2011年职称考试阅读理解、完形填空复习重点

2011年职称英语考试理工C答案解析(试卷代码：31)一、词汇选项1、Eventually---FinallyThe herb medicine eventually cured her disease. (词汇学习1-7)中药最终治好了她的疾病。

AnicelyBapparentlyCfinallyDnaturally近义词词义eventually finally in the end ultimately adv. 最终2、vary---change3、thorough---careful4、proposed---suggestedI propose that we discuss this at the next meeting. (2010年理工C词汇选项题第三题) 我提议我们在下次会议上讨论此事。

AdemandBsuggestCorderDrequestThe chairman proposed that we should stop the meeting. (词汇学习8-12)主席提议我们停止会议。

AstatedBdeclaredCsuggestedDannounced近义词词义propose suggest advise move recommend v. 建议5、disappointing---unsatisfactory6、explored---investigated7、a lot---greatly8、relied on---depended onShe has proved that she can be relied on in a crisis. (词汇学习8-14)她证明了自己在危急关头是值得信赖的。

Alived onBdepended onClived offDbelieved in近义词词义depend on rely on v. 依靠9、converted---turnedIn the process, the light energy converts to heat energy. (2010年理工C词汇选项题第十三题)在这个过程中光能转化为热能。

下面是2011年阅读理解和完形填空新增文章的目录，供大家在复习时进行对照。

综合类阅读理解部分新增3篇(与2010职称英语教材对比)B级*第三十八篇Excessive Demands on Young People对年轻人的过高期望综合类完型填空部分新增3篇(与2010职称英语教材对比)B级*第十二篇Sport or Spectacle竞技还是表演?综合类教材中完型填空题型错误提醒：1、第十三篇英文暂无译文。

2、第十三篇中文译文实为第十五篇英文的译文。

3、第十五篇中文译文，大家可忽略不计，因英文已在教材删除。

复习重点仍应该放在词汇选项、阅读理解、完型填空三大题型上。

（一）阅读理解题型复习策略：关注新增文章：大家要利用这段时间把2011年新增的文章（新增文章列表见下文），尤其是本类别新增的文章要仔细认真的进行背诵和复习，在背诵文章时，应注意以下三点：（1）背诵每个题目的答案，不能只记ABCD（2）关注文章的中文内容，为换题做准备；（3）要全面重点背诵三个类别中新增的15篇文章，防止串考现象。

（二）完型填空题型复习策略：大家在复习完形填空题型时，应注意以下几点：（1）完型填空题型为题库出题，不需要做课外题目，综合类、理工类、卫生类串考情况比较少，各级别复习重点，综合类学生要扩大复习范围。

（2）复习要有层次感：把握住复习重点（3）复习程度把握：每篇文章的中文意思一定要全部了解，不能只记标题。

文章空白处反复练习，语法现象熟记。

（三）词汇选项题型的复习策略大家可以利用2月份这段时间集中进行同义词的积累和记忆，同时每天利用一定的时间练习进行查字典，对于基础较差的考生，建议抽时间坚持每天可以练习10—20对左右，这样有利于大家全面攻克词汇选项题型。

（四）其他题型的复习策略：阅读判断、概括大意与完成句子和补全短文三个题型，由于题目难度较大，且根据往年出题规律，一般不出教材内的内容，分值所占比重较小。

建议考生在复习过程中主要以掌握解题技巧为主，通过一些习题进行技巧的灵活应用。

/exam/exam.asp?client=13137$110327810 081$1$|Paper|13137|（在线估分，注册一下就可以用啦！）综合A试卷代码13第一部分考题：词汇选项题1. C (push) -- urge2. D (energetic) -- vigorous3. B (stand) --- tolerate4. B (criticize) – find fault with5. A(greatly) – considerably6. B（unclear）-- obscure7. D (maintain) – assert8. B (afraid) – scared9. D (continuous) – steady10. A (handle) – approach11. A (shake) – tremble12. A（praise）-- hail13. B (cause) – provoke14. D (understand) – grasp15. C (remarking) – saying第二部分考题：阅读判断The forbidden apple16. Some activitieshave recently become illegal in New York.答案为A。

文章相关句：These daysit is the city that never smokes, drinks or does anything naughty (at least in public).17. It’s now illegal to smoke or drink alcohol anywhere in NewYork.答案为B。

