column 2hours and beam 1.5hours. 次结构包括：屋面檩条、围梁、门窗开口加强等，工厂轧制成C型、Z型截面，工厂预冲孔。Secondary structure included purlins, girts, roof opening and wall opening reinforcement, prepunched and rolled to C or Z section on factory machine. 材质：热浸镀锌卷材，Q345或相当牌号，大型钢厂出品或进口。Material : hot-dipped galvanized steel coil, Q345 or equivalent, from the major domestic steel mills or imported.
财务专业术语中英文对照表 英文中文说明 Account Accounting system 会计系统 American Accounting Association 美国会计协会 American Institute of CPAs 美国注册会计师协会 Audit 审计 Balance sheet 资产负债表 Bookkeepking 簿记 Cash flow prospects 现金流量预测 Certificate in Internal Auditing 部审计证书 Certificate in Management Accounting 管理会计证书 Certificate Public Accountant注册会计师 Cost accounting 成本会计 External users 外部使用者 Financial accounting 财务会计 Financial Accounting Standards Board 财务会计准则委员会 Financial forecast 财务预测 Generally accepted accounting principles 公认会计原则 General-purpose information 通用目的信息 Government Accounting Office 政府会计办公室 Income statement 损益表 Institute of Internal Auditors 部审计师协会 Institute of Management Accountants 管理会计师协会 Integrity 整合性 Internal auditing 部审计 Internal control structure 部控制结构 Internal Revenue Service 国收入署 Internal users部使用者 Management accounting 管理会计 Return of investment 投资回报 Return on investment 投资报酬 Securities and Exchange Commission 证券交易委员会
钢结构术语中英文对照 强度strength 承载能力load-carrying capacity 脆断brittle fracture 强度标准值characteristic value of strength 强度设计值design value of strength 一阶弹性分析first order elastic analysis 阶弹性分析second order elastic analysis 屈曲buckling 腹板屈曲后强度post-buckling strength of web plate 通用高厚normalizde web slenderness 整体稳定overall stability 有效宽度effective width 有效宽度系数effective width factor 长细比slenderness ratio 换算长细比equivalent slenderness ratio 支撑力nodal bracing force 无支撑纯框架unbraced frame 强支撑框架frame braced with strong bracing system 弱支撑框架frame braced with weak bracing system 摇摆柱leaning column 柱腹板节点域panel zone of column web 球形钢支座spherical steel bearing 橡胶支座couposite rubber and steel support 主管chord member 支管bracing member 隙节点gap joint 搭接节点overlap joint 平面管节点uniplanar joint 空间管节点multiplanar joint 组合构件built-up member 钢与混凝土组合梁composite steel and concrete beam A acceptable quality 合格质量 acceptance lot 验收批量 aciera 钢材 against slip coefficient between frictionsurface of high-strength bolted connection 高强度螺栓摩擦面抗滑移系数 allowable ratio of height to sectionalthickness of masonry wall or column 砌体墙、柱容许高厚比 allowable slenderness ratio of steel member 钢构件容许长细比
