新版新目标英语八年级下册unit3知识点总结
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新目标人教版英语八年级下册u n i t3知识点+练习题-CAL-FENGHAI.-(YICAI)-Company One1Unit3 Could you please clean your room?Section A(1a-2d)学习目标:1.掌握1a-2d的词语2.学习提出礼貌的请求和请求允许;3.学会使用句型:Could you please...和Could I...;4.学习重点:掌握一些家务活动相关的动词短语。
掌握情态动词could的用法和助动词do的用法。
5.学习难点:掌握情态动词could的用法和助动词do的用法【一】自主学习明确目标1 试读单词,解决语音问题,联系有关旧单词2 查阅下面的短语动词1) 出去吃饭_______________ 2)在外面待到很晚_______________3)去看电影_______________ 4)搭车_______________5)完成做某事_______________ 6)干净整洁_______________ 7)洗餐具_______________ 8)倒垃圾_______________9)叠衣服_______________ 10)扫地_______________ 3.观察以上词组的构成方式:【语言点】1. —Peter, could you please take out the trash请你把垃极倒掉好吗—Sure, Mom.可以,妈妈。
—Could you please do the dishes 请洗盘子好吗—Sorry, I can’t. I have to do my homework.抱歉,我不能。
我得做作业。
(1)在表示请求帮助或请求允许的疑问句中,常用could代替can,以表示礼貌,委婉或不确定的语气,而can则不具备这些语气。
这种情况下不能把could看作can的过去式。
以上两句中用could是为了表示礼貌的请求。
Unit 3 What were you doing when the UFO arrived?主备:王春影(黄鱼圈中学)校对:一、教材分析本单元主要是通过大家都非常感兴趣的UFO 来引入过去发生的事情。
学会运用英语来表达过去进行时。
学会由when和while引导的状语从句。
并且需要用过去进行时来讲述故事。
培养学生热爱科学,探索科学的精神。
二、目标引导(一)重点词汇cut bought land got follow did climb jump shout rode ran met happen heard murder rang told close destroy became flew kill bathroom bedroom kitchen alien shirt experience cat accident plane murder playground bell silence meaning flight hero earth anywhere around strange scared modern bright recent UFO well while(二)重点短语1.barber shop 理发店2.get out 出去,离开3.take off 起飞4.train station 火车站5.run away 逃跑,跑掉6.come in 进来7.hear about 听说8.take place 发生9.as…as 像…一样10.get out of 出来11.cut hair 理发12.sleep late 睡懒觉13.isn’t that amazing 这一切岂不令人难以置信14.think about 想起15.in history 在历史上16.ask sb. to stop 让某人停下来17.in silence 沉默18.in more recent times 就在当今时代19.national hero 民族英雄20.everyday activities 日常活动21.all over the world 全世界(三)重点句型1.What were you doing when the UFO arrived ?2.While the boy was walking down the street ,the UFO landed.(四)语法:现在完成进行时1.一般过去时态2.过去进行时态3.以when / while 引导的状语从句(五)话题Talk about past interesting events and tell stories (谈论过去有趣的事件及讲故事)三、重难点解读1.过去进行时的构成(1)过去进行时表示过去某一时刻或者某段时间正在进行的动作,常和表示过去的时间状语连用,由“助动词was / were + 动词的现在分词”构成,其基本形式如下:肯定式:主语+ was / were + V -ing.否定式:主语+ was not(wasn’t)/ were not(weren’t)+ v -ing.一般疑问式:Was / Were +主语+ v -ing?特殊疑问式:疑问词+ was / were + 主语+ v -ing?(2)常与过去进行时连用的时间状语有:at that time / moment, at this time yesterday / last night / Sunday / week …, at + 时刻+ yesterday / last night / Sunday … , from + 某时刻+ to + 某时刻+ 表过去的时间,when引导的表示过去某时刻的从句的等。
