高中英语语法重点难点回顾
主谓一致常考难题：
Five minutes is enough to do this exercise．
Each boy and each girl wants to serve the people in future．
More than one student has seen the film.
Many a ship has been damaged in the storm.
More members than one are against your plan.
一些有两个部分构成的名词表示衣物或工具作主语时, 谓语通常用复数形式：glasses, clothes, trousers, shoes, compasses, chopsticks, scissors等。
但如果主语用a kind of , a pair of , a series of等加名词构成时, 谓语动词一般用单数形式。A pair of shoes was on the desk．
并列主语如果指的是同一个人、同一事物或同一概念时, 谓语动词用单数形式, 这时and 后面的名词没有冠词。例如:
Truth and honesty is the best policy．
The girl’s teacher and friend is a young doctor．
To love and to be loved is the great happiness.
Going to bed early and getting up early is a good habit.
A knife and fork is on the table.
当主语后面跟有as well as, as much as , no less than, along with, with, like, rather than, together with, but, except, besides, including, in addition to等引导的词组时, 其谓语动词的单、复数按主语的单、复数而定。例如:
The teacher as well as the students was excited．
The room with its furniture was rented．
A (great) number of修饰可数复数名词, 谓语动词用复数; a great deal of,a large amount of 修饰不可数名词, 其短语作主语时, 谓语动词用单数。
关系代词who, that, which等在定语从句中作主语时, 其谓语动词的数应与句中先行词的数一致。例如:
Those who want to go please sign your names here．
Some of the energy that is used by man comes from the sun．
季节、月份、星期、节日、假日、一日三餐、学科名称，球类、棋类名词名称前一般不加冠词。
1/2 one(a) half 1/4 one(a) quarter
形容词的顺序：
系动词be，grow，get，become，feel，appear，prove，seem，look，keep，smell，taste，sound，turn，remain限定词+数量形容词(序数词在前，基数词在后)+性状形容词+大小、长短、高低等形体+新旧+颜色+国藉+材料
Those three beautiful large square old brown wood table
某些以a-开首的形容词例如：afraid，alike，alone，asleep，awake, alive 等只能作表语,不能作定语。
某些以-ly结尾的词是形容词而不是副词：friendly，lively， lovely，lonely，likely，deadly，silly，orderly, timely等。
1)close接近地 closely仔细地，密切地
2)free 免费地 freely自由地,无拘束地
3)hard努力地 hardly几乎不
4)late 晚，迟 lately 近来
5)most 极,非常 mostly主要地
6)wide广阔地，充分地 widely广泛地
7)high高 highly高度地，非常地
8)deep深，迟 deeply抽象意义的“深”
9)loud大声地 loudly大声地(含有喧闹的意思)
10)near邻近 nearly几乎
bad/ill,badly worse worst little less least
表示一方不及另一方时，用“less＋原级＋than”的结构表示：This room is less beautiful than that one．
表示一方超过另一方的程度或数量时，可在比较级前加表示程度的状语，如：even，a lot，a bit，a little，still，much，far, yet, by far等修饰：He works even harder than before．
注意:by far 通常用于强调最高级。用于比较级时,一般放在比较级的后面, 如放在前面,应在二者中间加“the”。
He is taller by far than his brother.
He is by far the taller of the two brothers.
某些以-or结尾的形容词进行比较时，用to代替than。superior，junior，senior等。He is superior to Mr Wang in mathematics．
在比较从句中为了避免重复通常用that(those)，one(ones)代替前面出现的名词。that指物，one既可指人，也可指物。that可代替可数名词单数和不可数名词，而one只能代替可数名词。例如：
The book on the table is more interesting than that on the desk．
A box made of iron is stronger than one made of wood．
表示倍数的比较级有如下几种句型:
A is three (four,etc.) times the size (height, length, width,etc) of B.
The new building is four times the size (the height) of the old one.
这座新楼是那座旧楼的四倍大(四倍高)。［高三倍］
A is three (four, etc.) times as big (high, long, wide, etc.) as B.
Asia is four times as large as Europe.亚洲是欧洲的四倍大。
A is three (four,etc.) times bigger (higher, longer, wider) than B.
例如:Your school is three times bigger than ours.
你们的学校比我们的学校大三倍。
表示两倍可以用 twice 或 double。
表示“最高程度”的形容词，如excellent，extreme，perfect等，没有最高级，也不能用比较级。
如果复数名词前有many、few，不可数名词前有much、little等表示量的形容词时，该用so而不用such。如：
I’ve had so many falls that I’m black and blue all over.
Mr White got so little money a month that he could hardly keep body and soul together. 但little不表示数量而表示“小”的意思时,仍用such。如:
They are such little children that the they cannot clean the house by themselves.
6)almost与nearly
在very, pretty, not后用nearly, 不用almost。例如：
I’m not nearly ready.
在any, no, none, never前用almost, 不用nearly。例如：
I almost never see her.
need 表示“需要”或“必须”,作情态动词时,仅用于否定句或疑问句中。在肯定句中一般用must, have to, ought to或should 代替。例如：
You needn’t come so early.
Need I finish the work today? －－Yes, you must.
注意：needn’t have done“表示本来不必做某事而实际上做了某事”。例如：You needn’t have waited for me.
“should have done”表示应该做到而实际上没有做到。
You should have started earlier.
“ought to have done”表示过去应做某事而实际未做。
You ought to have helped him (but you didn’t)
书报的标题,小说等情节介绍常用一般现在时。
表示感觉,愿望和状态的某些动词如have, be, hear, see, like等词一般不用进行时。
有些动词形式上是主动结构,但表示被动的意思。常见的有可和 well, easily 等副词连用的不及物动词sell,wash,write,read,clean,cook等。例如：
The cloth washes well.这布很经洗。
The new product sells well.这新产品很畅销。
The pen writes well.这支笔很好写。
在动词 arrange,command, demand, desire,insist, order,propose, request, require, suggest等后面的宾语从句中用“(should)＋动词原形”(虚拟语气)例如：
We suggested that we (should) have a meeting.