Chemntherapeutic agents 化学疗法 thus xue fiao fa) Chemothcrjipy 化学疔,Z (hija xue Aaa fa) hns the goal of killing or stopping rhe development nf rapidly dividing cells. Examples are Cisplatin, Carboplat in, Bkomycin I 博来霉嗪1 (ftd l3f Sg S-fltinrncjrao 5 氟尿瞪喘(ft/ HiAO m dfinfl), mrthotrExate 甲員媒时{Jia 的 did /ioffk Vincristine fifr chun xJTj/a^, Vinblastine 衣祚碱 (chang chun ;ian}. Taxol and Tawiuvirtn .木戟题(SSfi ben 阳ng 钠* Since the sanK nicchanism (hat kilh malignant cdl or blocks de vela pment of a malignant cell cm have similar effects on a nnrnuil, rap idly dividing celt any of LhcNt agents ciin hax r c btid side clfccts. Some terms of cancer ircitLcd with chemcthera 卩、may cjus,e ihe cancer (o "disappear
色彩常用术语中英文对照 2007-08-06 16:48:16 (已经被浏览7次) 一.红色类红色red 朱红vermeil; vermilion; ponceau 粉红pink; soft red; rose bloom 梅红plum;crimson;fuchsia red 玫瑰红rose madder; rose 桃红peach blossom; peach; carmine rose 樱桃红cherry; cerise 桔红reddish orange; tangerine; jacinth; salmon pink; salmon 石榴红garnet 枣红purplish red; jujube red; date red 莲红lotus red 浅莲红fuchsia pink 豉豆红bean red 辣椒红capsicum red 高粱红Kaoliang red 芙蓉红hibiscus red; poppy red; poppy 胭脂红rogue red ; carmine; cochineal; lake 鲑鱼红salmon 玳瑁红hawksbill turtle red 海螺红cadmium orange 宝石红ruby red 玛瑙红agate red 珊瑚红coral 金红bronze red 铁红iron oxide red 铁锈红rust red 镉红cadmium red 铬红chrome red 砖红brick red 土红laterite; reddle 郎窑红lang-kiln red 均红Jun-kiln red 釉底红underglaze red 威尼斯红Venetian red 法国红French vermilion 茜红alizarin red; madder red 洋红carmine; magenta 品红pinkish red; magenta 猩红scarlet red; scarlet; blood red 油红oil red 紫红purplish red; madder red; wine red; wine; carmine;amaranth; claret; fuchsia;
工程用语 1、 Steel material 钢材 parent metal母材 plank板材 planking铺板 backfilling plate 、padding plate垫板 connecting plate连接板 fringe plate翼缘板 gusset plate节点板 ten let样板 web plate腹板 intermediate stiffener中间加劲肋 edge stiffener边缘加劲肋 longitudinal stiffener纵向加劲肋 steel column base钢柱脚 steel pipe、steel tube钢管 steel support钢支座 steel strip钢带 steel section型钢 steel plate element钢板件 steel plate钢板 steel wire钢丝 stiffener加劲肋 allowable slenderness ratio of steel member 钢构件容许长细比2、 hot-rolled section steel热轧型钢 angle steel 角钢 channel槽钢 flat bar扁钢 shaped steel型钢 steel column钢柱 seamless steel tube无缝钢管 profiled steel sheet压型钢板 purling檩条 Steel beam 梁 box girder 箱形梁 cantilever beam 挑梁 continuous beam连续梁 simply supported beam简支梁 girder主梁