人教新目标八年级英语下册Unit 3 单元知识梳理及重难点讲练知识梳理词汇:stress (n. 精神压力;心理负担) — stressed (adj. 有压力的)depend (v. 依靠;依赖) — dependent (adj. 依靠的) — dependence (n. 依赖) independent (adj. 独立的) — independence (n. 独立)fair (adj. 合理的;公正的) — fairness (n. 公正性;合理性)unfair (adj. 不合理的;不公正的) — unfairness (n. 不合理;不公正)neighbor (n. 邻居) — neighborhood (n. 社区)短语:do the dishes 洗餐具take out the rubbish 倒垃圾fold the clothes 叠衣服sweep the floor 扫地clean the living room 打扫客厅make the bed 铺床at least 至少;起码hang out 闲逛do chores 做家务throw down 扔下any minute now 随时,马上;在任何时候in surprise 惊讶地;吃惊地in a mess 杂乱不堪;陷入困境come over 过来;来访all the time 频繁;反复as soon as 一……就……the minute (that) —……就…… hate doing / to do sth. 讨厌做某事as...as... 像……一样…… a waste of 浪费……in order to 目的是;为了depend on 依靠;信赖have no idea 不知道in fairness 说句公道话take care of 照顾;处理as a result 结果fall ill 生病get a ride 搭车用法总结:Could you please...? 能请你……吗?finish doing sth. 完成做某事neither + be动词/ 助动词/ 情态动词+ 主语……也不make sb. (not) do sth. 使某人(不)做某事let sb. do sth. 让某人做某事spend time/money on sth. 在某事/物上花费时间/金钱provide sb. with sth.= provide sth. for sb. 为某人提供某物there is no need for sb. to do sth. 某人没有必要做某事The + 比较级,the + 比较级越……,越……do one's part in (doing) sth. 尽自己的职责做某事It + be + 名词(短语) + to do sth. 做某事是……It + be + 形容词+ for sb. to do sth. 对某人来说,做某事是……的。
重点短语1.do the dishes=wash the dishes 洗碗碟2.take out the rubbish 把垃圾拿出去3.fold your clothes叠衣服4.sweep the floor清扫地板5.make your / the bed 铺床6.clean the living room打扫起居室7.No problem.没问题8.go out for dinner.出去吃饭9.stay out late = stay up 熬夜10.g et a ride 开车兜风give sb a ride 让某人搭便车11.h elp out with 给予什么帮助12.b e back = come back 回来13.c ome over to sp 顺便拜访某地;drop in on sb顺便拜访某人14.a sk in surprise惊奇地问=be surprised to ask15.n either of 两者中没有一个(作主语谓语常用单数)--both of16.a s soon as 一……就……as soon as possible尽可能快17.g et something to drink/ eat弄些喝的东西18.h ang out with…同……一起闲逛(hang 过去式hung)19.C ould you please do…? (礼貌请求)你可以做……吗?20.C ould I please do…? (征求意见)我可以做……吗?21.c lean the living room打扫起居室22.d o some washing/ shopping/ cleaning洗衣服/ 购物/ 做清洁23.s tay out late/ until nine呆到很晚/ 呆到9点钟=stay up 熬夜24.g ive me a ride to town开车送我到镇上25.n eed to do something需要做……26.d o one’s part in doing sth尽自己的职责做某事play a part in doing sth 参与干某事do one’s best to do sth尽自己最大努力干某事27.h elp out with a few things帮助做些事情28.a t least 至少29.f inish doing something完成做……30.b e/ come back from shopping购物回来31.a ny minute/ second/ moment now随时;立刻,马上32.i nvite sb sp 邀请某人去某地invite sb to do sth =sb be invitedto do sth邀请某人干什么invite(名词)invitationThanks for inviting me.