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形容词：考点一：形容词的基本用法1. 形容词的作用及位置说明人或事物的性质、特征或状态，常用来修饰名词或者不定代词的词叫形容词。
（1) 作定语，修饰名词放在名词之前，修饰复合不定代词放在不定代词之后。
如：①He has long straight brown hair and big eyes. 他有长而直的棕色头发和大眼睛。
②) Did you do anything interesting last weekend? 上周末你做了什么有趣的事情了吗？（2) 作表语，放在系动词之后。
如：She knows hamburgers are not good for her, but they taste good. 她知道汉堡包对自己没有好处，但是它们很美味。
（3) 作宾语补足语，放在宾语之后，常与make、leave、keep、find等动词连用。
如：There we put up our tents and made a fire to keep us warm. 在那里，我们搭起帐篷，堆起了，堆来保持温暖。
2. 形容词的名词化某些形容词放在定冠词之后，相当于名词，表示一类人，常见词有good/bad、rich/poor、young old等。
如：The young should be polite to the old. 年轻人应该对老人有礼貌。
3. 形容词的排列顺序当名词由两个以上的形容词和一些具有形容词功能的限定词修饰时，这些词的顺序通常遵循一定的规则，一般不得随意调换，也不能依照汉语的习惯去排列。
通常可按下面的顺序排列：（1) 限定词，包括：冠词、指示代词、形容词性物主代词、名词所有格、数词等。
（2) 表示观点的描述性形容词，如：beautiful、fine、interesting等。
（3) 表示大小、长短、高低等的形容词，如：tall、high、small、little、round等。
2024年初中英语语法学习之形容词、副词比较等级的用法(1) 原级：①表示甲与乙在某一方面程度相等，基本句型是“as+形容词或副词原形+as”。
如：I think swimming is as interesting as cycling. Tom runs as fast as Mike. ②表示甲在某一方面不及乙，基本句型是“not as/so+形容词或副词原形+as”。
如：Amy is not as tall as Peter. She didn’t e as/so early as you.(2) 比较级：①表示两者（人或事物）比较，两方中一方超过另一方，基本句型是“形容词或副词的比较级+than（在形容词、副词的比较级前，可以用much, a little/bit, far, even, any等来修饰）”。
如：Sandy’s hair is longer than Millie’s hair. A car goes faster than a bike. ②表示本身的程度改变，不与其他事物相比，基本句型是“形容词或副词的比较级+形容词或副词的比较级或more and more+多音节形容词或副词”。
如：The nights are getting shorter and shorter. Our school is getting more and more beautiful.(3) 最高级：表示三者或三者以上（人或事物）比较，其中某一方程度最高，基本句型是“the+形容词或副词的最高级+（名词）+表示比较范围的介词短语（in+集体名词或of+个体名词的复数）或从句”。
如：He is the tallest boy in my class. Lin Tao jumped (the ) highest of the three. This is the best film that I have ever seen.常见相似副词的区别(1) hard与hardly：hard努力地；hardly几乎不。
初中英语语法梳理和提升——形容词和副词讲解试题形容词和副词一、形容词：用来修饰名词，表示人或事物的性质、状态和特征的词，叫形容词。
对名词起修饰和描绘作用形容词的作用，见下表：注意：1. 有些形容词只能作表语，如：alone, afraid, asleep 等。
例如：Don't wake the sleeping baby up. He is asleep.The old man is alone.2. 形容词用来修饰something, anything, nothing, everything等不定代词，要放在这些词的后面。
例如：You'd better tell us something interesting.The police found nothing strange in the room.3. 多个形容词做定语时排列的先后顺序是：1）冠词或人称代词 2）数词 3）性质 4）大小 5）形状 6）表示老少，新旧 7）颜色 8）事务、质地、人的国籍、用途。
His grandpa still lives in this small short house.他爷爷还住在这个矮小的房子里。
The woman bought two beautiful Chinese plates. 那个妇女买了两个漂亮的中国盘子。
4. 形容词名词化：有些形容词前加定冠词后变成名词，表示一类人，谓语常用复数。
这类词有：rich / poor；good / bad ; young / old ; healthy / ill ; living / dead ; black / white (表示人种等)。
例如：The young should take good care of the old. 年轻人应该好好照顾老人。
The rich never help the poor in this country. 在这个国家，富人从来不协助穷人。
初中英语语法-形容词讲解形容词是英语中非常重要的一类词汇，用来描述名词的特征或性质。
形容词可以在句子中作为定语、表语、宾语补足语等，起到了丰富句子意义和表达更多信息的作用。
形容词的基本特点- 形容词通常出现在名词前面，用来描述名词的特征。
- 形容词可以有不同的程度和比较级，如原级、比较级和最高级。
- 形容词的单数形式和复数形式一般没有变化。
- 形容词可以被修饰副词来强调程度或修饰其他形容词。
形容词的用法形容词作定语形容词经常作为定语，用来描述名词的特征。
例如：- a beautiful flower（一个美丽的花）- the big house（大房子）形容词作表语形容词可以作为表语，用来说明主语的状态、特征或性质。
例如：- She is happy.（她很开心。
）- The car looks new.（这辆车看起来很新。