语文课程与教学论 名词术语中英文对照表 the Chinese Course and Teaching and Learning Theory in Chinese and English Teaching materials editing teaching materials /Chinese Teaching Materials /edit teaching materials /Uniformed Chinese Teaching Materials /Experimental Teaching Materials /Mother Tongue Teaching Materials /Teaching Materials of the New Course *textbook *reading book *teaching reference book *exercises book *studying plan Technology /Educational Technology /Modern Educational Technology /Educational Technology in Chinese Teaching /multi-media technology /net technology /cloud serving technology *white board *net meeting *chat room *blog Teaching Basic Theory of the Teaching teaching aim teaching task teaching objective teaching model teaching tactics teaching principle teaching program teaching reform teaching case Courseware teaching resources teaching experiment /mother tongue teaching A Term List of 1. 教材（ JC ） 教材编写 /语文教材 /编写教材 / 统编教材 /实验教材 /母语教材 /新课程教材 * 课本 * 读本 * 教学参考书（教参） * 练习册 *学案 2. 技术（ JS ） / 教育技术 /现代 教育技术 /语文 教育技术 /多媒 体技术 / 网络 技术 /云服务技 术 * 白板 *网 络会议 *聊天室 * 博克 3. 教学 （JX ） 教学基本理论 教学目的 教学 任务 教学目标 教学模式 教学 策略 教学原则 教学大纲 教学 改革 教学案例 教学课件 教学 资源 教学实验 /母语教学
纺织机械专业术语大全及中英文对照，很有用！ 导读 本文由钱苹生先生整理编辑，再次表示感谢！如需转载，请注明作者及来源，谢谢！ 一、纺纱类机械： 1. 棉纺前纺机械Preparatory machinery for cotton spinningsystems 2. 轧花机Gins 3. 打包机 Baling presses4. 拆包机及抓包机Bale breakers, bale pluckers5. 清花间用机械Blow room machinery6. 混棉箱Blending hoppers7. 梳棉机自动喂棉机Automatic feeding devices for cardingmachines8. 梳棉机Carding machines9. 并条机Drawing frames10. 条卷机Sliver lap machines11. 精梳机Combing machines12. 粗纱机Speed frames13. 包纱机Covering machines14. 精梳毛纺、半精梳毛纺、毛纺前纺机械Preparatory machinery for worsted,semi-worsted or woolen spinning systems15. 羊毛开包机Wool bale brokers16. 洗毛生产机Wool washing lines17. 开松除杂机、和毛机、弹毛机willowingmachinery and teasers, garnet machines18. 废毛利用生产机Waste reclamation19. 梳毛机Carding machines20. 自动
Hacker 黑客，最初是指发现网络系统安全漏洞并进行修补的人，而现在多指利用系统安全漏洞对网络进行攻击破坏或窃取资料的人 HomePage 主页，通过万维网(Web)进行信息查询的起始信息页 HTML Hypertext Markup Language超文本链接语言HTTP Hypertext Transfer Protocol超文本传输协议ICP Internet Content Provider Internet内容提供商ICQ I seek you网上寻呼 Internet国际互联网，因特网 internet 互联网，泛指由多个计算机网络相互连接而成的一个网络 I Phone Internet Phone一种通过Internet进行语音通讯的技术 IP电话利用Internet技术传输话音信号的一种电话 IRC Internet Relay Chat Internet实时网上交谈系统ISP Internet Service Provider Internet服务提供商 MUD Multi-User Dungeon多用户网络游戏 NII National Information Infrastructure 国家信息基础结构，俗称信息高速公 路 POP Post Office Protocol邮局协议 Proxy Server 代理服务器，一种代表客户机转送服务请求的服务器，它也可以通过在送出信息内容前对其进行审查，从而在因特网和专用网之间提供防火墙安全性 PSP Platform Service Provider平台服务供应商 Telnet远程登录 UNINET中国联通互联网 URL Uniform Resource Locator网站地址 VST Virtual Space Teleconferencing虚拟空间会议 Web环球网 WWW World Wide Web万维网 技术标准 