钠离子电池的电极材料研究进展
刘x
上海xx学院
摘要：钠离子电池在20世纪70年代末80年代初得到关注，但因锂离子电池优
异的电化学性能而没有得到广泛研究。随着电动汽车、智能电网时代的到来，锂资源短缺将成为制约其发展的重要因素。因此，亟需发展下一代综合性能优异的储能电池体系。钠离子电池具有比能量高、安全性能好、价格低廉等优点，而且钠和锂具有相似的物化性质，且钠资源丰富，因此，钠离子是非常有发展潜力的电池体系，近年来得到了国内外研究人员的广泛关注。在储能领域有望成为锂离子电池的替代品。本文阐述了钠离子电池电极材料的研究现状，对钠离子电池研究的正负极材料概述性讨论。正极材料有氧化物型、聚阴离子型；负极材料有碳
基材料、钛基材料和合金负极材料等，并分别阐明了各种材料的优势和局限性。关键词：钠离子电池；正极；负极
Research progress of electrode materials for
sodium ion battery
Liuw
Shanghai University Of xxxxx
Abstract: Sodium ion battery was initially researched alongside lithium ion battery in the late 1970s and through the 1980s. For the benefits of lithium ion batteries, namely higher energy density as a result of higher potential and lower molecular mass, shifted the focus of the battery community away from sodium. While lithium-ion battery technology is quite mature, there remain questions regarding lithium ion battery safety, lifetime, poor low-temperature performance, and cost. Furthermore, the rising demand for Li would force us to consider the growing price of Li resources due to the relative low abundance and uneven distribution of Li. Therefore, to explore low cost, highly safe, and cycling stable rechargeable batteries based on abundant resources is an urgent task. Sodium ion battery not only has the advantages of high energy density, good safety performance, low price, rich resources bur has the similar physical and chemical properties by comparing with lithium, which make the sodium ion extremely have the development potential of the battery system, have received extensive attention in recent years researchers at home and abroad. In the field of energy storage
is expected to become the lithium ion battery replacement. In this paper ，research progress of Na-ion batteries is reviewed, including preparation and electrochemical performance of positive electrodes，negative electrodes and electrolytes. Positive electrodes include oxides , phosphates. Negative electrodes include carbon based-anodes , titanium based-anodes and alloy anodes. The advantages and limitations of materials are presented.
Keywords: sodium ion batteries；cathode materials；anode materials
0．引言
近年来，随着各种高科技电子设备、电动工具、小功率电动汽车等高速迅猛发展，研究高能效、资源丰富及环境友好型的储能材料是人类社会实现可持续性发展的必要条件之一。为满足规模庞大的市场需求，仅依靠能量密度、充放电倍率等性能衡量电池材料是远远不够的。电池的制造成本与能耗是否对环境造成污染以及资源的回收利用率也将成为评价电池材料的重要指标。目前高性能锂离子电池及其电极材料的研究是电化学、材料化学、物理学等领域研究的热点，锂离子电池被视为储能电池的主要选择，其应用研究不断突破。然而，地球上的锂资源储量能否支持这类应用，目前学术界大多持怀疑态度。即使在一定时期内，锂的储量尚可维持应用需求，其高昂的材料成本也不利于大规模应用。因此，发展资源丰富、成本低廉的先进电池体系，是解决未来大规模储电应用的必然出路。
图1 钠离子电池正负极材料的电压与比容量的关系[1] 而同为元素周期表第I主族中的钠离子和锂离子的物化性质有许多相似之处，且资源储量十分丰富。钠离子完全有可能和锂离子电池一样构造一种广泛使
