高考英语阅读理解推理判断专项训练省级公开课优质课共38页

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二、解题方法
根据文章的内容和作者的措辞能推断作者所持的观点 或看法，判断作者的态度是客观的、主观的，肯定的、否定 的或是中立的。
例 It is not just unkind but also dangerous to say a
fourhourlyfeeding schedule will make a baby satisfied.The
What does the author think about Dr.Frederic Truby King? A ．He is strict. B ．He is unkind. C ．He has the wrong idea. D ．He sets a timetable for mothers.
1．严格按照阅读材料中所提供的信息进行推理，切忌掺 杂自己的主观想法或经验。
2．如果某选项中的内容是阅读材料的简单重复，那它就
不是推论，也就不是正确答案。
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3．如果某选项所表达的内容与经验相吻合，文中却没 有涉及，那它属于主观臆断的结论，也不是正确答案。
4．如果某个选项所表达的内容虽在文中提到，但很片 面或很不完整，那也不是正确答案。
What is the purpose of this text?
A ．To solve a problem.
B ．To give practical advice.
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C ．To tell an interesting story. D ．To present a research result.
解析： 推断写作目的题。根据第一段的中心句( 最后一句)可知，这是一篇说明文，其目的是给养 宠物的人提一些实用的建议。

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破解满分解囊
4.关注话题,培养学科素养。 关注各类题材,增强个人文化认知和文化意识,体验英语国家丰 富文化内涵。了解中外文化差异,这些都有利于提升阅读了解能力。 5.优化学习策略,享受阅读高兴。 大量阅读是硬道理,但要合理安排阅读节奏,重视归纳整理,回头 反思。总是犯错考点,要深度剖析错误原因。做错一道题,汲取一 个教训;做对一道题掌握几个规律。养成良好阅读习惯,培养思维 能力和创新意识,享受阅读高兴。
Given all these points above , I would support the idea that…
For all the reasons mentioned above ,I would prefer… 掌握了找主题句方法，就能够依据主题句归纳主题。但归纳主题轻 易出现以下三种错误，需要同学们注意。 1．以偏概全。即只抓住了主题一个侧面就误认为是主题。 2．过于笼统。即归纳主题太泛，与细节脱节或是没有对细节加以 充分论证。 3．把观点强加给作者。读者往往依据自己常识对文章进行判断而 忽略了作者看法。
体裁分析能力
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细节类问题命题方式有以下几个： 1)Which of the following is NOT true according to the information
in the passage? 2) The author mentions all of the following except . . . 3)Which of the following statements is correct according to the
阅读时对这些提醒词应该给予注意。原文相关句出现格式都是先说 原因，后说结果，而在题干中通常给出结果，就其原因提问。

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解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段可知，达尔文设想 了一个远比现实世界更繁忙、更喧嚣和更亲密的世界，而 我们的感官却非常弱，我们还有很长的路要走。由此可知， 世界似乎比它看上去的样子更复杂，故选 C 项。
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A 项无中生有，最后一段并没有提及世界变化快慢的 信息；B 项颠倒是非，最后一段说人们的感官很弱，而 B 项“人们有比以前更强的感官”，两者正好相反；D 项偷 换概念，文章只是说“达尔文设想……”，并没有说达尔 文时期的人们想象力更加丰富。
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suggest(暗示)、imply(暗指)、learn about(了解)、 conclude(结论)、indicate(暗示)等词语，例如：
①What can we infer about the woman mentioned in the text?
②What can we learn about Decio? ③What do we know about the boy mentioned in Paragraph 3?
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33．What does the underlined phrase“the water catcher”in Paragraph 2 refer to?
A．The tube. B．The still. C．The hole. D．The cup. 答案：B 解析：推理判断题。根据第二段中的描述可知，制作 一个蒸馏器装置，需要挖一个四英尺宽、三英尺深的洞，
答案：D
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解析：推理判断题。根据第一段中的“These pieces can be folded into a neat little pack and fastened on your belt.”可 知，这些东西可以折叠放进小包中系在腰带上，由此可知这 一太阳能蒸馏器装置是“便携的”，故选 D 项。A 项中 delicate 意为“易碎的”， B 项中 expensive 意为“昂贵 的”，C 项中 complex 意为“复杂的”，均不符合文意。