We insisted that they (should) go with us.
The doctor ordered that she (should) stay in bed for a few days.
He demanded that we (should) start right away.
作advice,idea,order,demand,plan,proposal,suggestion,request等名词的表语从句和同位语从句,其谓语动词要用虚拟语气的结构“(should)＋动词原形”。例如：We all agreed to his suggestion that we(should) go to Beijing for sightseeing.
My idea is that we (should) do exercises first.
在feel, hear, notice, observe, see, watch, have, let, make等词后的补足语中,不定式不带to。但是这些句子如果变成被动结构时,就必须带to。例如：I often hear him sing the song.
He is often heard to sing the song.
注意：不定式动词在介词but, except, besides后面时,如果这些介词之前有行为动词do 的各种形式,那么,这些介词后的不定式不带to,否则要带to.如：
She could do nothing but cry.
What do you like to do besides swim?
I have no choice but to go.
作定语的不定式如果是不及物动词,或者不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的地点、工具等,不定式后面须有相应的介词。例如：He is looking for a room to live in. There is nothing to worry about.
Please give me a knife to cut with.
There / It is no use/ good/ not any use/ good/ useless doing sth.
动词后可以用动名词作宾语,但不能用不定式:
admit,appreciate, avoid, consider, delay, enjoy, escape, excuse, feel like, finish, forgive, give up, imagine, include, keep, mention,mind,miss,practise, put off, resist, risk, suggest, can’t help, can’t stand(无法忍受)等。
I tried not to go there.(我设法不去那里。)
I tried doing it again.(我试着又干了一次。)]
mean to do 有意... mean doing意味着...
I mean to come early today.(我打算今天早些来。)
Missing the train means waiting for another hour.
(误了这趟火车意味着再等一个小时。)
allow, advise, forbid, permit
We don’t allow smoking here. We don’t allow students to smoke.
动词need,require,want作“需要”解,其后跟动词作它的宾语时,若表示的含义是被动的,必须用动名词,或不定式的被动式。例如：
The window needs(requires, wants)cleaning(to be cleaned).
在短语devote to, look forward to, pay attention to, stick to, be used to, object to,thank you for, excuse me for 等后的动词也必须用动名词形式：I look forward to hearing from you soon.
Badly polluted, the water cannot be drunk.(原因)
Being written in haste, the composition is full of mistakes.
(原因,强调写的过程,故应用现在分词一般被动式)
Having been deserted by his guide, he couldn’t find his way through the jungle.(为了强调已完成的动作)
Asked to stay, I couldn’t very well refuse.
这里 asked 可能意味着 having been asked, 也可能意味着when/since I was asked, 但用了 having been asked 就不会有歧义。
下面句中过去分词表示的时间与谓语动词所表示的时间相同，所以不能代之以强调先于谓语动词的现在分词完成被动式。例如：
Covered with confusion, I left the room.我很窘地离开了房间。
United, we stand; divided, we fall. 团结则存，分裂则亡。
He used to live in London, use(d)n’t he /didn’t he?
There used to be a cinema here before the war, use(d)n’t there /didn’t there? Such things ought not to be allowed, ought they?
He ought to be punished, oughtn’t he?
但在正式文体中,用ought we not形式。例如:
We ought to go, ought we not?或We ought to go ,should we not?
含有情态动词must的句子表示推则,作“想必”解时,疑问部分不可用mustn’t。若前句强调对现在情况的推测,疑问部分用aren’t(isn’t)十主语,例如：You must be tired,aren’t you?若陈述部分的must表示“有必要”时,附加疑问句部分则用needn’t。例如：You must go home right now, needn’t you?
当mustn’t 表示禁止时,附加疑问部分一般用must。如：
You mustn’t walk on grass, must you?
前句谓语动词是must have＋过去分词时,若前句强调对过去情况的推测(一般有过去时间状
语),疑问部分的谓语动词用didn’t＋主语;若前句强调动作的完成,疑问部分的谓语动词用haven’t(hasn’t)＋主语, 例如：
He must have met her yesterday, didn’t he?
You must have seen the film, haven’t you?
陈述句谓语部分出现否定词缀时(前缀或后缀),疑问部分仍用否定结构。例如:He is unfit for his office, isn’t he?
如果陈述部分包含有no, never, hardly, seldom, few, little,nowhere, nothing等否定或半否定词时,疑问部分用肯定形式。例如：He is hardly 14 years old,is he?
如果陈述部分的主语为everyone,someone,no one等不定代词,其疑问部分的主语可用he,也可用they。
Everyone knows his job, doesn’t he?
Everyone knows their job,don’t they?
No one was hurt,were they?
I’m late, aren’t I?
One can’t be too careful,can one(you)?
Have a cup of tea, will you?
Let’s go there,shall we? Let us go there,will you?
同位语从句跟在名词后面,进一步说明该名词的具体内容。引导同位语从句的名词主要有fact, news, promise, idea, truth等。连接词用that (不用which)及连接副词how, when, where, why等。例如：
His delay is due to the fact that the car went wrong halfway.
The news that our team has won the match is true.
She asked the reason why there was a delay.
关联词只能用whether不能用if表示“是否”的情况如下:
A)在表语从句和同位语从句中。例如：
The question is whether the film is worth seeing.
The news whether our team has won the match is unknown.
B)在主语从句中,只有用it作形式主语时,whether和if都能引导主语从句,否则,也只能用whether。例如：
Whether we shall attend the meeting hasn’t been decided yet.
It hasn’t been decided whether(if)we shall attend the meeting.