文章相关句：These daysit is the city that never smokes, drinks or does anything naughty (atleast in public).18. Eating apples in the park is illegal.答案为B。

2011年职称考试完形填空（记忆模板）屠皓民2011-2-23完形填空考试目录及复习范围综合类C级第一篇 A Health Profile（旧题库未考）第二篇Making Yourself a Good Record第三篇Pretty Good第四篇Where Have All Our Visitors Gone?第六篇Reform on the Road （2010新增）第七篇Water第八篇An Early Form of Jazz Music（旧题库未考）第九篇Freezing to Death for Beauty（2009未考）第十篇The Ideal Husband（2009未考）B级*第十一篇On the Net Friends Come and Go, Talking of（2010新增）A级+第十三篇Racial Prejudice+第十四篇Sex change surgery guidelines drafted （2010新增）理工类C 级第一篇Captain Cook Arrow Legend第二篇Avalanche and Its Safety （2009未考）第四篇Animal's "Sixth Sense"第五篇Singing Alarms Could Save the Blind第六篇Car Thieves Could Be Stopped Remotely（旧题库未考）第七篇An Intelligent Car第八篇 A Biological Clock第九篇Wonder Webs（旧题库未考）第十篇Less Is More（旧题库未考）B级*第十一篇China to Help Europe Develop GPS Rival（旧题库未考）A级+第十三篇Cell Phone Lets Your Secret Out（2009未考）+第十四篇 Sharks Perform a Service for Earth's Waters卫生类C级第一篇Better Control of TB Seen If a Faster Cure Is Found（旧题库未考）第三篇One Good Reason to Let Smallpox Live第四篇Diet, Alcohol Linked to Nearly One Third of Cancers（旧题库未考）第五篇Men Too May Suffer from Domestic Violence（2009未考）B级*第六篇Once-daily Pill Could Simplify HIV Treatment（旧题库未考）*第九篇Many Women Who Beat Cancer Don't Change Habits（2009未考）*第十篇Hospital MistreatmentA类+第十一篇Migrant Workers+第十三篇Scientists Develop Ways of Detecting Heart Attack（旧题库未考）+第十四篇Homosexuals+第十五篇Is Your Child's Stomach Pain All in His Head? （2009未考）综合类一级重点（2011年新增文章）综合类---C级Why People Use PseudonymsYou can’t choose the name you are given at birth, but in many countries you can change it legally when you reach adulthood.. Of course, most people never change their names _1__ they feel unhappy about them. However, some people do _2__ this course of action－particularly artists! What makes an artist want to change their name? Sometimes it’s for purely _3__ reasons, such as the Nobel Prize winning poet from Chile, Neftali Reyes. He didn’t want his father to _4__ he was writing poetry, so he changed his name to Pablo Neruda when he was a young man. _5__ other times the reason may appear eccentric; take the case of the Portuguese poet Fernando Pessoa, _6__ wrote under 75 different names. The reason? ―When I use a different name, I always write in a different way,‖ he explained. In most cases, _7__, the reason is for social, historical, or cultural reasons. Here are some of the most _8__: The person’s real name is just _9__ long and difficult to remember. Let’s be honest, Madonna Louise Ciccone is not as _10__ to remember as just plain ―Madonna‖. And short names are much easier to remember: William Bradley became Brad Pitt and Edson Arantes do Nascimento became Pele.Sometimes names are changed for marketing _11__. For example, if a name sounds too ―foreign‖, it may be changed to something that is more recognizable in a _12__. So in the film world, Ramon Estevez adopted the name Martin Sheen. Or maybe the artist’s real name doesn’t sound very attractive—Chad Everett does _13__ a lot better than Raymond Cramton.Artists sometimes _14__ the name of someone they admire. Robert Zimmerman changed his name to Boo Dylan because of his admiration for the Welsh poet, Dylan Thomas.Another reason may be practicality: in the past, women found it very difficult to get published. To _15__ this situation they sometimes gave themselves men’s names, so the English author Mary Ann Evans became George Eliot, and she did get her books published!1. A as if B as C even if D even2. A take B make C do D have3. A private B individual C own D personal4. A understand B know C recognize D observe5. A At B On C In D During6. A whom B which C who D that7. A but B although C though D however8. A popular B common C ordinary D average9. A so B too C very D much10. A easy B short C simple D brief11. A aims B ends C goals D purposes12. A market B film C country D business13. A look B sound C appear D seem14. A choose B give C change D get15. A admit B assure C avoid D affect为什么人们用假名我们没法选择出生时的名字，但是在很多国家人们可以在成年后改名。