精明旳
◎She wanted the hairdresser to trim her hair a bit because it was too long.
修剪
8) Word formation 即根据前缀、后缀、复
合、派生等构词知识判断生词旳词义
(1)Overwork may cause diseases. 前缀over-旳意思是“过分旳、过量旳”故 overwork旳意思应为“工作过分”。 (2)There was a dissatisfied look in the manager's eyes. satisfied旳意思是“满意旳”，前缀dis-旳 意思是“不”，故dissatisfied旳意思应该 是“不满意旳”。
混乱
◎If you agree, write “ yes”; if you dissent, write “no”.
不同意
Rubber can be made to stretch more than nine times its normal length because it is very elastic. 弹性旳
However, to succeed in life, one first needs to set a goal and then gradually make it more practical. And, in addition to that, in order to get really good at something, one needs to spend at least 10,000 hours studying and practising. To become great at certain things, it’ll require even more time, time that most people won’t put in.

Only when the process of meeting the basic need for food reached a certain level of sophistication was it possible for humans to
fly.The Transition is now follow other pursuits such as the founding of cities.
推理判断题通常要求考生不仅要理解原文的文字信息，而且还要进行一定的判断和推理，并以此推断出文章的隐含意义。
一般可根据短文提供的信息，或者借助生活常识进行推理判断。
special materials to make it easier for the vehicle to More than 30,000 drivers and front seat passengers are killed or seriously injured（受伤）each year.
4.The fact... Is mentioned by the author to
【典型考例】
(2018全国Ⅰ·B)
Good Morning Britain’s Susanna Reid is used to
grilling guests on the sofa every morning,but she is cooking up a storm in her latest role—showing families how to prepare delicious and nutritious meals on a tight budget.
This passage would be most likely to be found in_____

• Where is the text probably taken from?
• A. A book review. B. A news report.
• C. A magazine. D. A martial arts novel.
技巧1：从文章体裁或出处推断写作目的 1. Question forms: (1) 考查整篇文章的写作目的 A. The writer’s purpose of writing this passage is to _. B. In writing the passage, the author intends to _____.
2.考点解读
专题一 阅读理解
3.专题整合&4. 考题讲练
推理判断是指在理解原文字面意义的基础上，通过对语 篇逻辑关系的分析和细节的暗示，做出一定的判断和推理， 从而得出文章的深层意义及隐含意义的过程。常出现的推理 有逻辑推理、知识推理等。这类考题中常出现的词有 infer, imply, suggest, indicate, conclude, learn from, probably, most likely, can, could, might, may 等。下面结合试题对不同类型的 推理判断题进行讲解。
•
holmwood, who has also translated works by other
contemporary chinese authors, said she became very involved
in the details and admired jin yong’s brilliant writing. as a fan of
2. Probable answers:

2. It is said that people should take a lesson from the clock. The clock passes the time by keeping its hands busy. People who do what the clock does also pass the time by keeping their hands busy and not by sleeping the time away. ● You can tell that busy people______ A. act like clocks. B. sleep the time away. C. don't do what clocks do. D. don't have hands.
●This author’s attitude towards the newspaper reporting is to _____.
A. complain B. apologize C. amuse D. inform
6.（江西卷）Just as crying can be healthy, not crying—holding back tears of anger, pain or suffering—can be bad for physical health. Studies have shown that too much control of emotions can lead to high blood pressure, heart problems and some other illnesses. If you have a health problem, doctors will certainly not ask you to cry. But when you feel like crying, don’t fight it. It’s a natural—and healthy— emotional response. ●According to the author, which of the following statements is true?