）形容词作宾语补足语形容词也可以作为宾语补足语，用来描述宾语。
例如：- I find the movie interesting.（我觉得这部电影很有趣。
）- They made him angry.（他们让他生气了。
）形容词的比较级和最高级形容词比较级形容词可以用来比较两个事物的程度或大小。
- 一般情况下，我们在形容词后面加上-er来表示比较级。
- 如果形容词以字母e结尾，只需加-r，不需要再加e。
- 如果形容词以辅音字母+y结尾，要将y变为i，再加-er。
- 有些形容词的比较级形式需要变化，如good（好）- better（更好）、bad（坏）- worse（更差）等。
例如：- This book is longer than that book.（这本书比那本书长。
）- She is taller than her sister.（她比她姐姐高。
）形容词最高级形容词可以用来表示三个或三个以上事物之间的最高程度或大小。
- 一般情况下，我们在形容词前面加上the和-est来表示最高级。
初中英语语法专项练习题一、名词冠词1.-What can I do for you? -I'd like two .A. box of appleB. boxes of applesC. box of applesD. boxes of apple2.Help yourself to .A.some chickensB. a chickenC. some chickenD. any chicken3. it is today!A.What fine weatherB. What a fine weatherC. How a fine weatherD. How fine a weather4.Which is the way to the ?A.shoe factoryB. shoes factoryC. shoe's factoryD. shoes' factory5.This class now. Miss Gao teaches them.A.are studyingB. is studyingC. be studyingD. studying6.We will have a holiday after the exam.A.two monthB. two-monthC. two month'sD. two-months 7.trees are cut down in the forests every year.A. ThousandB. ThousandsC. Thousand ofD. Thousands of8.Our sports meeting will be held .A.on 24, Tuesday, AprilB. in April 24, TuesdayC. on Tuesday, April 24D. in April Tuesday 249. people here are very friendly to us.A.TheB. /C. AD. An10.There is no enough in the corner to put the table.A. placeB. roomC. floorD. ground冠词专项练习(推荐)A(1)Han Meimei is Chinese girl. Lucy is English girl.A. a; aB. an; anC. a; anD. an; a(2) A little boy wrote "U" and "n" on the wall.A. a; anB. an; aC. an; anD. a; a(3) old lady in brown is university professor.A. An; aB. An; /C. The; anD. The; a(4)There are sixty minutes in hour.A. anB. theC. aD. /(5)This is interesting book and it is also useful one.A. an; anB. an; theC. ah; aD. a; a(6) A computer is useful tool in 'o world today.A. an; theB. a; theC. the; theD. a; aB(1)We have never seen interesting film.A. suchB. such anC. soD. such a(2)Mrs Smith is friend ofA. the; mineB. a; meC. the; myD. a; mine(3)He is boy.A. a seven-years-oldB. an eight-year-oldC. the seven-year-oldD. an eight-year-older(4)Fsaw accident in the street yesterday.A. theB. aC. anD. /(5)Now he is artist. 1 have known him since he was one-year -old boy.A. a; anB. a; aC. an; anD. an; aC(1). Which bigger elephant or horse?A. a; theB. an; aC. the; anD. an; the(2)monkey can climb trees.A. /; theB. A; /C. The; aD. /; /(3) rains are faster than buses.A. /; /B. The; /C. /; theD. The; a(4)-Have you learned German?-Yes. It's language I've ever learned.A. a quite difficult B: quite a difficultC. difficult quiteD. difficult a quite(5)Some animals, like cat, dog or wolf, do not need t o hibernate (冬眠).A. /; /; theB. the; the; theC. a; /; the ,D. the; /; /D(1)Yesterday we held talk with them in the hall.A. theB. thisC. aD. an(2)My mother had fever, so I had to look after her.A a B. the C, / D. this(3)Looking at, he took deep breath.A. /B. aC. thatD. its(4)I