Big5台湾流行的汉字内码标准 CMM Capacity Maturity Model 软件过程能力成熟度模型，一种评测软件开发能力与质量的方法 DES Data Encryption Standard数据加密标准 GB国家标准汉字内码GMT Greenwich Mean Time格林威治时间 IEEE Institution of Electrical and Electronics 电气和电子工程师学会（美国） ISO International Standardization Organization 国际标准化组织 ISO 9000一种质量管理标准 JPEG Joint Photographic Experts Group 联合图象专家组规范，一种图象压缩 标准 MP3MPEGAudioLayer3一种音乐格式，它能够将CD品质的数字录音压缩成原来的1/12大小，令其容易存储和在网上传输 MPEG Motion Picture Experts Group 一种活动图象和声音的压缩标准，其中MPEG1是最常用的，为VCD所采用，MPEG2则为DVD所采用 Open System Interconnect 开放系统互连，用于各种型号计算机
University beam (UB)----通用梁(工字梁) University columns (UC)----通用柱 Rolled steel angles (RSA)----角钢 RSC----C型钢(槽钢) Rectangular hollow sections (RHS)----矩形中空型钢 Square hollow sections (SHS)-----正方形中空型钢 Circular hollow sections (CHS)----圆形中空型钢 High strength friction GRIP (HSFG)----高强度摩擦紧固螺栓 Tension control (TC)----拉力控制 All flux -----合金焊剂 All-weld-metal test specimen------全焊缝金属试件(完全由焊缝金属组成的缩短断面试件) Automatic welding-----自动焊接 Back gouging-----清根 Backing----衬垫 base metal----母材 Bevel angle----破口面角度 Box tubing-----箱型管 Butt joint ---- 对接接头 Butt weld ---- 对接焊缝 Cap pass ---- 盖面焊道 Complete penetration ---- 完全熔透
Corner joint ---- 角接接头 contract documents ---- 合同文件 contractor ---- 承包商 contractor’s Inspector ---- 承包商检验员 ESW (electroslag welding) ---- 电渣焊 FCA W(flux cored arc welding) ---- 药芯焊丝电弧焊
各种专业名称英语词汇中英文对照表
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各种专业名称英语词汇中英文对照表 哲学Phｉｌoｓopｈy 马克思主义哲学Philosophy of Mａrxism 中国哲学ＣhinesｅＰhｉlｏｓｏpｈy 外国哲学ForeiｇｎPhiloｓopｈｉes ?逻辑学Loｇiｃ?伦理学Ｅthiｃs 美学Ａｅstheｔics 宗教学Science of Rｅｌigiｏn?科学技术哲学Philｏsoｐhy ｏf Sciencｅ ａnｄTecｈｎolｏgy?经济学Ecoｎｏｍiｃs?理论经济学Ｔhｅoreｔicaｌ Ｅcoｎomｉcs ?政治经济学PｏlｉticａｌＥconoｍy ?经济思想史History oｆEconｏｍｉc Thougｈt ?经济史Hｉstoｒy of Eｃonoｍｉc 西方经济学WesｔernＥcoｎoｍiｃs?世界经济World Economｉcs ?人口、资源与环境经济学Populａｔion,Rｅsｏurces ａnｄＥnｖiroｎmentaｌＥcoｎoｍｉcs 应用经济学Aｐpｌied Econｏmｉcs 国民经济学Natｉｏnal Economics?区域经济学Rｅgionａl Ｅconｏmics ?财政学（含税收学)Ｐublic Ｆｉnanｃe (incｌudiｎｇＴaxａtion) 金融学（含保险学) Fiｎance (incｌuｄing Inｓurａnce)?产业经济学Indusｔrial Economiｃs ?国际贸易学Ｉｎｔｅrｎatioｎal Trade 劳动经济学Laｂor Econoｍｉcs ?统计学Staｔｉｓtics ?数量经济学Quanｔita ｔive Eｃonoｍｉcs ?中文学科、专业名称英文学科、专业名称 国防经济学Nａtionａl Defense Economicｓ?法学Ｌaw 法学Ｓciｅｎce of Law ?法学理论Jurisｐrudeｎcｅ?法律史Legal Hiｓtory ?宪法学与行政法学Ｃoｎstituｔｉｏnal Law aｎd Adｍｉnistrative Law 刑法学Criｍiｎal Jurisｐruｄeｎｃe 民商法学(含劳动法学、社会保障法学）Civil Ｌaw and Commｅｒｃial Lａw （i ｎｃlｕdiｎg Sciｅnce ｏf LaｂouｒLawａnd Ｓcience oｆＳｏcial Ｓec ｕrｉtｙLaw）?诉讼法学Scｉeｎce of PｒｏｃedurｅLａｗs ?经济法学Sc ｉeｎce oｆＥｃonomic Law ?环境与资源保护法学Science oｆEｎvirｏnｍent anｄNatuｒal Rｅsｏuｒｃｅs Ｐrotection Law 国际法学（含国际公法学、国际私法学、国际经济法学、）Ｉntｅｒnaｔionaｌlaw （includiｎg Inｔerｎatiｏnａl Public lａw, Intｅrnaｔiｏnal PｒivａtｅLaw a