2011年英语专业四级真题完形填空及答案解析PART III CLOZE [15 MIN] Decide which of the choices given below would best complete the passage if inserted in the corresponding blanks. Mark the best choice for each blank on Answer Sheet Two.“Congratulations, Mr. Cooper. It’s a girl.”Fatherhood is going to have a different meaning and (31) a different response from every man who hears these words. Some feel (32) when they receive the news, (33)others worry, wondering whether they will be good father. (34) there are some men who like children and may have had (35) experience with them, others do not particularly (36) children and spend little time with them. Many fathers and mothers have been planning and looking forward to children for some time. (37) other couples, pregnancy was an accident that both husband and wife have (38) willingly or unwillingly.Whatever the (39) to the birth of a child, it is obvious the shift from the role of husband to (40) of a father is a difficult task. (41) , unfortunately, few attempts have been made to (42) fathers in this resocialization (43) . Although numerous books have been written about mothers, (44) recently has literature focused on the (45) of a father.It is argued that the transition to the father's role, although difficult, is not (46) as great as the transition the wife must (47) to the mother's role. The mother's role seems to require a complete (48) in daily routine. (49) , the father’s role is less demanding and (50) .31. A. bring down B. bring forth C. bring off D. bring in32. A. emotional B. sentimental C. bewildered D. proud33. A. while B. when C. if D. as34. A. When B. If C. Although D. Yet35. A. considerate B. considerable C. considering D. considered36. A. care about B. care of C. care with D. care for37. A. For B. Of C. From D. Upon38. A. received B. taken C. accepted D. obtained39. A. reply B. reaction C. readiness D. reality40. A. what B. this C. one D. that41. A. As a result B. For example C. Yet D. Also42. A. educate B. cultivate C. inform D. convert43. A. step B. process C. point D. time44. A. / B. just C. quite D. only45. A. role B. work C. career D. position46. A. a little B. just C. nearly D. almost47. A. take B. make C. carry D. accept48. A. transformation B. realization C. socialization D. reception49. A. In addition B. Above all C. Generally D. However50. A. current B. immediate C. present D. quick2011年英语专四真题参考答案：完形填空部分31-35 BDACB36-40 DACBD41-45 CABDA46-50 CBADB解析：32.⏹和感情有关的形容词⏹Emotional 情绪化的She’s more emotional than ever during her pregnancy.⏹Sensational 轰动的、耸人听闻的、极好的⏹Her performance last night was ~.⏹Sensitive 敏感的、体察入微的⏹He’s always ~ to other people’s needs.⏹Sentimental 多愁善感的、伤感的⏹I’m trying not to be ~ about the past.36.⏹Care about 关心/担忧=worry about⏹Chain smokers don’t ~ the danger of smoking.⏹Care for 喜欢（口语）⏹Would you like a cup of tea?（正式、英伦范儿）⏹Do you care for some tea?（口语、美范儿）⏹值得注意的是11年专四增加了对口语习惯表达的考察，语法词汇中第52、62亦为此类38. 接受⏹Accept表主观上接受,receive表客观上收到。

第四部分阅读理解2010年试题分析C级第一篇Arctic Melt （2010新增教材文章）第二篇Sharing Silence（36）Deaf teenagers Orlando Chavez and German Resendiz have been friends since kindergarten （幼儿园）. Together the two boys，who go to Escondido High School in California, have had the difficult job of learning in schools where the majority of the students can speak and hear.Orlando lost his hearing at the age of one. German was born deaf, and his parents moved from Mexico to find a school where he could learn sign language. He met Orlando on their first day of kindergarten.“We were in a special class with about 25 other deaf kids.” German remembers. “Before then, I didn’t know I was deaf and that l was different.”“Being young and deaf in regular classes was very hard,” signs Orlando. “The other kids didn’t understand us and we didn’t understand them. But we’ve all grown up together, and today, I’m popular because I’m deaf. Kids try hard to communicate with me.”（37）Some things are very difficult for the two boys. “We can’t talk on the phone, so if we need help, （39）we can’t call an emergency service,” German signs. “And we can’t order food in a drive-thru.”（38）Despite their difficulties, the two boys have found work putting food in bags at a local supermarket. They got their jobs through a “workability” program, designed for teenagers from local schools with different types of learning disabilities.German has worked in the supermarket since August, and Orlando started in November.“The other people who work here have been very nice to us,” Orlando signs. “They even sign sometimes. At first, we were nervous, but we’ve learned a lot and we’re getting better.”（40） The opportunity to earn money has been exciting, both boys said. After high school, they hope to attend the National Technical Institute for the Deaf in New York.36.Orlando and German have been______.A.to Mexico togetherB.friends since they were very youngC.deaf since they were bornD.to different high schools[答疑编号501644040101]『正确答案』B『答案解析』文章的第一句就说到了这两位聋人自幼儿园开始就成为了朋友。

