闵行区 2020届 学年度第二学期高三年级质量调研考试
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闵行区2020 学年第二学期高二/高三年级质量调研考试地理试卷满分100 分时间60 分钟考生注意:1.本试卷共6 页,答题时间60 分钟。
2.全卷包括两大题,第一大题为选择题,第二大题为综合分析题。
3.答卷前,务必在答题纸上清楚地填写姓名、考生号。
4.答案必须全部做在答题纸上,用黑色水笔填写。
一、选择题(共40 分,每小题2 分。
每小题只有一个正确答案)1.我国“天问一号”拍摄的火星高清影像图上有大量环形坑,说明火星和地球相比A.体积更庞大B.平均温度更高C.大气更稀薄D.表面引力更大2.地球自转的周期与选择的参照点有关,太阳日比恒星日的时间A.短大约4 分钟,因为地球要少自转大约1°B.短大约4 分钟,因为地球要多自转大约1°C.长大约4 分钟,因为地球要少自转大约1°D.长大约4 分钟,因为地球要多自转大约1°3.甘肃张掖以地貌色彩艳丽、层理交错而称奇,这里的岩石类型主要是A.泥岩和砂砾岩B.石灰岩和玄武岩C.泥岩和花岗岩D.大理岩和石英岩4.下列地区,位于板块张裂边界的是①印度洋海岭②菲律宾海沟③红海裂谷带④冰岛火山群A.②③ B.①②③ C.①③ D.①③④5.以下自然带分布图中,甲坡有云杉林分布而乙坡却没有,出现这种差异主要是因为A.热量不同B.水分不同C.光照不同D.海拔不同6.受冷空气和大风影响,3 月15 日我国北方的一些地区遭遇了近十年最强的沙尘暴。
这段时间控制北半球、影响天气变化的主要是①蒙古、西伯利亚高压②夏威夷高压③印度低压④阿留申低压A.①③ B.②④ C.②③ D.①④7.非洲草原上的猴面包树树干粗大,质地疏松便于储水,有些季节枝头光秃,靠脱叶减少水分蒸腾。
猴面包树储水和脱叶期间,影响当地的气压带和风带可能分别是A.赤道低气压带和信风带B.副热带高气压带和信风带C.赤道低气压带和西风带D.中纬西风带和低纬信风带8.以冰雪融水补给为主的河流,径流量的时间变化特点是A.季节变化大,年际变化大B.季节变化大,年际变化小C.季节变化小,年际变化小D.季节变化小,年际变化大9.某区域等温线分布示意图中,导致M 处海域等温线呈现弯曲特点的是A.北半球的暖流B.北半球的寒流C.南半球的暖流D.南半球的寒流10.“冬日,阳光最珍贵!外面冷飕飕,阳光房里暖洋洋,气温比外面明显高出一大截。
闵行、松江区2020-2020学年第二学期教学质量监测高三年级英语学科试卷2020.4 考生注意:1.考试时间120分钟,试卷满分140分。
2.本次考试设试卷和答题纸两部分。
所有答题必须涂(选择题)或写(非选择题)在答题纸上,做在试卷上一律不得分。
3.答题前,务必在答题纸上填写准考证号和姓名,并将核对后的条形码贴在指定位置上,在答题纸反面清楚地填写姓名。
I. Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. He will review 2 more lessons. B. He will study the other 20 lessons.C. He will go over the 13 lessons.D. He will study all the 15 lessons.2. A. His injury kept him at home. B. He didn’t think it necessary.C. He was too weak to see the doctor.D. He failed to make an appointment.3. A. The post office. B. Monroe Street.C. The courthouse.D. Fourth Avenue.4. A. Disappointed. B. Approving. C. Concerned. D. Doubtful.5. A. He played his part quite well. B. He was not dramatic enough.C. He performed better than the secretary.D. He exaggerated his part.6. A. He wrote a book about great restaurants.B. He always makes reservations for dinner.C. He read a book while he was eating dinner.D. He always finds good places to eat.7. A. He is afraid he won’t be chosen for th e trip.B. The boss has not decided where to go.C. Such a trip is necessary for the company.D. It’s not certain whether the trip will take place.8. A. It’s too expensive to get the apartment furnished.B. The furniture he bought was very cheap.C. The apartment was provided with some old furniture.D. It’s hard to find proper furniture for his apartment.9. A. She is intended to work for the school newspaper.B. The man can spare some time reading school newspaper.C. The man has a very tight schedule.D. The man should have taken more than five classes.10. A. Whether the meeting is certainly to be held on Monday.B. What bad news will be talked about at the meeting.C. What they are going to discuss at the meeting.D. Where the meeting is to be held.Section BDirections: In Section B, you will hear two passages and a longer conversation, and you will be asked several questions on each of the passages and the conversation. The passages and conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. Appropriateness of the programs. B. The operation of national programs.C. The incomes of the corporation.D. The welfare of the staff.12. A. By donations from the public. B. By selling its programs.C. By selling broadcasting devices.D. By getting support from the royals.13. A. Its humorous styles. B. The richness of its programs.C. Famous news announcers.D. Its neutral views on news.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.14. A. Social progress and individual development.B. Human behaviors and social changes.C. General concepts about psychology and sociology.D. Relationship between cultures and human behaviors.15. A. What is the role of religion or art in a society?B. What is the main reason for revolution in a society?C. What are the causes of antisocial behavior?D. Why does one society progress more rapidly than another?16. A. Both psychology and sociology study human behavior.B. Mental problems should be dealt with by a sociologist.C. Sociology is the study of group behavior.D. Psychology pays more attention to individuals than to groups.Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.17. A. It looks into opinions that people hold about old age.B. It is about how to keep healthy in old age.C. It investigates causes of old people’s unhappiness.D. It reveals the secret of living longer.18. A. Arise people’s awareness of caring for the old.B. Encourage people to be more responsible for the old.C. Help people change their feelings about old age.D. Ease people’s fear and anxiety about mental illness of the old.19. A. They are mostly among the 60-70 age group.B. They are mostly abandoned by their families.C. People do not become more lonely because of old age.D. People among any age group are not lonely at all.20. A. They are changing suddenly and completely at a particular age.B. It’s hard to recognize a person when he is turning old.C. Old people can’t deal with events and problems properly.D. People do not change in old age a lot more than in middle age.II. Grammar and VocabularySection AAunt Jane is now well over seventy, but she is still a great cinema-goer. The cinema in our town closed down years ago and sometimes she has to travel twenty miles or more to see a good film. And once a month at least she goes up to London to see (21)______ (late) foreign films. Of course she could see most of these films on television, but the idea does not attract her. “It isn’t the same,” she says. “For one thing, the screen’s too small. Besides, I like going to the cinema!”However, one thing which has always puzzled us is that (22)______ Aunt Jane has lots of friends and enjoys company, she always goes to the cinema alone. We discovered the reason for this only recently—from Mother. “It may surprise you to learn that Aunt Jane wanted to be an actress when she was young,”she told us. “She used to wait outside film studios all day, just (23)_______ (appear) in crowd scenes. Your aunt has probably appeared in dozens of films. Sometimes she did not even know the name of the film they (24)______ (make). Therefore, she couldn’t go to see (25)______ in the film at the cinema!”“All the time, of course, she was looking for a small part in a film. Her big chance came (26)______ they started to make a film in our town. Jane managed to meet the director at a party and he offered her (27)______ role as a shopkeeper. It really was a very small part, but it was an important moment for Jane. Before the great event, she rehearsed for days. In fact, she turned the sitting-room into a shop! We all had to help, going to and out of the shop (28)______ she could remember her words perfectly. And (29)______ the actual day she was marvelous. Jane thought that this was the beginning of her film career!”“Unfortunately, in the end, they did not include the shop scene in the film. But nobody told Jane! When the film first appeared in London, she took all her friends to see it. And of course she wasn’t in it! It was a terrible blow! She stopped (30)______ (go) to film studios and gave up the idea of becoming an actress. She still loves the cinema, as you all know, but from that day she has always gone alone!”Whether you’re trying to be good at Photoshop, or step up your tennis game, or master a banjo(班卓琴) song, you’re probably __31__ following the age-old advice that practice makes perfect. However, contrary to popular belief, doing the same thing over and over again might not be the most efficient way to learn foreign concepts.Traditionally, we’re taught using the “blocking” strategy. This instructs us to go over a single idea again and again until we’ve mastered it, before __32__ to the next concept. But several n ew neurological(神经学的) __33__ show that an up and coming learning method called “interleaving” improves our ability to keep and perform new skills over any traditional means by leaps and bounds.What interleaving does is to space out learning over a longer period of time, and it __34__ the information we encounter when learning a new skill. So, for example, instead of learning one banjo chord at a time until you __35__ it, you train in several at once and in shorter bursts.One of the practical ways you can use interleaving to train your brain to pick up new skills quickly and effectively is to practice multiple __36__ skills at once.Whether you’re trying to improve your motor skills or cognitive(认知的) learning abilities, the key to __37__ how your brain processes new information is to break out of the habit of learning one part of a skill at a time. The advantage of this method is that your brain doesn’t get comfortable or store information in your short-term memory. Instead, interleaving causes your brain to __38__ focus and problem-solve every step of the way, resulting in information getting stored in your long-term memory instead.Interleaving doesn’t cut any corners, so your brain is always on __39__. Think of the difference between blocking and interleaving like a boxer who practices one __40__ over and over again versus a boxer who practices by sparring in the ring. In the ring, you have to be ready for anything. It makes you faster and sharper.III. Reading ComprehensionSection ASince 1960, considerable scientific researches have been done on chimps in their natural habitats. Astonishingly, scientists have found out that the social __41__ of Chimps are very similar to humans. Chimps will __42__ in certain ways, like gathering in war parties to protect their territory. But beyond the minimum requirements as social beings, they have little instinct to __43__ one another. Chimps in the wild seek food for themselves. Even chimp mothers regularly __44__ to share food with their children. Who are able from a young age to gather their own food?In the laboratory, chimps don’t __45__ share food either. If a chimp is put in a cage wher e he can pull in one plate of food for himself or, with no greater effort, a plate that also provides food for a neighbor to the next cage, he will pull __46__ --he just doesn’t care whether his neighbor gets fed or not. Chimps are truly selfish.Human children, __47__, are extremely cooperative. From the earliest ages, they decide to help others, to