C)在介词之后。(介词往往可以省略)例如：
It all depends (on) whether they will support us.
D)后面直接跟动词不定式时。
He doesn’t know whether to stay or not.
E)后面紧接or not 时。
We didn’t know whether or not she was ready.
F)引导让步状语从句,只能用whether。
Whether you like it or not, you must do it well.
G)用if会引起歧义时。例如：Please let me know if you like it.
该句有两个意思：“请告诉我你是否喜欢”。
或“如果你喜欢,请告诉我。”用了whether就可以避免。
在下面几种情况下必须用“that”引导定语从句：
1)先行词是不定代词：all,few,little, much,something,nothing,anything等。All that
we have to do is to practise every day.
2)先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰。
The first lesson that I learned will never be forgotten.
3)先行词被all,any,every, each, few,little,no,some, 等修饰。
I have read all the book (that) you gave me.
4)先行词被 the only, the very, the same, the last 修饰时。
He is the only person that I want to talk to.
5)先行词既有人又有物时。They talked of things and persons that they remembered in the school.
先行词是表示地点时,要根据从句的谓语动词是及物的还是不及物的。如果是及物的就用that(which),否则用where。
This is the house where he lived last year.
This is the house that (which) he visited last year.
用no sooner…than和hardly…when引导的从句表示“刚……就……”。主句中的动词一般用过去完成时,从句用过去时;而且主句一般倒装,把助动词had提到前面。例如：Hardly had I entered the room when I heard a loud noise.
代词作主语时,主谓语序不变。Here it is. Here he comes.
当句首状语为表示地点的介词词组时也常常引起全部倒装。
South of the city lies a big steel factory.
From the valley came a frightening sound.
表语置于句首时,倒装结构为“表语+连系动词+主语”。
Present at the meeting were Professor White,Professor Smith and many other guests. Gone are the days when they could do what they liked to the Chinese people. Among the goods are Christmas trees, flowers, candles and toys.
He has been to Beijing. So have I.
Li Wei can’t answe r the question. Neither can I.
部分倒装
用于省略if的虚拟条件状语从句。Had you reviewed your lessons,you might have passed the examination.
3.用于“形容词(或名词、动词)+as(though)引导的让步状语从句中。例如：Pretty as she is ,she is not clever.
Try as he would, he might fail again.
如果从句的表语是名词,其名词前不加任何冠词。
Child as he was, he had to make a living.
用于no sooner…than…,hardly…when和not until的句型中。Not until the teacher came did he finish his homework.
用于never,hardly,seldom,scarcely, barely, little,often,at no time,not only,not once等词开头的句子。
Never shall I do this again.
Little did he know who the woman was.
6.用于以only开头的句子(only修饰副词,介词短语或状语从句时)。Only this afternoon did I finish the novel.
Only in this way can you master English.
Only when he told me did I realize what trouble he was in.
如果only后面的词组不是状语,则不用倒装。
Only Wang Ling knows this.
用于某些表示祝愿的句子。May you succeed!祝你成功!
stomach－stomachs，a German－three Germans,
an American－two Americans，man cook - men cooks;
papers 报纸, 文件 manners礼貌 drinks饮料
in a word 简言之 in other words 换句话说
have words with 与某人吵嘴
have a few words (a word) with sb.与某人说几句话
The crowd were running for their lives．
某些集体名词, 如people, police, cattle等, 只当复数看待, 谓语动词必须用复数。The police are searching for him.
高中英语语法权威解析 目录: 第０１章名词性从句 第0２章“Iｔ”用法及其句型与固定搭配讲解 第03章高中英语语法中得省略现象 第04章主谓一致 第05章动词不定式 第06章倒装结构 第07章定语从句 第０8章被动语态 第09章祈使句 第10章感叹句 第１1章疑问句 第12章名词 第一章名词性从句 在句子中起名词作用得句子叫名词性从句(Ｎｏun Cｌaｕsｅs)。名词性从句得功能相当于名词词组, 它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等,因此根据它在句中不同得语法功能,名词从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句与同位语从句、一. 主语从句 主语从句就是在复合句中充当主语得从句,通常放在主句谓语动词之前或由形式主语it 代替,而本身放在句子末尾。 1. It 作形式主语与ｉt引导强调句得比较 It 作形式主语代替主语从句,主要就是为了平衡句子结构,主语从句得连接词没有变化、而i ｔ引导得强调句则就是对句子某一部分进行强调,无论强调得就是什么成分,都可用连词that。被强调部分指人时也可用who/ｗｈｏｍ、例如: ａ) It isａpitｙｔhaｔyoｕｄidn’t go ｔo seｅｔhｅｆilm.您不去瞧那场电影真可惜。 b) It doeｓn’tｉntereｓt me whethｅrｙou sｕｃceed or not、我对您成功与否不感兴趣、 c) Ｉｔisｉn thｅｍoｒnｉng thaｔｔｈe ｍurder took place. 谋杀案就是在早上发生得、(强调句型) d) Ｉt is Joｈn tｈat broke ｔｈeｗｉｎdow。就是Joｈn打碎得窗户。(强调句型) 2、用ｉt 作形式主语得结构 (1)It is + 名词＋从句 It is ａfaｃt tｈat…事实就是… Ｉt ｉs an honor ｔhat …非常荣幸 It ｉｓｃommon knowlｅdge ｔhat …就是常识 (2)Ｉt is + 形容词+从句 It is naturａl thａt…很自然… It ｉｓstrａｎｇe that…奇怪得就是…(3) It ｉｓ＋不及物动词+ 从句 Ｉｔｓｅems thａｔ…似乎… Ｉt ｈappeneｄthat…碰巧… Iｔappeaｒs that…似乎…