= Thanks for your invitation.33.b e angry with sb对某人生气be angry at st h因某事而生气34.s olve the problem解决问题35.t hrow down my bag扔下我的书包36.t he minute/ as soon as / the moment I sat down我一坐下就37.t ake the dog for a walk= walk dog溜狗38.r eplied angrily生气地回答39.a ll the time一直40.n ever help out around the house从没帮助做家务41.w ork all day工作一整天42.d o housework all evening整晚做家务43.s hout back吼回去44.f ind the house clean and tidy发现房间干净又整洁【find / make / feel + it +形容词+ to do sth】45.s hare the housework分担家务46.a clean and comfortable home一个干净又舒服的家47.n either of us我们两个都不48.p ass me the salt= pass the salt to me把盐递给我49.b orrow sth from sb= borrow sb sth.从某人那里借某物【borrow 的持续性动词为keep –过去分词kept】50.l end sth to sb= lend sb sth把某物借给某人51.h ate to do/doing something讨厌做……52.e nough stress from school来自于学校的足够的压力53.b e / get stressed out有压力;紧张54.a waste of their time时间的浪费55.s pend … on/ doing sth花时间在……上56.i n order (not)to do something为了做(不做)……57.g et into a good university进好大学58.t here is no need for sb to do something对于某人来说没必要做59.d epend on 依靠……(常接whether引导的宾语从句,不用if)60.d evelop children’s independence 养成孩子的独立(习惯)61.a developing country 一个发展中国家62.a developed country 一个发达国家63.t he idea of fairness公平意识64.f all ill(短暂性)生病=be ill (持续性)65.g rades dropped成绩下降66.a s a result结果;as a result of =because of 因为;由于67.i t’s fair/ unfair for children to do something对于孩子来说,做……是公平的/ 不公平的。
新目标八年级下册Unit 3 Could you please clean your room?讲义一、词性转换Section A1.sweep →(pt.)swept2.throw →(pt.) threw3.fold→(pt.) folded Section B1. lend →(pt.) lent2. hate →(pt.) hated3. stress →(v.) stress4. waste →(v.) waste5. provide →(pt.) provided6. depend→(pt.)depended7. independence →(adj.) independent8. fairness →(adj.) fair9. unfair →(反义词)fair二、短语归纳1. do the dishes 洗餐具2. take out the rubbish倒垃圾3. fold your clothes叠衣服4. sweep the floor 扫地5. make your/the bed 整理床铺6. go out for dinner 出去吃饭7. throw down 扔下8.in surprise 惊讶地9. hang out 闲逛10. hate to do sth. 讨厌做某事11. do chores 做杂务12.enough stress足够的压力13. in order to为了14. provide sth. for sb.向某人提供某物15. get good grades取得好成绩16.mind doing sth. 介意做某事17. depend on依赖;依靠18. look after 照顾,照看19. keep it clean and tidy保持它干净整洁20. get into 进入21. take care of 照顾22. as a result 结果23. do one’ s part in (doing )sth. 做某人分内的事24. get a ride 搭车25.stay out late在外面待到很晚三、句型集萃1. Could you please help out with a few things? 你能帮忙做些事情吗?2.Mom will be back from shopping at any minute now. And she won’t be happy if she sees this mess.妈妈现在随时都会购物回来,如果她看到这些一团糟,会不高兴的。
2020年春人教新目标英语八年级下册Unit3 Could you please clean your room?知识点讲一讲1(section A)1.peter, could you please take out the rubbish? 彼得,请你去倒一下垃圾好吗?2. could you please sweep the floor? 请你把地扫一下好吗?(1)Could +主语+please +动词原形+……?(=Could +主语+动词原形+……,please?)表示委婉地提出请求,意为“请……,好吗?”肯定回答:yes , sure / of course / certainly.否定回答:sorry, I can’t , I have to ……如:Could you please help me with my English ? =Could you help me with my English, please?请你帮助我学英语好吗?(2)take out :意为“带出去;取出”。