2011年职称英语等级考试用书（理工类）第四部阅读理解第一篇Ford Abandons Electric Vehicles第二篇World Crude Oil Production May Peak a Decade Earlier Than Some Predict 第三篇Citizen Scientists第四篇Motoring Technology第五篇Late-Night Drinking第六篇Weaving with Light第七篇Sugar Power for Cell Phones第八篇Eiffel Is an Eyeful第九篇Egypt Felled by Famine第十篇Young Female Chimps Outlearn Their Brothers第十一篇The Net Cost of Making a Name for Yourself第十二篇Florida Hit by Cold Air Mass第十三篇Invisibility Ring第十四篇Japanese Car Keeps Watch for Drunk Drivers第十五篇Winged Robot Learns to Fly第十六篇Japanese Drilling into Core of Earth第十七篇 A Sunshade for the Planet第十八篇Thirst for Oil第十九篇Prolonging Human Life第二十篇Explorer of the Extreme Deep第二十一篇Plant Gas第二十二篇Snowflakes第二十三篇Powering a City? It's a Breeze.第二十四篇Underground Coal Fires -- a Looming Catastrophe第二十五篇Eat to Live第二十六篇Male and Female Pilots Cause Accidents Differently第二十七篇Driven to Distraction第二十八篇Sleep Lets Brain File Memories第二十九篇Food Fright第三十篇Digital Realm*第三十一篇Hurricane Katrina*第三十二篇Mind-reading Machine*第三十三篇Experts Call for Local and Regional Control of Sites for Radioactive *第三十四篇Batteries Built by Viruses*第三十五篇Putting Plants to work*第三十六篇Listening Device Provides Landslide Early Warning*第三十七篇"Don't Drink Alone" Gets New Meaning*第三十八篇Longer Lives for Wild Elephants*第三十九篇Clone Farm*第四十篇Air Pollution Cloud Measured on Both Sides of Pacific第四部分阅读理解阅读下面的短文。