机械专业英语词汇中英文对照翻译一览表 陶瓷ceramics 合成纤维synthetic fibre 电化学腐蚀electrochemical corrosion 车架automotive chassis 悬架suspension 转向器redirector 变速器speed changer 板料冲压sheet metal parts 孔加工spot facing machining 车间workshop 工程技术人员engineer 气动夹紧pneuma lock 数学模型mathematical model 画法几何descriptive geometry 机械制图Mechanical drawing 投影projection 视图view 剖视图profile chart 标准件standard component 零件图part drawing 装配图assembly drawing
尺寸标注size marking 技术要求technical requirements 刚度rigidity 内力internal force 位移displacement 截面section 疲劳极限fatigue limit 断裂fracture 塑性变形plastic distortion 脆性材料brittleness material 刚度准则rigidity criterion 垫圈washer 垫片spacer 直齿圆柱齿轮straight toothed spur gear 斜齿圆柱齿轮helical-spur gear 直齿锥齿轮straight bevel gear 运动简图kinematic sketch 齿轮齿条pinion and rack 蜗杆蜗轮worm and worm gear 虚约束passive constraint 曲柄crank 摇杆racker
钢结构中英文对照 从施工规范及相关文件资料整理Leo-QQ-778468076 材料 钢板steel plate 钢管steel plate 垫板padding plate 垫块backfilling 地脚螺栓anchor bolt 预埋螺栓embedded bolt 螺母nut 垫圈washer 铆钉rivet 螺丝钉screw 高强螺栓high-strength bolt 大六角头高强螺栓big hexagonal high-strength bolt 型钢section steel，shaped steel 自攻螺钉tapping screw 波形屋面瓦wave roof tile 钢丝网steel-wire mesh 防腐材料anticorrosive material 防火涂料fireproof paint 防锈漆anticorrosive paint 底漆primer 面漆nominated painting 构件 零件part 部件component 构件element 钢柱steel column 钢柱脚steel column base 钢支座steel support 实腹式钢柱solid-web steel column 带牛腿钢柱the steel column with bracket 主梁main beam 次梁secondary beam 檩条purlin 吊车梁crane girder 系杆tie beam 系梁tie beam 屋架roof truss 坡口groove
屋盖roof system 屋面板roof board，roof slab，roof plate 天窗架skylight truss 拱形屋架arch-shaped roof truss 三角形屋架triangle roof truss 梯形屋架trapezoid roof truss 中拼单位intermediate assembled structure 空间刚度单元space rigid unit 环境温度ambient temperature 预拼装test assembling 连接connection 螺栓连接钢构bolted steel structure 摩擦型高强螺栓连接high-strength bolted friction-type connection 不焊透对接焊接partial penetrated butt weld 焊透对接焊接penetrated butt weld 焊钉（栓钉）焊接stud welding 数据及单位 抗震设计earthquake-resistant design 层高storey height 净高net height 计算长度effective length 计算高度effective height 计算跨度effective span 净跨net span 净重net weight 吨ton 千克kilogram 面积area 立方的cubic 平方（正方形的，矩形的）square 容积capacity 米meter 厘米centimeter 毫米millimeter 微米micrometer 工具及机械 焊机welding machine 自动焊机automatic welding machine 自动埋弧焊机submerged arc automatic welding machine 手动电弧焊机manual arc welding machine