share information and to participate in achieving common goals. The psychologist Michael Tomasello has studied this __48__ in a series of experiments with very young children. He finds that if babies aged 18 months see a worried adult with hands full trying to open a door, almost all will immediately try to help.There are several reasons to believe that the urges to help, inform and share are not taught, but naturally __49__ in young children. One is that these __50__ appear at a very young age before most parents have started to train their children to behave __51__. Another is that the helping behaviors are not improved if the children are rewarded. A third reason is that social intelligence __52__ in children before their general cognitive skills, at least when compared withchimps. In tests conducted by Tomasello, the human children did no better than the chimps on the __53__ world tests but were considerably better at understanding the social world.The core of what children’s minds have and chimps’ don’t is what Tomasello calls shared intentionality. Part of this ability is that they can __54__ what others know or are thinking. But beyond that, even very young children want to be part of a shared purpose. They actively seek to be part of a “we”, a group that intends to work toward a(n) __55__ goal.41. A. structures B. policies C. behaviors D. responsibilities42. A. conflict B. cooperate C. offend D. negotiate43. A. trust B. contact C. isolate D. help44. A. decline B. manage C. attempt D. oblige45. A. curiously B. reluctantly C. naturally D. carelessly46. A. in turn B. at random C. with care D. in advance47. A. all in all B. as a result C. in no case D. on the other hand48. A. cooperativeness B. availability C. interrelationship D. attractiveness49. A. cultivated B. motivated C. possessed D. stimulated50. A. attitudes B. instincts C. experiences D. coincidences51. A. creatively B. formally C. socially D. competitively52. A. develops B. decreases C. changes D. disappears53. A. abstract B. invisible C. imaginary D. physical54. A. infer B. adapt C. absorb D. balance55. A. realistic B. shared C. specific D. ambitiousSection B(A)If a driver surfaces too quickly, he may suffer the bends.Nitrogen(氮) dissolved in his blood is suddenly liberated by thereduction of pressure. The consequence, if the bubblesaccumulate(累积) in a joint, is sharp pain and a bent body—thusthe name. If the bubbles form in his lungs or his brain, theconsequence can be death.Other air-breathing animals also suffer thisdecompression(减压) sickness if they surface too fast: whales, forexample. And so, long ago, did ichthyosaurs. That these ancient sea animals got the bends can be seen from their bones. If bubbles of nitrogen form inside the bone they can cut off its blood supply. This kills the cells in the bone, and consequently weakens it, sometimes to the point of collapse. Fossil bones that have caved in on themselves are thus a sign that the animal once had the bends.Bruce Rothschild of the University of Kansas knew all this when he began a study of ichthyosaur bones to find out how widespread the problem was in the past. What he particularly wanted to investigate was how ichthyosaurs adapted to the problem of decompression over the 150 million years. To this end, he and his colleagues traveled the world’s natural-history museums, looking at hundreds of ichthyosaurs from the Triassic period and from the later Jurassic and Cretaceous periods.When he started, he assumed that signs of the bends would be rarer in younger fossils, reflecting their gradual evolution of measures to deal with decompression. Instead, he was astonished to discover the opposite. More than 15% of Jurassic and Cretaceous ichthyosaurs had suffered the bends before they died, but not a single Triassic specimen (标本) showed evidence of that sort of injury.If ichthyosaurs did evolve an anti-decompression means, they clearly did so quickly—and, most strangely, they lost it afterwards. But that is not what Dr. Rothschild thinks happened. He suspects it was evolution in other animals that caused the change.Whales that suffer the bends often do so because they have surfaced to escape a predator (捕食性动物) such as a large shark. One of the features of Jurassic oceans was an abundance of large sharks and crocodiles, both of which were fond of ichthyosaur lunches. Triassic oceans, by contrast, were mercifully shark and crocodile-free. In the Triassic, then, ichthyosaurs were top of the food chain. In the Jurassic and Cretaceous, they were prey (猎物) as well as predator—and often had to make a speedy exit as a result.56. Which of the following is a typical symptom of the bends?A. A twisted body.B. A gradual decrease in blood supply.C. A sudden release of nitrogen in blood.D. A drop in blood pressure.57. The purpose of Rothschild’s study is to see ______.A. how often ichthyosaurs caught the bendsB. how ichthyosaurs adapted to decompressionC. why ichthyosaurs bent their bodiesD. when ichthyosaurs broke their bones58. Rothschild’s finding stated in Paragraph 4 ______.A. confirmed his assumptionB. speeded up his research processC. disagreed with his assumptionD. changed his research objectives59. Rothschild might have concluded that ichthyosaurs ______.A. failed to evolve an anti-decompression meansB. gradually developed measures against the bendsC. died out because of large sharks and crocodilesD. evolved an anti-decompression means but soon lost it(B)How ever wealthy we may be, we can never find enough hours in the day to do everything we want. Economics deals with this problem through the concept of opportunity cost, which simply refers to whether someone’s time or money could be better spent on something else.Every hour of our time has a value. For every hour we work at one job we could quite easily be doing another, or be sleeping or watching a film. Each of these options has a different opportunity cost—namely, what they cost us in missed opportunities.Say you intend to watch a football match but the tickets are expensive and it will take you a couple of hours to get to and from the stadium. Why not, you might reason, watch the game from home and use the leftover money and time to have dinner with friends? This—the alternative use of your cash and time—is the opportunity cost.For economists, every decision is made by knowledge of what one must forgo—in terms ofmoney and enjoyment—in order to take it up. By knowing precisely what you are receiving and what you are missing out on, you ought to be able to make better-informed, more reasonable decisions. Consider that most famous economic rule of all: there’s no such thing as a free lunch. Even if someone offers to take you out to lunch for free, the time you will spend in the restaurant still costs you something in terms of forgone opportunities.Some people find the idea of opportunity cost extremely discouraging: imagine spending your entire life calculating whether your time would be better spent elsewhere doing something more profitable or enjoyable. Yet, in a sense it’s human nature to do precisely that we assess the advantages and disadvantages of decisions all the time.In the business world, a popular phrase is “value for money.” People want their cash to go as far as possible. However, another is fast obtaining an advantage: “value for time.” The biggest restriction on our resources is the number of hours we can devote to something, so we look to maximize the return we get on our investment of time. By reading this passage you are giving over a bit of your time which could be spent doing other activities, such as sleeping and eating. In return, however, this passage will help you to think like an economist, closely considering the opportunity cost of each of your decisions.60. According to the passage, the concept of “opportunity cost” is applied to ______.A. making more moneyB. taking more opportunitiesC. reducing missed opportunitiesD. weighing the choice of opportunities61. The “leftover money and time” in Paragraph 3 probably refers to the time ______.A. spared for watching the match at homeB. taken to have dinner with friendsC. spent on the way to and from the matchD. saved from not going to watch the match62. What are forgone opportunities?A. Opportunities you forget in decision-making.B. Opportunities you give up for better ones.C. Opportunities you miss accidentally.D. Opportunities you make up for.(C)Of all the components of a good night’s sleep, dreams seem to be lea st within our control. In dreams, a window opens into a world where logic is suspended and dead people speak. A century ago, Freud stated his revolutionary theory that dreams were the disguised(伪装的) shadows of our unconscious desires and fears; by the late 1970s, neurologists had switched to thinking of them as just “mental noise”—the random byproducts of the neural-repair work that goes on during sleep. Now researchers suspect that dreams are part of the mind’s emotional thermostat, regulating moods while the brain is “off-line”. And one leading authority says that these intensely powerful mental events can be not only influenced but actually brought under conscious control, to help us sleep and feel better, “It’s your dream”, says Rosalind Cartwright, chai r of psychology at Chicago’s Medical Center, “If you don’t like it, change it”.The link between dreams and emotions shows up among the patients in Cartwright’s clinic. Most people seem to have more bad dreams early in the night, progressing toward happier ones before awakening, suggesting that they are working through negative feelings generated(产生) during the day. Because our conscious mind is occupied with daily life we don’t always thinkabout the emotional significance of the day’s events—until, it appears, we begin to dream.And this process need not be left to the unconscious. Cartwright believes one can exercise conscious control over repeated bad dreams. As soon as you awaken, identify what is upsetting about the dream. Visualize how you would like it to end instead; the next time it occurs, try to wake up just enough to control its course. With much practice people can learn to, literally, do it in their sleep.At the end of the day, there’s probably little