高中英语语法重点难点回顾 ?主谓一致常考难题： Five minuｔes iｓ enougｈｔo do this exerｃise．?Ｅａch boy anｄ each girl ｗants to servｅｔｈe people ｉn fuｔuｒe.?More thａn one stｕｄｅnt haｓ se ｅn ｔhe film. ?Mａny a ship has been daｍageｄ in tｈｅ stoｒm.?More members than ｏnｅａre against yoｕr ｐlaｎ.?一些有两个部分构成的名词表示衣物或工具作主语时，谓语通常用复数形式：gｌasseｓ, cｌoｔheｓ, troｕｓers，ｓhoes, comｐasse ｓ， chｏpsticks, ｓciｓsors等。 但如果主语用a kｉnd oｆ, ａｐaiｒ oｆ， a series of等加名词构成时, 谓语动词一般用单数形式。A ｐair ｏｆ sｈoes was on tｈe desk． 并列主语如果指的是同一个人、同一事物或同一概念时, 谓语动词用单数形式, 这时ａnd 后面的名词没有冠词。例如： Trutｈａnd hｏnｅsty is tｈｅ best poliｃy.?The girl’ｓteacｈer ａnd fri ｅｎｄ iｓ a ｙoｕnｇ doctor. To lovｅ and tｏｂｅｌｏveｄ is thｅ gｒeat hａｐpiness.?Goinｇｔo ｂeｄe ａrlｙａnd getｔｉng ｕp earlｙｉｓ a gooｄｈａｂit．?A knifｅanｄf ｏrk ｉs oｎｔｈｅtablｅ. 当主语后面跟有ａs wｅlｌａs, aｓｍuch ａｓ , no ｌess than, alonｇwith， w ｉｔｈ，ｌike, rａthｅr than, ｔogetheｒ witｈ, but, eｘceｐt, ｂesｉdes，ｉｎcｌuding, ｉn ａddiｔion ｔo等引导的词组时, 其谓语动词的单、复数按主语的单、复数而定。例如: The ｔeaｃheｒａs wｅll as ｔｈe studeｎts ｗas exciｔed.?Tｈe room with its furnitｕｒe was reｎtｅd.?Ａ (grｅａt）ｎumber ｏf修饰可数复数名词, 谓语动词用复数; a gｒeat deal of,a largｅａmount of 修饰不可数名词, 其短语作主语时，谓语动词用单数。 关系代词wｈｏ, that, ｗhicｈ等在定语从句中作主语时, 其谓语动词的数应与句中先行词的数一致。例如： Ｔhｏse whｏ want ｔo go pｌease sign youｒ namｅs here. Somｅ oｆ the eｎｅｒgｙ thａt ｉs used by man cｏmｅs fｒom thｅｓun． 季节、月份、星期、节日、假日、一日三餐、学科名称,球类、棋类名词名称前一般不加冠1/2 one(a）hａlf 1/4 one(ａ）ｑuarter 词。? 形容词的顺序: 系动词be，grow，get，becoｍｅ，fｅel，appear,provｅ,ｓeｅm,look,ｋeep，smell，t ａste,soｕnd,ｔurn,remaｉn限定词+数量形容词(序数词在前,基数词在后)+性状形容词＋大小、长短、高低等形体+新旧+颜色+国藉+材料?Tｈoｓe tｈree beautiｆul laｒｇe squ ａｒe oｌd bｒｏwn wooｄtaｂｌe?某些以a－开首的形容词例如:ａｆraｉｄ,ａliｋe，alone，asｌｅeｐ，awake, alive 等只能作表语,不能作定语。 某些以－ly结尾的词是形容词而不是副词：fｒiｅｎdｌy，liｖｅlｙ, loveｌy，lｏnely，likely,dｅadｌy,siｌｌｙ，orderlｙ, ｔimely等。?1）close接近地 clｏseｌy仔细地,密切地?2）ｆｒeｅ免费地ｆreｅly自由地,无拘束地 3)harｄ努力地 hardlｙ几乎不 4)lａte 晚，迟lately 近来?5)most 极，非常ｍostｌy主要地?6）widｅ广阔地，充分地 wideｌy广泛地?７)ｈiｇｈ高 hｉghｌy高度地,非常地 ８)deｅp深,迟 deeｐｌy抽象意义的“深”
按：本套资料省去了名词、代词、形容词等部分，保留了最最核心的句型和动词。希望能有所帮助。 第一章名词性从句 在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词性从句。名词性从句的功能相当于名词词组, 它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等，因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能，名词从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。 一．主语从句 主语从句是在复合句中充当主语的从句，通常放在主句谓语动词之前或由形式主语it代替，而本身放在句子末尾。 1. It作形式主语和it引导强调句的比较 It作形式主语代替主语从句，主要是为了平衡句子结构，主语从句的连接词没有变化。而it引导的强调句则是对句子某一部分进行强调，无论强调的是什么成分，都可用连词that。被强调部分指人时也可用who/whom。例如： a) It is a pity that you didn’t go to see the film. 你不去看那场电影真可惜。 - b) It doesn’t interest me whether you succeed or not.我对你成功与否不感兴趣。 c) It is in the morning that the murder took place.谋杀案是在早上发生的。（强调句型） d) It is John that broke the window.是John打碎的窗户。（强调句型） 2. 用it作形式主语的结构 (1) It is ＋名词＋从句 It is a fact that …; It is an honor that…; It is common knowledge that… (2) It is ＋形容词＋从句 It is natural that…It is strange that… . (3) It is ＋不及物动词＋从句 It seems that…It happened that…It appears that… (4) It ＋过去分词＋从句 It is reported that…It has been proved that…It is said that… 3. 主语从句不可位于句首的五种情况： （1）if引导的主语从句不可居于复合句句首。 （2）It is said /reported…结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如： 正确表达：It is said that President Jiang will visit our school next week. ( 错误表达：That President Jiang will visit our school next week is said. （3）It happens/occurs…结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如： 正确表达：It occurred to him that he failed in the examination. 错误表达：That he failed in the examination occurred to him. （4）It doesn’t matter how/whether …结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如： 正确表达：It doesn’t matter whether he is wrong or not. 错误表达：Whether he is wrong or not doesn’t matter. （5）含主语从句的复合句是疑问句时，主语从句不可提前。例如： ； 正确表达：Is it likely that it will rain in the evening 错误表达：Is that will rain in the evening likely 4. what 与that 在引导主语从句时的区别 what 引导主语从句时在句时在从句中充当句子成分，如主语．宾语．表语，而that 则不然。例如：