如:Take out the rubbish 把垃圾带出去即倒垃圾。
Please take out a piece of paper . 请把这张纸带出去。
Take …out :把……带出去。
如:my father is taking me out to go for a drive. 我的父亲将带我出去开车。
[拓展] 与take有关的短句take off脱掉;(飞机)起飞take place 发生take part in 参加take care of 照顾take after 与…相像it take sb sometimes to do sth 做某事花费某人一些时间。
如:it took me two hours to do my homework. 做家务花费我两个小时的时间。
(3)sweep the floor :意为“扫地”与“家务劳动”有关的短语:Take out the rubbish / trash 倒垃圾fold one’s clothes 叠衣服Clean the room 打扫房间make one’s the bed 铺床Do the dishes 洗餐具do the laundry 洗衣服Clean the floor 擦地板cook dinner 做饭3.you have to clean your room. 你不得不打扫你的房间。
Unit3教材详解及习题1. camping 野营2. visiting my grandmother 看望我的奶奶3. spending time with friends 与朋友一起消磨时光4. babysitting 照顾小孩5. playing basketball6. exercising7. watching TV 8. relaxing at home 在家休息A: What are you doing for vacation? 假期你要做什么?B: I’m babysitti ng my sister. 我要照看我妹妹。
A: What’s she doing for vacation? 假期她要做什么?B: She’s babysitting her sister. 她要照看她妹妹。
●内容详解:1. What are you doing for vacation? 假期你要做什么?★What are you doing for...? 【口语】这是一个现在进行时态的句子,用来询问将来的计划、打算等。
回答时也用进行时态表示计划、打算要做的事。
例句:– What are you doing for your vacation? 假期你打算做什么?–I’m going sightseeing. 我要去观光。
句中for 为介词,表示“为了(某一目的)”。
例句:He went to Japan for the holiday. 他去日本度假了。
She is coming for it. 她要来取它。
※vacation【美】和holiday【英】都指假期,vacation 尤指学校假期。
2. I’m babysitting my sister. 我要照看我妹妹。
★本句为现在进行时表达将来要做的事情。
★be+doing 结构在本句中表示按计划即将发生的动作,常用于表示位置转移的动词,如:go,come,leave,start,arrive,move 等。
2020年春人教新目标英语八年级下册Unit3 Could you please clean your room?Section A1.Peter ,could you please take out the trash? 彼得,你能把垃圾倒了吗?【解析1】Could you please do sth ?请你(做)......好吗?用于提出请求,希望得到对方的肯定回答,说话的语气比较客气委婉。
Could 不是can的过去式,是委婉、礼貌的说法。
回答用can.【常用答语】肯定回答:Sure./ Of course./ Certainly./No problem.否定回答:Sorry , I can’t 【解析2】take out 取出(v+ adv)【注】: 跟代词做宾语,代词放中间;跟名词做宾语,可放在中间,也可放在后边【短语】take out the trash 倒垃圾take a walk 散步take away 拿走,取走take back 收回take place 发生take off 脱下;起飞The gift is in the box. You can take it out.2. Can you do the dishes.?那你可以洗盘子吗?do the dishes 洗碗【结构1】do the +名词:do the dishes/ laundry 洗餐具/衣服【结构2】do the +动词-ing do the cleaning 打扫卫生【结构3】do one’s + 名词do one’s housework/ homework 做家务/家庭作业【结构4】do some +动词-ing do some reading/ shopping 读写书/购物3.Could I at least finish watching this show? 至少让我看完这个节目可以吗?【解析1】Could I do a sth? 我可以做......吗?用于表达请求,语气比较委婉。
Unit3 Could you please clean your room?SectionA1.Couldyou please dosth ?用于提出请求,希望得到对方肯定回答,语气较委婉。