"R，L Co.,Ltd" 模具常用术语中英文对照 模芯Parting Core 局部视图Partial View 冷料# Cold Slag 线切割 Wire 轮廊Contour 螺纹孔 Tapping Hole 连接件 Fittings 斜针Angle Pin 接合Engage 替换镶件Interchangeable Mold Inserts 指定吨位的注塑机Specific Press 水嘴接头Water Fittings 螺纹Eyebolt Thread 回针Stop Pin 二级顶出针Sub-Leaderd Pin 镶件Mold Insert 加硬Harden 唧嘴Sprue 设计筒图Design Preliminary 名称块表Title Block 版本标识Revision Level 材料清单Stock List 制模Build Mold 手动滑块Hand Slide 漏水测试Leak Test 流道排气Runner Vents 抛光Draw Polish 侧抽芯 Side Action 加强筋 Reinforcing
三角撑 Gusset 柱子Bossed 出模斜度Draft 外廊Contour 落单会议Kick-Off Meeting 装卸孔 Handling Hole 运输安全带Moldstrap 码模槽 Clamp Slot 撑头Support Pillar 螺牙1/2-13 Eye Bolt 1/2-13Tap 导柱位 Leader Pin Location 耐落胶 Teflon Paste 偏移量 Offset 水塞Water Line Plug 撬模脚 Ppy Slot 重新加工Reworked 配件Components 补偿Compensation 平面度 Parallel 倒角Chamfer 模胚Mold Base 热嘴Hotnozzle 火花机 Edm 熔接线 Weildline 压机Press 晒纹Texturing 梯形Trapezoid 凸缘、法兰Flange 方铁Spacer Block 顶针板Ejector Plate 顶针底板Ejector Retainer Plate 垫板Retainer Plate
钢结构术语和符号（中英文对照） 一、术语 1、强度：构件截面材料或连接抵抗破坏的能力。强度计算是防止结构构件或连接因材料强度被超过而破坏的计算。 2、承载能力：结构或构件不会因强度、稳定或疲劳等因素破坏所能承受的最大内力；或塑性分析形成破坏机构时的最大内力；或达到不适应于继续承载的变形时的内力。 3、脆断：一般指钢结构在拉应力状态下没有出现警示性的塑性变形而突然发生的脆性断裂。 4、强度标准值：国家标准规定的钢材屈服点(屈服强度)或抗拉强度。 5、强度设计值：钢材或连接的强度标准值除以相应抗力分项系数后的数值。 6、一阶弹性分析：不考虑结构二阶变形对内力产生的影响，根据未变形的结构建立平衡条件，按弹性阶段分析结构内力及位移。
7、二阶弹性分析：考虑结构二阶变形对内力产生的影响，根据位移后的结构建立平衡条件，按弹性阶段分析结构内力及位移。 8、屈曲：杆件或板件在轴心压力、弯矩、剪力单独或共同作用下突然发生与原受力状态不符的较大变形而失去稳定。 9、腹板屈曲后强度：腹板屈曲后尚能继续保持承受荷载的能力。 10、通用高厚比：参数，其值等于钢材受弯、受剪或受压屈服强度除以相应的腹板抗弯、抗剪或局部承压弹性屈曲应力之商的平方根。 11、整体稳定：在外荷载作用下，对整个结构或构件能否发生屈曲或 失稳的评估。 12、有效宽度：在进行截面强度和稳定性计算时宽度。假定板件有效的那 13、有效宽度系数：板件有效宽度与板件实际宽度的比值。 14、计算长度：构件在其有效约束点间的几何长度乘以考虑杆端变形情况和所受荷载情况的系数而得的等
效长度，用以计算构件的长细比。计算焊缝连接强度时采用的焊缝长度。 15、长细比：构件计算长度与构件截面回转半径的比值。 16、换算长细比：在轴心受压构件的整体稳定计算中，按临界力相等的原则，将格构式构件换算为实腹构件进行计算时所对应的长细比或将弯扭与扭转失稳换算为弯曲失稳时采用的长细比。 17、支撑力：为减小受压构件(或构件的受压翼缘)的自由长度所设置的侧向支承处，在被支撑构件（或构件受压翼缘)的屈曲方向，所需施加于该构件(或构件受压冀缘)截面剪心的侧向力。 18、无支撑纯框架：依靠构件及节点连接的抗弯能力，抵抗侧向荷载的框架。 19、强支撑框架：在支撑框架中，支撑结构(支撑桁架、剪力墙、电梯井等)抗侧移刚度较大，可将该框架视为无侧移的框架。 20、弱支撑框架：在支撑框架中，支撑结构抗侧移刚度较弱，不能将该框架视为无侧移的框架。
术语表 Acceptance Criteria–接受标准:接受测试结果的数字限度、范围或其他合适的量度标准。Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient（API）（or Drug Substance）-活性要用成分（原料药）旨在用于药品制造中的任何一种物质或物质的混合物，而且在用于制药时，成为药品的一种活性成分。此种物质在疾病的诊断，治疗，症状缓解，处理或疾病的预防中有药理活性或其他直接作用，或者能影响机体的功能和结构。 API Starting Material–原料药的起始物料:用在原料药生产中的，以主要结构单元被并入该原料药的原料、中间体或原料药。原料药的起始物料可能是在市场上有售，能够根据合同或商业协议从一个或多个供应商处购得，或者自己生产。原料药的起始物料通常有特定的化学特性和结构。 Batch（or Lot）-批:有一个或一系列工艺过程生产的一定数量的物料，因此在规定的限度内是均一的。在连续生产中，一批可能对应与生产的某以特定部分。其批量可规定为一个固定数量，或在固定时间间隔内生产的数量。 Batch Number（or Lot Number）-批号用于标识一批的一个数字、字母和/或符号的唯一组合，从中可确定生产和销售的历史。 