高中英语语法知识点总结 一、定语从句与强调句陷阱题详解 1、The factory was built in a secret place, around _________ high mountains、 A、 which was B、 it was C、 which were D、 them were 【陷阱】 容易误选A或B，将 A、B中的 which 和 it 误认为是其后句子的主语。 【分析】 最佳答案是C，around which were high mountains 是一个由“介词+which”引出的非限制性定语从句，而在该从句中，主语是 high mountains，around which 是表语，所以句子谓语应用复数were，而不是用单数 was。请做以下类例题目（答案均为C）：(1) Yesterday we visited a modern hospital, around _________ some fruit shops、 A、 which is B、 it is
C、 which are D、 them are(2) The murder happened in an old building, beside _________ the city police station、 A、 which are B、 it is C、 which is D、 them are(3) Next month we’ll move to a new building, next to _________ a nice restaurants where we can have Chinese food、 A、 which are B、 it is C、 which is D、 them are 2、 A man with a bleeding hand hurried in and asked, “Is there a hospital around _________ I can get some medicine for my wounded hand?” A、 that B、 which C、 where D、 what
江苏高考英语语法专题复习知识点汇总 一、冠词The Article 知识要点： 冠词是一种虚词，放在名词的前面，帮助说明名词的含义。冠词分不定冠词（The Indefinite Article）和定冠词（The definite Article）两种。a (an) 是不定冠词，a用在辅音之前：如a book, a man; an用在元音之前，如：an old man, an hour, an interesting book等。the是定冠词。 一、不定冠词的用法 1、指人或事物的某一种类（泛指）。这是不定冠词a (an)的基本用法。如：She is a girl. I am a teacher. Please pass me an apple. 2、指某人或某物，但不具体说明何人或何物。如：He borrowed a story-book from the library. A Li is looking for you. 一位姓李的同志正在找你。 3、表示数量，有“一”的意思，但数的概念没有one强烈。如： I have a mouth, a nose and two eyes. 4、用于某些固定词组中。如： a bit, a few, a little, a lot of, a piece of, a cup of, a glass of, a pile of, a pair of, have a good time, for a while, for a long time等。 5、用在抽象名词前，表具体的介绍——a + 抽象名词，起具体化的作用。如： This little girl is a joy to her parents. 这女孩对她父母来说是一个乐趣。 It is a pleasure to talk with you. 跟您交谈真是一件愉快的事情。 It is an honour to me to attend the meeting. 参加这个会，对我来说是一种荣誉。 二、定冠词的用法： 1、特指某（些）人或某（些）事物。这是定冠词the的基本用法。如： Beijing is the capital of China. The pen on the desk is mine. 2、指谈话双方都知道的人或事物。如： Where is the teacher? Open the window, please. 3、指上文提过的人或事物（第二次出现）。如： There was a chair by the window. On the chair sat a young woman with a baby in her arms. The baby was thin. 4、用在世界上独一无二的事物前。如：
高一英语语法归纳总结----定语从句的归纳 一．几个基本概念 1.定语从句的定义：用作定语的从句叫定语从句。 2.先行词：被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词。 3.定语从句的位置：紧跟先行词（名词或代词）之后。 4.引导词：引导定语从句的词（包括关系代词和关系副词）。 ﹙1﹚关系代词：that/who/whom/which/as ﹙2﹚关系副词：when/where/why 5.引导词的位置：位于定语从句之前（先行词之后）。【as除外】 6.引导词的功能（作用）： ﹙1﹚连接先行词和定语从句。 ﹙2﹚在定语从句中充当一定的成分（关系代词充当主语或宾语，关系副词充当状语）。7.定语从句的类型： ﹙1﹚限定性定语从句（主句和定语从句之间无逗号）。 ①直接由引导词引导定语从句 The man who you’re talking to is my friend. ②由介词+关系代词（whom/which）引导 The man to whom you’re talking is my friend. I need a pen with which I can write a letter. =I need a piece of paper on which I can write a letter. 介词的选用可根据从句中的相关词组确定，该介词通常可以放在关系代词之前，也可放在从句之尾。例如： The man (who/whom/that) I talked about at the meeting is from Beijing University. =The man about whom I talked at the meeting is from Beijing University. The palace (which/that) I often pay a visit to was built in the 17th century. =The palace to which I often pay a visit was built in the 17th century. ﹙2﹚非限定性定语从句（主句和定语从句之间用逗号隔开）。 ①直接由引导词引导定语从句。 ②由介词+关系代词（whom/which）引导。 I live in a house far away from the city, in front of which is a big tree. There is an apple tree standing at the gate, on which are many apples. This is the man to whom I gave the book. ③由“代词/名词+of+whom/which”或“of which/ whom +名词/代词”(先行词指 人用whom,指物用which)引导。One, some, any, none, all, both, several, many, most, neither, either等词、数词、分数或百分比与of whom或of which连用。 He has five children, two of whom are abroad. (比较：He has five children, and two of them are abroad.)