reason to pay attention to our dreams at a ll unless they keep us from sleeping of “we wake up in a panic”, Cartwright says. Terrorism, economic uncertainties and general feelings of insecurity have increased people’s anxiety. Those suffering from persistent nightmares should seek help from a therapist. For the rest of us, the brain has its ways of working through bad feelings. Sleep—or rather dream—on it and you’ll feel better in the morning.63. By saying that “dreams are part of the mind’s emotional thermostat” in paragraph 1, the researchers mean that ______.A. dreams can help us keep our mood comparatively stableB. dreams can be brought under conscious controlC. dreams represent our unconscious desires and fearsD. we can think logically in the dreams too64. The negative feelings generated during the day tend to ______.A. become worse in our unconscious mindB. develop into happy dreamsC. persist till the time we fall asleepD. show up in dreams early at night65. Cartwright believed with much practice, we can learn to ______.A. control what dreams to dreamB. sleep well without any dreamsC. wake up in time to stop the bad dreamsD. identify what is upsetting about the dreams66. Cartwright might advise those who sometimes have bad dreams to ______.A. lead their life as usualB. seek professional helpC. exercise conscious controlD. avoid anxiety in the daytimeRhythm of LifeChoosing the right time to sleep, the correct moment to make decisions, the best hour to eat--and even go into hospital—could be your key to perfect health.Centuries after man discovered the rhythms of the planets and the cycles of crops, scientists have learned that we too live by precise rhythms that govern everything from our basic bodilyfunctions to mental skills. Man is a prisoner of time.But it’s not just the experts who are switching on to the way our bodies work. __67__ Prince Charles consults a chart which tells him when he will be at his peak on a physical, emotional and intellectual level. Boxer Frank Bruno is another who charts his bio-rhythms to plan for big fights.__68__ Sleep, blood pressure, hormone levels and heartbeat all follow their own clocks, which may bear only slight relation to our man-made 24-hour cycle.Research shows that in laboratory experiments when social signals and most importantly, light indicators such as dawn are taken away, people lose touch with the 24-hour clock and sleeping patterns change. Temperature and heartbeat cycles lengthen and settle into “days” lasting about 25 hours.In the real world, light and dark keep adjusting internal clock to the 24-hour day. But the best indicator of performance is body temperature. As it falls from a 10 p.m. high of 37.2℃to a pre-dawn low of 36.1℃, mental functions fall too. __69__The most famous example is the nuclear accident at Three Mile Island in the US. The three operators in the control room worked alternating weeks of day, evening and night shifts. __70__ Investigators believe this caused the workers to overlook a warning light and fail to close an open valve.Finding the secret of what makes us tick has long fascinated scientists and work done over the last decade has yielded important clues. The aim is to help us become more efficient. For example, the time we eat may be important if we want to maximize intellectual or sporting performance. There is already evidence suggesting that the time when medicine is given to patients affects how well it works.IV. Summary WritingQuiet Virtue: The ConscientiousThe everyday signs of conscientiousness(认真尽责)—being punctual, careful in doing work, self-disciplined, and scrupulous (一丝不苟的) in attending to responsibilities—are typical characteristics of the model organizational citizen, the people who keep things running as they should. They follow the rules, help out, and are concerned about the people they work with. It’s the conscientious worker who helps newcomers or updates people who return after an absence, who gets to work on time and never abuses sick leaves, who always gets things done on deadline.Conscientiousness is a key to success in any field. In studies of job performance, outstanding effectiveness for almost all jobs, from semi-skilled labor to sales and management, depends on conscientiousness. Among sales representatives for a large American car manufacturer, those who were most conscientious had the largest volume of sales.Conscientiousness also offers a buffer (缓冲) against the threat of job loss in today’s constantly changing market, because employees with this quality are among the most valued. For the sales representatives, their level of conscientiousness mattered almost as much as their sales in determining who stayed on.But conscientiousness in the absence of social skills can lead to problems. Since conscientious people demand so much of themselves, they can hold other people to their own standards, and so be overly judgmental when others don’t show the same high levels of model behavior. Factory workers who were extremely conscientious, for example, tended to criticize co-workers even about failures that seemed unimportant to those they criticized, which damagedtheir relationships.When conscientiousness takes the form of living up to expectations, it can discourage creativity. Success in creative professions like art or advertising calls for a balance between wild ideas and conscientiousness. Without enough conscientiousness to follow through, people become mere dreamers, with nothing to show for their imaginativeness.V. Translation72. 请把这封信寄给负责售后服务的人。
上海市闵行区2020届高三二模数学试卷一. 填空题(本大题共12题,1-6每题4分,7-12每题5分,共54分)1. 设集合{1,3,5,7}A =,{|47}B x x =≤≤,则A B =I2. 已知复数z 满足i 1i z ⋅=+(i 为虚数单位),则Im z =3. 若直线10ax by ++=的方向向量为(1,1),则此直线的倾斜角为4. 记n S 为等差数列{}n a 的前n 项和,若3122S S S =+,12a =,则5a =5. 已知圆锥的母线长为10,母线与轴的夹角为30°,则该圆锥的侧面积为6. 在831()x x-的二项展开式中,常数项的值为7. 若x 、y 满足||1x y ≤+,且1y ≤,则3x y +的最大值为8. 从1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9中任取3个不同的数,并从小到大排成一个数列,此数列为等比数列的概率为 (结果用最简分数表示)9. 已知直线1:l y x =,斜率为q (01q <<)的直线2l 与 x 轴交于点A ,与y 轴交于点0(0,)B a ,过0B 作x 轴的平行线,交1l 于点1A ,过1A 作y 轴的平行线,交2l 于点1B ,再过1B 作x 轴的平行线交1l 于点2A ,⋅⋅⋅,这样依次得线段01B A 、11A B 、12B A 、22A B 、⋅⋅⋅、1n n B A -、n n A B ,记n x 为点n B 的横坐标,则lim n n x →∞= 10. 已知(2)f x +是定义在R 上的偶函数,当12,[2,)x x ∈+∞,且12x x ≠,总有 12120()()x x f x f x -<-,则不等式1(31)(12)x f f +-+<的解集为 11. 已知A 、B 、C 是边长为1的正方形边上的任意三点,则AB AC ⋅uu u r uuu r 的取值范围为12. 已知函数()|sin ||cos |4sin cos f x x x x x k =+--,若函数()y f x =在区间(0,)π内恰好有奇数个零点,则实数k 的所有取值之和为二. 选择题(本大题共4题,每题5分,共20分)13. 在空间中,“两条直线不平行”是“这两条直线异面”的( )A. 充分非必要条件B. 必要非充分条件C. 充要条件D. 既非充分又非必要条件14. 某县共有300个村,现采用系统抽样方法,抽取15个村作为样本,调查农民的生活和生产状况,将300个村编上1到300的号码,求得间隔数3002015k ==,即每20个村抽取一个村,在1到20中随机抽取一个数,如果抽到的是7,则从41到60这20个数中应取的号码数是( )A. 45B. 46C. 47D. 4815. 已知抛物线的方程为24y x =,过其焦点F 的直线交此抛物线于M 、N 两点,交y 轴于点E ,若1EM MF λ=uuu r uuu r ,2EN NF λ=uuu r uuu r ,则12λλ+=( )A. 2-B. 12- C. 1 D. 1- 16. 关于x 的实系数方程2450x x -+=和220x mx m ++=有四个不同的根,若这四个根在复平面上对应的点共圆,则m 的取值范围是( )A. {5}B. {1}-C. (0,1)D. (0,1){1}-U三. 解答题(本大题共5题,共14+14+14+16+18=76分)17. 在直三棱柱111ABC A B C -中,AB BC ⊥,2AB BC ==,123AA =,M 是侧棱1C C 上一点,设MC h =.(1)若3h =,求多面体111ABM A B C -的体积;(2)若异面直线BM 与11A C 所成的角为60°,求h 的值.18. 已知函数2()3cos 3sin cos f x x x x ωωω=+(0ω>).(1)当()f x 的最小正周期为2π时,求ω的值;(2)当1ω=时,设△ABC 的内角A 、B 、C 对应的边分别为a 、b 、c ,已知()32A f =,且27a =,6b =,求△ABC 的面积.19. 如图,A 、B 两地相距100公里,两地政府为提升城市的抗疫能力,决定在A 、B 之间选址P 点建造储备仓库,共享民生物资,当点P 在线段AB 的中点C 时,建造费用为2000万元,若点P 在线段AC 上(不含点A ),则建造费用与P 、A 之间的距离成反比,若点P 在线段CB 上(不含点B ),则建造费用与P 、B 之间的距离成反比,现假设P 、A 之间的距离为x 千米(0100x <<),A 地所需该物资每年的运输费用为2.5x 万元,B 地所需该物资每年的运输费用为0.5(100)x -万元,()f x 表示建造仓库费用,()g x 表示两地物资每年的运输总费用(单位:万元).(1)求函数()f x 的解析式;(2)若规划仓库使用的年限为n (*N n ∈),()()()H x f x ng x =+,求()H x 的最小值,并解释其实际意义.20. 在平面直角坐标系中,A 、B 分别为椭圆22:12x y Γ+=的上、下顶点,若动直线l 过 点(0,)P b (1b >),且与椭圆Γ相交于C 、D 两个不同点(直线l 与y 轴不重合,且C 、D 两点在y 轴右侧,C 在D 的上方),直线AD 与BC 相交于点Q .(1)设Γ的两焦点为1F 、2F ,求12F AF ∠的值;(2)若3b =,且32PD PC =uu u r uu u r ,求点Q 的横坐标; (3)是否存在这样的点P ,使得点Q 的纵坐标恒为13? 若存在,求出点P 的坐标,若不存在,请说明理由.21. 已知数列{}n x ,若对任意*N n ∈,都有212n n n x x x +++>成立, 则称数列{}n x 为“差增数列”. (1)试判断数列2n a n =(*N n ∈)是否为“差增数列”,并说明理由;(2)若数列{}n a 为“差增数列”,且*N n a ∈,121a a ==,对于给定的正整数m , 当k a m =,项数k 的最大值为20时,求m 的所有可能取值的集合;(3)若数列{lg }n x 为“差增数列”,(*N n ∈,2020n ≤),且122020lg lg lg 0x x x ++⋅⋅⋅+=,证明:101010111x x <.参考答案一. 填空题1. {5,7}2. 1-3. 4π 4. 6 5. 50π 6. 28 7. 5 8.128 9. 1a q -10. (1,)+∞ 11. 1[,2]4- 12. 1(122之和)二. 选择题13. B 14. C 15. D 16. D三. 解答题17.(1)3;(2)218.(1)3())32f x x πω=++,12ω=;(2)3A π=,2c =或4,面积为19.(1)当050x <≤,100000()f x x =;当50100x <<,100000()100f x x =-;(2)50n +20.(1)2π;(2):1AD y x =-+,:21BC y x =-,23Q x =;(3)(0,3)P 21.(1)是;(2){|,172190}m m m ∈≤≤*N ;(3)略.。
闵行区2020学年第二学期高二/高三年级质量调研考试地理参考答案满分100分时间60分钟2020一、选择题(共40分,每小题2分)二、综合分析题(共60分,回答合理可酌情给分。
)(一)(20分)21.体现了非地带性分异(2分)热带荒漠带(2分),写热带沙漠带、热带荒漠只给1分22.白尼罗河来自赤道附近的热带雨林气候区,全年降水均匀,雨水补给和湖泊(维多利亚湖)补给,因此流量稳定;(2分)青尼罗河流经热带稀树草原气候区,有明显的干湿季节,干季降水少流量小,湿季降水多流量大;(2分)喀土穆下游河段流经热带沙漠气候区,降水稀少,缺少支流汇入,沿途蒸发、下渗和沿岸灌溉、水坝蓄水等,到入海口流量逐渐变小。
(下游的原因可以包括自然、人为方面,2分)23.地理环境各要素相互作用、相互影响构成一个整体,一个要素的变化会引起其他要素发生变化,导致地理环境整体发生改变。
“复兴大坝”建成后,埃及境内的尼罗河段①水量将明显减少,河水净化能力减弱,导致水质变差;②从上游携带搬运的沉积泥沙减少,埃及尼罗河沿岸可耕地的土壤肥力持续下降;③上游来水减少,导致地下水位下降,土壤表层环境变得更加干旱,影响沿岸的植物的生长;④尼罗河三角洲(或入海口处)入海径流量减少,导致海水入侵倒灌,地下水盐分上升;⑤由于下游径流量减少,入海水量少,影响淡水鱼类生存,河口地区营养物质减少,鱼类减少,生物多样性减少。
(从河流径流量减少对河水水质、地下水、土壤、鱼类、植物、海岸环境等角度,任意回答2个方面要素的变化,需表述准确符合逻辑。
另外一定要有地理环境整体性原理的运用陈述,可以单独表述、或分散在具体要素变化的表述中。
原理2分,表述每点2分,共6分)24.共同的举措:①建立尼罗河流域开发的国际合作组织,对尼罗河的径流量进行统一管理、规划,对沿岸取水进行合理分配,共同开发,建立对话、互信、协商解决争端的机制;②积极开展全球范围的国际合作,为流域的开发利用寻求更多的资金和技术支持;各自的举措:③埃及可以向埃塞俄比亚出口或提供资金、技术、设备、管理、劳动力、人才培训等方面的帮助,帮助埃塞俄比亚发展经济、保护生态环境;从埃塞俄比亚进口电能。