usually go out for walk after tea;A: a; / B. /; the C. a; a D. the; a(5)After that they had sleep.A. a night goodB. a night's goodC. a good nightD. a good night'sE(1)It is since we last time.A. long time; metB. a long time; meetC. a long time; metD. the long time; meet(2)There came great noise. It frightened us.A. theB. aC. /D. that(3)It is pleasure to work with these workers.A. anB. /C. aD. this(4)After quick breakfast I hurried to school.A. /; / -rB. a; /C. the; the -D. the; /F(1)This is egg. egg is big.A. a; AB. an; AnC. a; TheD. an; The(2)There is 'W in word "map".A. a; anB. an; aC. an; theD. a; the(3)Here is basket. basket is mine.A. a; TheB. the; An.C. a; AD. the; A(4)There is bridge over there. bridge is made of wood.A. the; TheB. a; AC. the; AD. a; The(5)He ordered book some time ago and now book has arriv ed.A. a; aB. the; aC. the; theD. a; theG(1)She saw English film last Sunday. But she can not remember name of film.A. an; a; aB. a; the; aC. an; the; aD. an; the; the(2)There is old man under tree.A. an; theB. the; aC. a; theD. an; /(3)-What was yesterday?-November 24.A.dateB. the dateC. dayD. the day(4)We shall visit your country in coming year.A. aB. theC. oneD. that(5)Mother does most of at home.A. cleaningB. a cleanC. the cleaningD. cleanH(1)-Whose room is that?-It's .A. the twins'B. of Lucy and LilyC. of the twinsD. the twins(2)I'm busy .A. at the momentB. at that momentC. in a momentD. just a moment(3) book is very useful. I bought it from unknown little town.A. A; aB. The; aC. A; anD. The; an(4)English is interesting subject for most of students.A. the; anB. the; theC. an; /D. an; the(5) girl in Grade Three is tallest in our school.A. The; the; theB. A; a; aC. The; /; theD. A; /; aI(1)Mr White lives on floor.A. the fifteenB. fifteenC. the fifteenthD. fifteenth(2) A boy named Ding Wei kicked a goal early of the match.A. in the one halfB. in the first halfC. for the first halfD. for half one(3)He has tried twice, and the captain asks him to have third try .A. theB. aC. anotherD. Other(4)China is one of oldest countries in world.A. the; theB. the; /C. a; aD. an; the(5)Mary is only girl who has been to American.A. aB. the fc. an D. /参考答案：1.1-6 C A D A C B2.1-5 B D B C D3.1-5 B B A B B4.1-5 C A B A D5.1-4 C B C B6.1-5 D C A D D7.1-5 D A B B C8.1-5 A A D D C9.1-5 C B B A B二、代词课堂例题讲解正误辨析［误］Tom's mother is taller than my.［正］Tom's mother is taller than mine.［析］形容词性物主代词可以作定语，也就是讲它可以作形容词，如：my book，而这句话的意思是：汤姆的妈妈比我的妈妈高。
形容词和副词的比较级和最高级一.形容词和副词的比较级和最高级的变化方法如下(1) 符合规则的：(2)几个不规则的形容词和副词的比较级和最高级如下表：二．形容词和副词比较级的用法注意：有些形容词，如 dead, empty, round, sure, woolen 等受本身含义的限制，没有比较级。
例题解读1. He is ________ friends than I.A. much moreB. many moreC. very moreD. too more解读：后面有可数名词复数时，many的比较级形式为many more 修饰。