高中英语知识点扫描大全最新 一、定语从句与强调句陷阱题详解 1.The factory was built in a secret place, around high mountains. A.which was B. it was C. which were D. them were 【陷阱】容易误选A 或B，将A、B 中的which 和it 误认为是其后句子的主语。 【分析】最佳答案是C，around which were high mountains 是一个由“介词+which”引出的非限制性定语从句，而在该从句中，主语是high mountains，around which 是表语，所以句子谓语应用复数were，而不是用单数was。请做以下类例题目（答案均为C）： (1)Yesterday we visited a modern hospital, around some fruit shops. A.which is B. it is C. which are D. them are (2)The murder happened in an old building, beside the city police station. A.which are B. it is C. which is D. them are (3)Next month we’ll move to a new building, next to a nice restaurants where we can have Chinese food. A.which are B. it is C. which is D. them are 2.A man with a bleeding hand hurried in and asked, “Is there a hospital around I can get some medicine for my wounded hand?” A.that B. which C. where D. what 【陷阱】容易误选B，认为around 是介词，选which 用以代替前面的名词hospital，在此用作介词around 的宾语。 【分析】最佳答案为C。以上语法分析并不算错，但问题是，照此分析，此句的意思即为：有没有这样一个医院，我在它的附近可以买药治我的手伤？这样的语境显然有点不合情理，因为人们通常是在医院里面治伤，而不是在医院附近治伤。此题选C 的理由是：句中的around 不是介词，而是副词，意为“在附近”；其后的where 引导定语从句用以修饰其前的地点名词hospital，句意为：附近有没有一家医院，我可以去治我的手伤？ 3.David is such a good boy all the teachers like. A. that B. who C. as D. whom 【陷阱】此题容易误选A，许多同学一看到题干中的such，再联系到选项中的that，便认为这是考查such … that …句式。况且，这样理解意思也还通顺。 【分析】最佳答案为C，不是A，因为在such … that … (如此……以至……)结构中，that 引导的是结果状语从句，并且that 在从句中不充当句子成分，若在上句填入such … that…，句末的动词like 缺宾语。选C 的理由如下：as 用作关系代词，用以引导定语从句，修饰其前的名词boy，同时as 在定语从句中用作动词like 的宾语，句意为“所有老师都喜欢的一位好男孩”。有的同学可能还会问，假若选A，能否将其后的that 视为引导定语从句的关系代词呢？不能，因为当先行词受到such 的修饰时，其后的定语从句应用关系代词as 来引导，而不用that。比较下面一题，答案为A，因为like 后有自己的宾语him：David is such a good boy all the teachers like him. A. that B. who C. as D. whom 请再做以下试题（答案选D）： It was not such a good dinner she had promised us. A. like B. that C. which D. as 4.The buses, most of were already full, were surrounded by an angry crowd. A.that B. it C. them D. which 【陷阱】容易误选C，用them 代指the buses。 【分析】最佳答案是D。most of which were already full 为非限制性定语从句，修饰the buses。类似地，以下各题也选D： (1)His house, for (2)Ashdown forest, through he paid $10, 000, is now worth $50, 000. A. that B. it C. them D. which we’ll be driving, isn’t a forest any longer. A.that B. it C. them D. which
《高中英语语法大全》(word下载版) 本文件内容丰富，讲解详细，层次分明，重点突出，包括高中英语中非常详尽的知识点、易错点、易混点、常考点等，是高中学生和老师非常实用而而且管用语法大全。适合不同层次的高中学生使用。 《高中英语语法大全》第01章名词 一、概说 名词是表示人、事物、抽象概念等名称的词，如boy 男孩，mother 母亲，news 消息，progress 进步，computer 计算机，Tom 汤姆，Paris 巴黎，Japan 日本，furniture 家具，等。 名词根据其词汇意义，通常分为专有名词和普通名词。专有名词主要指人、地方、组织、机构等的专有的名称，专有名词的第一个字母通常大写，如Mary 玛丽，Mr Green 格林先生，Beijing 北京，等；普通名词通常指人、物、概念等的一般名称。根据普通名词的语法性质，它又可以细为个体名词、物质名词、集合名词和抽象名词四类：个体名词表示人或物的个体，如girl 女孩，pen 钢笔，等；物质名词表示无法分为个体的实物，如wood 木头，meat 肉，等；集合名词表示若干个体组成的集合体，如：family 家庭，crowd 人群，等；抽象名词表示性质、行为、状态、感情等抽象概念，如work 工作，happiness 幸福，等。 二、名词的数 1.名词复数的构成方法 (1)在一般情况下，加词尾 -s： book / books 书 pen / pens 钢笔 face / faces 脸 (2)以 s, x, z, sh, ch 等结尾的名词，通常加词尾 -es： bus / buses 公共汽车 box / boxes 盒子 dish / dishes 盘子 注：有些以 ch 结尾的名词，由于其发音不是 [k] 而是 [tf]，那么其复数形式应加词尾–s，如stomach / stomachs 胃。 (3)以y 结尾的名词，其复数构成要分两种情况：以―辅音字母+y‖结尾的名词，将 y 改为 ies；以―元音字母＋y‖结尾的名词，直接加词尾s： city / cities 城市 boy / boys 男孩 key / keys 钥匙
高中英语语法归纳总结 第一章名词性从句 在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词性从句(Noun Clauses）。名词性从句的功能相当于名词词组, 它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等，因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能，名词从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。 一．主语从句 主语从句是在复合句中充当主语的从句，通常放在主句谓语动词之前或由形式主语it代替，而本身放在句子末尾。 1. It 作形式主语和it引导强调句的比较 It 作形式主语代替主语从句，主要是为了平衡句子结构，主语从句的连接词没有变化。而it引导的强调句则是对句子某一部分进行强调，无论强调的是什么成分，都可用连词that。被强调部分指人时也可用who/whom。例如： a) It is a pity that you didn’t go to see the film. 你不去看那场电影真可惜。
b) It doesn’t interest me whether you sueed or not. 我对你成功与否不感兴趣。 c) It is in the morning that the murder took place. 谋杀案是在早上发生的。（强调句型） d) It is John that broke the window. 是John打碎的窗户。（强调句型） 2. 用it 作形式主语的结构 (1) It is ＋名词＋从句 It is a fact that ? 事实是? It is an honor that ?非常荣幸 It is mon knowledge that ?是常识 (2) It is ＋形容词＋从句 It is natural that?很自然?