上海市闵行区2020年第二学期高三年级质量调研考试数学试卷(文理科)考生注意:1.答卷前,考生务必在答题纸上将学校、班级、考号、姓名等填写清楚. 2.本试卷共有21道题,满分150分,考试时间120分钟.一. 填空题(本大题满分60分)本大题共有12题,考生应在答题纸上相应编号的空格内 直接填写结果,每个空格填对得5分,否则一律得零分. 1.方程2log (34)1x -=的解=x .2.(理)若直线l 经过点(1,2)P ,且法向量为(3,4)n =-r,则直线l 的方程是 (结果用直线的一般式表示).(文)计算221lim 3(1)n n n n →∞+=- .3.(理)若函数31(1),()4(1).2x x f x x x x ⎧+≥⎪=⎨-<⎪-⎩则1(2)f -= .(文)若4()2x f x x -=-,则1(2)f -= .4.(理)若()sin 3cos f x a x x =+是偶函数,则实数a = .(文)若直线l 经过点(1,2)P ,且法向量为(3,4)n =-r,则直线l 的方程是 (结果用直线的一般式表示).5.(理)在极坐标系中,两点的极坐标分别为(2,)3A π、(1,)3B π-,O 为极点,则OAB ∆面积为 .(文)若5,(0,0)2 6.x y x y x y +≤⎧≥≥⎨+≤⎩,则函数68k x y =+的最大值为 .6.(理)无穷数列1sin 22n n π⎧⎫⎨⎬⎩⎭的各项和为 .(文)若()sin 3cos f x a x x =+是偶函数,则实数a = .7.根据右面的框图,该程序运行后输出的结果为 .8.(理)已知地球半径为6378公里,位于赤道上两点A 、B 分别在东经23o和143o上,则A 、B 两点的球面距离为 公里(π取3.14,结果精确到1公里).(文)已知一个圆柱的侧面展开图是边长为4的正方形,则该圆柱的体积为 . 9.(理)一个袋子里装有外形和质地一样的5个白球、3个绿球和2个红球,将它们充分混合后,摸得一个白球计1分,摸得一个绿球计2分,摸得一个红球计4分,记随机摸出一个球的得分为ξ,则随机变量ξ的数学期望E ξ= .(文)在航天员进行的一项太空试验中,先后要实施6道程序,则满足程序A 只能出现在最后一步,且程序B 和程序C 必须相邻实施的概率为 .10.(理)若关于x 的方程2310x a -+=在(],1-∞上有解,则实数a 的取值范围是 .(文)若关于x 的方程2310x a -+=在[1,)-+∞上有解,则实数a 的取值范围是 . 11.(理)对于任意0,2x π⎛⎤∈ ⎥⎝⎦,不等式242sin cos 2sin p x x x +≥恒成立,则实数p 的范围为 . (文)对于任意0,2x π⎛⎤∈ ⎥⎝⎦,不等式24sin cos 0p x x +≥恒成立,则实数p 的最小值为 .12.(理)通过研究函数42()21021f x x x x =-+-在实数范围内的零点个数,进一步研究可得2()21021(3,)ng x x x x n n =+--≥∈N 在实数范围内的零点个数为 . (文)通过研究方程4221021x x x =-++在实数范围内的解的个数,进一步研究可得函数212()21021(3,)n g x x x x n n -=+--≥∈N 在实数范围内的零点个数为 .二. 选择题(本大题满分16分)本大题共有4题,每题只有一个正确答案,选对得4分,答案代号必须填在答题纸上.注意试题题号与答题纸上相应编号一一对应,不能错位. 13.(理)“21<-x ”是“103x <-”的 [答]( ) (A) 充分非必要条件. (B) 必要非充分条件. (C) 充要条件. (D) 既非充分也非必要条件.(文)“21<-x ”是“3<x ”的 [答]( )(A) 充分非必要条件. (B) 必要非充分条件. (C) 充要条件. (D) 既非充分也非必要条件.14.(理)若z ∈C ,且221z i +-=,则22z i --的取值范围是 [答]( )(A) []2,3. (B) []3,5. (C) []4,5. (D) []4,6.(文)若z ∈C ,且1z =,则2z i -的最大值是 [答]( )(A) 2. (B) 3. (C) 4. (D) 5. 15.函数xx x f 52)(+=图像上的动点P 到直线x y 2=的距离为1d ,点P 到y 轴的距离为2d ,则=21d d [答]( )(A) 5. (B)55. (C)5. (D) 不确定的正数. 16.(理)已知椭圆cos sin x a y b θθ=⎧⎨=⎩(θ为参数)上的点P 到它的两个焦点1F 、2F的距离之比12:PF PF =12(0)2PF F παα∠=<<,则α的最大值为[答]( )(A)6π. (B) 4π. (C) 3π.(D) arccos 3.(文)椭圆22221x y a b+=上的点P 到它的两个焦点1F 、2F的距离之比12:PF PF =且12(0)2PF F παα∠=<<,则α的最大值为 [答]( )(A)6π. (B) 4π. (C) 3π.(D) .三. 解答题(本大题满分74分)本大题共有5题,解答下列各题必须在答题纸上与题号对应的区域内写出必要的步骤. 17.(本题满分12分)(理)已知22cos 10()210311xf x m x-=的最大值为2,求实数m 的值.D 1 . A 1C 1EABCD B 1(文)已知sin 10()cos 10101xf x m x=-的最大值为2,求实数m 的值.18.(本题满分14分)本题共有2个小题,第1小题满分6分,第2小题满分8分. (理)在长方体1111ABCD A B C D -中,2AB =,1AD =,11AA =,点E 在棱AB 上移动.(1)探求AE 等于何值时,直线1D E 与平面11AA D D 成45o角; (2)点E 移动为棱AB 中点时,求点E 到平面11A DC 的距离.(文)如图几何体是由一个棱长为2的正方体1111ABCD A B C D -与一个侧棱长为2的正四棱锥1111P A B C D -组合而成. (1)求该几何体的主视图的面积;(2)若点E 是棱BC 的中点,求异面直线AE 与1PA 所成角的大小(结果用反三角函数表示).A 1B 1C 1D 1E C BAPD.19.(本题满分14分)本题共有2个小题,第1小题满分6分,第2小题满分8分.课本中介绍了诺贝尔奖,其发放方式为:每年一次,把奖金总金额平均分成6份,奖励在6项(物理、化学、文学、经济学、生理学和医学、和平)为人类作出了最有益贡献的人.每年发放奖金的总金额是基金在该年度所获利息的一半,另一半利息用于增加基金总额,以便保证奖金数逐年递增.资料显示:1998年诺贝尔奖发奖后基金总额已达19516万美元,假设基金平均年利率为 6.24%r =.(1)请计算:1999年诺贝尔奖发奖后基金总额为多少万美元?当年每项奖金发放多少万美元(结果精确到1万美元)?(2)设()f x 表示为第x (*x ∈N )年诺贝尔奖发奖后的基金总额(1998年记为(1)f ),试求函数()f x 的表达式.并据此判断新民网一则新闻 “2008年度诺贝尔奖各项奖金高达168万美元”是否与计算结果相符,并说明理由.20.(本题满分17分)本题共有3个小题,第1小题满分4分,第2小题满分6分、第3小题满分7分.(理)斜率为1的直线过抛物线22(0)y px p =>的焦点,且与抛物线交于两点A 、B . (1)若2p =,求AB 的值;(2)将直线AB 按向量(,0)a p =-r平移得直线m ,N 是m 上的动点,求NA NB ⋅u u u r u u u r 的最小值.(3)设(,0)C p ,D 为抛物线22(0)y px p =>上一动点,是否存在直线l ,使得l 被以CD 为直径的圆截得的弦长恒为定值?若存在,求出l 的方程;若不存在,说明理由. (文)斜率为1的直线过抛物线24y x =的焦点,且与抛物线交于两点A 、B . (1)求AB 的值;(2)将直线AB 按向量(2,0)a =-r平移得直线m ,N 是m 上的动点,求NA NB ⋅u u u r u u u r 的最小值.(3)设(2,0)C ,D 为抛物线24y x =上一动点,证明:存在一条定直线l :x a =,使得l被以CD 为直径的圆截得的弦长为定值,并求出直线l 的方程.21.(本题满分17分)(理)本题共有3个小题,第1小题满分4分,第2小题满分5分,第3小题满分8分.第3小题根据不同思维层次表现予以不同评分.对于数列{}n a(1)当{}n a 满足1n n a a d +-=(常数)且1n na q a +=(常数), 证明:{}n a 为非零常数列.(2)当{}n a 满足221n naa d +'-=(常数)且212n na q a +'=(常数), 判断{}n a 是否为非零常数列,并说明理由.(3)对(1)、(2)等式中的指数进行推广,写出推广后的一个正确结论,并说明理由. (文)本题共有3个小题,第1、2小题满分各5分,第3小题满分7分.第3小题根据不同思维层次表现予以不同评分.对于数列{}n a(1)当{}n a 满足1n n a a d +-=(常数)且1n na q a +=(常数), 证明:{}n a 为非零常数列.(2)当{}n a 满足221n naa d +'-=(常数)且212n na q a +'=(常数), 判断{}n a 是否为非零常数列,并说明理由.(3)对(1)、(2)等式中的指数进行推广,写出推广后的一个正确结论(不用说明理由).闵行区2020学年第二学期高三年级质量调研考试数学试卷参考答案和评分标准一、填空题:(每题5分)1. 2;2. 理:3450x y -+=、文:23; 3. 理:0、文:0;4.理:0、文:3450x y -+=;5.40;6.理:25、文:0; 7. 16; 8.理:13351、文:16π; 9.理:1.9、文:115; 10.理:1,13⎛⎤⎥⎝⎦、文:1,3⎡⎫+∞⎪⎢⎣⎭; 11.理:[)2,+∞、文:0; 12.理:当n 为大于3的偶数时,2个零点;当n 为大于或等于3的奇数时,3个零点、文:3个零点. 二、选择题:(每题4分)13. A ; 14. B ; 15. C ; 16. C 三、解答题: 17.(本题满分12分) (理) 解:按行列式展开可得:2()2cos 2f x x x m =+ (3分)2cos 21x x m =+++ (6分)2sin(2)16x m π=+++,(9分)从而可得:212m ++=1m ⇒=-.(12分)(文) 解:按行列式展开可得()sin cos f x x m x =- (3分))x φ=+ (6分)由题意得:2= (9分) m =(12分)18.(本题满分14分)(理)解:(1)法一:长方体1111ABCD A B C D -中,因为点E 在棱AB 上移动,所以EA ⊥平面11AA D D ,从而1ED A ∠为直线1D E 与平面11AA D D 所成的平面角,(3分)1Rt ED A ∆中,145ED A ∠=o 1AE AD ⇒== (6分)法二:以D 为坐标原点,射线DA 、DC 、DD 1依次为x 、y 、z 轴,建立空间直角坐标系,则点1(0,0,1)D ,平面11AA D D 的法向量为(0,2,0)DC =u u u r ,设(1,,0)E y ,得1(1,,1)D E y =-u u u u r,(3分)由11sin 4D E DC D E DCπ⋅=u u u u r u u u r u u u u r u u u r,得y =AE = (6分)(2)以D 为坐标原点,射线DA 、DC 、DD 1依次为x 、y 、z 轴,建立空间直角坐标系,则点(1,1,0)E ,1(1,0,1)A , 1(0,2,1)C ,从而1(1,0,1)DA =u u u u r ,1(0,2,1)DC =u u u u r,(1,1,0)DE =u u u r (3分) 设平面11DA C 的法向量为(,,)n x y z =r ,由1100n DA n DC ⎧⋅=⎪⎨⋅=⎪⎩r u u u u rr u u u u r020x z y z +=⎧⇒⎨+=⎩ 令1(1,,1)2n =--r , (5分)所以点E 到平面11A DC 的距离为n DEd n⋅=r u u u r r1=. (8分) (文)解:(1)画出其主视图(如下图), 可知其面积S 为三角形与正方形面积之和. 在正四棱锥1111P A B C D -中,棱锥的高h =(2分)12442S =⋅=. (6分)(2)取11B C 中点1E ,联结11A E ,11A E AE Q P 则11PA E ∠为异面直线AE 与1PA 所成角. (2分) 在11PA E ∆中,1112A E PA ==,又在正四棱锥1111P A B C D -中,斜高为1PE , (4分) 由余弦定理可得11cos PA E ∠== (6分)所以11PA E ∠=,异面直线AE 与1PA所成的角为 (8分) 19.(本题满分14分)解:(1)由题意知:1999年诺贝尔奖发奖后基金总额为119516(1 6.24%)19516 6.24%2⨯+-⨯⨯20124.899220125=≈万美元; (3分)每项奖金发放额为11(19516 6.24%)101.483210162⨯⨯⨯=≈万美元; (6分)(2)由题意知:(1)19516f =,1(2)(1)(1 6.24%)(1)6.24%2f f f =⋅+-⋅⋅(1)(1 3.12%)f =⋅+,1(3)(2)(1 6.24%)(2)6.24%2f f f =⋅+-⋅⋅(2)(1 3.12%)f =⋅+2(1)(1 3.12%)f =⋅+所以, 1()19516(1 3.12%)x f x -=⋅+(*x ∈N ). (5分)2007年诺贝尔奖发奖后基金总额为9(10)19516(1 3.12%)f =⋅+ 2008年度诺贝尔奖各项奖金额为11(10) 6.24%13462f ⨯⨯⨯≈万美元,与168万美元相比少了34万美元,计算结果与新闻不符. (8分)1千万瑞典克朗怎么换成美元成了,137,154,168万美元?20.(本题满分17分)(理)解:(1)设1122(,),(,)A x y B x y ,2p =时,直线AB :1,y x =-代入24y x =中可得:2610x x -+= (2分) 则126x x +=,由定义可得:128AB x x p =++=. (4分) (2)直线AB :2p y x =-,代入22(0)y px p =>中,可得:221304x px p -+= 则123x x p +=,2124p x x =,设00(,)2pN x x +,则10102020(,),(,)22p p NA x x y x NB x x y x =---=---u u u r u u u r即22120120120120()()()()22p p NA NB x x x x x x y y x y y x ⋅=-+++-++++u u u r u u u r (2分)由22121212123,,,24p x x p x x y y p y y p +===-+= (4分) 则222200037242()22NA NB x px p x p p ⋅=--=--u u u r u u u r当0x p =时,NA NB ⋅u u u r u u u r 的最小值为272p -. (6分)(3)假设满足条件的直线l 存在,其方程为x a =,设CD 的中点为O ',l 与以CD 为直径的圆相交于点P 、Q ,设PQ 的中点为H , 则O H PQ '⊥,O '点的坐标为1122x p y +⎛⎫⎪⎝⎭,.12O P CD '===∵ 111222x p O H a a x p +'=-=--, (2分) 222PH O P O H ''=-∴2221111()(2)44x p a x p =+---1()2p a x a p a ⎛⎫=-+- ⎪⎝⎭,22(2)PQ PH =∴14()2p a x a p a ⎡⎤⎛⎫=-+- ⎪⎢⎥⎝⎭⎣⎦. (5分)令02p a -=,得2pa =,此时PQ p =为定值, 故满足条件的直线l 存在,其方程为2px =,即抛物线的通径所在的直线. (7分)(文)(1)设1122(,),(,)A x y B x y ,直线AB :1,y x =-代入24y x =中可得:2610x x -+= (2分) 则126x x +=,由定义可得:128AB x x p =++=. (4分) (2)由(1)可设00(,1)N x x +,则10102020(,1),(,1)NA x x y x NB x x y x =---=---u u u r u u u r即22120120120120()(1)()(1)NA NB x x x x x x y y x y y x ⋅=-+++-++++u u u r u u u r (2分)由126x x +=,121x x =,12124,4y y y y =-+= (4分)则220002862(2)14NA NB x x x ⋅=--=--u u u r u u u r当02x =时,NA NB ⋅u u u r u u u r的最小值为14-. (6分)(3)设CD 的中点为O ',l 与以CD 为直径的圆相交于点P 、Q , 设PQ 的中点为H ,则O H PQ '⊥,O '点的坐标为11222x y +⎛⎫⎪⎝⎭,.12O P CD '===∵, 11212222x O H a a x +'=-=--, (2分)222PH O P O H ''=-∴221111(4)(22)44x a x =+---()2112a x a a =--+,22(2)PQ PH =∴()21412a x a a ⎡⎤=--+⎣⎦. (5分)令10a -=,得1a =,此时2PQ =为定值,故满足条件的直线l 存在,其方程为1x =,即抛物线的通径所在的直线. (7分) 21.(本题满分17分)(理)解:(1)(法一)11n n n n a a da q a ++-=⎧⎪⎨=⎪⎩(1)n n n qa a d q a d ⇒-=⇒-= 当1q =时,0n a ≠Q ,所以0d =; 当1q ≠时,1n da q ⇒=-是一常数,矛盾,所以{}n a 为非零常数列; (4分) (法二)设1(1)n a a n d =+-,则有:111(11)(1)n n a a n dq a a n d+++-==+-, 即11()a nd a q qd qdn +=-+所以11d qd a qa qd =⎧⎨=-⎩,解得01d q =⎧⎨=⎩.由此可知数列{}n a 为非零常数列; (4分)(2)记2n n a b =,由(1)证明的结论知: {}2n a 为非零常数列. (2分) 显然,{}2n a 为非零常数列时,{}n a 不一定为非零常数列,如:非常数数列()nn a p =-(p 为大于0的正常数)和常数列(n a p p =为非零常数)均满足题意要求. (5分) (3)根据不同思维层次表现予以不同评分.1o 仅推广到3次方或4次方的结论或者是特殊次方的结论 (结论1分,解答1分) 2o{}n a 满足1m m n naa d +'-=(常数)且1m n m na q a +'=(常数),则当m 为奇数时,{}n a 必为非零常数列;当m 为偶数时,{}n a 不一定为非零常数列.事实上,记mn n a b =,由(1)证明的结论知:{}n b 为非零常数列,即{}m n a 为非零常数列.所以当m 为奇数时,{}n a 为非零常数列;当m 为偶数时,{}n a 不一定为非零常数列. (结论2分,解答2分)或者:设1(1)mm na a n d =+-,即m na A Bn =+,则1(1)mm n m n a A n B q a A nB +++⎛⎫'== ⎪+⎝⎭,即1mB A Bn ⎛⎫+ ⎪+⎝⎭对一切n *∈N 均为常数,则必有0B =,即有m n a A =,当m为奇数时,n a =m为偶数时,0)n a A =>或者(0)n a A <.3o{}n a 满足1m m n naa d +'-=(常数)且1l nl na q a +'=(常数),且m l 、为整数,当m l 、均为奇数时,{}n a 必为非零常数列;否则{}n a 不一定为常数列.事实上,条件1l n l n a q a +'=(正常数)可以转化为1()m mn l m na q a +'=(常数),整个问题转化为2o ,结论显然成立. (结论3分,解答3分)或者:设1(1)m m n a a n d =+-,即mn a A Bn =+,当m为奇数时,有n a =则1(1)l l m n l na A n B q a A nB +++⎛⎫'== ⎪+⎝⎭,即1l mB A Bn ⎛⎫+ ⎪+⎝⎭对一切n *∈N 均为常数,则必有0B =,即有m n a A =,则n a =m 为偶数时,如反例:(1)n n a =-n *∈N ,它既满足m 次方后是等差数列,又是l (不管l 为奇数还是偶数)次方后成等比数列,但它不为常数列.4o{}n a 满足1m m n naa d +'-=(常数)且1l nl na q a +'=(常数),m l 、为有理数,'0q >, 则{}n a 必为非零常数列;否则{}n a 不一定为常数列.证明过程同3o(结论4分,解答3分)5o{}n a 满足1m m n naa d +'-=(常数)且1l n l na q a +'=(常数),且m l 、为实数,'0q >,{}na 是不等于1的正数数列,则{}na 必为非零且不等于1的常数列;否则{}na 不一定为常数列.事实上,当'0q >,m l 、为实数时,条件1l n l n a q a +'=同样可以转化为1()m mn l m na q a +'=,记m n n a b =,由第(1)题的结论知:{}n b 必为不等于1的正常数数列,也即{}m n a 为不等于1的正常数数列,n a =,从而{}n a 也是不等于1的正常数数列.(结论5分,解答3分)(文)解:(1)(法一)11n n n n a a da q a ++-=⎧⎪⎨=⎪⎩(1)n n n qa a d q a d ⇒-=⇒-= (2分) 当1q =时,0n a ≠Q ,所以0d =; 当1q ≠时,1n da q ⇒=-是一常数,矛盾,所以{}n a 为非零常数列; (5分) (法二)设1(1)n a a n d =+-,则有:111(11)(1)n n a a n dq a a n d+++-==+-, 即11()a nd a q qd qdn +=-+ (2分) 所以11d qda qa qd=⎧⎨=-⎩,解得01d q =⎧⎨=⎩.由此可知数列{}n a 为非零常数列; (5分)(2)记2n n a b =,由(1)证明的结论知: {}2n a 为非零常数列. (2分) 显然,{}2n a 为非零常数列时,{}n a 不一定为非零常数列,如:非常数数列()nn a p =-(p 为大于0的正常数)和常数列(n a p p =为非零常数)均满足题意要求. (5分) (3)根据不同思维层次表现予以不同评分.1o 仅推广到3次方或4次方的结论或者是特殊次方的结论 (结论1分) 2o{}n a 满足1m m n naa d +'-=(常数)且1m n m na q a +'=(常数),则当m 为奇数时,{}n a 必为非零常数列;当m 为偶数时,{}n a 不一定为非零常数列.事实上,记mn n a b =,由(1)证明的结论知:{}n b 为非零常数列,即{}m n a 为非零常数列.所以当m 为奇数时,{}n a 为非零常数列;当m 为偶数时,{}n a 不一定为非零常数列.(结论3分)或者:设1(1)m m n a a n d =+-,即m n a A Bn =+,则1(1)mm n m n a A n B q a A nB +++⎛⎫'== ⎪+⎝⎭,即1mB A Bn ⎛⎫+ ⎪+⎝⎭对一切n *∈N 均为常数,则必有0B =,即有m n a A =,当m为奇数时,n a =m为偶数时,0)n a A =>或者(0)n a A <.3o{}n a 满足1m m n naa d +'-=(常数)且1l nl na q a +'=(常数),且m l 、为整数,当m l 、均为奇数时,{}n a 必为非零常数列;否则{}n a 不一定为常数列.事实上,条件1l n l n a q a +'=(正常数)可以转化为1()m mn l m na q a +'=(常数),整个问题转化为2o ,结论显然成立. (结论5分)或者:设1(1)m m n a a n d =+-,即mn a A Bn =+,当m为奇数时,有n a =则1(1)l l m n l na A n B q a A nB +++⎛⎫'== ⎪+⎝⎭,即1l mB A Bn ⎛⎫+ ⎪+⎝⎭对一切n *∈N 均为常数,则必有0B =,即有m n a A =,则n a =m 为偶数时,如反例:(1)n n a =-n *∈N ,它既满足m 次方后是等差数列,又是l (不管l 为奇数还是偶数)次方后成等比数列,但它不为常数列.4o{}n a 满足1m m n naa d +'-=(常数)且1l nl na q a +'=(常数),m l 、为有理数,'0q >, 则{}n a 必为非零常数列;否则{}n a 不一定为常数列.证明过程同3o(结论6分)5o{}n a 满足1m m n naa d +'-=(常数)且1l n l na q a +'=(常数),且m l 、为实数,'0q >,{}na 是不等于1的正数数列,则{}na 必为非零且不等于1的常数列;否则{}na 不一定为常数列.事实上,当'0q >,m l 、为实数时,条件1l n l n a q a +'=同样可以转化为1()m mn l m na q a +'=,记m n n a b =,由第(1)题的结论知:{}n b 必为不等于1的正常数数列,也即{}m n a 为不等于1的正常数数列,n a =,从而{}n a 也是不等于1的正常数数列.(结论7分)。