应选B.2. Which is the _________ country, Japan or Australia?A. more developedB. more developingC. most developedD. most developing解读：两者比较用比较级，表示"发达"用developed, 而developing 是"发展中的" 意思3． There were _______ shops in the city in 1982 than in 1990.A. littleB. fewC. fewerD. less解读：little 不能修饰可数名词，两者比较需用比较级，所以应选C.4. If you are not free today, come another day __________.A. tooB. soC. insteadD. yet解读：instead 作副词用时意为"代替，顶替"，表示前面的事情没做，而是做了后面的事。
Instead一般位于句首。
应选C.5．He can't tell us ________, I think.A. important anythingB. anything importantC. important somethingD. something important.解读：不定代词与形容词联用需后置，否定句中应该用anything而不是something. 因此应选B6. The Huang River is the second __________ river in our country.A. longB. longerC. longestD. the longest解读："定冠词the+ 序数词+ 形容词最高级" 表示"第几大……" 应选C.7. The light in the office wasn't ________for him to read.A. enough brightB. bright enoughC. brightlyD. enough brightly解读：enough修饰名词时可前可后，修饰形容词或副词时，要后置。
1．形容词的用法：形容词是指用来修饰、说明名词或不定代词，表示人或物的性质、特征和状态。
一般放在它所修饰的名词前作定语，也可独立作表语或宾语补足语等。
i. 作定语：This is an interesting story. Kitty is a clever cat.ii. 作表语：Yao Ming is very tall. Our classroom is big and bright.iii. 作宾语补足语：Don't make your hands dirty. We're trying to make our school beautiful.注意：a. 有些形容词只能作表语。
如：alone, afraid, asleep等。
如：That old man feels alone because his children are out. I'm afraid he can't come.b. 形容词与不定代词something, anything, nothing, everything等连用时，要放在这些词后面。
如：There is something wrong with my DVD machine. It's nothing serious.c. 某些形容词可以和定冠词连用，表示一类人或事物，其作用相当于一个名词。
如：the young(年轻人)，the poor(穷人), the rich(富人)d. 如果有两个以上的形容词修饰同一个名词时，其前后排列顺序一般如下：限定词(a/the, this/some/her……)+数量词(先序数词后基数词)+观点+大小+形状+新旧+颜色+产地+材料+名词。
如：a big old German computer2.副词的用法：副词是用来修饰动词、形容词、其他副词或整个句子，有时也能修饰名词，表示时间、地点、方式、程度、动作、频度等，在句中主要用作状语。
1．形容词的用法：形容词是指用来修饰、说明名词或不定代词，表示人或物的性质、特征和状态。
一般放在它所修饰的名词前作定语，也可独立作表语或宾语补足语等。
i. 作定语：This is an interesting story. Kitty is a clever cat.ii. 作表语：Yao Ming is very tall. Our classroom is big and bright.iii. 作宾语补足语：Don't make your hands dirty. We're trying to make our school beautiful.注意：a. 有些形容词只能作表语。
如：alone, afraid, asleep等。
如：That old man feels alone because his children are out. I'm afraid he can't come.b. 形容词与不定代词something, anything, nothing, everything等连用时，要放在这些词后面。
如：There is something wrong with my DVD machine. It's nothing serious.c. 某些形容词可以和定冠词连用，表示一类人或事物，其作用相当于一个名词。
如：the young(年轻人)，the poor(穷人), the rich(富人)d. 如果有两个以上的形容词修饰同一个名词时，其前后排列顺序一般如下：限定词(a/the, this/some/her……)+数量词(先序数词后基数词)+观点+大小+形状+新旧+颜色+产地+材料+名词。
如：a big old German computer2.副词的用法：副词是用来修饰动词、形容词、其他副词或整个句子，有时也能修饰名词，表示时间、地点、方式、程度、动作、频度等，在句中主要用作状语。
i. 副词修饰动词，告诉我们动作是怎样进行的，什么时候进行或者在什么地方发生的，一般位于动词之后。
如：They went to the park early yesterday. We must study hard.ii. 副词修饰形容词或副词，则告诉我们这些形容词或副词的程度如何，一般位于这些词前。
如：Michael Jordan jumps very high.Dai Yuqiang sings quite well.注意：a.副词表示频度修饰动词时，位于连系动词和助动词之后，行为动词之前。
如：Mr. Wang usually comes to school on foot. The boy is often ill.b. already和yet的区别：already用于陈述句，一般用于句中，但不能和时间状语放在一起，译为“已经”;yet用来谈某事在预料之中，用于疑问句时译为“已经”，但用在否定句中则译为“尚未，还没有”，一般都放于句末。
如：The train has already arrived. I have already read the book.Have you found your book yet? I have not finished my homework yet.c. ever用于疑问句或带if的肯定句中或含hardly等否定意义的肯定句中，表示“曾经”一般要放在动词前面;它不用于现在完成时的简略回答，而要用Yes, I have或No, never表示。