阅读理解41：The Operation of International Airlines国际航空公司的经营1．According to the passage,in oprating airlines it is essential to国际航空公司经营的要点(Cater to the need of passengers sitting at bothends of the jets满足坐在飞机后部乘客的需要)2．The following are all mentioned as reasons why the airlines are having a hard time EXCEPT航空业面临的困境不包括（the tourist industry is experiencing an all-time low旅游业的低淡迷）3．The impeovements the airlines attempt at include all the following EXCEPT航空公司做出的努力不包括（showing more movies during the long flights长途飞行播放电影）4．There is not much the airlines can do when it comes to 航空公司不能做的改进（speeding up customs procedure 厌烦的进关手续）5．Which of the following is a bad habit of the executive passengers that frustrates the airlines?商务乘客的坏习惯（They do not travel on the flight they have booked预定后不旅行）42: Sauna桑拿浴1.Ceremonial bathing仪式性沐浴(has various forms多种形式)2.What is understood by some people to be the true sauna experience真正的桑拿体验是(saunas with smoke烟熏)3.According to the third paragraph,saunas can do all of the following EXCEPT桑拿的作用不包括(curing asthma治疗哮喘)4.According to the fouth paragraph,sauna gives the skin a healthy glow because桑拿促进皮肤健康因为(pores arecleaned by sweat出汗净化毛孔)5.Who are advised not to take a sauna告诫哪些人不能洗桑拿(All of to above上述所有，老人、孕妇、心脏病人等)43: Can buildings Be Designed to Resist Terrorist Attack?建筑设计能抵挡恐怖袭击吗？1.The question raised in the first paragraph is one第一段表明的问题是(that was never thought of before theterrorist attack在恐怖袭击之前从没想过)2.The project funded by the National Science Foundation自然科学基金提供支持的项目是(was to find out why somebuildings could survive找出建筑物为什么能够幸免)3.The column mentioned by Dr.Whittaker提及的柱状物是(was part of the building close to the World Trade Center世贸中心附近的建筑物的部分)4. A surprising discovery made by the investigators during their visit to ground zero is that在参观现场时惊奇的发现(some floor framing systems demonstrate resistance to explosion一些楼板的设计系统展示了抵抗爆炸)5.What Dr.Reinhorn said in the last paragraph may imply all the following EXCEPT that在最后一段含义不包括(blast engineering emerges as a new branch of science爆破工程作为一个新的学科，没提及)44: Americans Get Touchy越来越喜欢肢体接触的美国人1.the word”practically”in the first paragraph could be best replaced by 最好的替换词是(nearly几乎)2.Which of the following is NOT among the typical ways of greetings in the past见面常见的打招呼方式不包括(embrace拥抱)3.Some parents,teachers and school administrators concern the new trend of hugging for the following reasonsEXCEPT父亲、教师、学校管理员对拥抱趋势关心原因不包括(Diseases could be transmitted more easily through the extra-long body contact通过身体接触传疾病)4.Which of the following statements is true according to the passage哪个是真的(In some countries,it’s usualfor men to kiss each other on the cheek在一些国家，男人见面吻脸是正常的)5.We can infer that the author holds a 作者在拥抱新趋势上持什么态度(positive积极) attitude toward the newtrend of hugging.45: Women Staying in Mini-skirts for Longer女性在迷你裙上逗留时间更长1.Debenhams could most possibly be“德本汉姆”最有可能是(a department store商场)2.According to the passage,British women are happy to wear mini-skirts up until an older age because of thefollowing reasons EXCEPT:英国女性喜欢穿迷你裙的年龄上升原因不包括（The Climate of Great Britain are getting warmer in recent years,thus women can wear minis for a longer time英国气候变暖）3.We can infer from the second and third paragraph that in 1970s从第二、三段得知在七十年代（Most women nolonger wore mini-skirts when they reach the age of 33.女性到33岁就不再穿迷你裙）4.Which of the following statements about the length of the mini-skirts is true?关于迷你裙长度的陈述(Fromthe age of 23,skirt length increases because girls are increases because girls are in their first stable relationship从23岁开始，由于有了稳定的恋爱关系，姑娘们裙子长度变长了)5.The word “zoom”in the first sentence of the last paragraph can be best replaced by最后一段第一句中与zoom意思相近的词(soar迅速增长)46: Defending the theory of Evolution Still Seems Needed捍卫进化论仍必要1.According to the first paragraph,which of the following statements about the theory of evolution is true?哪个关于进货论的描述是真的(School boards oppose AIBS’s effort to defend the theory of evolution)学校董事会反对美国生物科学研究院捍卫进化论2.Which one of the following is NOT the reason for an overall lack of teaching Darwin’s theory?进化论教育不足的原因不是(Darwin’s theory is denied as the central theory of biology达尔文理论否认生物学核心理论)3.AIBS is composed of美国生物科学研究院的组成(more than 80 societies and 25000 members 80多个团体和25000成员)4.According to Weis in the 5th paragraph,the theory of evolution 维斯在第五段关于进化论(is fundamental to thedevelopment of modern genetics,molecular biology and genomics是现代遗传学、分子生物学、基因学发展的基础) 5.Why do people replace the term creationism with the term intelligent design nowadays?为什么用intelligentdesign代替creationism(Because the term creationism is too direct因为它太明显宗教色彩)47: Spoilt for Choice多不胜选（2011+）1.What is the difference between the decision to shop in a certain supermarket and the decision to drop outof college according to the fist paragraph?决定在超市买还是决定大学退学的不同(The latter has more impact on life在生活中后者有更大的影响)2.When people can not easily decide what to buy,what is the least possible choice?当人们不容易决定买什么的时候，最少可能的选择是(Seek advice征求意见)3.Why do products have short lifespan nowadays?现在产品寿命为什么短(They are more often replaced with betterones不断推出新产品)4.How does migration differ from the past?迁移同过去怎么不同(People now have more choice about where to migrate人们现在有了更多的选择)5.Which is the best summary of the writer’s attitude towards choice in a commercial society?