肯定回答:Sure./Of course./ Certainly./No problem.否定回答:Sorry ,I can’t./ I’m afraidIcan’t.在表示请求帮助或请求允许的疑问句中,常用could代替can,以表示礼貌,委婉或不确定的语气,而can 则不具备这些语气。
这种情况下不能把could看作can的过去式。
以上两句中用could 是为了表示礼貌的请求。
表示请求帮助或请求允许时,除了can,could之外,还可以用may,句子的表达方式也各有不同,可以用不同的方式来表示同一个概念。
Could / Can / MayI use your car foraday?作允答可以各种各样:如同意可以说Yes,或Sure 或Certainly,还可说Yes, (do)please. 或Of course.(you ma y/ can). 或That'sOK / all right.ﻫ如果不同意,可以说I'msorryyou can't. 或I'm really sorry, butI have to use ittoday.要避免说No, you can't. 这样显得很不礼貌。
否定回答通常用委婉语气。
2.take(1)取,拿:Pleasetake somebooks to the classroom.(2)吃,喝,服用Take some medicine.(3)乘车,船等We cantake abus to the park.(4)花费(时间、金钱)It took me 2 hours to do my homework.takecare of 照顾take a walk散步take awa拿take up占据take place发生take off脱下;takeone’stime慢慢来3.problem question 问题problem客观存在待解决的问题,侧重困难。
Solve theproblemquestion因存疑而提出问题,侧重疑惑。
answer thequestion4.(1)neither adv 也不句子须部分倒装。
此时可用nor替换neitherI don’t like this dress.我不喜欢这件连衣裙。
Neither / Nor do I. 我也不喜欢。
【注意】肯定句:He likes beef..--So do I.我也喜欢。
(2) neither …nor… 既不…也不…,连接两个词做主语,谓语动词就近原则NeitherTomn or I am astudent(3)neither作代词表示“两个都不”,它作主语时,谓语动词常用单数。
Neither of my par ents isathome.辨析also, too, either,neither(1)also 较正式,在句中位于行为动词前,系动词、助动词或情态动词之后。
Peter also likes beef. I am alsoastudent. ﻩShe can also swim.(2)too较口语,多用在肯定句句末。
(3)either 表示“也”时,一般只用于否定句句末。
Idon’t have much moneyeither.(4)neither用作副词,意为“也不”解释,句子须采用部分倒装。
also和too常用于肯定句,neither用于否定句;either表示“也”用于否定,但either…or用于肯定。
5.or否定句也不We don’t have teaor coffee.陈述句或者Answerme yes orno.疑问句还是Do youlike redor pink?表转折否则祈使句Hurry up,or youwillbelate.6.come over过来comeacrossﻩ(偶然)发现comeback回来comeupwith想出come true 实现ﻩﻩcome from来自ﻩcome on加油comein/into进入,进来come out出来,(花)开,(照片)冲洗出来7. surprise(1)insurprise惊奇地惊讶地Helook at me in surprise.(2)可数名词,令人惊奇的事或物That isa big surprise.(3)不可数名词惊奇to one’s surpriseTo mysurprise, he didn’t leave.(4)及物动词,使惊奇surprisesbHis successsurprised us.8.workon 从事,忙于workat学习、致力于、在……上下工夫9.borrowsome money 借一些钱ﻫborrow sth. from sb.向某人借某物(借入)=borrow sb sthﻫlend sb.sth.= lend sth. to sb. 借给某人某物(借出)ﻫYou can borrow some money from yourbrother.你可以向你哥哥借些钱。
ﻫCan you lendme your bike? 你能借给我你的自行车吗?注意:keep 延续性动词I can keep the book for one week.10.pass sb sth=pass sth to sb地给某人某物ﻫ11.needv需要作实义动词常用于肯定句(1)人做主语,sb.needto do sth 某人需要做某事(2)物做主语,sth needdoing =sth need to be doneneed做情态动词用于否定句或疑问句.(1)needn’t=don’thave to 没有必要(2)need ,must 引导的一般疑问句,肯定回答用must,否定回答用needn’tMustIgo there now?Yes,you must/No, you needn’tSectionB1.invite v→ invitation n邀请(1)invite sb. to do sth 邀请某人做某事(2)invitesb. to +地点邀请某人去某地2.waste(1) v 浪费waste time/moneyon sthwaste time /money (in) doing sth在做某事上花费时间/金钱(2)n 不可数浪费废物垃圾a waste of 浪费a waste of time 浪费时间 a wasteof money 浪费金钱(3)adj 浪费的无用的荒废的waste paper3.spend/pay/cost/take花费(1)spend→spent→spent v 花费,主语是人sb.