如：The old man hardly ever goes out. (hardly ever 可译为：几乎从不)“Have you ever been to the new library?” “No, never”.3.形容词与副词的相互转变：形容词是用来修饰名词，副词是用来修饰动词，形容词或其它副词，它们在具体应用中可以互相转化，规律如下：a. 在形容词词尾直接加-ly，构成副词。
如：usual-usually, bad-badly等。
[注]：不是所有以-ly结尾的单词都是副词，某些名词后加-ly可以转化为形容词。
如：sisterly, brotherly, friendly, comradely, lovely等。
b. 以“辅音字母+y”结尾的单词，变y为i，再加-ly，如：heavy-heavily, happy-happily等，并且要注意这些单词的变化：polite-politely, true-truly, terrible-terribly等。
形容词的比较级和最高级的构成绝大多数形容词有三种形式，原级，比较级和最高级。
用以表示形容词说明的性质在程度上的不同。
形容词的原级：形容词的原级形式就是词典中出现的形容词的原形。
如: poor、tall、great、glad、bad 等。
形容词的比较级和最高级：形容词的比较级和最高级形式是在形容词的原级形式的基础上变化的。
分为规则变化和不规则变化两类。
规则变化如下:1、单音节形容词的比较级和最高级形式是在词尾加-er 和-est 构成。
如：great (原级) - greater (比较级) - greatest (最高级)2、以-e 结尾的单音节形容词的比较级和最高级是在词尾加-r 和-st 构成。
如：wide (原级) -wider (比较级) - widest (最高级)3、少数以-y, -er, -ow, -ble结尾的双音节形容词的比较级和最高级是在词尾加-er 和-est 构成。
如：clever(原级) - cleverer (比较级) - cleverest (最高级)4、以-y 结尾,但-y 前是辅音字母的形容词的比较级和最高级是把-y 去掉,加上-ier 和-est 构成.如：happy (原级) - happier (比较级) - happiest (最高级)5、以一个辅音字母结尾其前面的元音字母发短元音的形容词的比较级和最高级是双写该辅音字母然后再加-er和-est。
如：big (原级) - bigger (比较级) - biggest (最高级)6、某些双音节和多音节形容词的比较级和最高级需用more 和most 加在形容词前面来构成。
如：careful (原级) - more careful (比较级) - most careful (比较级)beautiful (原级) - more beautiful (比较级) - most beautiful (比较级)difficult (原级) - more difficult (最高级) - most difficult (最高级)[注]：形容词前若加上less 和least 则表示“较不”和“最不” 。
如：important 重要less important 较不重要least important 最不重要常用的不规则变化的形容词的比较级和最高级：比较级用法：1.基本句式A．主语+谓语（系动词）+形容词比较级+than+对比成分B．主语+谓语（行为动词）+副词比较级+than+对比成分例如：This room is bigger than that one. 这间房比那间大。
He writes more carefully than I do. 他写东西比我认真。
2.比较级前面可加表示优劣程度或差别的词或者短语，意思是“更……”、“……的多”。
常用的词有：even,yet, much, a little, a great deal等。
例如：You are even more beautiful than before. 你比以前漂亮多了。
Tom sings even better than Jack. 汤姆唱歌比杰克更好。
3.注意不可弄错比较对象。
My schoolbag is lager than he.（误）My schoolbag is lager than his. (正)最高级用法：1.三个或三个以上的人或者事物进行比较时，用最高级。
基本句式：A：主语+谓语（系动词）+the+形容词最高级+（名词）+表示范围的短语（常见的介词有：in，of，among……）或从句。
B：主语+谓语（行为动词）+副词最高级+（名词）+表示范围的短语或从句。
例如：He is the tallest (student) in our class. 他是班上个子最高的一个。
This is the best book that I’ve ever seen. 这是我所读过的最好的一本书。
Peter jumped (the) farthest of all the boys. 在所有男孩中彼得跳的最远。
形容词、副词比较级的重难点一、"as + adj. / adv. + as" 或"not so (as ) + adj. / adv. + as"句型。
该句型常用来描述两个比较对象在程度上的相似或不同之处(即平时说的"等级比较和不等级比较")。
如：The building is as high as that tower. 这座大楼和那座塔一样高。
My computer is not so(as) expensive as yours. 我的电脑不如你的贵重。
二、"as many / few + 可数名词复数+ as"或" as much / little + 不可数名词+ as "结构。
前者描述数目上的接近;后者描述量的相近。
如：You may borrow as many books as you can.你能借多少书就借多少。
"Drink as much water as you can," the doctor said to him.医生对他说："你要尽可能地多喝些水。
"三、"主语+ 比较级+ than any other +可数名词单数"或"主语+ 比较级+ than the other 可数名词复数"的结构表示：主语所描述的事物比其它(任何一个)都......"。
用比较级形式表示最高级含义。
如：Shanghai is larger than any other city in China.上海是中国最大的城市。
Li Ming is much cleverer than any other student in their class. 李明是他们班中最聪明的学生。