哪个是作者对在商品社会选择的看法(More choice,more anxiety选择多了，焦虑也多了)48: Finding Enlightenment in Scotland苏格兰启蒙运动1.Scotland is thought to have made important contributions to the civilization of the Western world becauseof苏格兰被认为对西方文明世界做出重要了贡献因为(the ideas proposed by some famous thinkers and intellectuals思想家和知识分子提出的思想)2.Which of the following is the ultimate aim of Hume’s humanity-oriented studies休姆的研究是怎么以人为本的(To find ways to improve human society as a whole寻求改善人类社会的方法)3.Smith’s idea of “enlightened self-interest”has great significance for 史密斯“启蒙自身利益”想法的重要意义(the prosperity of all nations促进世界繁荣)4.Which of the following statements is true of the Scottish Enlightenment关于苏格兰启蒙运动的描述是真的(Itis still alive in a broad sense仍然在科学领域存在)5.The Institute for System Level Integration is used as an example to illustrate系统整合研究院是一个例子阐明(the tradition of Scottish higher education苏格兰高等教育的传统)49: The Beginning of American Literature美国文学的开端1.What does ‘that hope’ in the first paragraph refer to什么希望 (The hope to start a new life开始新生活的希望)2.When did American literature begin美国文学什么时候开端(Long before the year 1000 1000多年前)3.What can we learn from the literature of the tribes of the native Americans我们得知美国原始部落文学是(Aboutthe everyday life of the native Americans关于美国人日常生活的写照)4.The main purpose of the last paragraph is to tell the readers that最后一段告诉读者(early-day experienceprovided the foundation for American literature早期生活经历提供美国文学的基础)5.According to the last paragraph,which of the following statements is true about American literature关于美国文学观点是真的(Some British writers had great confidence in the future of American literature一些英国作家对美国文学的前途充满信任)50: Older Volcanic Eruptions远古火山爆发1．Why did older volcanic eruptions do more damage than more recent ones为什么远古火山爆发比近代的危害大(Because they killed off life more easily因为它们能容易毁灭生命)2．How did Wignall calculate the killing power of those older volcanic eruptions维格诺怎么计算远古火山爆发的杀伤力(By comparing the proportion of life wiped out with the volume of lava produced通过比较杀伤面积和岩浆的体积)3．When did dinosaurs become extinct恐龙灭绝的时间(60 million years ago 6000万年前)4．What can be inferred from paragraph 3 concerning dinosaurs第三段能推断出恐龙怎样(The cause of their extinction has remained a controversial issue他们灭绝的原因是有争议的)5．What is the main thesis of the article本文的主要论点(Older volcanic eruptions were more destructive远古火山爆发更有破坏性)完形填空14：Sex change surgery guidelines drafted 变性手术准则的起草China is set to 1)issue 发行its first clinical guideline on sex-change surgery, according to a notice put on the website of the Ministry of Health yesterday.The ministry is now soliciting public and professional opinions on the draft guideline. The coming guideline aims to regulate and standardize sex reassignment surgery, part of a treatment for gender identity disorder in transsexuals.Experts 2)estimate 估算nearly 2000 Chinese have undergone sex-change surgery while 100,000 to 400,000 are still considering it . However, no official number is available. In the draft, the MOH sets 3)minimum 最低的criteria for both surgical candidates and medical institutions.Candidates for the surgery must be older than 20 and single, the draft guideline said. They air also required to prove a persistent desire for a sex change, to live for at least five consecutive years full-time in the new gender role, and to engage 4)in 从事mental therapy for at least on year.Before surgery can take place, a candidate must receive a recommendation for the operation from a 5)psychologist心理学家after an appropriate series of therapy sessions.Also, several legal requirements 6)must必须be met before the procedure.The candidate must provide proof from police that he or she has does not have any criminal offenses in the past.Police must also agree to change the sex status on the identity card of the 7)prospective未来的receiver before the operation can take 8)place发生.The advent of such a guideline 9)is believed确信to show that the government is concerned 10)about忧虑the needs of a relatively small 11)number若干of people who want to change sex.But doctors also warn that all stakeholders, including the hospital and prospective receivers, should be highly cautious about this surgery.The operation is more than a medical procedure due12)to因为its huge social and legal consequences. Doctors should make it clear to those 13)seeking寻求sex-change surgeries that the option always remains to continue to live in the original role. The guideline requires surgeons to tell patients about other options 14)such as 像 hormone therapy. They are also required to explain the risks involved, and underlying social barriers including discrimination, and administrative recognition and approval.For the candidates, the surgery itself is not the big issue 15)in the long run从长远来看. The real issue is the kind of life he or she will have to lead afterward.15：Life Expectancy in the last Hundred Years 上世纪人类平均寿命的变化(2011+)A hundred years ago, life expectancy in developed countries was about 47;in the early 21st century, men in the United States and the United Kingdom can expect to live to about 74,women to about 80,and these 1)ages 年龄 are rising all the time. What has brought 2)about 带来these changes? When we look at the life 3)span 寿命of people 100 year ago, we need to look at the greatest 4)killers不治之症 of the time. In the early 20th century, these were the acute and often 5)highly高度地infectious diseases such as smallpox. Many children died very young from these diseases and others, and the weak and elderly were always at risk.In the 6)developed发达 world these diseases are far 7)less deadly 较少死亡today, and in some cases have almost disappeared. A number of 8)factors因素 have led to this: improvements in sanitation and hygiene, the discovery and use of antibiotics, which 9)make 使bacterial diseases much less dangerous, and vaccinations 10)against预防接种 common diseases.11)In addition此外,people’s general health has improved with improvements in our general environment: cleaner air, better means of preserving food, better and warmer housing, and better understanding of nutrition.Genetically, we should all be able to live to about 85 but 12)While尽管people do live longer today, there are still some big killers around that are preventing us from consistently reaching that age. The problems that affect people today are the more chronic illnesses, such as heart disease and strokes, and those 13)spread 传播by viruses, such as influenza and AIDI. Of course, cancer is a huge killer as well. In most cases these diseases affect 14)order 老people, but there are worrying trends in the developed world with problems such as obesity 15)leading to导致 more heart disease and illnesses such as diabetes at younger ages.The killers today can be classed as “lifestyle diseases”, which means that it may be possible to halt their progress.。