闵行区2020学年第二学期高三年级质量调研考试数学试卷参考答案与评分标准一. 填空题 1.()1,2-; 2.2i +; 3.92; 4.2021-; 5.725-; 6.3π;7.160-;8.1651;9.22y x =±; 10.[)0,16; 11.47912ππ⎧⎫⎨⎬⎩⎭,;12.23210a +. 二. 选择题 13.A ; 14.D ; 15.A ; 16.B .三. 解答题17.[证明](1)任取12x x <,则:()()11221222221()()log 21log 21log 21x x x x f x f x +-=+-+=+,…………2分1212,02121x x x x <∴<+<+11222212101,log 02121x x x x ++∴<<<++, ………………………4分12()()f x f x ∴<,即函数()f x 在(,)-∞+∞上单调递增. …… 6分[解](2)()2()log 21x F x m =++在[0,2]上存在零点所以只需求函数()2log 21x m =-+在[0,2]上的值域, ……………8分 由(1)可知函数()2log 21x m =-+在[0,2]上是减函数, …………10分 所以()()2022log 21log 21m -+≤≤-+, ………………………12分 即2log 51m -≤≤-,所以m 的取值范围为[]2log 5,1--. ………………………14分18.[解](1)在梯形ABCD 中,2AB =,2CD AB =,则1CD =所以1()=32ABCD S AB CD AD =+⋅,………………………2分又四棱锥M ABCD -的高2h AM ==,所以棱锥M ABCD -的体积123ABCD V S h =⋅=.…………6分(2)AM ⊥平面ABCD ,CD平面ABCD 内所以AM CD ⊥, ………………………8分 ,//AB AD AB CD ⊥,CD AD ∴⊥.所以CD ⊥面ADM ,所以CMD ∠为直线MC 与平面ADM 所成的角.………………………10分 Rt CDM △中,1CD =,22MD =2tan 422CMD ∠==, ………………………12分 所以2arctanCMD ∠= 即直线MC 与平面ADM 所成的角为2arctan4.………………………14分 19.[解](1)设AD x =,依题知,扇形DAE 的面积为21=26DAE S x π⋅⋅扇形……2分 又ABC △的面积为2120sin301002ABC S =⋅=△ 由1=2ABC DAE S S △扇形得 21=5026x π⋅⋅ ………………………4分 解得2600=x π,13.82x ≈(米)故AD 的长约为13.82米 ………………………6分(2)如图2,线段DE 平分ABC △的面积.设y AE x AD ==,,由ABC ADE S S ∆∆=21知200xy = ………………………8分 又2202AD AE x y xy +=+≥=(当且仅当=102x y =时取等号),……10分 此时20228.28AD AE +=≈(米), ………………………12分22=22cos307.32DE x x -≈(米)综上,AD AE +的最小值约为28.28米,此时直道DE 的长度约为7.32米.…14分20.[解](1)可求点A B 、的坐标分别为(2,0)(2,0)-、, 2分 设(,)P x y ,则2214x y =-,所以222211422444AP BP x y y y k k x x x x -⋅=⋅===-+---;…4分(2)设点()2cos ,sin (sin 0)P θθθ≠,则直线AP 的方程为()sin 22cos 2y x θθ=++………………………6分令4x =得3sin cos 1y θθ=+,所以点C 的坐标为3sin 4,cos 1θθ⎛⎫⎪+⎝⎭………8分由212S S =得3sin 2sin cos 1θθθ=+,所以1cos ,sin 22θθ==±,所以直线AP的方程为()26y x =±+.………………………10分 (3)同(2),设点()2cos ,sin (sin 0)P θθθ≠,直线AP 的方程为()sin 22cos 2y x θθ=++同理可求直线BP 的方程为:()sin 22cos 2y x θθ=--,令4x =得sin cos 1y θθ=-, 所以点D 的坐标为sin 4,cos 1θθ⎛⎫ ⎪-⎝⎭CD 中点24cos 4,sin E θθ-⎛⎫⎪⎝⎭ ………………………12分24cos sin sin 2cos 4NP NE k k n n θθθθ-⋅=⋅--()()()()24cos 24cos 2cos 4424cos n n n n n θθθθ--==---+-………………………14分 要使NP NE k k ⋅为定值,只需()()24424n n n -=--,解得1n =,此时23NP NE k k ⋅=-所以在x 轴上存在定点()1,0N ,使得NP NE k k ⋅为定值23-.………16分21. [解](1)记{}1,2,5,8,9S =,存在函数()10f x x =-,……………2分 使得()f S S =,所以数列1,2,5,8,9是P 数列.………………………4分 (2)因为函数()9f x x =在区间()0,+∞上是减函数, 所以1232020202199999a a a a a >>>>>,………………………6分 因为递增数列{}n a (*12021,n n N ≤≤∈)是P 数列, 所以20212020202221122020202199999,,,,,,n na a a a a a a a a a -=====……8分记122021A a a a =⋅⋅⋅,则()()()()2202112021220202022202119n n A a a a a a a a a -=⋅⋅⋅⋅⋅=所以202112320213a a a a =. ………………………10分(3)不妨设1231m m a a a a a -<<<<<1°当11a ≠时,考察312411111m ma a a a a a a a a a -<<<<< 因为312411111,m m a a a a a S a a a a a -⎧⎫⊆⎨⎬⎩⎭,,,,,故11a >,且31241232111111,m m m m a a aa aa a a a a a a a a a ---=====,,,,,…………12分 即()112nn a a n m a -=≤≤所以{}()1n a n m ≤≤是等比数列,()11n n a a n m =≤≤, 此时存在P 变换()11m a f x x+=,使得()f S S =,故集合S 是P 集合.………14分2°当11a =时,考察3141222221,m m a a a a a a a a a a -=<<<<< 因为3142222m m a a a a S a a a a -⎧⎫⊆⎨⎬⎩⎭,,,,,故31423212222m m m m a a a aa a a a a a a a ---====,,,,,………………………16分 即()213n n a a n m a -=≤≤,所以{}()1n a n m ≤≤是等比数列,()121n n a a n m -=≤≤,此时存在P 变换()12m a f x x-=,使得()f S S =,故集合S 是一个P 集合.综合1°2°可知,集合S 是一个P 集合.………………………18分。
2020年闵行区高三二模语文试卷一、积累应用(10分)1.按要求填空。
(5分)(1)_______________,憔悴损,_______________!(李清照《声声慢》)(2)分野中峰变,_______________。
(王维《终南山》)(3)苏轼《江城子·密州出猎》中“为报倾城随太守,亲射虎,看孙郎”句用典抒情,杜甫《登楼》中与其手法相同的两句是“__________________,__________________。
”2.按要求选择。
(5分)(1)有四位同学春游到一处景点,相约每人用古诗来表达对眼前秀美春光的欣喜之情,下列表达不恰当的一项是()。
(2分)A.荠花榆荚深村里,亦道春风为我来。
B.燕子不归春事晚,一汀烟雨杏花寒。
C.胜日寻芳泗水滨,无边光景一时新。
D.便觉眼前生意满,东风吹水绿参差。
(2)填入下面语段空白处的语句,最恰当的一项是()。
(3分)戏曲源远流长,是中华优秀传统文化的重要根脉。
毋庸讳言,其传承发展遇到了困境,观众逐步流失,市场慢慢萎缩,令人担忧。
一些戏曲人士自恃正宗,不肯轻易改变,______________________,是文化自信的题中应有之义。
①在文化市场多元丰富的今天②否则看戏的观众会越来越少③让戏曲在文艺百花园中风采依旧④但相当多的观众觉得戏曲要与时俱进⑤如何守正创新A.③⑤①②④B.⑤③①④②C.④②①⑤③D.④③②⑤①二、阅读(70分)(一)阅读下文,完成第3-7题。
(16分)社会学视野中的游戏与社会王水雄①网络空间因“网络游戏”而进一步拓展,人类“个人与社会”关系的基本格局随之而变,“游戏”越来越多地紧密地介入其中,形成“个人—游戏—社会”的关系链条,充实乃至部分替代传统的“个人—组织—社会”关系格局。
人类生活呈现出“游戏的社会化”和“社会的游戏化”这样两种相向而行的过程,在这里,游戏与娱乐、生存、生活乃至劳动的场景彼此镶嵌..在一起。
2020届上海市闵行区高三下学期期末质量调研(一模)物理试题一、单项选择题:本题共6小题,每小题4分,共24分。
在每小题给出的四个选项中,只有一项是符合题目要求的。
1、在如图所示的位移图象和速度图象中,给出的四条图线甲、乙、丙、丁分别代表四辆车由同一地点向同一方向运动的情况,则下列说法正确的是()A.甲车做曲线运动,乙车做直线运动B.0~t1时间内,甲车通过的路程大于乙车通过的路程C.丁车在t2时刻领先丙车最远D.0~t2时间内,丙、丁两车的平均速度相等2、医生做某些特殊手术时,利用电磁血流计来监测通过动脉的血流速度.电磁血流计由一对电极a和b以及一对磁极N和S构成,磁极间的磁场是均匀的.使用时,两电极a、b均与血管壁接触,两触点的连线、磁场方向和血流速度方向两两垂直,如图所示.由于血液中的正负离子随血流一起在磁场中运动,电极a、b之间会有微小电势差.在达到平衡时,血管内部的电场可看做是匀强电场,血液中的离子所受的电场力和磁场力的合力为零.在某次监测中,两触点间的距离为3.00mm,血管壁的厚度可忽略,两触点间的电势差为160 pV,磁感应强度的大小0.040T.则血流的速度的近似值和电极a、b的正负为A.1.3m/s,a负、b正B.2.7m/s,a 正、b负C.1.3m/s,a 正、b负D.2.7m/s,a 负、b正3、下列四幅图涉及到不同的物理知识,其中说法正确的是()A .图甲:卢瑟福通过分析α粒子散射实验结果,发现了质子和中子B .图乙:用中子轰击铀核使其发生聚变,链式反应会释放出巨大的核能C .图丙:玻尔理论指出氢原子能级是分立的,所以原子发射光子的频率也是不连续的D .图丁:汤姆孙通过电子的发现揭示了原子核内还有复杂结构4、据科学家推算,六亿两千万年前,一天只有21个小时,而现在已经被延长到24小时,假设若干年后,一天会减慢延长到25小时,则若干年后的地球同步卫星与现在的相比,下列说法正确的是( ) A .可以经过地球北极上空B .轨道半径将变小C .加速度将变大D .线速度将变小5、电源电动势反映了电源把其他形式的能转化为电能的本领,下列关于电动势的说法中正确的是 A .电动势是一种非静电力B .电动势越大表明电源储存的电能越多C .电动势由电源中非静电力的特性决定,跟其体积、外电路无关D .电动势就是闭合电路中电源两端的电压6、如图所示,围绕地球做匀速圆周运动的两颗卫星的周期分别为T 1和T 2,两颗卫星的轨道半径的差值为d ,地球表面重力加速度为g ,根据以上已知量无法求出....的物理量是(引力常量G 未知)( )A .地球的半径B .地球的质量C .两颗卫星的轨道半径D .两颗卫星的线速度二、多项选择题:本题共4小题,每小题5分,共20分。
2020年上海闵行区高三二模语文试卷考生注意:1.答卷前,考生务必在答题纸上将自己的姓名、准考证号、所在学校及班级等填写清楚。
2.所有试题的答案必须全部涂(选择题)或写(非选择题)在答题纸上,写在试卷上一律不给分。
答题时应注意试题题号和答题纸题号一一对应,不能错位。
3.本试卷共6页。
满分150分。
考试时间150分钟。
一、积累应用(10分)1.按要求填空。
(5分)(1)_____________________,憔悴损,_____________________!(李清照《声声慢》)(2)分野中峰变,_____________________。
(王维《终南山》)(3)苏轼《江城子·密州出猎》中“为报倾城随太守,亲射虎,看孙郎”句用典抒情,杜甫《登楼》中与其手法相同的两句是“_____________________,_____________________。
”2.按要求选择。
(5分)(1)有四位同学春游到一处景点,相约每人用古诗来表达对眼前秀美春光的欣喜之情,下列表达不恰当的一项是()。
(2分)A.荠花榆荚深村里,亦道春风为我来。
B.燕子不归春事晚,一汀烟雨杏花寒。
C.胜日寻芳泗水滨,无边光景一时新。
D.便觉眼前生意满,东风吹水绿参差。
(2)填入下面语段空白处的语句,最恰当的一项是()。
(3分)戏曲源远流长,是中华优秀传统文化的重要根脉。
毋庸讳言,其传承发展遇到了困境,观众逐步流失,市场慢慢萎缩,令人担忧。
一些戏曲人士自恃正宗,不肯轻易改变,_______ ___,是文化自信的题中应有之义。
①在文化市场多元丰富的今天②否则看戏的观众会越来越少③让戏曲在文艺百花园中风采依旧④但相当多的观众觉得戏曲要与时俱进⑤如何守正创新A.③⑤①②④B.⑤③①④②C.④②①⑤③D.④③②⑤①【答案】1.(1)满地黄花堆积如今有谁堪摘(2)阴晴众壑殊(3)可怜后主还祠庙日暮聊为《梁甫吟》2.(1)B (2)C【解析】1.考察了文言文的记忆默写和理解性默写,注意平时积累和理解古诗,不能死记硬背。
2020届上海市闵行区高三二模数学试题一、单选题1.在空间中,“两条直线不平行”是“这两条直线异面”的()A.充分非必要条件B.必要非充分条件C.充要条件D.既非充分又非必要条件【答案】B【解析】在空间中,“两条直线不平行”,可得:这两条直线异面或相交,即可判断出结论.【详解】解:在空间中,“两条直线不平行”,可得:这两条直线异面或相交.∴“两条直线不平行”是“这两条直线异面”的必要不充分条件.故选:B.【点睛】本题考查了空间中两条直线位置关系、简易逻辑的判定方法,考查了推理能力与计算能力,属于基础题.2.某县共有300个村,现采用系统抽样方法,抽取15个村作为样本,调查农民的生活和生产状况,将300个村编上1到300的号码,求得间隔数3002015k==,即每20个村抽取一个村,在1到20中随机抽取一个数,如果抽到的是7,则从41到60这20个数中应取的号码数是()A.45 B.46 C.47 D.48【答案】C【解析】根据系统抽样的定义和性质即可得到结论.【详解】解:根据题意,样本间隔数3002015k==,在1到20中抽到的是7,则41到60为第3组,此时对应的数为7+2×20=47.故选:C.【点睛】本题主要考查系统抽样的应用,样本间距是解决本题的关键,比较基础.3.已知抛物线的方程为24y x =,过其焦点F 的直线交此抛物线于M .N 两点,交y 轴于点E ,若1EM MF λ=,2EN NF λ=,则12λλ+=( ) A .2- B .12-C .1D .1-【答案】D【解析】设直线MN 的方程为y =k (x ﹣1),与抛物线方程联立,由1EM MF λ=,2EN NF λ=,分别表示出λ1,λ2,利用根与系数关系即可算得答案.【详解】解:根据条件可得F (1,0),则设直线MN 的方程为y =k (x ﹣1),M (x 1,y 1),N (x 2,y 2), 所以E (0,﹣k ),联立2(1)4y k x y x=-⎧⎨=⎩,整理可得k 2x 2﹣(2k 2+4)x +k 2=0, 则x 1+x 2=2224k k +,x 1x 2=1,因为1EM MF λ=,2EN NF λ=, 所以λ1(1﹣x 1)=x 1,λ2(1﹣x 2)=x 2,即有λ1=111x x -,λ2=221x x -,所以()221212122122112221242212411111k x x x x x x k x x x x x x k kλλ+-+-=+===-+---++-++. 故选:D. 【点睛】本题考查直线与抛物线的综合,将条件转化为坐标形式,结合根与系数关系解题是关键,属于中档题.4.关于x 的实系数方程2450x x -+=和220x mx m ++=有四个不同的根,若这四个根在复平面上对应的点共圆,则m 的取值范围是( ) A .{}5 B .{}1-C .()0,1D .(){}0,11-【答案】D【解析】根据条件分别设四个不同的解所对应的点为ABCD ,讨论根的判别式,根据圆的对称性得到相应判断.【详解】解:由已知x 2﹣4x +5=0的解为2i ±,设对应的两点分别为A ,B , 得A (2,1),B (2,﹣1),设x 2+2mx +m =0的解所对应的两点分别为C ,D ,记为C (x 1,y 1),D (x 2,y 2), (1)当△<0,即0<m <1时,220x mx m ++=的根为共轭复数,必有C 、D 关于x 轴对称,又因为A 、B 关于x 轴对称,且显然四点共圆;(2)当△>0,即m >1或m <0时,此时C (x 1,0),D (x 2,0),且122x x +=﹣m , 故此圆的圆心为(﹣m ,0),半径122x x r -====,又圆心O 1到A 的距离O 1A =, 解得m =﹣1,综上:m ∈(0,1)∪{﹣1}. 故选:D. 【点睛】本题考查方程根的个数与坐标系内点坐标的对应,考查一元二次方程根的判别式,属于难题.二、填空题5.设集合{}{}1,3,5,7,47A B x x ==≤≤,则A B = __________.【答案】{5,7}【解析】根据交集的定义,即可求解. 【详解】{}{}1,3,5,7,47A B x x ==≤≤ {5,7}A B =.故答案为:{5,7}. 【点睛】本题考查集合的运算,属于基础题.6.已知复数z 满足1i z i ⋅=+(i 为虚数单位),则Im z =__________.【答案】1-【解析】把已知等式变形,再由复数代数形式的乘除运算化简得答案. 【详解】解:由1i z i ⋅=+,得21(1)()1i i i z i i i ++-===--, ∴Im 1z =-. 故答案为:1-. 【点睛】本题考查复数代数形式的乘除运算,考查复数的基本概念,是基础题.7.若直线10ax by ++=的方向向量为()1,1,则此直线的倾斜角为__________. 【答案】4π【解析】利用直线的方向向量算出直线的斜率,进而求出直线的倾斜角. 【详解】解:∵直线10ax by ++=的方向向量为()1,1, ∴直线的斜率为1, ∴直线的倾斜角为4π. 故答案为:4π. 【点睛】本题主要考查了直线的方向向量,以及直线的倾斜角,是基础题.8.记n S 为等差数列{}n a 的前n 项和,若3122S S S =+,12a =,则5a =__________. 【答案】6【解析】利用等差数列的通项公式求和公式即可得出. 【详解】解:设等差数列{}n a 的公差为d ,31212,2S S S a =+=,3232222d d ∴⨯+=⨯+⨯+,解得1d =.则5246a =+=. 故答案为:6.【点睛】本题考查了等差数列的求和公式,考查了推理能力与计算能力,属于基础题. 9.已知圆锥的母线长为10,母线与轴的夹角为30,则该圆锥的侧面积为_. 【答案】50π【解析】根据勾股定理得出圆锥的底面半径,代入侧面积公式计算即可得出结论. 【详解】解:设底面的半径为r ,则sin 3010=5r =⨯ ∴该圆锥的侧面积510=50S ππ=⨯⨯ 故答案为50π 【点睛】本题考查了圆锥的性质和侧面积公式,解决本题的关键是根据勾股定理求得圆锥底面半径.10.81x ⎫⎪⎭二项展开式的常数项为________.【答案】28【解析】利用二项展开式的通项公式求出展开式的通项,令通项中x 的指数为0,求出r 的值,将r 的值代入通项公式,求出展开式的常数项.【详解】解:81x ⎫⎪⎭展开式的通项为()848318811rrrr rr r T C C x x --+⎛⎫=-=- ⎪⎝⎭,令8403r-=,解得2r ,所以常数项为()22038128T C x =-=故答案为:28 【点睛】本题解决二项展开式的特定项问题,常利用的工具是二项展开式的通项公式,属于中档题.11.若x 、y 满足|1|x y <+,且1y ≤,则3x y +的最大值为__________. 【答案】5【解析】画出约束条件不是的可行域,判断目标函数经过的点,求出最大值. 【详解】解:由x 、y 满足|1|x y <+,且1y ≤,画出可行域如图所示,11y x y =⎧⎨=+⎩可得A (2,1), 则目标函数3z x y =+在点A (2,1)取得最大值, 代入得35x y +=,故3x y +的最大值为5. 故答案为:5.【点睛】本题考查线性规划的应用,画出约束条件的可行域以及找出目标函数经过的点是解题关键.12.从1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9中任取3个不同的数,并从小到大排成一个数列,此数列为等比数列的概率为__________.(结果用最简分数表示) 【答案】128【解析】先求出基本事件总数3984n C ==,再用列举法求出此数列为等比数列包含的基本事件有4个,由此能求出此数列为等比数列的概率. 【详解】解:从1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9中任取3个不同的数,并从小到大排成一个数列,基本事件总数3984n C ==,此数列为等比数列包含的基本事件有:(1,2,4),(1,3,9),(2,4,8),共3个, ∴此数列为等比数列的概率为318428P ==. 故答案为:128. 【点睛】本题考查概率的求法,考查古典概型等基础知识,考查运算求解能力,是基础题. 13.已知直线1:l y x =,斜率为()01q q <<的直线2l 与x 轴交于点A ,与y 轴交于点()00,B a ,过0B 作x 轴的平行线,交1l 于点1A ,过1A 作y 轴的平行线,交2l 于点1B ,再过1B 作x 轴的平行线交1l 于点2A ,…,这样依次得线段01B A 、11A B 、12B A 、22A B 、…、1n n B A -、n n A B ,记n x 为点n B 的横坐标,则lim n n x →∞=__________.【答案】1aq- 【解析】先由题设条件得出点123,,B B B 的坐标,根据它们之间的关系求出点n B 的坐标,然后利用数列极限的运算性质求出lim n n x →∞. 【详解】解:∵斜率为()01q q <<的直线2l 与x 轴交于点A ,与y 轴交于点()00,B a ,直线1:l y x =,∴A 1(a ,a ).∵A 1B 0∥x 轴,∴B 1(a ,aq +a ),A 2(aq +a ,aq +a ). ∵B 1A 2∥x 轴,∴B 2(aq +a ,aq 2+aq +a ). 