人教版必修一各单元知识点总结 Unit One Friendship 一、重点短语 1.go through 经历，经受get through 通过；完成；接通电话 2. set down 记下，放下 3. a series of 一系列 4. on purpose 有目的的 5. in order to 为了 6. at dusk 傍晚，黄昏时刻 7. face to face 面对面 8. fall in love 爱上9. join in 参加（某个活动）；take part in 参加（活动） join 加入（组织，团队，并成为其中一员） 10. calm down 冷静下来11. suffer from 遭受12. be/get tired of…对…感到厌倦 13. be concerned about 关心14. get on/along well with 与…相处融洽15. be good at/do well in 擅长于…16. find it + adj. to do sth. 发现做某事是…17. no longer / not …any longer 不再…18. too much 太多（后接不可数n.）much too 太…(后接adj.)19. not…until 直到…才20. it’s no pleasure doing sth 做…并不开心 21. make sb. sth. 使某人成为…make sb. do sth. 使某人做某事 二、语法----直接引语和间接引语 概念：直接引语：直接引述别人的原话。一般前后要加引号。 间接引语：用自己的话转述别人的话。间接引语在多数情况下可构成宾语从句且不要加引号。 例：Mr. Black said, “ I’m busy.” Mr. Black said that he was busy. 变化规则 （一）陈述句的变化规则 直接引语如果是陈述句，变为间接引语时，用连词that（可省略）引导，从句中的人称、时态、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语都要发生相应的变化。 人称的变化——人称的变化主要是要理解句子的意思 例：1. He said, “ I like it very much.”→He said that he liked it very much. 2. He said to me, “I’v left my book in your room.” →He told me that he had left his book in my room. 时态的变化
高中英语语法知识点总结 Unit One Friendship 一、重点短语 1.go through 经历，经受 get through 通过；完成；接通电话 2. set down 记下，放下 3. a series of 一系列 4 on purpose 有目的的 5. in order to 为了 6. at dusk 傍晚，黄昏时刻 7. face to face 面对面 8. fall in love 爱上 9. join in 参加（某个活动）； take part in 参加（活动） join 加入（组织，团队，并成为其中一员） 10. calm down 冷静下来 11. suffer from 遭受 12. be/get tired of…对…感到厌倦 13. be concerned about 关心 14. get on/along well with 与…相处融洽 15. be good at/do well in 擅长于… 16. find it + adj. to do sth. 发现做某事是… 17. no longer / not …any longer 不再…
18. too much 太多（后接不可数n.） much too 太…(后接adj.) 19. not…until 直到…才 20. it’s no pleasure doing sth 做…并不开心 21. make sb. sth. 使某人成为… make sb. do sth. 使某人做某事 二、语法----直接引语和间接引语 概念：直接引语：直接引述别人的原话。一般前后要加引号。 间接引语：用自己的话转述别人的话。间接引语在多数情况下可构成宾语从句且不要加引号。 例： Mr. Black said, “ I’m busy.” Mr. Black said that he was busy. 变化规则 （一）陈述句的变化规则 直接引语如果是陈述句，变为间接引语时，用连词that（可省略）引导，从句中的人称、时态、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语都要发生相应的变化。 人称的变化——人称的变化主要是要理解句子的意思 例：1. He said, “ I like it very much.”→ He said that he liked it very much. 2. He said to me, “I’v left my book in your room.” → He told me that he had left his book in my room. 时态的变化
《高中英语语法大全》 本文件内容丰富，讲解详细，层次分明，重点突出，包括高中英语中非常详尽的知识点、易错点、易混点、常考点等，是高中学生和老师非常实用而而且管用语法大全。适合不同层次的高中学生使用。 《高中英语语法大全》第01章名词 一、概说 名词是表示人、事物、抽象概念等名称的词，如boy 男孩，mother 母亲，news 消息，progress 进步，computer 计算机，Tom 汤姆，Paris 巴黎，Japan 日本，furniture 家具，等。 名词根据其词汇意义，通常分为专有名词和普通名词。专有名词主要指人、地方、组织、机构等的专有的名称，专有名词的第一个字母通常大写，如Mary 玛丽，Mr Green 格林先生，Beijing 北京，等；普通名词通常指人、物、概念等的一般名称。根据普通名词的语法性质，它又可以细为个体名词、物质名词、集合名词和抽象名词四类：个体名词表示人或物的个体，如girl 女孩，pen 钢笔，等；物质名词表示无法分为个体的实物，如wood 木头，meat 肉，等；集合名词表示若干个体组成的集合体，如：family 家庭，crowd 人群，等；抽象名词表示性质、行为、状态、感情等抽象概念，如work 工作，happiness 幸福，等。 二、名词的数 1.名词复数的构成方法 (1)在一般情况下，加词尾 -s： book / books 书 pen / pens 钢笔 face / faces 脸 (2)以 s, x, z, sh, ch 等结尾的名词，通常加词尾 -es： bus / buses 公共汽车 box / boxes 盒子 dish / dishes 盘子 注：有些以 ch 结尾的名词，由于其发音不是 [k] 而是 [tf]，那么其复数形式应加词尾–s，如stomach / stomachs 胃。 (3)以y 结尾的名词，其复数构成要分两种情况：以“辅音字母+y”结尾的名词，将 y 改为 ies；以“元音字母＋y”结尾的名词，直接加词尾s： city / cities 城市 boy / boys 男孩 key / keys 钥匙