“Boasting about yourself，and your best qualities，”Whaley says，“is very difficult for a child who came into the classroom not feeling confident.”
◆We can infer that the purpose of Whaley's project is to _________.
这类题常见的设问方式有： • What is the author likely to write about after the last paragraph? • The next paragraph would most probably deal with_________.
选项特点
正确选项特点 不是文中直接或明确说明的内容, 是间接表达出来
◆What is the author's attitude to the future of self－driving cars？______
A．Doubtful.
B．Positive.
C．Disapproving.
D．Sympathetic.
作者写文章的目的通常有三种： to entertain readers 常见于故事类的文章； to persuade readers 常见于广告或议论文； to inform readers 常见于文化类、社会类、科普类、新闻报道类文章。
考生可以根据不同的文体特点来快速确定主题句，把握文章主旨。常 见文体确定写作意图的方法如下： 1．记叙文：一般会在首段或尾段出现隐含作者写作意图的总结性语言，
全文围绕此总结性语言展开陈述。 2．说明文：一般会在文中反复出现所要说明的事物Fra bibliotek者道理，作者的写

知 识 推 断 题
知识推断是根据文章中所阐述的细节，运用自己掌握 的基础知识进行分析、推敲，从而得出符合文章原义 的结论的一种推断方法。知识推断题一般都是针对细 节。解答此类题，不仅需要常识，而且还需要对细节 以及有关背景知识有一个充分的理解。如： Tokyo：Three snakes, whose poison could kill a person in ten minutes, are guarding a blue star sapphire （蓝宝石）worth nearly six hundred dollars at a Japanese exhibition of jewels sent from an Indian museum. “Normally it would be forbidden to let these poisonous snakes guard exhibition objects, but it’s different this time because the jewels are being exhibited at a hotel,” a police official said. The jewels was being shown in ______ A. an Indian hotel B. an Indian museum C. a Japanese hotel D. a Japanese museum 解析：从文中可以知道展览是在宾馆举行，文章开头 已给出一词 。“（东京）是日本首都”这一常识我们 都知道，由此便可推出C为本题的答案。
依 据 行 为 进 行 推 理
在许多文章中，作者往往通过文字 对人的行为进行描述，让行为在文 章中进行着另外一种表述，让读者 在阅读中推断出它包涵着的更深层 含义。在阅读到这类文章时，学生 应该多加注意与人物动作相关的词， 理解和体会每个动作的确切含义， 把握行为动作先后，真正体会作者 在文章中所要表达的思想和意图。

Visiting an apple event is a good chance to see, and often taste, a wide variety of apples. To people who are used to the limited choice of apples such as Golden Delicious and Royal Gala in supermarkets, it can be quite an eye opener to see the range of classical apples still in existence, such as Decio which was grown by the Romans. Although it doesn’t taste of anything special, it’s still worth a try, as is the knobbly(多疙 瘩的) Cat’s Head which is more of a curiosity than anything else.
Disappointed by many a broken，vine­ripened(蔓上成熟 的 ) promise ， I ’ ve refused to buy winter tomatoes for years.No matter how attractive they look in the store，once I get them home they ’ re unfailingly dry ， hard ， and tasteless.But I homed in，with uncertainty，on one particular table at the Brown’s Grove Farm’s stand，full of fresh and soft tomatoes the size of my fist.These were the real deal— and at that moment，I realized that the best part of Sarasota in winter was going to be eating things that back home in New York I wouldn’t be experiencing aga] (2015·全国卷Ⅰ，B)The freezing Northeast hasn’t been a terribly fun place to spend time this winter，so when the chance came for a weekend to Sarasota，Florida，my bags were packed before you could say“sunshine.”I left for the land of warmth and vitamin C (维生素 C)，thinking of beaches and orange trees.When we touched down to blue skies and warm air ， I sent up a small prayer of gratefulness.Swimming pools，wine tasting，and pink sunsets