同理可得:A 3(aq 2+aq +a ,aq 2+aq +a ), B 3(aq 2+aq +a ,aq 3+aq 2+aq +a ),…,B n (aq n ﹣1+aq n ﹣2+aq n ﹣3+…aq 2+aq +a ,aq n +aq n ﹣1+aq n ﹣2+aq n ﹣3+…aq 2+aq +a ), ∵x n 为点B n 的横坐标,∴x n =aq n ﹣1+aq n ﹣2+aq n ﹣3+…aq 2+aq +a .故x n 是首项为a ,公比为q (0<q <1)的等比数列的前n 项的和, 由数列极限的运算性质得:lim 1n n ax q→∞=-. 故答案为:1a q-.【点睛】本题主要考查数列在实际问题中的应用及数列极限的求法,属于中档题. 14.已知()2f x +是定义在R 上的偶函数,当12[2,,)x x ∈+∞,且12x x ≠,总有12120()()x x f x f x -<-,则不等式()131(12)x f f +-+<的解集为__________.【答案】()1,+∞【解析】根据题意可得出()2f x +在[)0,+∞上单调递减,且()1312(102)x f f +-+<+-,从而根据原不等式即可得出13110x +-->,解出x 的范围即可. 【详解】解:∵12[2,,)x x ∈+∞,且12x x ≠时,()()12120x x f x f x -<-, ∴()f x 在[)2,+∞上单调递减, ∴()2f x +在[)0,+∞上单调递减, ∴由()131(12)x f f +-+<得()1312(102)x f f +-+<+-,∴13110x +-->,解得1x >,∴原不等式的解集为()1,+∞. 故答案为:()1,+∞. 【点睛】本题考查了偶函数的定义,偶函数在对称区间上的函数的单调性的特点,减函数和增函数的定义,考查了计算能力,属于基础题.15.已知A 、B 、C 是边长为1的正方形边上的任意三点,则AB AC ⋅的取值范围为__________. 【答案】1,24⎡⎤-⎢⎥⎣⎦【解析】建系,设A (a ,0),B (p ,q ),C (r ,s ),利用不等式,考虑极限情况求范围. 【详解】 解:建系如图,M (1,0),N (1,1),P (0,1),设A (a ,0),B (p ,q ),C (r ,s ),其中a ,p ,q ,r ,s ∈[0,1],(,)(,)()()(10)(10)112AB AC p a q r a s p a r a qs ⋅=-⋅-=--+≤-⨯-+⨯=,当且仅当10p r q s a ====⎧⎨=⎩或10a q s p r ===⎧⎨==⎩时,等号成立;(,)(,)()()()()0()()AB AC p a q r a s p a r a qs p a r a a p r a ⋅=-⋅-=--+≥--+=---2124p r -⎛⎫≥-≥- ⎪⎝⎭, 当且仅当10a p r a p r qs -=-⎧⎪-=⎨⎪=⎩,即12100a p r qs ⎧=⎪⎪⎪=⎨⎪=⎪=⎪⎩或12010a p r qs ⎧=⎪⎪⎪=⎨⎪=⎪=⎪⎩时,等号成立.故答案为:1,24⎡⎤-⎢⎥⎣⎦.【点睛】本题考查了正方形的性质、考查向量坐标表示,数形结合思想,极限思想,考查了推理能力与计算能力,属于中档题.16.已知函数()sin cos 4sin cos f x x x x x k =+--,若函数()y f x =在区间(0,)π内恰好有奇数个零点,则实数k 的所有取值之和为__________.【答案】1 【解析】讨论0<x ≤2π时与2π<x <π时函数解析式,令k =sin x +cos x ﹣4sin x cos x ,换元,根据二次函数的单调性即可得出答案. 【详解】 解:(1)当0<x ≤2π时,设k =sin x +cos x ﹣4sin x cos x ,令t =sin x +cos x sin (x +4π),则t ∈[1],k =t ﹣2(t 2﹣1)=﹣2t 2+ t +2,t ∈[1]为单调函数, 则可知当t =1时,即k =1时,一解;当t 时,即k 2时,一解;当1<t ﹣2<k <1时两解; (2)当2π<x <π时,设k =sin x ﹣cos x ﹣4sin x cos x ,令t =sin x ﹣cos x sin (x ﹣4π),则t ∈(1],k =t +2(t 2﹣1),t ∈(1]也为单调函数,则可知当1<t 时,即1<k <时两解,当t 时,即k 2+时一解,综上:k =1或k ﹣2或k 2+,故所有k 的和为1.故答案为:1. 【点睛】本题考查函数零点与方程根的转化,换元思想,分类讨论思想,属于中档偏难题.三、解答题17.在直三棱柱111ABC A B C -中,AB BC ⊥,2AB BC ==,1AA =M 是侧棱1C C 上一点,设MC h =.(1)若3h =111ABM A B C -的体积;(2)若异面直线BM 与11A C 所成的角为60︒,求h 的值. 【答案】(1103;(2)2 【解析】(1)多面体111ABM A B C -的体积为111ABC A B C M ABC V V V --=-,由此能求出结果; (2)以B 为原点,BC 为x 轴,BA 为y 轴,BB 1为z 轴,建立空间直角坐标系,利用向量法能求出h 的值. 【详解】解:(1)∵在直三棱柱ABC ﹣A 1B 1C 1中,AB ⊥BC ,AB =BC =2,123AA =M 是侧棱C 1C 上一点,设MC =3h =∴多面体ABM ﹣A 1B 1C 1的体积为:111ABC A B C M ABC V V V --=-=112AB BC AA ⨯⨯⨯﹣1132AB BC MC ⨯⨯⨯⨯ =1112223223232⨯⨯⨯⨯⨯⨯103. (2)以B 为原点,BC 为x 轴,BA 为y 轴,BB 1为z 轴,建立空间直角坐标系, 则B (0,0,0),M (2,0,h ),A 1(0,2,3),C 1(2,0,3, BM =(2,0,h ),11AC =(2,﹣2,0), ∵异面直线BM 与A 1C 1所成的角为60°,∴cos60°=1111||||||BM AC BM AC ⋅⋅=2448h +⋅, 由h >0,解得h =2.【点睛】本题考查多面体的体积、线段长的求法,考查空间中线线、线面、面面间的位置关系等基础知识,考查运算求解能力,是中档题. 18.已知函2()3cos 3cos (0)f x x x x ωωωω=+>.(1)当()f x 的最小正周期为2π时,求ω的值;(2)当1ω=时,设ABC 的内角A .B .C 对应的边分别为a 、b 、c ,已知()32Af =,且27a =6b =,求ABC 的面积. 【答案】(1)12ω=;(2)3363【解析】(1)利用倍角公式、和差公式可得f (x 3(2ωx +3π)+32,根据f (x )的最小正周期为2π,可得ω. (2)当ω=1时,32A f ⎛⎫=⎪⎝⎭3(2×23A π+)+32=3,解得A ,利用余弦定理可得:a 2=b 2+c 2﹣2bc cos A ,解得c ,即可得出△ABC 的面积S . 【详解】解:(1)函数2()3cos 3cos (0)f x x x x ωωωω=+>.∴f (x )=3×1cos 2322x x ωω++3sin (2ωx +3π)+32, 当f (x )的最小正周期为2π时,22πω=2π,解得ω=12;(2)当ω=1时,32A f ⎛⎫= ⎪⎝⎭, ∴3sin (2×23A π+)+32=3,又A 为三角形的内角, 解得A =3π. 且27,6a b ==,由余弦定理可得:a 2=b 2+c 2﹣2bc cos A , ∴c 2﹣6c +8=0, 解得c =2或4. ∴△ABC 的面积S =12bc sin A =33或63. 【点睛】本题考查了三角函数的性质与三角形的面积、和差公式与倍角公式、余弦定理,考查了推理能力与计算能力,属于中档题.19.如图,A 、B 两地相距100公里,两地政府为提升城市的抗疫能力,决定在A 、B 之间选址P 点建造储备仓库,共享民生物资,当点P 在线段AB 的中点C 时,建造费用为2000万元,若点P 在线段AC 上(不含点A ),则建造费用与P 、A 之间的距离成反比,若点P 在线段CB 上(不含点B ),则建造费用与P 、B 之间的距离成反比,现假设P 、A 之间的距离为x 千米()0100x <<,A 地所需该物资每年的运输费用为2.5x 万元,B 地所需该物资每年的运输费用为()0.5100x -万元,()f x 表示建造仓库费用,()g x 表示两地物资每年的运输总费用(单位:万元).(1)求函数()f x 的解析式;(2)若规划仓库使用的年限为*()n n ∈N ,()()()H x f x ng x =+,求()H x 的最小值,并解释其实际意义.【答案】(1)当050x <≤,100000()f x x =;当50100x <<,100000()100f x x=-;(2)504005n n +,见解析【解析】(1)由题意,设f (x )=12,050,50100100k x xk x x⎧<≤⎪⎪⎨⎪<<⎪-⎩,由f (50)=2000,求得k 1与k 2的值,则函数解析式可求;(2)求出g (x )=2.5x +0.5(100﹣x )=2x +50,然后分段写出H (x ),求导后再对n 分类求解H (x )的最小值,并解释其实际意义. 【详解】解:(1)由题意,设f (x )=12,050,50100100k x xk x x ⎧<≤⎪⎪⎨⎪<<⎪-⎩,由f (50)=2000,求得k 1=k 2=100000.∴f (x )=100000,050100000,50100100x xx x ⎧<≤⎪⎪⎨⎪<<⎪-⎩;(2)g (x )=2.5x +0.5(100﹣x )=2x +50, 若0<x ≤50,则H (x )=f (x )+ng (x )=100000250nx n x++, H ′(x )=222100000nx x -,由H ′(x )=0,得x =若n ∈N 且n ≤20,则H (x )在(0,50]上单调递减,H (x )min =H (50)=2000+150n ; 若n ∈N 且n >20,则H (x )在(0,50)单调递增,∴min ()50H x n =+;若50<x <100,则H (x )=f (x )+ng (x )=100000250100nx n x++-,H ′(x )=21000002(100)n x +->0,H (x )在(50,100)上单调递增, 若n ∈N 且n ≤20,则H (x )>2000+150n ; 若n ∈N 且n >20,则H (x )>50n+综上,若n ∈N 且n ≤20,则H (x )min =2000+150n ;若n ∈N 且n >20,则min ()504005H x n n =+.实际意义:建造储备仓库并使用n 年,花费在建造仓库和两地物资运输总费用的最小值. 【点睛】本题考查根据实际问题选择函数模型,训练了利用导数求最值,是中档题.20.在平面直角坐标系中,A 、B 分别为椭圆22:12x y Γ+=的上、下顶点,若动直线l过点()()0,1P b b >,且与椭圆Γ相交于C 、D 两个不同点(直线l 与y 轴不重合,且C 、D 两点在y 轴右侧,C 在D 的上方),直线AD 与BC 相交于点Q .(1)设Γ的两焦点为1F 、2F ,求12F AF ∠的值; (2)若3b =,且32PD PC =,求点Q 的横坐标; (3)是否存在这样的点P ,使得点Q 的纵坐标恒为13?若存在,求出点P 的坐标,若不存在,请说明理由. 【答案】(1)2π(2)23Q x =;(3)(0,3)P 【解析】(1)由椭圆方程易知∠OAF 2=45°,结合对称性可得∠F 1AF 2=90°; (2)设C (x 1,y 1),D (x 2,y 2),根据已知条件可求得直线BC 的方程为y =2x ﹣1,直线AD 的方程为y =﹣x +1,联立两直线方程即可得到点Q 的横坐标; (3)设直线l 的方程为y =kx +b (k <0,b >1),与椭圆方程联立,可得()2121212b kx x x x b -=+,直线BC 的方程为1111y y x x +=-,直线AD 的方程为2211y y x x -=+,进而得到点Q 的纵坐标,由此建立方程化简即可得出结论. 【详解】解:(1)由椭圆Γ的方程知,F 1(﹣1,0),F 2(1,0),A (0,1), 则∠OAF 2=45°, ∴∠F 1AF 2=90°;(2)若b =3,设C 、D 的两点坐标为C (x 1,y 1),D (x 2,y 2), ∵32PD PC =, ∴()()22113,3,32x y x y -=-,即2121333,222x x y y ==-, 而C (x 1,y 1),D (x 2,y 2)均在2212x y +=上,代入得()2211221122991242x y x y ⎧+=⎪⎨+-=⎪⎩,解得179y =, ∴213y =-,分别代入Γ解得,1284,93x x ==, ∴直线BC 的方程为y =2x ﹣1,直线AD 的方程为y =﹣x +1,联立211y x y x =-⎧⎨=-+⎩,解得23x =,∴Q 点的横坐标为23; (3)假设存在这样的点P ,设直线l 的方程为y =kx +b (k <0,b >1), 点C ,D 的坐标为C (x 1,y 1),D (x 2,y 2), 联立2222y kx bx y =+⎧⎨+=⎩,得(2k 2+1)x 2+4kbx +2b 2﹣2=0, 由△=16k 2b 2﹣8(2k 2+1)(b 2﹣1)>0,得2212b k ->,由12221224212221kb x x k b x x k ⎧+=-⎪⎪+⎨-⎪=⎪+⎩,可得()2121212b kx x x x b -=+, 直线BC 的方程为1111y y x x +=-,直线AD 的方程为2211y y x x -=+, 而x 1y 2=kx 1x 2+bx 1,x 2y 1=kx 1x 2+bx 2,联立11221111y y x x y y x x +⎧=-⎪⎪⎨-⎪=+⎪⎩,得()()()()()()()()12212112122121121221122x y x y x x kx x b x x x x y x y x y x x b x x x x ++-+++-==-++-++=()()()()122122112113x x b x x b x x b x x b ++-==-++, 则b =3>1,因此,存在点P (0,3),使得点Q 的纵坐标恒为13. 【点睛】本题考查椭圆方程及其性质,考查直线与椭圆的位置关系,考查圆锥曲线中的定点定值问题,考查化简运算能力,属于较难题目. 21.已知数列{}n x ,若对任意*n ∈N ,都有212n n n x x x +++>成立,则称数列{}n x 为“差增数列”.(1)试判断数列2*()n a n n =∈N 是否为“差增数列”,并说明理由;(2)若数列{}n a 为“差增数列”,且*n a ∈N ,121a a ==,对于给定的正整数m ,当k a m =,项数k 的最大值为20时,求m 的所有可能取值的集合;(3)若数列{}lg n x 为“差增数列”,*2),00(2n n ≤∈N ,且122020lg lg lg 0x x x +++=,证明:10101011 1x x <.【答案】(1)是;见解析(2)*,17{2|}190m m m ∈≤≤N ;(3)见解析 【解析】(1)数列()2*n a n n =∈N 是“差增数列”.由新定义可知,只要证明22n n a a ++>a n +1即可;(2)由新定义可得对任意的n ∈N ,a n +2﹣a n +1>a n +1﹣a n 恒成立,可令b n =a n +1﹣a n (n ≥1),运用累加法,结合等差数列的求和公式可得a n ,由于1≤n ≤19,结合条件可得m 的取值集合;(3)运用反证法证明,假设x 1010x 1011≥1,由题意可得x 1x 2…x 2020=1,1n n x x +<21n n x x ++,运用不等式的性质推得x 1009x 1012>1,即可得到矛盾,进而得证. 【详解】解:(1)数列()2*n a nn =∈N 是“差增数列”.因为任意的n ∈N ,都有a n +a n +2=n 2+(n +2)2=2n 2+4n +4=2(n +1)2+2>2(n +1)2=2a n +1,即22n n a a ++>a n +1成立, 所以数列()2*n a nn =∈N 是“差增数列”;(2)由已知,对任意的n ∈N ,a n +2﹣a n +1>a n +1﹣a n 恒成立. 可令b n =a n +1﹣a n (n ≥1),则b n ∈N ,且b n <b n +1,又a n =m ,要使项数k 达到最大,且最大值为20时,必须b n (1≤n ≤18)最小. 而b 1=0,故b 2=1,b 3=2,…,b n =n ﹣1. 所以a n ﹣a 1=b 1+b 2+…+b n ﹣1=0+1+2+…+(n ﹣2)=12(n ﹣1)(n ﹣2), 即当1≤n ≤19时,a n =1+(1)(2)2n n --,a 19=154,因为k 的最大值为20,所以18≤a 20﹣a 19<18+19,即18≤m ﹣154<18+19, 所以m 的所有可能取值的集合为{m |172≤m <191,m ∈N}.(3)证明:(反证法)假设x 1010x 1011≥1.由已知可得x n (n =1,2,…,2020)均为正数,且x 1x 2…x 2020=1,1n n x x +<21n n x x ++. 而由1n n x x +<21n n x x ++可得10101009x x <10111010x x <10121011x x , 即x 1010x 1011<x 1009x 1012,所以x 1009x 1012>1.又10101008x x =10101009x x •10091008x x <10121011x x •10131012x x =10131011x x ,即x 1008x 1013>1,同理可证x 1007x 1014>1,…,x 1x 2020>1, 因此x 1x 2…x 2020>1,这与已知矛盾, 所以x 1010x 1011<1. 【点睛】本题考查数列的新定义的理解和运用,考查等差数列的通项公式和求和公式的运用,主要考查化简整理的运算求解能力和逻辑推理能力,属于难题.。
闵行区2019 学年度第二学期高三年级质量调研考试闵行区2019 学年度第二学期高三年级质量调研考试高三英语考生注意:1. 考试时间120 分钟,试卷满分140 分。
2.本考试设试卷和答题纸两部分, 试卷共12 页。
所有答题必须涂(选择题)或写(非选择题)在答题纸上, 做在试卷上一律不得分。
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I.Listening Comprehension Section ADirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. A cook. B. A dentist. C. A surgeon. D. A technician.2. A. She’d like to have the windows open. B. She likes to have the air conditioner on.C. The air is heavily polluted.D. The windows are always open.3. A. Art attraction. B. Painting skills. C. Furniture quality. D. Room decoration.4. A. She appreciates the man’s effort. B. She does enjoy spicy food.C. She is annoyed with the man.D. She doesn’t like the food the man prepared.5. A. They can’t fit into the machine. B. They were sent to the wrong stress.C. They haven’t been delivered yet.D. They were found to be of the wrong type.6. A. The long waiting time. B. The broken down computer.C. The mistakes in her telephone bill.D. The bad telephone service.7. A. Its quality. B. Its price C. Its materials D. Its appearance.8. A. Walk in the countryside. B. Do some exercise.C. Go shopping.D. Wash some dresses.9. A. He is going to visit a photo studio. B. He has just had his picture taken.C. He is one the way to the theatre.D. He has just returned from a job interview.10.A. He doesn’t want Jenny to get into trouble. B.He doesn’t agree with the woman’s remark.C. He thinks Jenny’s workload too heavy at college.Section BDirections: In Section B, you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation, and you will be asked several questions on each of the passages and the conversation. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11.A. Attend expert growers’ lecture. B. Visit fruit-lovig families.C. Plant fruit trees in an orchard (果园).D. Taste many kinds of apples.12.A. It is a new variety. B. It is the best variety for eating quality.C. It is rarely seen now.D. It needs perfect soil to grow.13.A. To show how to grow apples. B. To introduce an apple festival.C. To help people select apples.D. To attract more people to visit Britain Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following news.14.A. Lack of sleep could lead to heath problem.B. Lack of sleep affects adults more than children.C. Sleeping problems are one of the leading causes of obesity.D. The amount of sleep people need changes with age.15.A. Less sleep is needed when they enter adolescence.B. Ideally, they need 8 hours of sleep a night.C. They may have difficulty in falling asleep before 11:00 pm.D. They always wake up at midnight due to biological changes.16.A. The amount of sleep and academic performance.B. A comparison of different time to start school.C. Students’ sleeping time and social behaviors.D. A beneficial change of school starting time.Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.17.A. Extreme sports. B. City life.C. Human’s potential.D. Danger and safety.18.A. They like to stay isolated. B. They prefer danger to safety.C. They want to know their potential.D. They are bored with the traditional ones.19.A. Objective. B. Negative. C. Positive. D. Neutral.20.A. It is interesting and challenging. B. It is dangerous and needs no skills.C. It enables people to face fears.D. It only stimulate individualism.II.Grammar and vocabulary Section ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.A brief history of Chopsticks.We’ve discussed the story of knife and fork, but there’s another set of utensils(器皿) used by billions of people around the world—and it has a truly ancient past. The Chinese have been wielding chopsticks since at least 1200 B.C., and by A.D. 500 chopsticks 21 (sweep) the Asian continent from Vietnam to Japan. From their humble beginnings 22 cooking utensils to paper-wrapped bamboosets at the sushi counter, there's more to chopsticks than meets the eye.Chopsticks 23 (develop) about 5000 years ago in China. The 24 (early) versions were probably twigs used to get food from cooking pots. When resources became scare, around 400 B.C. ,crafty chefs figured out 25 to conserve fuel by chopping food into smaller pieces that required less cooking fuel, and besides, it could be cooked more quickly. This new method of cooking made it unnecessary to have knives at the dinner table—a practice that also matched the non-violent teachings of Confucius ( 孔子),26 expressed in one of his numerous quotations:“ the honorable and upright man keeps well away from both the slaughterhouse(屠宰房) and the kitchen. And he allows no knives on his table.” As a vegetarian, he believed that knives’ sharp points evoked( 诱发) violence 27 (kill) the happy, contented mood that should reign during meals. Thanks in part to his teachings, chopstick use quickly became widespread throughout Asia.Different cultures adopted different chopstick styles. Perhaps in a nod to Confucius, Chinese chopsticks featured a blunt rather than pointed end. In Japan, chopsticks were 8 inches long for men and 7 inches long for women. In 1878 the Japanese became the first 28 (create) the now-ubiquitous disposable set, typically made of bamboo or wood. Wealthy diners could eat with ivory, jade, coral, brass or agate versions, while the most privileged used silver sets. It was believed that the silver would corrode and turn black 29 it came into contact with poisoned food.Throughout history, chopsticks have enjoyed a symbiotic relationship with another staple of Asian cuisine: rice. At first glance, you'd think that rice wouldn't make the cut, but in Asia most rice is of the short- or medium-grain variety. The starches(淀粉质食品) in these rices create a cooked product that is gummy and clumpy, unlike the fluffy and distinct grains of Western long- grain rice. 30 chopsticks come together to lift steaming bundles of sticky rice, it's a match made in heaven.Section BDirections: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once.The “Penny Black”, the first postage stamp issued in Britain and, more importantly, the first postage stamp issued anywhere, 31 the image of Queen Victoria, but the first British postal service didn’t originate in Victoria England. In 1860, William Dockwra started a public service that 32 the quick delivery of a letter anywhere in London. His system was quickly 33 with Dockwra in charge. It was far from a perfect system, 34 with seemingly improper charges that made it unreasonably expensive to send a letter. Worse still, recipients were expected to pay. As you might imagine, this 35 some problems—either people weren’t home or flat—out refused to pay. The system just didn’t work, but it remained in place for far too long.About 50 years later, to do better, Rolland Hill argued for putting an end to the postal charges and replacing them with a single national rate of one penny, which would be paid by the sender. When the post office ignored Hill’s ideas, he self-published his essay and it quickly gained 36 among the public. Hill was then ordered by Postmaster General Lord Lichfield to discuss postal reform and ,during their subsequent meetings, the two men conceived of a gluy 37 that could be applied to the envelops to indicate payment. Though it had gained support with the public who longed for a affordably way to connect with distant friends and family, officials were still not convinced. Thankfully, Hill was far from alone in his passion for reform. He eventually earned enough support from other like-minded individuals to convince Parliament to 38 his system.In 1839, Hill held a competition to design all the postal facility. The winning stamp 39 describing the young queen’s profile came from one William Wyon, who based the design on a medal hecreated to celebrate his first visit to London.The “Penny Black” stamp went on sale on May 1, 1840. It was an immediate 40 . Suddenly, the country seemed a lot smaller. The penny black’s design was so well received that it remained in use for forty year.III.Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.The term “staycation” means vacations that you take at home or near your home rather than traveling to another place. It is is closely connected with less pollution, saving money and not contributing to the overwhelming disorder that takes place in some of the world's most touristic areas.The concept of staycation was born at the time of the 2008 market 41 in the United States. Because of it, many households were forced to 42 their expenses and consequently limit their vacation budget. The shortage of money to travel abroad is at the origin of why many people started to (re) discover their most 43 surroundingsAt the same time, awareness of the 44 impacts of tourism, especially on what concerns the impacts of transportation, started to increase too. And so did the perception that some of the main cities (abroad) are increasingly overloaded with people-- with places such as Barcelona, Venice, or the Seychelles planning on 45 a tourist cap.Staycation appears like a great solution for the 46 above mentioned. It is a great way of spending joyful vacations while helping one's 47 and the environment. 48 , staying close to home eliminates the budget for accommodation and transport.Apart from the financial 49 gained by leaving behind expensive plane tickets or by not booking hotel rooms that aren't cheap, staycation also has the benefit of keeping harmful 50 in the ground. Cars, boats, and planes are not (or are less) used; 51 , other means of transport such as public transport, bicycles, electric scooters or just walking are favored. This allows people's carbon footprints not to 52 as much as they would if long distances had been traveled.A staycation is a form of alternative tourism that is fully in line with the slow tourism trend. Slow tourism invites you to live in the 53 moment. It encourages you to take your time, discover nearby landscapes, reconnect and spend more time outdoors in nature with the people you enjoy, There are no fully-booked days, and there is no 54 to go from one activity to another just to stay busy all the time.Given the multiple 55 of local tourism, you no longer have a reason to be embarrassed at the coffee machine at work when you are asked where you are going on vacation this year.41.A. value B. sector C. crisis D. shares42.A. restrict B. bear C. avoid D. meet43.A. cheerful B. immediate C. polluted D. attractive44.A. limited B. financial C. cultural D. environmental45.A. introducing B. stopping C. postponing D. raising46.A. challenges B. assessment C. tasks D. applications47.A. voyage B. mind C. pocket D. hometown48.A. In addition B. For example C. In fact D. On the contrary49.A. services B. advice C. resources D. savings50.A. emissions B. exposure C. vehicles D. strategies51.A. therefore B. instead C. however D. moreover52.A. last B. fall C. increase D. change53.A. historic B. present C. critical D. climatic54.A. good B. harm C. blame D. rush55.A. advantages B. challenges C. platforms D. themesSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)Brooke Martin’s golden retriever(金毛猎犬) Kayla hated being left alone or separated. She would howl, pace, and chew on things. Brooke learned that other people had the same problem with their pets. She wondered: ―What if you could talk to your dog if you were gone? Working with her father in their garage, the 16-year-old came up with several ideas. Finally, she invented a device that allowed pet owners to video chat with their pets! She calls the device iCPooch. ―The dog doesn’t have to answer the call,explains Brooke. ―It comes up immediately on the screen on their end. It’s a two-way audio and video—you can see and hear each other. With a click of a button you can even send the dog a treat!Her invention has earned her a spot competing against nine other finalists in a young scientist competition for middle-school students. These finalists, selected based on their short video presentations, are working with mentors over the summer before heading to the final competition in St. Paul, Minn.After Martin’s video put her among the 10 finalists in the Discovery Education 3M Young Scientist Challenge, she was paired with Delony Langer-Anderson, a product development scientist in 3M’s consumer health care division. ―I just lead her down the product development path,Langer-Anderson told Live Science. This path includes guidance on how to test the potential product, which combines a video chat device that answers immediately on the dog’s end with a dog treat device the owner can remotely activate.