+ spend +时间/钱+on sth在某事上花费......sb. +spend +时间/钱+(in) doing sthspendon=pay for支付He spends too much timeon the computergames.(2)pay→paid→paid v支付,主语是人sb.+pay+ 钱+for sth I pay10 yuan for the book. (3) cost→cost→cost v 花费,主语是某物或某事sth cost sb. +钱某物花费某人多少钱A new computer costsme a lotofmoney.(4)take→took → taken v 花费It takes /tooksb.sometime to do sth. 做某事花费某人多长时间Ittakeshim 3hourstodohis homework.4.in order to目的是;为了后接动词原形句首句尾都可以in orderto dosth为了做某事5.provide v 提供为应急等做好准备而提供;供给provide sth. for sb.为某人提供某物=provide sb. withsth. (1)offer侧重表示愿意给予offer sb.sth. = offer sthto sb.对某人提供某物offerto do sth主动提出干某事(2) supply定期供应, 强调替代或补充所需物品supply sb. with sth=supplysth. tosb. 为某人提供某物6.depend on 依靠;信赖It alldepends.=Thatdepends.视情况而定7.since conj.(1)由于,因为,既然引导原因状语从句(表示对方已知的事实或理由,常放在句首)Sincewe don’t have money,we can’tbuy a house.(2)自....以后,自.....以来引导时间状语从句It’stwo years since we visited yourmother.8.keep +sth /sb. +adj. 使......处于某种状态keep系动词保持keep + adj. We must keep healthy.实义动词保持;继续(1) keep ( on )doing sth继续做某事He was in greatpain buthe keptonworking(2)keep sb.doing sth 让某人一直做某事I’msorry to have kept you waiting forso long.9. as a result 结果因此(插入语,放在句首,用逗号隔开)as a result of 由于.....,作为.......的结果10.the +比较级, the+ 比较级越...... 越......The faster,the better.11.independent adj独立的,自主的12.make → made→made v. 做,制作,使得(1)makesb/sth + 形容词让某人或某物… makeyouhappy(2)make sb/sth dosth 使某人做某事make me laugh.make sure 确信make adialogue编对话make a mistake犯错误(by mistak e由于疏忽)make a noise吵闹make faces做鬼脸make friends(with)和..交朋友make room for给..让地方make tea沏茶makemoney赚钱make adecision作出决定makethe bed整理床铺make aliving 谋生make fun of=laugh at取笑13. have time todosth.有时间做某事have time=be free有空14.get into=enter 进入get up 起床getback返回getover 克服getdressed穿衣get into进入get/belost丢失get off/on下/上车get onwell with sb.与某人相处得好getout of从…出来get warm变暧get ready for +n.为…做准备getready todo sth.准备做某事get well康复getachance 有机会、得到机会get/go to sleep(fall asleep)入睡相关:(beasleep睡着)15.get older长大get/ become/ go辨析:(1)get+adj较多地与形容词比较级连用The days aregettinglonger and longer.(2)become强调变化的结果It'sbecoming colder and colder.(3)go+adj. 表示令人不快的事情go bad变坏,goblind变瞎,go hungry挨饿16.do one’spart尽职责;尽本分doone’s part in doing sth在做某事上尽职责17.develop independence 培养独立意识develop v→development n发展→developing adj.发展的→developed adj.发达的adeveloping country一个发展中国家 a developedcountry 一个发达国家18.take careof照顾take photos/pictures照像take away拿走take out取出(workout算出)take care当心takemedicine服药take place发生takeone’s temperature量体温take one’stime别着急take awalk散步。