Bioburden–生物负载：可能存在与原料、原料药的起始物料、中间体或原料药中的微生物的水平和种类（例如，治病的或不治病的）。生物负载不应当当作污染，除非含量超标，或者测得治病生物。 Calibration–校验：证明某个仪器或装置在一适当的量程范围内测得的结果与一参照物，或可追溯的标准相比在规定限度内。 Computer System–计算机系统：设计安装用于执行某一项或一组功能的一组硬件元件和关联的软件。 Computerized System–计算机化系统与计算机系统整合的一个工艺或操作。Contamination–污染：在生产、取样、包装或重新包装、贮存或运输过程中，具化学或微生物性质的杂质或外来物质进入或沾染原料、中间体或原料药。 Contract Manufacturer–协议制造商：代表原制造商进行部分制造的制造商。 Critical–决定性的：用来描述为了确保原料药符合规格标准，必须控制在预定范围内的工艺步骤、工艺条件、测试要求或其他有关参数或项目。 Cross-Contamination–交叉污染:一种物料或产品对另一种物料或产品的污染。 Deviation–偏差：对批准的指令或规定的标准的偏离。 Drug（Medicinal）Product–药品：经最后包装准备销售的制剂（参见Q1A） Drug Substance–药物见原料药 Expiry Date（or Expiration Date）-有效期:原料药容器/标签上注明的日期，在此规定时间内，该原料药在规定条件下贮存时，仍符合规格标准，超过这以期限则不应当使用。 Impurity–杂质:存在与中间体或原料药中，任何不希望得到的成分。 Impurity Profile–杂质概况:对存在于一种原料药中的已知和未知杂质的描述。 In-Process Control（or Process Control）-中间控制:生产过程中为监测，在必要时调节工艺和/或保证中间体或原料药符合其规格而进行的检查。 Intermediate–中间体:原料药工艺步骤中生产的、必须经过进一步分子变化或精制才能成为原料药的一种物料。中间体可以分离或不分离。 Manufacture–制造:物料的接收、原料药的生产、包装、重新包装、贴签、重新贴签、质量控制、放行、贮存和分发以及相关控制的所有操作。 Material–物料:原料（起始物料，试剂，溶剂），工艺辅助用品，中间体，原料药和包装及贴签材料的统称。
塑料橡胶机械及设备术语-中英文对照 A) Machinery & Equipment for the Plastics & Rubber Industries 塑料橡胶机械及设备 . Machine & equipment for preprocessing, recycling预加工、回收利用机械及设备 1.01 Mixers混炼机 1.02 Two roll mills双辊塑炼机 1.03 Powder compactors粉料压实机 1.04 Size reduction equipment (granulators, crushers, shredders, blade granulators)破碎设备(粉碎机、压碎机、撕碎机、叶片式造粒机) 1.05 Pelletizers切粒机 1.06 Screen changers / Melt filters换网器/熔体过滤器 1.07 Compounding lines配混生产线 1.08 Recycling lines回收利用作业线 Extruders & extrusion lines挤出机及挤出生产线 2.01 Extruders, single screw type单螺杆挤出机 2.02 Extruders, twin screw type双螺杆挤出机 2.03 Extrusion lines for blown film吹涨薄膜挤出生产线 2.04 Extrusion lines for flat film and sheets平挤薄膜及片材挤出生产线 2.05 Extrusion lines for strappings橡皮圈挤出生产线 2.06 Extrusion lines for mono- and multifilaments单层及多层丝挤出生产线 2.07 Extrusion lines for pipes and profiles管道及型材挤出生产线 2.08 Extrusion lines for laminating and coating层压及涂层挤出生产线2.09 Extrusion lines for sheathing of pipes and cables管道及电线护套挤出生产线 2.10 Extrusion lines for rubber橡胶挤出生产线 Injection moulding machines注塑机 3.01 Injection moulding machines, general purpose通用注塑机 3.02 Injection moulding machines, multi-component多组分注塑机 3.03 Injection moulding machines, multi-station多任务位注塑机 3.04 Injection moulding machines, for thermosets热固性塑料注塑机 3.05 Injection moulding machines, for rubber橡胶注塑机 Blow moulding machines吹塑机 4.01 Extrusion blow moulding machines挤坯吹塑机 4.02 Extrusion stretch blow moulding machines挤拉坯吹塑机 4.03 Injection blow moulding machines注坯吹塑机