‘One thing I have thought about a lot is, what happens if while the device is on the floor, what if your dog knocks it over, or scratches the screen? ’Martin said. She and Langer-Anderson discussed this, and Martin is now testing materials at a local dog shelter by taping them to the dog house floors to see how well they withstand sharp teeth and claws.The finalists create models they can test, with the guidance from a mentor. Their projects include a fuel cell that transforms cut grass into electricity and an app that rewards drivers for not texting or calling. Langer-Anderson tries to help the students work through the scientific method, testing their hypothesis, ina determined way, ―so the kids don’t get buried in data. she said.56.Which of the following would be the best title of the passage?A. “iCPooch” wins in a young scientist competition.B. A 16-year-old girl invents a device for dog hunger.C. A man-made device lets people chat with their pets.D. A kid-invented device calm dogs’ separation anxiety.57.“iCPooch” calms pet dogs by .A. allowing video chatB. making dogs sleepC. answering the callD. giving them food58.What is the probable meaning of the underlined word “mentor”A. competitorsB. assistantsC. instructorsD. companions59.What do the inventions of the finalists have in common?A. They are all new inventions dealing with pets.B. They are possible solutions to everyday problems.C. They cope with the problems related to computers.D. They are all accomplished through individual work.A.The coin is of high quality and worth collecting.B.The coin can be circulated as a currency.C.Limited supplies guarantee a stable price of the coin.D.Demand for the coin is bound to break records.61.If you buy six 2012 U. S. Mint Silver Eagles by post, you should pay at least_________.A. 230.7B. 233.7C. 240.7D. 243.762.The ad strongly encourages people to purchase the silver coins by _________.A.shopping online B.making a phone callC.lining up in front of the stores D.writing to the company(C)The dream of the flying car could come down to earth soon as several start-ups like Chinese EHANG and Uber are developing so-called “passenger drones(无人机)”—self-flying drones big enough to ferry individual commuters around town—which could shrink commute(上下班往返) times from hours to minutes.At first glance, human-carrying drones sound no more realistic than flying cars. Until recently inventors had never been able to marry automobiles and aircraft in a practical way. Yet a few companies have kept at it: Woburn, for example, has since 2006 been developing Transition, a “roadable aircraft” that resembles a small airplane that can fold its wings and drive on roads. A personal flying car in every garage has proved to be a tough sell, however, as there are serious safety concerns about asking the average commuter to train for a pilot’s license and take to the skies.Passenger drones, by contrast, would operate autonomously and leave the “roadable” part behind in favor of larger versions of aircraft that already exist. Passenger drone designs favor “distributed electric propulsion(推进),” meaning instead of one large rotor powered by a large engine they have multiple propellers each powered by its own, smaller motor. This sacrifices lifting power and flight performance in exchange for mechanical simplicity and lighter weight—factors that could make them cheaper to operate. Quieter electric power would make the noise tolerable to city residents, although it remains to be seen how much weight such a vehicle could lift, and for how long.With any of these vehicles, safety is the biggest concern and extends to both the aircraft and the automated systems flying them. Advanced artificial intelligence is needed to fly large numbers of autonomous aircraft without crashing them into one another or, say, the local news channel’s traffic helicopter. Carrying people from points A to B seems simple enough, but even the best AI struggles with surprises: What, for example, would a drone do if a landing area suddenly became unavailable? asks Sanjiv Singh, a Carnegie Mellon University robotics researcher. Instead of leaping to fully automated passenger drones, he suggests first testing the necessary AI in unmanned cargo(货物)runs, and adopting a “mixed mode” approach in early passenger services where pilots are assisted by AI co-pilots.Technical challenges aside, start-ups promoting the technology will have to find a way to convince the public to give their drones a whirl, something that requires a much bigger leap of faith than getting into the backseat of a self-driving car. Passenger drone makers are “obviously still in the incubation(孵化) stages of technology development and improving the basics,” says Mike Hirschberg, executive director of the American Helicopter Society International. “But 20 or 30 years from now life may be a little like The Jetsons where you take advantage of the third dimension and have much more mobility, especially in urban close quarters where ground transportation is gridlocked.”The passenger drone progress may follow a sloping takeoff rather than vertical leap. Carnegie Mellon’s Singh sees a long road ahead filled with lots of testing, analysis, regulation and efforts to win the public’s trust before the technology becomes a viable transportation option. “There is the danger of someone moving too fast and then having a problem that sets the industry back for some time,” he says.63.Personal flying cars have failed to gain popularity among households mainly because ___________..A.people don’t have the courage to take the cars to the air.B.people are unwilling to train for a pilot’s license.C.people worry that they may not be qualified to fly the cars safely.D.it is practically impossible to combine cars and aircraft together.64.Which of the following is NOT an advantage of passenger drones?A.It can lift more weight.B. It is lighter in weight.C. It makes less noise.D. It is simpler in mechanical design.65.What is Hirschberg’s attitude towards passenger drones?A.disapprovingB. neutralC. skepticalD. cautiously optimistic66.We can learn from the passage that .A.artificial intelligence can easily tackle the problems occurring in air traffic.B.human pilots in autonomous aircraft will endanger the safety of passengers.C.the passenger drone industry will make major breakthroughs in the near future.D.the public’s distrust may hinder the development of passenger drones.Section CDirections: Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.Boxing is a popular sport that many people seem to be fascinated by. Newspapers, magazines and sports programmes on TV frequently cover boxing matches. Professional boxers earn a lot of money, and successful boxers are treated as big heroes.It seems to me that people, especially men, find it appealing because it is an aggressive sport. When they watch a boxing match, they can identify with the winning boxer, and this gives them the feeling of being a winner themselves. It is a fact that many people have feeling of aggression from time to time, but they cannot show their aggression in their everyday lives. 67However, there is a negative side to boxing . 68 Although boxers wear gloves during the fights, and amateur boxers even have to wear helmets , there have frequently been accident in both professional and amateur boxing , sometimes with dramatic consequences . Boxers have suffered from head injuries, and occasionally , fighters have even been killed as a result of being knocked out in the ring.69 Sometimes even if a boxer has never been knocked out, he might have suffered severe brain damage without knowing it.70 I think it would be better if less time was given to aggressive sports on TV, and we welcomed more men and women from non-aggressive sports as our heroes and heroines in our society. I believe that the world is aggressive enough already ! Of course , people like competitive sports , and so do I , but I think that hitting other people in an aggressive way is not something that should be regarded as a sport.IV.Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Students who have used electronic cigarettes by the time they start ninth grade are more likely than others to start smoking traditional cigarettes and other tobacco products within the next year, according to a new study funded by the National Institutes of Health. Electronic cigarettes, or e-cigarettes, deliver nicotine to the lungs by heating a liquid solution that contains nicotine and other chemicals to produce a spray that the user takes in.As part of a survey of substance use and mental health among high school students in Los Angeles, the study compared the start of tobacco use among 222 students who had used e- cigarettes, but not any other tobacco products, and 2,308 who had neither used e-cigarettes or any other tobacco products when initially surveyed at the start of ninth grade. The 2,530 students who initially reported never using tobacco underwent follow-up assessments after six and 12 months. Students were asked about lifetime and past six-month use of e-cigarettes or any other forms of tobacco products.During the first six months after being surveyed, 30.7 percent of those who had used e- cigarettes started using tobacco products, such as cigarettes, and cigars, compared to only 8.1 percent of those who had never used e-cigarettes. Over the following six months leading into the start of 10th grade, 25.2 percent of e-cigarette users had used tobacco products, compared to just 9.3 percent of nonusers.“While teen tobacco use has fallen in recent years, this study confirms that we should continue to closely watch teen smoking patterns,” said NIDA Director Nora D. V olkow, M.D. “Parents and teens should recognize that although e-cigarettes might not have the same harmful effects of regular cigarettes, they do carry a risk of addiction.”“Recreational e-cigarette use is becoming increasingly popular among teens who have never smoked tobacco,” said Adam M. Leventhal, Ph.D., the first author on the study. “While we cannot conclude that e-cigarette use directly leads to smoking, this research raises concerns that recent increases in youth e-cigarette use could ultimately lead to the spread of smoking- related illness."V.TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.72.在线课程是否能满足不同层次学生的需求,尚不明朗。