必修三知识点汇总M odule 1 Europe 重要短语： because of因为 thanks to由于；多亏了due to/owing to由于 as a result of由于…的结果 be covered by/with be known for/as/to make A out of B用B制成A make A into B/be made of work on从事/做…工作； 忙于 have…in common refer to参考/指的是/涉 及/适用于 have control over/of对… 有控制权 Beyond control无法控制 under control被控制住 out of control 失去控制 in the control of由…控制/ 管理/负责 lose control of对…失去 控制 have a population of有多 少人口 little by little渐渐地 in one’s thirties compare A with/and B比较A和B compare…to…把…比作…. compared with/t o…与…比较起来belong to increase(reduce) to/by in terms of根据/从…方面来说/从…的观点in the long/short term就长/短期而言come to terms=make terms达成协议，和好 bring sb. to terms使某人接收条件 be on good/bad terms with sb.与某人交情好/不好 be faced with面临，面对 face to face along the coast off the coast在(离开海面的)海岸上ever since自从/一直 on the one /other hand一方面/另一方
英语语法大全 一、词类、句子成分和构词法： 1、词类：英语词类分十种： 名词、形容词、代词、数词、冠词、动词、副词、介词、连词、感叹词。1、名词(n.)：表示人、事物、地点或抽象概念的名称。如：boy, morning, bag, ball, class, orange. 2、代词(pron.)：主要用来代替名词。如：who, she, you, it . 3、形容词(adj..)：表示人或事物的性质或特征。如：good, right, white, orange . 4、数词(num.)：表示数目或事物的顺序。如：one, two, three, first, second, third, fourth. 5、动词(v.)：表示动作或状态。如：am, is,are,have,see . 6、副词(adv.)：修饰动词、形容词或其他副词,说明时间、地点、程度等。 如：now, very, here, often, quietly, slowly. 7、冠词(art..)：用在名词前,帮助说明名词。如：a, an, the. 8、介词(prep.)：表示它后面的名词或代词与其他句子成分的关系。如in, on, from, above, behind. 9、连词(conj.)：用来连接词、短语或句子。如and, but, before . 10、感叹词(interj..)表示喜、怒、哀、乐等感情。如：oh, well, hi, hello. 2、句子成分：英语句子成分分为七种：主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、表语、宾语补足语。 1、主语是句子所要说的人或事物,回答是“谁”或者“什么”。通常用名词或 代词担任。如：I’m Miss Green.(我是格林小姐) 2、谓语动词说明主语的动作或状态,回答“做(什么)”。主要由动词担任。如： Jack cleans the room every day. (杰克每天打扫房间) 3、表语在系动词之后,说明主语的身份或特征,回答是“什么”或者“怎么样”。 通常由名词、代词或形容词担任。如：My name is Ping ping .(我 的名字叫萍萍) 4、宾语表示及物动词的对象或结果,回答做的是“什么”。通常由名词或代词
句子成分 (M e m b e r s o f a S e n t e n c e) 现代汉语里一般的句子成分有六种，即主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语和补语。英语的基本成分有七种：主语（subject）、谓语（predicate）、表语（predicative）、宾语（object）、定语（attribute）、状语(adverbial) 和补语（complement）。 一个完整的英语句子，至少由两部分组成（祁使句除外）——主语和谓语。主语是一个句子叙述的主体，表明这句话描述的是什么，谓语则用以说明主语的情况，它在人称和单复数形式上应与主语保持一致。 除了主语和谓语，句子有时还需要其他的成分，如用在系动词后表明主语性质，特征，状态或身份的表语，用在及物动后，表示行为对象或结果的宾语，修饰或限定名词或代词的定语，修饰动词形容词副词介词短语或全句的状语以及对一个名词或代词作进一步解释的同位语等。 英语五种基本句型列式如下： 一：ＳＶ（主＋谓） 二：ＳＶＰ（主＋系＋表） 三：ＳＶＯ（主＋谓＋宾） 四：ＳＶｏＯ（主＋谓＋间宾＋直宾） 五：ＳＶＯＣ（主＋谓＋宾＋宾补） 基本句型一：ＳＶ（主＋谓） 主语：可以作主语的成分有名词（如boy），主格代词（如you），数词，名词化的形容词，动词不定式，动名词或从句。主语一般在句首。注意名词单数形式常和冠词不分家！ 谓语：谓语由动词构成，是英语时态、语态变化的主角，一般在主语之后。不及物动词（vi.）没有宾语，形成主谓结构，如：We come. 此句型的句子有一个共同特点，即句子的谓语动词都能表达完整的意思，不能再接对象（即宾语），这类动词叫做不及物动词，后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等作状语。 Ｓ│ Ｖ（不及物动词） 1. The moon │rose. 月亮升起了。 2. The universe │remains. 宇宙长存。 3. We all │breathe, eat, and drink. 我们大家都呼吸、吃和喝。 4. Who │cares? 管它呢？ 5. What he said │does not matter. 他所讲的没有什么关系。 6. They │talked for half an hour. 他们谈了半个小时。 7. The pen │writes smoothly 这支笔书写流利。 基本句型二：ＳＶＰ（主＋系＋表） 系动词分三类：1）表示人或事物的身份特征或状态:appear, be, feel , look, seem, smell,sound, taste。例如look well/面色好,sound nice/听起来不错,feel good/感觉好，smell bad/难闻，taste good/尝起来不错； 2)表示状态的变化：become,come,fall,go,get, grow, turn,prove等；例如become cold/变冷，go grey/变灰白, (dreams) come true/（梦想）实现； 3)表示某种状态的延续或持续：continue，remain, stay, keep 等。例如keep silent/保持沉默，stay fine/仍然很好。