2011高考英语阅读理解、完形填空九大技巧及强化训练1.先通读，后细读阅读一篇文章，最好采用先通读、再细读的策略。

首先要快速浏览全文，这一点非常重要。

因为一篇文章是一个整体，是围绕一个中心思想组织的。

如果我们了解了文章大体讲的是什么，有了整个篇章的结构模式，就有利于我们理顺句子或段落间的关系，准确地把握文章的主旨，同时也有利于我们在解题过程中有重点地细读部分内容。

一篇文章无论长短，要做到一口气读下来。

对于生词，只要不妨碍我们理解主要内容，可暂时放下不管。

如果我们读读停停，左顾右盼，往往会把文章完整的体系读破了，有碍于对文章整体的理解。

在掌握了文章的大体内容后，我们再根据需要解答的问题逐句细读，认真分析词义及句子结构，从而更准确地把握文章的具体内容。

Passage A阅读理解An old friend from California called from the airport to tell me that he had arrived. I was not able to leave the office, but I had made plans for his arrival. After explaining (解释) where my new house was, I told him that I had left the key under the doormat (门垫). Since I knew it would be pretty late before I could get home, I suggested that he make himself at home and help himself to anything that was in the refrigerator(电冰箱).①Two hours later my friend phoned me from the house. At the moment, he said, he was listening to some of my records after having had a delicious meal. Now, he said, he was drinking a glass of orange juice. When I asked him if he had had any difficulty finding the house, he answered that the only problem was that he had not been able to find the key under the doormat, but luckily, the living room window by the apple tree had been left open and he had climbed in through the window. I listened to all this in great surprise.②There is no apple tree outside my window, but there is one by the living room window of my next door neighbor's house!根据文章内容，选择正确答案：1. An old friend of mine called ______.A. to tell me to meet him at the airportB. to tell me about his arrivalC. to ask me to leave the officeD. to ask me to make plans for his arrival2. My friend climbed into the room because ______ .A. there was an apple tree outsideB. the living room window was left openC. he had difficulty opening the doorD. he hadn't found the key3. My friend telephoned me two hours later ______ .A. from my homeB. at the airportC. in his officeD. from my neighbor's house难句注释①I suggested that he make himself at home and help himself to anything that was in the refrigerator.我建议他不要客气，随意吃冰箱里的东西。